Middle Adulthood Full Test Bank Chapter 8 6th Edition - Human Behavior Life Course 6e Test Bank by Elizabeth D. Hutchison. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 8: Middle Adulthood
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. According to Erikson’s theory, the psychosocial struggle of middle adulthood is ______.
A. identity versus role diffusion
B. generativity versus stagnation
C. intimacy versus isolation
D. ego integrity versus despair
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.3: Critique three theories of middle adulthood: Erikson’s theory of generativity, Jung’s and Levinson’s theories of finding balance, and life span theory of the gain-loss balance.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Erikson’s Theory of Generativity
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. Generativity can be defined as ______.
A. developing the capacity to transcend self-interest and provide care and concern for the next generation
B. developing the capacity to commit to deep association with others
C. developing a sense of who you are and where you are going in life
D. finding integrity and contentment in your life
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.3: Critique three theories of middle adulthood: Erikson’s theory of generativity, Jung’s and Levinson’s theories of finding balance, and life span theory of the gain-loss balance.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Erikson’s Theory of Generativity
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. Commitment, action, and ______ are all components of generativity.
A. focus on mortality
B. procreation
C. productivity
D. belief in the species
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.3: Critique three theories of middle adulthood: Erikson’s theory of generativity, Jung’s and Levinson’s theories of finding balance, and life span theory of the gain-loss balance.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Erikson’s Theory of Generativity
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. ______, or orientation to the external world, comes into greater balance in middle adulthood.
A. Accommodation
B. Introversion
C. Assimilation
D. Extroversion
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.3: Critique three theories of middle adulthood: Erikson’s theory of generativity, Jung’s and Levinson’s theories of finding balance, and life span theory of the gain-loss balance.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Jung’s and Levinson’s Theories of Finding Balance
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. The life span theory posits that in middle adulthood, there is ______.
A. the greatest change in human development
B. an overall reduction in resources
C. little opportunity for growth
D. a future of loss
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.3: Critique three theories of middle adulthood: Erikson’s theory of generativity, Jung’s and Levinson’s theories of finding balance, and life span theory of the gain-loss balance.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Jung’s and Levinson’s Theories of Finding Balance
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. ______ coping mechanisms consist of denial, projection, passive aggression, dissociation, acting out, and fantasy.
A. Immature
B. Negative
C. Positive
D. Mature
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.3: Critique three theories of middle adulthood: Erikson’s theory of generativity, Jung’s and Levinson’s theories of finding balance, and life span theory of the gain-loss balance.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Human Agency Approach
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. ______ is one of the big five personality traits, which can be defined as a tendency to be generous, cheerful, caring, trusting, and gently.
A. Extroversion
B. Cooperativeness
C. Openness to experience
D. Agreeableness
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.3: Critique three theories of middle adulthood: Erikson’s theory of generativity, Jung’s and Levinson’s theories of finding balance, and life span theory of the gain-loss balance.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Trait Approach
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. Which of the following is one of the most visible signs of physiological changes for midlife adults?
A. hormonal changes
B. physical appearance
C. mobility changes
D. sexuality
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.4: Give examples of biological changes, changes in health status, and intellectual changes during middle adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Biological Changes and Physical and Mental Health in Middle Adulthood
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. Which of the following is true regarding changes in the reproductive system in middle adulthood?
A. Men do not experience major rapid change in fertility.
B. Women do not experience major rapid change in fertility.
C. Men experience perimenopause and menopause.
D. Reproductive capacity is at its peak during.
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.4: Give examples of biological changes, changes in health status, and intellectual changes during middle adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Changes in the Reproductive System and Sexuality
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. The book discusses three theories, which can be used to understand personality changes in middle adulthood. These theories are the life narrative approach, human agency approach, and the ______.
A. life span theory
B. trait approach
C. midlife crisis approach
D. diversity of lives perspective
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.3: Critique three theories of middle adulthood: Erikson’s theory of generativity, Jung’s and Levinson’s theories of finding balance, and life span theory of the gain-loss balance.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Personality Changes in Middle Adulthood
Difficulty Level: Easy
11. Family members who keep generations of family networks in touch with one another and make sure that family members’ emotional and practical needs are met are called ______.
A. family networkers
B. kinkeepers
C. connectors
D. linkers
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.7: Describe major themes of relationships in middle adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Middle Adulthood in the Context of the Multigenerational Family
Difficulty Level: Easy
12. The text defines menopause as ______.
A. 12 consecutive months without menstruation
B. a 6-month period when there are biological indicators that reproductive capacity is reaching exhaustion
C. a frustrating time for women, characterized by uncomfortable biological effects, such as hot flashes
D. the depletion of one’s eggs
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.4: Give examples of biological changes, changes in health status, and intellectual changes during middle adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Changes in the Reproductive System and Sexuality
Difficulty Level: Medium
13. According to the text, the construction of middle adulthood is influenced by chronological age, cultural and historical contexts, and ______.
A. life events
B. legal precedents
C. age tends
D. developmental tasks
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.2: Summarize the changing construction of middle adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Changing Social Construction of Middle Adulthood
Difficulty Level: Easy
14. Work in middle adulthood has different meanings for different people. The text cites which of the following as a meaning of work? Patterns of middle-aged workers in the United States?
A. an escape from life burdens
B. a source of stress
C. an avenue for building confidence
D. a source of status and identity
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.8: Analyze major challenges related to work in middle adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Work in Middle Adulthood
Difficulty Level: Easy
15. Chronic stress, never marrying, and loneliness are all examples of ______.
A. side effects of aging
B. risk factors in middle adulthood
C. points in a life course narrative
D. issues men frequently face in middle adulthood
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.9: Give examples of risk factors and protective factors for middle adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Risk Factors and Protective Factors in Middle Adulthood
Difficulty Level: Medium
16. The typical chronological age band for middle adulthood is defined as Years ______.
A. 35–65
B. 50–70
C. 40–64
D. 40–80
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.2: Summarize the changing construction of middle adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: A Definition of Middle Adulthood
Difficulty Level: Easy
17. According to the text, two cultural views of middle adulthood have emerged since the 19th century. One sees this as a positive time of having accumulated resources for______, another sees this as a negative time of ______.
A. adult responsibilities; insecurity
B. happiness; financial burden
C. confidence; health decline
D. coping; loss
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.2: Summarize the changing construction of middle adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Culture and the Construction of Middle Adulthood
Difficulty Level: Medium
18. The human agency approach recognizes how ______ influences ______.
A. culture; motives
B. family; temperament
C. society; personality
D. age; coping
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.3: Critique three theories of middle adulthood: Erikson’s theory of generativity, Jung’s and Levinson’s theories of finding balance, and life span theory of the gain-loss balance.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Erikson’s Theory of Generativity
Difficulty Level: Medium
19. The life narrative approach views a developing person as a ______.
A. character
B. storyteller
C. protagonist
D. plot point
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.3: Critique three theories of middle adulthood: Erikson’s theory of generativity, Jung’s and Levinson’s theories of finding balance, and life span theory of the gain-loss balance.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Life Narrative Approach
Difficulty Level: Medium
20. Levinson suggests that the two central components of a life structure in middle adulthood are ______.
A. parenting and finances
B. employment and health
C. family and occupation
D. occupation and education
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.3: Critique three theories of middle adulthood: Erikson’s theory of generativity, Jung’s and Levinson’s theories of finding balance, and life span theory of the gain-loss balance.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Jung’s and Levinson’s Theories of Finding Balance
Difficulty Level: Easy
21. The average age of women having their last period is ______.
A. 51 years
B. 36 years
C. 48 years
D. 60 years
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.4: Give examples of biological changes, changes in health status, and intellectual changes during middle adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Changes in the Reproductive System and Sexuality
Difficulty Level: Easy
22. What kind of diseases become more significant in middle adulthood in high-income and middle-income countries?
A. infectious
B. chronic
C. communicable
D. respiratory
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.4: Give examples of biological changes, changes in health status, and intellectual changes during middle adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Changes in Health Status
Difficulty Level: Medium
23. Which of the following is seen as a major milestone for women and called the change of life?
A. divorce
B. osteoporosis
C. menopause
D. perimenopause
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.4: Give examples of biological changes, changes in health status, and intellectual changes during middle adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Changes in the Reproductive System and Sexuality
Difficulty Level: Easy
True/False
1. The baby boom generation is the result of a large surge of births that occurred after World War I.
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.2: Summarize the changing construction of middle adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Changing Age Demographics
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. There are scholars who believe that middle adulthood should be thought of in terms of achieving certain developmental tasks rather than by chronological age.
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.3: Critique three theories of middle adulthood: Erikson’s theory of generativity, Jung’s and Levinson’s theories of finding balance, and life span theory of the gain-loss balance.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Theories of Middle Adulthood
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. A middle adult’s failure to be generative results in self-absorption.
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.3: Critique three theories of middle adulthood: Erikson’s theory of generativity, Jung’s and Levinson’s theories of finding balance, and life span theory of the gain-loss balance.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Erikson’s Theory of Generativity
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. In middle adulthood, people move toward a more androgynous behavioral repertoire.
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.3: Critique three theories of middle adulthood: Erikson’s theory of generativity, Jung’s and Levinson’s theories of finding balance, and life span theory of the gain-loss balance.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Jung’s and Levinson’s Theories of Finding Balance
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. In middle adulthood the most noted biological change is the lost or diminished reproductive capacity.
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.4: Give examples of biological changes, changes in health status, and intellectual changes during middle adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Changes in the Reproductive System and Sexuality
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. Cognitive performance varies greatly for the majority of midlife adults.
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.4: Give examples of biological changes, changes in health status, and intellectual changes during middle adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Intellectual Changes in Middle Adulthood
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. A recent new idea is that personality is most stable in middle adulthood.
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.3: Critique three theories of middle adulthood: Erikson’s theory of generativity, Jung’s and Levinson’s theories of finding balance, and life span theory of the gain-loss balance.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Personality Changes in Middle Adulthood
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. Coping mechanisms mature with age and experience according to Vaillant.
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.3: Critique three theories of middle adulthood: Erikson’s theory of generativity, Jung’s and Levinson’s theories of finding balance, and life span theory of the gain-loss balance.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Human Agency Approach
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. Midlife personality should be thought of in terms of both stability and change according to the research.
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.3: Critique three theories of middle adulthood: Erikson’s theory of generativity, Jung’s and Levinson’s theories of finding balance, and life span theory of the gain-loss balance.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Human Agency Approach
Difficulty Level: Easy
Essay
1. Discuss the meaning of work and retirement for people in midlife.
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.8: Analyze major challenges related to work in middle adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Work in Middle Adulthood
Difficulty Level: Hard
2. Discuss one of the four work patterns of middle-aged workers in the United States that have changed in the past three decades.
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.8: Analyze major challenges related to work in middle adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Work in Middle Adulthood
Difficulty Level: Comprehension
3. Define and explain Erikson's psychosocial struggle of middle adulthood which is generativity versus stagnation.
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.3: Critique three theories of middle adulthood: Erikson’s theory of generativity, Jung’s and Levinson’s theories of finding balance, and life span theory of the gain-loss balance.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Erikson’s Theory of Generativity
Difficulty Level: Hard
4. Discuss the various personality theories on middle adulthood. How might an understanding of these theories help us in our work with middle-aged adults?
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.3: Critique three theories of middle adulthood: Erikson’s theory of generativity, Jung’s and Levinson’s theories of finding balance, and life span theory of the gain-loss balance.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Personality Changes in Middle Adulthood
Difficulty Level: Hard
5. Discuss the impact of biological changes and special health issues in middle adulthood. How might a social worker engage clients in assessing their own health behaviors?
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.4: Give examples of biological changes, changes in health status, and intellectual changes during middle adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Biological Changes and Physical and Mental Health in Middle Adulthood
Difficulty Level: Hard
6. Compare and contrast the arguments for personality stability and personality change in middle adulthood.
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.3: Critique three theories of middle adulthood: Erikson’s theory of generativity, Jung’s and Levinson’s theories of finding balance, and life span theory of the gain-loss balance.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Personality Changes in Middle Adulthood
Difficulty Level: Hard
7. Discuss the various aspects of relationships in middle adulthood including spouse or partner, children, parents, friends, and community. Include in your discussion stressors that might be involved in these various relationships. Cite examples from Viktor or Lisa’s case studies to illustrate the important dimensions of relationships in middle adulthood.
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.7: Describe major themes of relationships in middle adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Relationships in Middle Adulthood
Difficulty Level: Hard
8. Discuss the ongoing importance of work in middle adulthood. Include in your discussion the importance of the role of work and the changes that have influenced this role.
KEY: Learning Objective: 8.8: Analyze major challenges related to work in middle adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Work in Middle Adulthood
Difficulty Level: Hard