Young Adult Dev Quiz 1 Chapter.13 Test Bank Answers

Name____________________________________

Chapter 13—Young Adulthood: Personality and Sociocultural Development—Quick Quiz 1

1. According to the text, which are the two most important tasks of emerging adulthood and early adulthood?

a. finding a job and making a living

b. finding a romantic partner and entering a career or job

c. finding a mate and having children

d. saving enough money to buy a house and having children

2. Through his own studies and thoughts, Robert has come to realize that he and his parents differ on several important beliefs. According to the text, which aspect of independence has Robert accomplished?

a. functional

b. attitudinal

c. emotional

d. conflictual

3. With regard to work, the satisfaction that workers derive from the work itself is the definition of:

a. intrinsic factors

b. remote factors

c. extrinsic factors

d. immediate factors

4. According to stimulus-value-role theory, during what stage of courtship are judgments typically formed on the other’s appearance and social and mental traits?

a. value stage

b. role stage

c. stimulus stage

d. response stage

5. Which of the following is the most accurate statement about the American Academy of Pediatrics’s (AAP’s) position on allowing homosexuals to adopt their partner’s children?

a. The AAP supports adoption of children by a homosexual partner.

b. The AAP supports adoption, but only if the child is a biological child of the partner.

c. The AAP supports adoption, but only for lesbian women, not for gay men.

d. The AAP does not support adoption of children by a homosexual partner, regardless of circumstances.

6. In comparison to the percent of families with children that were headed by single women in the 1970, the percent headed by single women in 2015 was:

a. slightly less

b. about the same

c. slightly more

d. substantially more

7. Suppose that Dr. Robins is interested in how people learn about and choose the jobs they hold in their lives. He decides to study a cohort of children, asking them what they think about different jobs, and they follow these children as they grow into adults, studying how they choose jobs and adjust to job demands. The topic of study that best describes Dr. Robins work is:

a. career counseling

b. industrial psychology

c. the occupational cycle

d. the “person-job fit” theory of careers

8. Learning that one’s expectations about work are unrealistic and that one’s training is inadequate is most likely to lead to which of the following?

a. reality shock

b. self-actualization

c. emotional independence

d. the mentoring relationship

9. The two reasons the text suggests to explain why women are underrepresented in the more highly paid professions are:

a. discrimination in the workplace and that women sometimes make early choices that limit their later career options

b. they lack “toughness” in making hard decisions and they are more nurturing

c. they do not have as much mathematical aptitude and they are more nurturing

d. they lack “toughness” in making hard decisions and they sometimes make early choices that limit their later career options

10. If Alice and Arthur are a typical married couple who both work full-time, compared to Arthur, Alice will do _______ of the daily housework.

a. slightly less

b. an equal amount

c. two to three times more

d. ten times more

Name____________________________________

Chapter 13—Young Adulthood: Personality and Sociocultural Development—Quick Quiz 2

1. Latonya is a new student at a major university and is trying hard to find new friends. Maslow would say that Latonya is trying to satisfy her need for:

a. self-actualization

b. esteem

c. safety

d. belongingness

2. According to the view of Carl Rogers, in order to show a child unconditional positive regard, parents should:

a. impose conditions of worth

b. accept the child without reservation

c. never punish any behavior

d. praise a child whenever she accomplishes a goal

3. The concept of “flow” corresponds most closely to the meaning of:

a. condition of worth

b. unconditional positive regard

c. conditional positive regard

d. self-actualization

4. According to the text, nearly all couples cite which of the following as the central aspect of their relationship?

a. money

b. trust

c. help and support

d. love

5. When Mark and Jill had their first child, they had different reactions to parenthood. If their adjustment is typical of most new parents, you would expect that Jill would react to becoming a mother by:

a. giving priority to her parenting and family roles

b. intensifying her work efforts to become a better provider

c. ignoring her parenting responsibilities and spending more time with her female friends

d. assigning the majority of household and childcare responsibilities to Mark

6. In comparison to the percent of two-parent families in the United States living in poverty today, the percent of single-parent families headed by a father living in poverty is:

a. slightly lower

b. about the same

c. about 10% higher

d. about twice as high

7. The stage of Havighurst’s model of vocational life in which the idea of working enters into a person's self-concept is the stage of:

a. acquiring the basic habits of industry

b. acquiring an identity as a worker

c. identification with a worker

d. contemplating a productive/responsible life

8. Velma is astonished at how political her new job is, and she is struggling to meet her boss’s expectations. Velma tells her husband that she had no idea about how hard this new job would be. Her response is best considered to be an example of:

a. poor mentoring

b. the first stage of the occupational cycle

c. the last stage of the occupational cycle

d. reality shock

9. The increase in the proportion of women in the U.S. workforce since the 1950s has been most dramatic for women in which of the following groups?

a. African American women

b. White women

c. Hispanic American women

d. None of the other answers are correct because changes in labor force participation rates for African American, white, and Hispanic American women have been nearly the same.

10. Generalizing from research described in the text, if you were to study couples in dual-earner families, you would expect to find the highest levels of stress for people in which of the following groups?

a. men in professional-level jobs

b. men in working-class jobs

c. women in professional-level jobs

d. women in working-class jobs

Quick Quiz Answers

Quick Quiz 13.1

1. b; Chapter Introduction

2. b; 13.1.2

3. a; 13.1.3

4. c; 13.2.1

5. a; 13.2.3

6. d; 13.3.3

7. c; 13.4

8. a; 13.4.2

9. a; 13.4.4

10. c; 13.5.4

Quick Quiz 13.2

1. d; 13.1.1

2. b; 13.1.1

3. d; 13.1.1

4. d; 13.2.1

5. a; 13.3.1

6. d; 13.3.3

7. c; 13.4.1

8. d; 13.4.2

9. b; 13.5.1

10. c; 13.5.4

Chapter 13

Young Adulthood: Personality and Sociocultural Development

Learning Objectives

13.1: Explain how social contexts affect the process of self-actualization

13.2: Assess how cultural and personal values affect adult relationships

13.3: Relate parenthood to adult development

13.4: Evaluate influences on the occupational cycle

13.5 Analyze how women experience work in the United States

Multiple Choice questions:

Self, Family, and Work

Learning Objective 13.1: Explain how social contexts affect the process of self-actualization

13.1. If you surveyed 22-year-olds today and compared the results of this survey to similar results gathered on 22-year-olds 50 years ago, you should expect to find that young adults today are:

a. marrying at younger ages but entering careers at older ages

b. marrying at older ages but entering careers at younger ages

c. marrying and entering careers at younger ages

d. marrying and entering careers at older ages

Module: Chapter Introduction

Learning Objective 13.1

Analyze It

Moderate

Rationale: The text notes that young adults today are waiting until later to make a variety of commitments, including postponing marriage and taking longer to enter a career.

13.2. According to the text, which are the two most important tasks of emerging adulthood and early adulthood?

a. finding a job and making a living

b. finding a romantic partner and entering a career or job

c. finding a mate and having children

d. saving enough money to buy a house and having children

Module: Chapter Introduction

Learning Objective 13.1

Apply What You Know

Moderate

Rationale: A successful journey into and throughout adulthood is, for most people, closely tied to a person’s involvement with a career and with a romantic partner and a family.

13.3. The classic view of self-development called the Hierarchy of Needs was proposed by which theorist?

a. Robert Sternberg

b. Jean Piaget

c. Carl Rogers

d. Abraham Maslow

Module: 13.1.1: The Personal Self

Learning Objective 13.1

Understand the Concept

Easy

13.4. According to Abraham Maslow, human needs can be arranged in a hierarchy with which of the following needs occupying the highest level?

a. self-fulfillment

b. self-perfection

c. self-improvement

d. self-actualization

Module: 13.1.1: The Personal Self

Learning Objective 13.1

Understand the Concept

Easy

13.5. The goal of self-actualization is most central to the theoretical perspective advanced by which of the following theorists?

a. Sigmund Freud

b. Jean Piaget

c. Abraham Maslow

d. Robert Sternberg

Module: 13.1.1: The Personal Self

Learning Objective 13.1

Evaluate It

Moderate

Rationale: Maslow developed a hierarchy emphasizing the needs that individuals need to meet in developing their unique self. For Maslow, the ultimate goal of self-development was self-actualization, which means realizing one’s full development by utilizing one’s talents and abilities

13.6. Latonya is a new student at a major university and is trying hard to find new friends. Maslow would say that Latonya is trying to satisfy her need for:

a. self-actualization

b. esteem

c. safety

d. belongingness

Module: 13.1.1: The Personal Self

Learning Objective 13.1

Analyze It

Moderate

Rationale: Belongingness refers to a need to belong in one’s family and community, whereas esteem refers to gaining the respect of others and ourselves. Self-actualization is realizing one’s full development, and safety is a lower-level need referring to our need for basic physical security.

13.7. Which of the following is the most basic (the lowest) need on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

a. physiological needs

b. belongingness needs

c. safety needs

d. self-actualization

Module: 13.1.1: The Personal Self

Learning Objective 13.1

Understand the Concept

Easy

13.8. Lois lives in a country which suffers continually from riots and internal wars. This situation would challenge most directly Lois’s ability to satisfy which of the following needs?

a. physiological

b. safety

c. esteem

d. cognitive

Module: 13.1.1: The Personal Self

Learning Objective 13.1

Analyze It

Moderate

Rationale: Safety is a lower-level need referring to our need for basic physical security, whereas physiological needs have to do with even more basic survival necessities such as food and water. Esteem needs are higher-level needs having to do with a need for respect from others and one’s self.

13.9. John tells his girlfriend, “If you don’t stop nagging me, I’m going to find a different girlfriend.” John’s statement emphasizes the concept of:

a. unconditional positive regard

b. self-actualization

c. conditions of worth

d. intrinsic reinforcement

Module: 13.1.1: The Personal Self

Learning Objective 13.1

Evaluate It

Moderate

Rationale: Conditions of worth are conditions others impose upon us if we are to be worthwhile as human beings. They often involve the withdrawal of affection and approval unless behavior conforms to another’s expectations.

13.10. When parents tell a child what to do or not to do in order to be considered a worthwhile

human being, they are imposing what Carl Rogers termed:

a. self-actualization

b. self-esteem

c. conditions of worth

d. security and belongingness

Module: 13.1.1: The Personal Self

Learning Objective 13.1

Apply What You Know

Moderate

13.11. According to the view of Carl Rogers, in order to show a child unconditional positive regard, parents should:

a. impose conditions of worth

b. accept the child without reservation

c. never punish any behavior

d. praise a child whenever she accomplishes a goal

Module: 13.1.1: The Personal Self

Learning Objective 13.1

Evaluate It

Moderate

Rationale: Rogers’ concept of unconditional positive regard suggests that we should warmly accept another person as a worthwhile human being without reservations or conditions of worth.

13.12. Luke tells his sister that he will love her, no matter what she does or how she acts. In his comment, according to the view of Carl Rogers, Luke is expressing which of the following characteristics:

a. unconditional positive regard

b. conditional positive regard

c. positive conditions of worth

d. self-actualization

Module: 13.1.1: The Personal Self

Learning Objective 13.1

Evaluate It

Moderate

Rationale: Rogers’ concept of unconditional positive regard suggests that we should warmly accept another person as a worthwhile human being without reservations or conditions of worth.

13.13. The concept of “flow” corresponds most closely to the meaning of:

a. conditions of worth

b. unconditional positive regard

c. conditional positive regard

d. self-actualization

Module: 13.1.1: The Personal Self

Learning Objective 13.1

Understand the Concept

Moderate

13.14. Randy is writing a short story and he becomes so immersed and engaged in this work that he completely forgets about time and is surprised that several hours have passed. This “in the moment” experience is best considered to be an example of:

a. unconditional positive regard

b. conditional positive regard

c. flow

d. identity transformation

Module: 13.1.1: The Personal Self

Learning Objective 13.1

Evaluate It

Moderate

Rationale: Flow is defined as a mental state during which the person is completely absorbed and involved with a particular activity.

13.15. Through his own studies and thoughts, Robert has come to realize that he and his parents differ on several important beliefs. According to the text, which aspect of independence has Robert accomplished?

a. functional

b. attitudinal

c. emotional

d. conflictual

Module: 13.1.2: Self as Family Member

Learning Objective 13.1

Analyze It

Moderate

Rationale: Table 13.1 highlights the aspects of achieving independence in young adulthood. According to the table, attitudinal independence refers to the young adult developing attitudes, values, and beliefs that are independent from, and may be different from, those held by parents.

13.16. Margaret wants to move into her own apartment, but she hesitates to do so because she doesn’t want to leave her widowed father to live by himself. Margaret’s concern best exemplifies her inability to achieve which of the following types of independence?

a. conflictual independence

b. attitudinal independence

c. emotional independence

d. functional independence

Module: 13.1.2: Self as Family Member

Learning Objective 13.1

Evaluate It

Difficult

Rationale: Table 13.1 highlights the aspects of achieving independence in young adulthood. According to the table, conflictual independence refers to the young adult’s separation from parents, accomplished without feelings of guilt or betrayal.

13.17. Lindsay is 15 years old, lives in her own apartment, has a responsible job, chooses her own friends, and is independent from her parents except that they send her a check for $1,000 every month to help her make ends meet. Lindsay has most likely achieved all of the types of independence EXCEPT:

a. conflictual independence

b. attitudinal independence

c. emotional independence

d. functional independence

Module: 13.1.2: Self as Family Member

Learning Objective 13.1

Apply What You Know

Difficult

Rationale: Table 13.1 highlights the aspects of achieving independence in young adulthood. According the table, in functional independence the young adult becomes financially independent and can take care of day-to-day problems.

13.18. Suppose you administered a survey to a group of men and women and asked them what was the most important component of defining themselves as who they are. Generalizing from a similar study reported in the text, you should expect the large majority to respond:

a. career advancement

b. income

c. family roles

d. opportunities for self-actualization

Module: 13.1.2: Self as Family Member

Learning Objective 13.1

Evaluate It

Difficult

13.19. If you administered a survey that asked men and women to identify what was the most important component of defining themselves as who they are, you would expect men to answer __________ and women to answer ______________.

a. family; career

b. family; family

c. career; family

d. career; career

Module: 13.1.2: Self as Family Member

Learning Objective 13.1

Apply What You Know

Difficult

Rationale: In the study of adult identity cited in the text, 90% of the men and women who were interviewed indicated that their family roles and responsibilities were the most important components in defining who they were. Very few men and women defined themselves primarily in terms of their career rather than their family.

13.20. Which of the following is the best example of an intrinsic factor of work?

a. the rewards of salary and status the person receives

b. the convenience of work hours for the person’s schedule

c. the opportunity for advancement to a better paying job

d. the degree to which the work is interesting and challenging

Module: 13.1.3: Self as Worker

Learning Objective 13.1

Evaluate It

Moderate

Rationale: Intrinsic factors in work refer to satisfaction workers obtain from doing the work in and of itself. A table presented in the text lists two of these factors as being work that is interesting and work that is challenging.

13.21. Montel describes his new accounting job as very rewarding because of his high level of interest in taxes and being able to work with numbers. Montel’s description of his job points out the importance of which of the following factors?

a. intrinsic factors

b. extrinsic factors

c. unconditional regard factors

d. decision/commitment factors

Module: 13.1.3: Self as Worker

Learning Objective 13.1

Analyze It

Difficult

Rationale: Intrinsic factors in work refer to satisfaction workers obtain from doing the work in and of itself.

13.22. With regard to work, the satisfaction that workers derive from the work itself is the definition of:

a. intrinsic factors

b. remote factors

c. extrinsic factors

d. immediate factors

Module: 13.1.3: Self as Worker

Learning Objective 13.1

Understand the Concept

Easy

13.23. Pedro describes his new job in terms of his salary and the bonuses he will receive. He

describes his work in terms of its:

a. generativity

b. extrinsic factors

c. intrinsic factors

d. self-actualization potential

Module: 13.1.3: Self as Worker

Learning Objective 13.1

Analyze It

Moderate

Rationale: In work, extrinsic factors refer to satisfaction in the form of salary, status, and other rewards for work.

Forming Close Relationships

Learning Objective 13.2: Assess how cultural and personal values affect adult relationships

13.24. According to Erik Erikson, the primary developmental task in early adulthood is:

a. establishing a meaningful intimate relationship

b. learning to trust another person

c. understanding one’s self and forming a self-identity

d. establishing career goals and starting to fulfill them

Module: 13.2.1: Couple Formation and Development

Learning Objective 13.2

Understand the Concept

Easy

13.25. According to the text, since the 1950s, U. S. society has changed dramatically in all of the following ways EXCEPT that:

a. expectations that couples should marry have relaxed

b. society now is more tolerant of sex outside of marriage

c. male and female roles have become more different from each other

d. expectations that marriage will last forever have become lower

Module: 13.2.1: Couple Formation and Development

Learning Objective 13.2

Evaluate It

Moderate

Rationale: Since the 1950s, there has been a weakening of the norms requiring couples to marry, to remain married, to have children, to engage in intimate relations only within the marriage, and to maintain separate roles for males and females.

13.26. According to the text, nearly all couples cite which of the following as the central aspect of their relationship?

a. money

b. trust

c. help and support

d. love

Module: 13.2.1: Couple Formation and Development

Learning Objective 13.2

Understand the Concept

Easy

13.27. According to stimulus-value-role theory, during what stage of courtship are judgments typically formed on the other's appearance and social and mental traits?

a. value stage

b. role stage

c. stimulus stage

d. response stage

Module: 13.2.1: Couple Formation and Development

Learning Objective 13.2

Analyze It

Moderate

Rationale: During the stimulus stage, when a man and woman meet or see each other for the first time, they make initial judgments about each other’s appearance, personality, and intelligence.

13.28. What theory of marital choice says that we try to get the best deal in life by examining the partner’s assets and liabilities at various stages?

a. triangular theory

b. self-actualization theory

c. stimulus-value-role theory

d. hierarchy of needs theory

Module: 13.2.1: Couple Formation and Development

Learning Objective 13.2

Evaluate It

Moderate

Rationale: According to stimulus-value-role theory, each person examines the assets and liabilities of the other partner to determine whether the relationship is worthwhile.

13.29. During which stage of the stimulus-value-role theory of couple formation do couples typically determine whether their interests, attitudes, and beliefs are compatible?

a. role stage

b. stimulus stage

c. value-comparison stage

d. triangulated stage

Module: 13.2.1: Couple Formation and Development

Learning Objective 13.2

Analyze It

Moderate

Rationale: During the value-comparison stage, couples’ conversations reveal whether their interests, attitudes, beliefs, and needs are compatible.

13.30. According to the view of Robert Sternberg, which of the following words is used to describe the feeling of closeness that occurs in love relationships?

a. passion

b. communication

c. intimacy

d. commitment

Module: 13.2.1: Couple Formation and Development

Learning Objective 13.2

Analyze It

Moderate

Rationale: For Sternberg, intimacy is the feeling of closeness that occurs in love relationships; it is the sense of being connected or bonded to the people we love.

13.31. Carol and Jason have what is called romantic love. According to Robert Sternberg’s view, which components of love make up romantic love?

a. passion and decision/commitment

b. intimacy and decision/commitment

c. intimacy and passion

d. intimacy, passion, and decision/commitment

Module: 13.2.1: Couple Formation and Development

Learning Objective 13.2

Analyze It

Difficult

Rationale: According to a figure included in the text and Table 13.2, romantic love is comprised of intimacy (the closeness that occurs in love relationships) and passion (physical attraction, arousal, and sexual behavior in a relationship).

13.32. Ben and Mindy feel very close to each other, and are happiest when they are together. They describe each other as “best friends.” According to Robert Sternberg’s view, their love is best characterized as one emphasizing:

a. infatuation

b. intimacy

c. passion

d. decision/commitment

Module: 13.2.1: Couple Formation and Development

Learning Objective 13.2

Analyze It

Moderate

Rationale: For Sternberg, intimacy is the feeling of closeness that occurs in love relationships; it is the sense of being connected or bonded to the people we love.

13.33. According to Robert Sternberg’s view of love, which of the following kinds of love has intimacy, passion, and commitment?

a. companionate love

b. consummate love

c. romantic love

d. infatuated love

Module: 13.2.1: Couple Formation and Development

Learning Objective 13.2

Analyze It

Moderate

Rationale: According to a figure included in the text and Table 13.2, consummate love is comprised of all three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment.

13.34. According to Robert Sternberg’s view, which kind of love do two people share who have passion, but lack intimacy and commitment?

a. fatuous love

b. empty love

c. romantic love

d. companionate love

Module: 13.2.1: Couple Formation and Development

Learning Objective 13.2

Analyze It

Difficult

Rationale: According to a figure included in the text and Table 13.2, fatuous love occurs when passion, but not the other two components of love, are present.

13.35. Bob and Gina are a married couple who feel connected to each other, enjoy each other’s company, and view marriage as a lifetime commitment. However, there is no passion in their love for each other anymore. In Sternberg’s view, this marriage is best characterized by one focused on:

a. fatuous love

b. romantic love

c. committed love

d. companionate love

Module: 13.2.1: Couple Formation and Development

Learning Objective 13.2

Analyze It

Difficult

Rationale: According to a figure included in the text and Table 13.2, companionate love occurs when intimacy (the closeness that occurs in love relationships) and commitment (the decision to be in and maintain love) are present, but passion (physical attraction, arousal, and sexual behavior in a relationship) is not.

13.36. According to a study cited in the text, about of university students in the United States, England, and Australia reported that they would not marry a person without being in love; in cultures where arranged marriages are practiced, this percentage was .

a. 80%; 40%

b. 95%; 25%

c. 90%; 90%

d. 50%; 50%

Module: 13.2.1: Couple Formation and Development

Learning Objective 13.2

Understand the Concept

Moderate

13.37. Based on current population projections in the United States, what percent of men and women will marry at some point in their lives?

a. 40%

b. 60%

c. 70%

d. 90%

Module: 13.2.2: Marriage

Learning Objective 13.2

Understand the Concept

Easy

13.38. In 1960, about 60% of the U.S. population over age 15 was married. Today, this rate is about:

a. 35%

b. 50%

c. 65%

d. 80%

Module: 13.2.2: Marriage

Learning Objective 13.2

Understand the Concept

Easy

13.39. Generalizing from the text, you should expect that the proportion of the population who are single reached the HIGHEST point in which of the following years?

a. 1970

b. 1980

c. 2005

d. 2015

Module: 13.2.2: Marriage

Learning Objective 13.2

Understand the Concept

Moderate

13.40. According to data presented in the text, the divorce rate in the United States was at its highest point in which of the following years?

a. 1943

b. 1962

c. 1977

d. 2010

Module: 13.2.2: Marriage

Learning Objective 13.2

Analyze It

Moderate

Rationale: A figure in the text depicts the number of divorces per 1,000 population. This rate can be seen to have peaked between 1975 and 1980.

13.41. In traditional Arabic cultures, marriage typically is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

a. marriages are usually arranged

b. marriages are usually with people who are strangers to the family

c. once a woman is engaged, all contact with men is forbidden

d. the night before the wedding the couple engage in sexual intercourse to see if the marriage will “work” for the husband

Module: 13.2.2: Marriage

Learning Objective 13.2

Understand the Concept

Moderate

13.42. According to the 2010 U. S. Census, about what percentage of all married couples in the United States are self-described as “interracial”?

a. 1%

b. 3%

c. 10%

d. 25%

Module: 13.2.2: Marriage

Learning Objective 13.2

Understand the Concept

Moderate

13.43. Marriage between two people of the same sex was legalized in all 50 United States in:

a. 1969

b. 1985

c. 2001

d. 2015

Module: 13.2.2: Marriage

Learning Objective 13.2

Understand the Concept

Easy

13.44. According to the text, about what percent of cohabiting couples have children living with them?

a. about 10%

b. about 25%

c. about 30%

d. about 43%

Module: 13.2.3: Cohabitation

Learning Objective 13.2

Understand the Concept

Moderate

13.45. Statistics cited in the text suggest that the number of cohabiting couples in the United States is ______ the number of such couples in 1970.

a. slightly less than

b. about the same number as

c. about twice as many as

d. about 15 times greater than

Module: 13.2.3: Cohabitation

Learning Objective 13.2

Understand the Concept

Moderate

13.46. According to the text, about what percentage of cohabiting couples in the United States today are under the age of 40:

a. about 30%

b. about 50%

c. about 65%

d. about 85%

Module: 13.2.3: Cohabitation

Learning Objective 13.2

Apply What You Know

Moderate

Rationale: In 2011, 62.5% of cohabiting men and 66.4% of cohabiting women were under the age of 40.

13.47. According to statistics cited in the text, about what percent of cohabiting couples eventually marry:

a. 5%

b. 20%

c. 33%

d. 50%

Module: 13.2.3: Cohabitation

Learning Objective 13.2

Understand the Concept

Moderate

13.48. Which of the following statements about cohabiting couples is TRUE?

a. If they marry, they are less likely to get divorced than couples who did not cohabitate before marriage.

b. If they marry, their marriages are generally happier than those of couples who did not cohabitate before marriage.

c. If they marry, they provide more support for each other than do couples who did not cohabitate before marriage.

d. They are more likely to have affairs outside of their relationships than are married couples.

Module: 13.2.3: Cohabitation

Learning Objective 13.2

Evaluate It

Difficult

Rationale: Although the results of studies on cohabiting couples vary somewhat, the text notes that cohabiting couples are more likely to have affairs outside the relationship and cohabitation seldom leads to happier and more stable marriages.

13.49. Generalizing from statistics reported in the text, which of the following couples would be most likely to experience the most tension in their relationship?

a. Mark and Nancy, who are a married, heterosexual couple

b. Jim and Mary, who are a cohabiting, heterosexual couple

b. Felix and Tom, who are a gay male couple

c. Lindsey and Marie, who are a lesbian couple

Module: 13.2.3: Cohabitation

Learning Objective 13.2

Evaluate It

Difficult

Rationale: A variety of findings cited in the text support the idea that cohabiting heterosexual couples experience more tension than married heterosexual couples. The statistics that describe the relationships of same-sex cohabiting couples are more comparable to those describing married, rather than cohabiting, heterosexual couples.

13.50. Which of the following is the most accurate statement about the American Academy of Pediatrics’s (AAP’s) position on allowing homosexuals to adopt their partner’s children:

a. The AAP supports adoption of children by a homosexual partner.

b. The AAP supports adoption, but only if the child is a biological child of the partner.

c. The AAP supports adoption, but only for lesbian women, not for gay men.

d. The AAP does not support adoption of children by a homosexual partner, regardless of circumstances.

Module: 13.2.3: Cohabitation

Learning Objective 13.2

Understand the Concept

Moderate

13.51. Statistically speaking, which of the following people has the GREATEST chance of being single, rather than married, in the United States today?

a. Sam, an African American man

b. Fred, an Asian American man

c. Jose, a Hispanic American man

d. Jeff, a white, non-Hispanic man

Module: 13.2.4: Staying Single

Learning Objective 13.2

Analyze It

Moderate

Rationale: As noted in the text, white Americans are least likely to remain single; black Americans are most likely to adopt the single lifestyle.

13.52. Statistically speaking, which of the following people has the LEAST chance of being married, rather than single, in the United States today:

a. Jean, who is a white, non-Hispanic woman

b. Latoya, who is an African American woman

c. Linda, who is a Hispanic American woman

d. Li, who is an Asian American woman

Module: 13.2.4: Staying Single

Learning Objective 13.2

Analyze It

Moderate

Rationale: As noted in the text, white Americans are least likely to remain single; black Americans are most likely to adopt the single lifestyle.

The Family Life Cycle and Adult Development

Learning Objective 13.3: Relate parenthood to adult development

13.53. When Mark and Jill had their first child, they had different reactions to parenthood. If their adjustment is typical of most new parents, you would expect that Mark would react to becoming a father by:

a. giving priority to his parenting and family roles

b. intensifying his work efforts to become a better provider

c. ignoring his parenting responsibilities and spending more time with his male friends

d. assuming the majority of household and childcare responsibilities

Module: 13.3.1: The Transition to Parenthood

Learning Objective 13.3

Analyze It

Difficult

Rationale: While there are diverse reactions to the birth of a first child, women characteristically adjust their lifestyles to give priority to parenting and family roles. Men, on the other hand, more often intensify their work efforts to become better or more stable providers.

13.54. When Mark and Jill had their first child, they had different reactions to parenthood. If their adjustment is typical of most new parents, you would expect that Jill would react to becoming a mother by:

a. giving priority to her parenting and family roles

b. intensifying her work efforts to become a better provider

c. ignoring her parenting responsibilities and spending more time with her female friends

d. assigning the majority of household and childcare responsibilities to Mark

Module: 13.3.1: The Transition to Parenthood

Learning Objective 13.3

Analyze It

Difficult

Rationale: While there are diverse reactions to the birth of a first child, women characteristically adjust their lifestyles to give priority to parenting and family roles.

13.55. Ned and Barb are expecting their first child and are concerned about how well they will adjust to their parenting roles. According to research described in the text, all of the following are important factors in determining how they will adjust EXCEPT:

a. happiness in the marriage during pregnancy

b. self-esteem of the parents

c. the baby’s characteristics and temperament

d. in which region of the country they live

Module: 13.3.1: The Transition to Parenthood

Learning Objective 13.3

Analyze It

Moderate

Rationale: The text specifically notes that marital happiness, parental self-esteem, and the baby’s temperament (whether the baby is “difficult”) are all factors that influence how parents will adjust to their new roles.

13.56. According to the text, when does the image-making stage of parenthood, during which parents create an image of the kind of parents they will be, occur:

a. from conception to birth

b. birth to 2 years

c. 2 years to 5 years

d. middle childhood

Module: 13.3.2: Coping With Children’s Developmental Stages

Learning Objective 13.3

Understand the Concept

Moderate

13.57. The period from birth to age 2 corresponds to which stage of parenthood?

a. nurturing, in which parents become attached to the child

b. authority, in which parents evaluate their parenting style

c. departure, in which parents evaluate their successes and failures as parents

d. image making, in which parents create an image of the kind of parents they will be

Module: 13.3.2: Coping With Children’s Developmental Stages

Learning Objective 13.3

Understand the Concept

Moderate

13.58. The period of parenthood when children are between the ages of 6 and 12 corresponds to which stage of parenthood?

a. interpretive, in which parents continue to evaluate their style of parenting

b. nurturing, in which parents learn to balance their family, personal, and professional lives

c. departure, in which parents evaluate their successes and failures as parents

d. image making, in which parents create an image of the kind of parents they will be

Module: 13.3.2: Coping With Children’s Developmental Stages

Learning Objective 13.3

Understand the Concept

Moderate

13.59. As a new parent, Leanne is trying to find a balance between the time she gives to her husband, her daughter, and her business. According to the text, Leanne is in which of the following stages of parenthood?

a. image-making stage

b. interpretive stage

c. nurturing stage

d. authority stage

Module: 13.3.2: Coping With Children’s Developmental Stages

Learning Objective 13.3

Analyze It

Difficult

Rationale: Table 13.3 highlights the stages of parenthood. According to the table, the nurturing stage is the time when parents become attached to the child and learn to balance their commitments to family versus personal and professional life.

13.60. Among all families with children in 2015, what percentage were single-parent families headed by a single mother?

a. 27%

b. 17%

c. 13%

d. 8%

Module: 13.3.3: Single Parenthood

Learning Objective 13.3

Understand the Concept

Moderate

13.61. In comparison to the percent of families with children that were headed by single women in the 1970, the percent headed by single women in 2015 was:

a. slightly less

b. about the same

c. slightly more

d. substantially more

Module: 13.3.3: Single Parenthood

Learning Objective 13.3

Analyze It

Difficult

Rationale: Figure 13.7 notes that in 1970, 10.8% of families with children were headed by a single mother, a percentage that had increased to 23.1% in 2015. This means that the percent of families headed by single women more than doubled during this span of time – a substantial increase.

13.62. Among all families with children in 2015, what percentage were single-parent families headed by a single father?

a. 0.5%

b. 1%

c. 3.7%

d. 12.6%

Module: 13.3.3: Single Parenthood

Learning Objective 13.3

Understand the Concept

Moderate

13.63. According to the text, in 2014, about ____ of all births were to unmarried women.

a. 5%

b. 10%

c. 21%

d. 44%

Module: 13.3.3: Single Parenthood

Learning Objective 13.3

Understand the Concept

Moderate

13.64. According to the text, in 2014, about ____ of all births to black women were to black women who were unmarried.

a. 15%

b. 29%

c. 46%

d. 62%

Module: 13.3.3: Single Parenthood

Learning Objective 13.3

Understand the Concept

Moderate

13.65. In comparison to the percent of two-parent families in the United States living in poverty today, the percent of single-parent families headed by a father living in poverty is:

a. slightly lower

b. about the same

c. about 10% higher

d. nearly twice as high

Module: 13.3.3: Single Parenthood

Learning Objective 13.3

Analyze It

Difficult

Rationale: A figure in the text shows that in all racial/ethnic groups the percent of father-headed single-parent families in poverty is lower than the two-parent families in most cases by half or more.

13.66. Which of the following families is most likely to live below the poverty line?

a. two-parent black families

b. single-mother Hispanic families

c. single-father white families

d. single-mother white families

Module: 13.3.3: Single Parenthood

Learning Objective 13.3

Analyze It

Difficult

Rationale: A figure in the text shows that single-mother families are more likely to live in poverty than single-father or two-parent families in all racial/ethnic groups, but single-mother black, Hispanic, and American Indian families are especially likely to be economically poor.

13.67. According to the U.S. census in 2014, what percent of black families with children under the age of 18 were headed by a single parent?

a. 16%

b. 29%

c. 47%

d. 66%

Module: 13.3.3: Single Parenthood

Learning Objective 13.3

Understand the Concept

Moderate

13.68. In 1996, the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program was replaced by:

a. the AFDC-2

b. the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA)

c. Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA)

d. nothing; this act was cancelled and not replaced with any program that provides government assistance to families with children that are living in poverty

Module: 13.3.3: Single Parenthood

Learning Objective 13.3

Understand the Concept

Easy

13.69. Generalizing from the text, you should note that the primary goal of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) was to:

a. reduce the cycle of generations of poverty, where children of impoverished families are also likely to become impoverished as parents

b. increase funding to low-income day-care centers so children raised in impoverished families will have a “head start”

c. provide incentives to employers to hire single parents

d. raise the minimum wage

Module: 13.3.3: Single Parenthood

Learning Objective 13.3

Evaluate It

Moderate

Rationale: The intent of the PRWORA was to transform public assistance into a system that helps mothers on welfare become independent, self-sufficient workers instead of being a program that encourages them to be dependent, passive aid recipients who tend to pass their dependency along to the next generation.

The Occupational Cycle

Learning Objective 13.4: Evaluate influences on the occupational cycle

13.70. Suppose that Dr. Robins is interested in how people learn about and choose the jobs they hold in their lives. He decides to study a cohort of children, asking them what they think about different jobs, and then follows these children as they grow into adults, studying how they choose jobs and adjust to job demands. The topic of study that best describes Dr. Robins work is:

a. career counseling

b. industrial psychology

c. the occupational cycle

d. the “person-job fit” theory of careers

Module: 13.4: The Occupational Cycle

Learning Objective 13.4

Apply What You Know

Difficult

Rationale: An adult’s working life follows what is called the occupational cycle, which is a variable sequence of periods or stages in a worker’s life.

13.71. According to the work of Robert Havighurst, most people begin to consider their choice of careers in which of the following periods of the lifespan?

a. childhood

b. adolescence

c. emerging adulthood

d. early adulthood

Module: 13.4.1: Stages of Occupational Life

Learning Objective 13.4

Analyze It

Moderate

Rationale: According to Table 13.4, which describes the stages in Havighurst’s model, children ages 5 to 10 identify with working fathers and mothers and the idea of working enters their self-concept.

13.72. Seventeen-year-old Kaori has decided that she wants to become a medical doctor. She is in which of the following stages, according to Havighurst’s theory of career development?

a. identifying with a worker

b. acquiring basic habits of inductor

c. acquiring an identity as a worker

d. maintaining a productive society

Module: 13.4.1: Stages of Occupational Life

Learning Objective 13.4

Evaluate It

Difficult

Rationale: According to Table 13.4, which describes the stages in Havighurst’s model, people from ages 15 through 25 choose a career and begin to prepare for it. This stage is referred to acquiring an identity as a worker.

13.73. Seventh-grader Paul learns to organize his time so that he can complete his daily homework assignments, practice on the soccer team after school, and do his chores at home. According to Havighurst, Paul is in which of the following stages of career development?

a. identifying with a worker

b. acquiring the basic habits of industry

c. acquiring an identity as a worker

d. becoming a productive person

Module: 13.4.1: Stages of Occupational Life

Learning Objective 13.4

Evaluate It

Difficult

Rationale: According to Table 13.4, which describes the stages in Havighurst’s model, the stage called acquiring the basic habits of industry refers to the stage in which students ages 10 to 15 learn to organize their time and efforts and learn to give work priority over play when necessary.

13.74. The stage of Havighurst’s model of vocational life in which the idea of working enters into a person’s self-concept is the stage of:

a. acquiring the basic habits of industry

b. acquiring an identity as a worker

c. identification with a worker

d. contemplating a productive/responsible life

Module: 13.4.1: Stages of Occupational Life

Learning Objective 13.4

Evaluate It

Difficult

Rationale: According to Table 13.4, which describes the stages in Havighurst’s model, the stage called identification with a worker refers to the stage in which children ages 5 to 10 identify with working fathers and mothers and the idea of working enters their self-concept.

13.75. After graduating from high school, Dave took a summer job in construction, and then in the fall, began taking business courses at the community college. He is considering starting his own construction business, and hopes that these experiences will help him choose and get started in his career. According to the theory of vocational development proposed by Havighurst, which of the following stages of vocational life is Dave in?

a. identifying with a worker

b. acquiring the basic habits of industry

c. acquiring an identity as a worker

d. becoming a productive person

Module: 13.4.1: Stages of Occupational Life

Learning Objective 13.4

Evaluate It

Difficult

13.76. According to the distinction between formal and informal preparation for work, which of the following would most likely be considered a FORMAL method of job preparation?

a. participating in an on-the-job training program

b. listening to parent’s opinions about the kind of work that is most rewarding

c. learning about the importance of showing up for work by observing one’s parents

d. watching TV shows about doctors and nurses and using the shows to find out what these jobs entail

Module: 13.4.2: Gaining a Place in the Workforce

Learning Objective 13.4

Analyze It

Moderate

Rationale: Formal occupational preparation includes structured learning in high school, vocational-training programs, college, as well as on-the-job training.

13.77. Learning that one’s expectations about work are unrealistic and that one’s training is inadequate is most likely to lead to which of the following?

a. reality shock

b. self-actualization

c. emotional independence

d. the mentoring relationship

Module: 13.4.2: Gaining a Place in the Workforce

Learning Objective 13.4

Evaluate It

Moderate

Rationale: When young adults start working, they may experience what could be termed reality shock. During adolescence and the preparation for a career, people often have high expectations about what their work will be like and what they will accomplish. When the training ends and the job begins, novices often quickly learn that some of their expectations were unrealistic.

13.78. Jake starts his first job as a firefighter and is very disappointed that it is much less glamorous and exciting than he thought it would be. Jake’s experience is best considered an example of:

a. mentoring

b. reality shock

c. person-job-fit errors

d. the first stage of the occupational cycle

Module: 13.4.2: Gaining a Place in the Workforce

Learning Objective 13.4

Evaluate It

Moderate

13.79. Janet can’t wait to begin her first job as a hair stylist because she thinks it will be exciting and fulfilling to help people become more attractive. However, after 2 months on the job, she is disappointed and disillusioned about how unappreciative her customers are. Janet’s experience is best considered to be an example of:

a. mentoring

b. the first stage of the occupational cycle

c. the last stage of the occupational cycle

d. reality shock

Module: 13.4.2: Gaining a Place in the Workforce

Learning Objective 13.4

Evaluate It

Moderate

13.80. Velma is astonished at how political her new job is, and she is struggling to meet her boss’s expectations. Velma tells her husband that she had no idea about how hard this new job would be. Her response is best considered to be an example of:

a. poor mentoring

b. the first stage of the occupational cycle

c. the last stage of the occupational cycle

d. reality shock

Module: 13.4.2: Gaining a Place in the Workforce

Learning Objective 13.4

Evaluate It

Moderate

13.81. Which of the following is the most accurate statement about mentors?

a. More female executives than male executives have mentors.

b. In most companies, there are more mentors than are needed.

c. Mentors typically provide connections but no job training.

d. Mentors typically serve as models for social and work-related behavior.

Module: 13.4.2: Gaining a Place in the Workforce

Learning Objective 13.4

Evaluate It

Moderate

Rationale: Mentors perform teaching and training roles, sponsor the young workers’ advancement, serve as models for social behavior, as well as work-related behavior. The book notes that women in high-level and technical careers sometimes have difficulty finding mentors.

13.82. According to the text, which of the following fields has emerged to help people select jobs that will be a good match for their interest?

a. occupational therapy

b. work-study

c. clinical psychology

d. career counseling

Module: 13.4.3: Careers and Career Choices

Learning Objective 13.4

Understand the Concept

Easy

13.83. If Robbie wants to train for a position that will involve helping others find the jobs that best match their talents and interested, Robbie would be best advised to enter a graduate program in:

a. occupational therapy

b. clinical psychology

c. career counseling

d. industrial psychology

Module: 13.4.3: Careers and Career Choices

Learning Objective 13.4

Evaluate It

Moderate

Rationale: Career counseling is a field that attempts to match the talents and interests of individuals to the characteristics of a job.

13.84. Which of the following is NOT one of Holland’s six career-related personality types?

a. realistic

b. bored

c. social

d. enterprising

Module: 13.4.3: Careers and Career Choices

Learning Objective 13.4

Analyze It

Moderate

Rationale: Holland’s six career types are: Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional.

13.85. Jeremy has several characteristics that might influence his choice of career. He is creative, introspective, and independent. According to Holland’s theory of careers, which of the following careers would best suit Jeremy?

a. priest

b. statistician

c. reporter

d. beautician

Module: 13.4.3: Careers and Career Choices

Learning Objective 13.4

Evaluate It

Difficult

Rationale: According to Table 13.5, the artistic career-related personality type is unconventional, creative, introspective, and independent; the representative career listed is that of a reporter.

13.86. According to Holland’s theory of careers, a person who is popular, self-confident, and who possesses a high level of energy and verbal skills would fit best into which of the following personality types?

a. realistic

b. enterprising

c. social

d. conventional

Module: 13.4.3: Careers and Career Choices

Learning Objective 13.4

Evaluate It

Difficult

Rationale: Table 13.5 describes Holland’s career-related personality types. According to this table, a person with the personal characteristics listed would be described as enterprising.

13.87. According to Holland’s theory of careers, a person who is practical, physically strong, and who has excellent hand-eye coordination and motor skills would fit best into which of the following personality types?

a. realistic

b. enterprising

c. social

d. conventional

Module: 13.4.3: Careers and Career Choices

Learning Objective 13.4

Evaluate It

Moderate

Rationale: Table 13.5 describes Holland’s career-related personality types. According to this table, a person with the personal characteristics listed would be described as realistic.

13.88. According to Holland’s theory of careers, which of the following matches of personality type and career is the BEST?

a. realistic–secretary

b. enterprising–reporter

c. artistic–realtor

d. social–public health nurse

Module: 13.4.3: Careers and Career Choices

Learning Objective 13.4

Analyze It

Difficult

Rationale: Table 13.5 describes Holland’s career-related personality types and representative careers. The representative career given for the social personality types is public health nurse.

13.89. According to Holland’s theory of careers, which of the following matches of personality type and career is the WORST?

a. realistic–realtor

b. conventional–secretary

c. artistic–reporter

d. social–public health nurse

Module: 13.4.3: Careers and Career Choices

Learning Objective 13.4

Analyze It

Difficult

Rationale: Table 13.5 describes Holland’s career-related personality types and representative careers. Each of the options matches the representative career given in the text with the corresponding personality type except for the realistic personality type. In this personality type, a person is robust, practical, has good motor skills and is physically strong and active. The representative career listed, carpenter, is very different from that of a realtor.

13.90. In Holland’s theory of careers, people are encouraged to choose an occupation based on:

a. how much income potential the job has

b. how much income they believe they need to be happy

c. whether their personality characteristics match the job’s requirements

d. how much education or training the job requires and how intelligent they are

Module: 13.4.3: Careers and Career Choices

Learning Objective 13.4

Evaluate It

Moderate

Rationale: One method that is sometimes used by career counselors is to classify jobs into categories that represent different types of work and to attempt to match these jobs to an individual’s personality style. The most widely used method of job matching is based on Holland’s theory.

13.91. Statistically, women are overrepresented in all of the following jobs EXCEPT:

a. nurses

b. bus drivers

c. elementary school teachers

d. social workers

Module: 13.4.4: Occupational Choice and Preparation

Learning Objective 13.4

Analyze It

Moderate

Rationale: Table 13-6 shows the representation of women in a variety of occupations. Eighty-nine percent of nurses, 97% of elementary preschool school teachers, and 84% of social workers are women, whereas the job of bus driver is equally distributed among men and women (47% are women).

13.92. Statistically, women are underrepresented in all of the following jobs EXCEPT:

a. bookkeepers

b. architects

c. civil engineers

d. social workers

Module: 13.4.4: Occupational Choice and Preparation

Learning Objective 13.4

Analyze It

Moderate

Rationale: Table 13.6 shows the representation of women in a variety of occupations. Twenty-six percent of architects, 13% of civil engineers, and 34% of janitors are women, whereas 84% of social workers are women.

13.93. The two reasons the text suggests to explain why women are underrepresented in the more highly paid professions are:

a. discrimination in the workplace and that women sometimes make early choices that limit their later career options

b. they lack “toughness” in making hard decisions and they are more nurturing

c. they do not have as much mathematical aptitude and they are more nurturing

d. they lack “toughness” in making hard decisions and they sometimes make early choices that limit their later career options

Module: 13.4.4: Occupational Choice and Preparation

Learning Objective 13.4

Understand the Concept

Moderate

Work and Gender

Learning Objective 13.5: Analyze how women experience work in the United States

13.94. According to the text, about what percent of U. S. women age 16 and older today are in the labor force?

a. 38–39%

b. 59–60%

c. 78–79%

d. 92–93%

Module: 13.5.1: Changes in Women’s Work Patterns

Learning Objective 13.5

Understand the Concept

Easy

13.95. Generalizing from the text, during which of the following years should you expect the percent of women in the workforce to be at the lowest point?

a. 1943

b. 1958

c. 1980

d. 2009

Module: 13.5.1: Changes in Women's Work Patterns

Learning Objective 13.5

Analyze It

Difficult

Rationale: During WW II, the percent of women in the workforce was high, due to women taking on men’s jobs while they were at war. Following WW II, women left the labor force as men returned home to take over their former jobs and in 1950, about 1 in 3 women were in the workforce. Women began re-entering the workforce in large proportion in the 1970s, and the text notes, the labor participation rate for women has been fairly steady since then.

13.96. According to the text, in 1950, about ____ of women in the United States were in the workforce; today about ____ of U.S. women are in the labor force.

a. 33%; 60%

b. 55%; 75%

c. 25%; 75%

d. 55%; 60%

Module: 13.5.1: Changes in Women's Work Patterns

Learning Objective 13.5

Apply What You Know

Moderate

Rationale: The text notes that from the period between 1950 and today, labor force participation rates

for women increased from about 33% to just under 60%.

13.97. Today in the United States, about of workers in the labor force are women.

a. 39%

b. 44%

c. 51%

d. 54%

Module: 13.5.1: Changes in Women's Work Patterns

Learning Objective 13.5

Understand the Concept

Moderate

13.98. The increase in the proportion of women in the U.S. workforce since the 1950s has been most dramatic for women in which of the following groups?

a. African American women

b. white women

c. Hispanic American women

d. None of the other answers are correct because changes in labor force participation rates for African American, white, and Hispanic American women have been nearly the same.

Module: 13.5.1: Changes in Women's Work Patterns

Learning Objective 13.5

Understand the Concept

Moderate

13.99. Generalizing from the text, if you were to quote a general figure for the size of the increase in the number of women in the professions today as compared to 20 years ago, the best estimate you could give would be that women today are about ______ likely to work in the professions.

a. equally

b. two to three times more

c. five to six times more

d. eight to ten times more

Module: 13.5.1: Changes in Women's Work Patterns

Learning Objective 13.5

Apply What You Know

Moderate

Rationale: According to the text, in the United States today, the percentage of women in the professions is generally two to three times higher than they were two decades ago.

13.100. According to the text, if you were to advise a young woman about the proportion of women working in the professions today, you would be most accurate if you told her that there is the highest percentage of women working in which of the following occupational groups?

a. lawyers

b. psychologists

c. physicians

d. surgeons

Module: 13.5.1: Changes in Women’s Work Patterns

Learning Objective 13.5

Apply What You Know

Moderate

Rationale: The text notes that women make up about a third of lawyers, physicians, and surgeons and two-thirds of psychologists.

13.101. In the United States today, on average women make about _____ for every dollar earned by a man.

a. $0.50

b. $0.79

c. $0.95

d. $1.05

Module: 13.5.1: Changes in Women’s Work Patterns

Learning Objective 13.5

Understand the Concept

Easy

13.102. In comparison to their male counterparts, women in which of the groups make the LEAST amount of money?

a. African American women

b. White women

c. Hispanic American women

d. None of the other answers are correct because African American, white, and Hispanic American women all make about the same percentage of the average male income within their racial ethnic group.

Module: 13.5.1: Changes in Women's Work Patterns

Learning Objective 13.5

Understand the Concept

Moderate

a. for personal fulfillment

b. for intellectual stimulation

c. because my family expects me to

d. for financial necessity

Module: 13.5.2: The Many Meanings of Work

Learning Objective 13.5

Apply What You Know

Moderate

Rationale: The primary reason that women work is out of economic necessity. Single mothers are often the sole source of income for their families; even many married couples could not make ends meet without income from both spouses.

13.104. According to research presented in the text, compared to women who don’t work outside the home, women who do work are psychologically ______ healthy and this trend is stronger for women who work because _______________.

a. less; their families need the money

b. more; their families need the money

c. less; they enjoy their job

d. more; they enjoy their job

Module: 13.5.2: The Many Meanings of Work

Learning Objective 13.5

Apply What You Know

Moderate

Rationale: The text notes that working women tend to be both physically and psychologically healthier than nonworking women. Women who enjoy their work benefit more from the multiple roles they take on; this may be one reason that professional women actually gain more physical and psychological benefits from their work than do clerical workers, despite the greater responsibilities and stresses of their jobs.

13.105. According to the text, when women take on multiple roles, such as working and raising a family, what impact does this typically have on their mental health?

a. Their mental health typically improves.

b. Their mental healthy typically suffers.

c. Their mental health typically improves if they enjoy their job but it declines if they do not enjoy their job.

d. Their mental health typically improves if they have a supportive spouse but declines if they are a single parent.

Module: 13.5.2: The Many Meanings of Work

Learning Objective 13.5

Apply What You Know

Moderate

Rationale: As noted in the text, taking on multiple roles has been shown to contribute to, not detract from, mental health.

13.106. In comparison to how men typically proceed through their career trajectories, the word(s) that best describes how women progress would be:

a. unhappier

b. steadier

c. faster

d. more variable

Module: 13.5.3: The Role of Women in Careers

Learning Objective 13.5

Evaluate It

Moderate

Rationale: As the text notes, women who work outside the home do not necessarily follow the same type of career patterns that are typical for men. Instead they follow a variety of patterns.

13.107. In choosing a career, a woman is more likely than a man to emphasize the importance of:

a. money

b. power

c. flexibility

d. intrinsic rewards

Module: 13.5.3: The Role of Women in Careers

Learning Objective 13.5

Apply What You Know

Moderate

Rationale: Women are more like than men to choose occupations that allow for more flexibility.

13.108. According to the text, which of the following statements is most accurate about women who work in traditionally male professions?

a. They are very similar to men pursuing the same career.

b. They are less willing than men to take risks.

c. They are less willing than men to make sacrifices for their career.

d. They are more focused on family than are men.

Module: 13.5.3: The Role of Women in Careers

Learning Objective 13.5

Apply What You Know

Moderate

Rationale: Women in traditionally male professions, such as business, law, and medicine, have career plans that are very similar to those of men pursuing the same careers.

13.109. According to the text, which of the following types of household is now the norm in the United States?

a. single-earner households headed by a woman

b. single-earner households headed by a man

c. dual-earner households

d. multiple-earner households with 3 or more people in the family working

Module: 13.5.4: The Dynamics of Dual-Earner Couples

Learning Objective 13.5

Understand the Concept

Easy

13.110. If Alice and Arthur are a typical married couple who both work full-time, compared to Arthur, Alice will do _______ of the daily housework.

a. slightly less

b. an equal amount

c. two to three times more

d. ten times more

Module: 13.5.4: The Dynamics of Dual-Earner Couples

Learning Objective 13.5

Apply What You Know

Moderate

Rationale: Studies have shown that even when both spouses are employed full-time, wives continue to

do two to three times more of the daily housework than their husbands.

13.111. Generalizing from research described in the text, if you were to study couples in dual-earner families, you would expect to find the highest levels of stress for people in which of the following groups?

a. men in professional-level jobs

b. men in working-class jobs

c. women in professional-level jobs

d. women in working-class jobs

Module: 13.5.4: The Dynamics of Dual-Earner Couples

Learning Objective 13.5

Analyze It

Difficult

Rationale: Both men and women experience role conflicts stemming from job demands, work hours, family and work-scheduling conflicts, and family crises. Although both men and women in dual-earner couples experience these conflicts, women typically report higher levels of conflict between work and family roles. The role conflict experienced by professional women is particularly acute when they work long hours and are under time pressures.

13.112. Generalizing from research described in the text, about what percent of the adults in dual-earner families would you expect to report being “uncomfortable” about the wife’s working outside the home?

a. about 5%

b. about 20%

c. about 40%

d. about 70%

Module: 13.5.4: The Dynamics of Dual-Earner Couples

Learning Objective 13.5

Analyze It

Difficult

Rationale: In one study cited in the text, 78% of the men and 65% of the women recognized the necessity of the wives’ income, but they were uncomfortable about it.

13.113. In 2015, how many weeks of unpaid family leave were companies required to give their employees (both male and female) by federal law?

a. 0 weeks; companies are not required by law to provide unpaid family leave

b. 2 weeks

c. 4 weeks

d. 12 weeks

Module: 13.5.4: The Dynamics of Dual-Earner Couples

Learning Objective 13.5

Understand the Concept

Easy

Changing Perspectives: Living Together or Living Alone

13.114. In the United States today, about what percent of young people ages 18–24 live at home with one or more parents?

a. 10%

b. 33%

c. 50%

d. 75%

Module: 13.2.4: Staying Single

Learning Objective 13.2

Understand the Concept

Moderate

13.115. Generalizing from statistics reported in the text, you should conclude that the percentages of young adults in which of the following groups changes the MOST between the ages of 24 and 35?

a. percent who live with a roommate

b. percent who live with their spouse

c. percent who live alone

d. percent who live with a partner

Module: 13.2.4: Staying Single

Learning Objective 13.2

Moderate

Rationale: A figure in the text displays statistics that show that, although the percent of young adults who live with a spouse increase dramatically during young adulthood, the percent who live alone, who live with a partner, or who live in another arrangement changes only slightly.

13.116. Compared to previous decades, the average age at which people in the United States marry today has

________ for men and _________ for women.

a. increased; increased

b. decreased; decreased

c. increased; decreased

d. decreased; increased

Module: 13.2.4: Staying Single

Learning Objective 13.2

Understand the Concept

Easy

13.117. In the United States today, about what percent of unmarried young adults between the ages of 25 and 34 live either with others who are not their spouse or with their parents?

a. 5%

b. 15%

c. 33%

d. 67%

Module: 13.2.4: Staying Single

Learning Objective 13.2

Analyze It

Difficult

Rationale: A figure in the text shows that about one-third of young adults ages 25–34 live with a partner who is not a spouse or in another living arrangement.

13.118 Generalizing from statistics reported in the text, which of the following people would be expected to spend the most money on alcohol and luxury items?

a. Maggie, who lives alone

b. Lucy, who lives with a roommate

c. Babs, who is married and lives with her husband

d. None of the others answers is correct because spending habits are unrelated to housing arrangements

Module: 13.2.4: Staying Single

Learning Objective 13.2

Apply What You Know

Moderate

Rationale: According to the text, single people who live alone spend more on alcohol ($314 per year compared to $181), as well as on reading materials, health care, and tobacco products: They also are more likely to buy themselves luxuries, even in the face of a declining economy, than are married people and those who live with roommates.

Current Issues: Juggling Work and Family Roles—The Special Challenge for Low-Income, Dual-Career Couples

13.119. According to a study by Perry-Jenkins on working-class, dual-income couples, about what percent of these families include an adult who works during “off-shift” hours (not in the 8-to-5 traditional shift) ?

a. about 10%

b. about 33%

c. about 60%

d. about 85%

Module: 13.5.4: The Dynamics of Dual-Earner Couples

Learning Objective 13.5

Understand the Concept

Moderate

13.120. If adults in working-class, dual-income household choose to work in “off-shift” schedules, the reason usually is:

a. more money

b. less stress on the spouse

c. less stress on the off-shift worker

d. less need for childcare outside the home

Module: 13.5.4: The Dynamics of Dual-Earner Couples

Learning Objective 13.5

Understand the Concept

Moderate

13.121. Suppose you study a group of working-class, dual-income couples who have just had a baby. In all of these families, one of the parents agrees to work “off-shift” in hours different from the traditional 8-to-5 workday. Generalizing from research described in the text, in the first year of your study, you would expect to see that the off-shift work was especially difficult for _______ and in the third year of your study, you would expect to observe that off-shift work was especially difficult for ___________.

a. both parents; the mother

b. both parents; the father

c. the mother; both parents

d. the father; both parents

Module: 13.5.4: The Dynamics of Dual-Earner Couples

Learning Objective 13.5

Evaluate It

Difficult

Rationale: According to a study cited in the text, in the early stages of parenting when children are young, off-shift work was more detrimental to maternal health and well-being than to paternal health. Mothers working off-shifts got less sleep and had more difficulty juggling baby care with work demands, and they were more often depressed than those on regular work schedules. A year later, shift work for either the mother or father typically began to interfere with the couple’s relationship with each other—wives reported less marital love. By the second year of shift work, fathers also were reporting less marital love.

Short Answer questions:

Self, Family, and Work

Learning Objective 13.1: Explain how social contexts affect the process of self-actualization

13.122. Give an example of how the “self as a worker” might interact with the “self as a family member” and the “self as an individual.”

Module: 13.1

Learning Objective 13.1

Apply What You Know

Moderate

13.123. What is self-actualization? According to Maslow’s theory, what must individuals accomplish before they can become self-actualized?

Module: 13.1.1: The Personal Self

Learning Objective 13.1

Apply What You Know

Moderate

13.124. In what ways are the concepts of “self-actualization” and “flow” alike?

Module: 13.1.1: The Personal Self

Learning Objective 13.1

Evaluate It

Difficult

13.125. Give an example of how parents might impose conditions of worth on their child. Give an example of how parents could create a climate of unconditional positive regard.

Module: 13.1.1: The Personal Self

Learning Objective 13.1

Apply What You Know

Moderate

13.126. Identify three different types of independence that are achieved as people move through young adulthood and give an example of each of these.

Module: 13.1.2: Self as Family Member

Learning Objective 13.1

Apply What You Know

Moderate

13.127. Give two examples of extrinsic job factors and two examples of intrinsic job factors. Which are more important in determining job satisfaction, intrinsic or extrinsic factors?

Module: 13.1.3: Self as Worker

Learning Objective 13.1

Evaluate It

Difficult

Forming Close Relationships

Learning Objective 13.2: Assess how cultural and personal values affect adult relationships

13.128. Describe what it means to say that adult friendships are characterized by reciprocity and mutuality.

Module: 13.2

Learning Objective 13.2

Apply What You Know

Moderate

13.129. Describe what happens in each of the three stages of courtship, according to stimulus-value-role theory.

Module: 13.2.1: Couple Formation and Development

Learning Objective 13.2

Analyze It

Moderate

13.130. Explain the difference between companionate love and romantic love, as described by Robert Sternberg.

Module: 13.2.1: Couple Formation and Development

Learning Objective 13.2

Evaluate It

Moderate

13.131. Explain the difference between intimacy and passion, as described by Robert Sternberg.

Module: 13.2.1: Couple Formation and Development

Learning Objective 13.2

Evaluate It

Moderate

13.132. Give two examples of how culture defines what is an “appropriate” marriage in the United States today. How have such definitions been changing in U. S. culture over the past three decades?

Module: 13.2.2: Marriage

Learning Objective 13.2

Evaluate It

Moderate

13.133. Are marriages between same-sex couples similar to, or different from, marriages between heterosexual couples? Cite evidence to support your answer.

Module: 13.2.2: Marriage

Learning Objective 13.2

Evaluate It

Difficult

13.134. Describe how attitudes about same-sex marriages changing in the United States.

Module: 13.2.2: Marriage

Learning Objective 13.2

Apply What You Know

Moderate

13.135. Cite three ways that cohabiting couples are different from married couples, with respect to their happiness and adjustment.

Module: 13.2.3: Cohabitation

Learning Objective 13.2

Apply What You Know

Moderate

13.136. Describe how the percentage of adults who remain “single” has changed throughout the last 100 years in the United States. Do rates appear to be increasing or decreasing at the present time?

Module: 13.2.4: Staying Single

Learning Objective 13.2

Analyze It

Moderate

The Family Life Cycle and Adult Development

Learning Objective 13.3: Relate parenthood to adult development

13.137. Compare and contrast how women and men typically deal with first-time parenthood.

Module: 13.3.1: The Transition to Parenthood

Learning Objective 13.3

Analyze It

Moderate

13.138. Describe the stages that most parents go through, as they raise their child in the period from conception to adulthood.

Module: 13.3.1: The Transition to Parenthood

Learning Objective 13.3

Apply What You Know

Moderate

13.139. Comment on the accuracy of the following statement: If a parent has a hard time with a child in early childhood, those difficulties will most likely become worse as the child grows up.

Module: 13.3.2: Coping With Children’s Developmental Stages

Learning Objective 13.3

Evaluate It

Moderate

13.140. Identify how the role of the typical single mother is similar to, and different from, the role of typical single father.

Module: 13.3.3: Single Parenthood

Learning Objective 13.3

Analyze It

Moderate

13.141. In comparison to the Aid to Families With Dependent Children program, how is the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act different?

Module: 13.3.3: Single Parenthood

Learning Objective 13.3

Evaluate It

Moderate

13.142. What are two substantial problems associated with the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, in terms of the problems it poses for low-income mothers and their children?

Module: 13.3.3: Single Parenthood

Learning Objective 13.3

Evaluate It

Moderate

The Occupational Cycle

Learning Objective 13.4: Evaluate influences on the occupational cycle

13.143. Describe the main features of Robert Havighurst’s developmental model of the career cycle.

Module: 13.4.1: Stages of Occupational Life

Learning Objective 13.4

Apply What You Know

Moderate

13.144. How are most careers today different from the way that Havighurst conceptualized career development when he proposed his model?

Module: 13.4.1: Stages of Occupational Life

Learning Objective 13.4

Evaluate It

Difficult

13.145. Suppose that 14-year-old Maria decided that she wanted to become a nurse. Identify two formal and two informal steps she could take to help her prepare for this career.

Module: 13.4.2: Gaining a Place in the Workforce

Learning Objective 13.4

Analyze It

Moderate

13.146. Describe three specific things that a mentor can do to help a younger associate progress successfully along his or her career path.

Module: 13.4.2: Gaining a Place in the Workforce

Learning Objective 13.4

Apply What You Know

Moderate

13.147. Why do women sometimes have a harder time finding a mentor than men do?

Module: 13.4.2: Gaining a Place in the Workforce

Learning Objective 13.4

Evaluate It

Moderate

13.148. Describe why Holland’s theory of careers is sometimes called a “person-job fit” model. How does this theory suggest that people should be matched to jobs?

Module: 13.4.3: Careers and Career Choices

Learning Objective 13.4

Analyze It

Moderate

13.149. Cite two reasons why women are underrepresented in high-paying careers.

Module: 13.4.4: Occupational Choice and Preparation

Learning Objective 13.4

Analyze It

Moderate

Work and Gender

Learning Objective 13.5: Analyze how women experience work in the United States

13.150. Consider four time periods in U.S. history: during WW II, the 1950s (just after WW II), the 1970s, and the present day. How has the percentage of women in the labor forced differed in these four different periods?

Module: 13.5.1: Changes in Women’s Work Patterns

Learning Objective 13.5

Apply What You Know

Moderate

13.151. Describe two reasons why women in the United States today make about $.79 for every $1.00 earned by men.

Module: 13.5.1: Changes in Women’s Work Patterns

Learning Objective 13.5

Analyze It

Moderate

13.152 How does taking on multiple roles associated with holding a job while caring for a family typically impact a working woman, both physically and psychologically?

Module: 13.5.2: The Many Meanings of Work

Learning Objective 13.5

Analyze It

Moderate

13.153. Describe two myths about how women compare to men as workers. What is the truth about each of these myths?

Module: 13.5.3: The Role of Women in Careers

Learning Objective 13.5

Apply What You Know

Moderate

13.154. Describe two advantages and one disadvantage associated with typical dual-career families.

Module: 13.5.4: The Dynamics of Dual-Earner Couples

Learning Objective 13.5

Apply What You Know

Moderate

13.155. When both the mother and father in a family work, how are household and childcare responsibilities usually carved up?

Module: 13.5.4: The Dynamics of Dual-Earner Couples

Learning Objective 13.5

Apply What You Know

Moderate

13.156. Identify three ways in which working outside the home can benefit working mothers.

Module: 13.5.4: The Dynamics of Dual-Earner Couples

Learning Objective 13.5

Analyze It

Moderate

Essay questions:

Self, Family, and Work

Learning Objective 13.1: Explain how social contexts affect the process of self-actualization

13.157. Both Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers identified self-actualization as a goal of development. Describe how each theorist envisioned the pursuit of self-actualization, identifying what the individual must do in order to achieve this state. Then comment on how the concept of “flow” relates to the concept of self-actualization.

Module: 13.1.1: The Personal Self

Learning Objective 13.1

Analyze It

Difficult

13.158. Identify three different types of identity and describe what emerging adults must do in order to achieve each type.

Module: 13.1.2: Self as Family Member

Learning Objective 13.1

Apply What You Know

Moderate

13.159. Considering your current role as a student, identify two factors that would be considered to be intrinsic factors that are associated with this role and two factors that would be considered to be extrinsic factors. If the role of being a student is comparable to the role of being a worker, which set of factors—intrinsic or extrinsic—do you think would be more closely associated with your satisfaction in your “student” role?

Module: 13.1.3: Self as Worker

Learning Objective 13.1

Evaluate It

Moderate

13.160. Describe how a job that is challenging, interesting, and involves personal growth can help a person reach a stage of self-actualization.

Module: 13.1.1: The Personal Self; 13.1.3: Self as Worker

Learning Objective 13.1

Evaluate It

Difficult

Forming Close Relationships

Learning Objective 13.2: Assess how cultural and personal values affect adult relationships

13.161. Using Sternberg’s model, describe how does friendship in young adulthood differ from romantic love?

Module: 13.2.1: Couple Formation and Development

Learning Objective 13.2

Evaluate It

Moderate

13.162. Identify and briefly describe Sternberg’s three components of love and then describe how these three components combine to form the four different types of love his theory specifies.

Module: 13.2.1: Couple Formation and Development

Learning Objective 13.2

Apply What You Know

Moderate

13.163. According to Sternberg’s theory of love, identify the form of love that you believe would most likely be involved in the first year of an arranged marriage. Why do you think this form of love would be the most likely to evolve?

Module: 13.2.1: Couple Formation and Development

Learning Objective 3.2

Evaluate It

Difficult

13.164. In a society in which most marriages are arranged by families without regard for the feelings of the bride and groom, do you think Sternberg’s theory of love or the stimulus-value-role theory provides the better explanation for choosing a partner to marry? Explain your answer.

Module: 13.2.1: Couple Formation and Development

Learning Objective 3.2

Evaluate It

Difficult

13.165. Summarize the research on how children raised in homes with same-sex parents fare, compared to children raised in homes with heterosexual parents.

Module: 13.2.2: Marriage

Learning Objective 13.2

Apply What You Know

Moderate

13.166. Considering the past three decades, are cultural definitions and prescriptions about marriage becoming more strict or more flexible? Provide two examples that demonstrate your conclusion.

Module: 13.2.2: Marriage

Learning Objective 13.2

Evaluate It

Difficult

13.167. Describe the population trends regarding cohabitation. What factors seem to be fueling these trends?

Module: 13.2.3: Cohabitation

Learning Objective 3.2

Analyze It

Moderate

13.168. Suppose that James tells his parents that he and his girlfriend are moving in together, and that they plan to marry two years in the future. In light of the research presented in the text, what should James’s parents tell him about how living together might likely affect his marital happiness?

Module: 13.2.3: Cohabitation

Learning Objective 13.2

Analyze It

Moderate

13.169. Whose relationships are gay and lesbian cohabiting couples more like: heterosexual cohabiting couples or heterosexual married couples? Cite specific examples that support your conclusion.

Module: 13.2.3: Cohabitation

Learning Objective 13.2

Apply What You Know

Moderate

13.170. During the past 80 years, when have there been the largest, and the smallest, percentage of the adult population who were single? What social and economic factors are involved in producing a relatively greater, or smaller, percentage of single adults?

Module: 13.2.4: Staying Single

Learning Objective 13.2

Evaluate It

Moderate

13.171. Considering how the percentage of adults who remain “single” has changed during the last 100 years, identify three different social conditions that would likely increase the percentage of “single” versus “married” people at a given point in time in a given society.

Module: 13.2.4: Staying Single

Learning Objective 13.2

Analyze It

Moderate

The Family Life Cycle and Adult Development

Learning Objective 13.3: Relate parenthood to adult development

13.172. How do mothers and fathers typically adjust to the birth of their first child? For whom do you believe the adjustment is greater, mothers or fathers? Explain your answer.

Module: 13.3.1: The Transition to Parenthood

Learning Objective 13.3

Evaluate It

Moderate

13.173. Identify three factors that are associated with successful adjustment to parenthood. How might these factors also be linked to the parenting styles that come to characterize how parents relate to their child?

Module: 13.3.1: The Transition to Parenthood

Learning Objective 13.3

Analyze It

Moderate

13.174. Discuss how the rate of single parenthood has changed over the last several decades. What social forces encourage this rate to increase, rather than to decrease? What social forces would cause the rate to decrease?

Module: 13.3.3: Single Parenthood

Learning Objective 13.3

Analyze It

Moderate

13.175 How are single mothers typically different from single fathers? Which group, single mothers or single fathers, do you think has the harder job in raising children? Why?

Module: 13.3.3: Single Parenthood

Learning Objective 13.3

Evaluate It

Moderate

13.176. How does the experience of being a single-parent mother typically differ from that of being a single-parent father? How are these experiences similar?

Module: 13.3.3: Single Parenthood

Learning Objective 13.3

Evaluate It

Moderate

13.177. Why might the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) actually do little to reverse the welfare and poverty cycle of single parents? What are the two primary challenges it faces in overcoming this cycle of poverty?

Module: 13.3.3: Single Parenthood

Learning Objective 13.3

Evaluate It

Moderate

The Occupational Cycle

Learning Objective 13.4: Evaluate influences on the occupational cycle

13.178. Describe Havighurst’s stages of vocational life. Identify your own vocational stage, according to Havighurst’s model, and provide personal reflections on your involvement with work at this point in your life.

Module: 13.4.1: Stages of Occupational Life

Learning Objective 13.4

Analyze It

Moderate

13.179. Why do many people who enter their first jobs experience reality shock? Discuss three things that young adults can do to reduce the risk of reality shock upon entering their chosen career.

Module: 13.4.2: Gaining a Place in the Workforce

Learning Objective 13.4

Analyze It

Moderate

13.180. Identify three functions that mentors can serve. Do you think mentors are more important for people in more complex, or less complex, jobs? What mentoring functions might be particularly important in jobs of each of these types?

Module: 13.4.2: Gaining a Place in the Workforce

Learning Objective 13,4

Evaluate It

Moderate

13.181. Describe how a career counselor could use Holland’s theory of careers to provide career advice to a client. What should the counselor do, and what kind of advice would the counselor give?

Module: 13.4.3: Careers and Career Choices

Learning Objective 13.4

Evaluate It

Moderate

13.182. Describe two reasons why women and members of some disadvantaged minority groups are overrepresented in lower-paying, lower-status jobs. Do you think social conditions in the United States are changing so that this over-representation will become less in the next decade? Explain the reasoning behind your projection.

Module: 13.4.4: Occupational Choice and Preparation

Learning Objective 13.4

Evaluate It

Difficult

Work and Gender

Learning Objective 13.5: Analyze how women experience work in the United States

13.183. Describe the changing demographics of the workplace with respect to the percentage of white, black, and Hispanic women who are working today, as compared to 1950. Explain why these shifts in the percent of women who work have occurred.

Module: 13.5.1: Changes in Women’s Work Patterns

Learning Objective 13.5

Analyze It

Moderate

13.184. What is the text’s conclusion about the link between managing multiple roles and physical and psychological health? Do you agree that this conclusion is accurate? Why or why not?

Module: 13.5.2: The Many Meanings of Work

Learning Objective 13.5

Evaluate It

Difficult

13.185. What are the primary advantages and disadvantages associated with being a dual-income couple with children?

Module: 13.5.4: The Dynamics of Dual-Earner Couples

Learning Objective 13.5

Analyze It

Moderate

13.186. How do men and women in dual-career families typically split up housework and childcare responsibilities? Who does the most work, and why?

Module: 13.5.4: The Dynamics of Dual-Earner Couples

Learning Objective 13.5

Apply What You Know

Moderate

13.187. In the context of dual-career families, what does the phrase “second shift” refer to? Is there evidence that suggests that the “second shift” is real, or is it imaginary?

Module: 13.5.4: The Dynamics of Dual-Earner Couples

Learning Objective 13.5

Evaluate It

Moderate

13.188. In the United States today, who do you think has the easier time entering a professional career, a man or a woman? Explain your answer by stating facts and statistics that support your point of view.

Module: 13.5.4: The Dynamics of Dual-Earner Couples

Learning Objective 13.5

Evaluate It

Difficult

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Chapter 13 Young Adult Dev – Quiz 1

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Wendy L. Dunn

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