Test Bank 4e Chapter 11 Personality and Sociocultural Development Quick Quiz - Test Bank | Human Development 4e by Wendy L. Dunn. DOCX document preview.
Name____________________________________
Chapter 11—Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: Personality and Sociocultural Development—Quick Quiz 1
1. Making your own judgments and regulating your own behavior is known as what?
a. self-confidence
b. self-efficacy
c. self-regulation
d. self-consciousness
2. Paula is a very good student in high school. When her teachers encourage her to consider attending college, Paula’s response is that she has always assumed that she would get married, raise a family, and be a good mother, just as her mother is. She seems unwilling to really think about another option for her life. According to Marcia, Paula’s identity status is most likely:
a. diffusion
b. identity achievement
c. moratorium
d. foreclosure
3. Jose constantly measures himself against his friends, noting how he is better at some things and not as good at others. This process is called:
a. foreclosure
b. identity diffusion
c. interdependence
d. social comparison
4. According to the text, an adolescent “clique” consists of:
a. a highly cohesive group of 3 to 9 peers
b. a group of any size with whom one shares a particular function or status
c. a reference group that one aspires to emulate
d. 15 to 30 peers that form the set of people with whom one sometimes interacts
5. Generalizing from the text, during the early part of adolescence, the source of most conflicts between teenagers and their parents is which of the following issues?
a. family rules and obligations
b. career choices
c. religious beliefs
d. political beliefs
6. Nancy has just entered her teenage years. Although she was a good student in elementary, school she recently has gotten into trouble at school because she is behaving inappropriately and she does not seem to be able to control herself well enough to get enough sleep and complete her homework. If Nancy’s difficulties are linked to the parenting style of her parents, they would most likely be described as:
a. permissive parents
b. authoritarian parents
c. authoritative parents
d. regressive parents
7. According to statistics reported in the text, what percentage of U. S. teenagers has used alcohol by the end of high school?
a. 30%
b. 55%
c. 70%
d. 92%
8. Statistically, you should expect that delinquency rates would be highest in:
a. poor urban areas
b. poor rural areas
c. rich urban areas
d. rich rural areas
9. Which of the following has been shown to be the strongest predictor of depression in male and female adolescents:
a. use of marijuana
b. use of alcohol
c. being sexually abused
d. having low self-esteem
10. Which of the following is NOT one of the risk factors commonly associated with adolescent suicide?
a. belonging to the “most popular” peer group in the school
b. being depressed
c. experiencing a stressful family event, such as a divorce
d. alcohol and/or drug abuse
Name____________________________________
Chapter 11—Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: Personality and Sociocultural Development—Quick Quiz 2
1. According to the text, the two major tasks for teenagers to accomplish during adolescence are:
a. developing a mature view of sexuality and learning to “love” themselves
b. forming an identity and becoming independent from parents
c. making “good” friends and staying out of trouble
d. selecting a career and preparing to enter it
2. Judy was raised by Republican parents and so, when asked her party preferences, she says, “Hmm…I guess I’m a Republican, but I really don’t know.” Generalizing from Marcia’s view of identity formation, which label best describes Judy’s political identity status?
a. identity achievement
b. foreclosure
c. diffusion
d. moratorium
3. In comparison to a crowd, a clique is _______ and is ______ likely to include members of both genders.
a. larger; less
b. larger; more
c. smaller; less
d. smaller; more
4. According to the text, in comparison with younger adolescents, older adolescents are _____ concerned with their date’s physical appearance and ______ concerned with their date’s personality characteristics.
a. more; more
b. less; more
c. more; less
d. less; less
5. Which parenting style is associated with the most positive outcome for adolescent behavior?
a. authoritarian
b. authoritative
c. permissive
d. neglectful
6. Suppose the Jones family has four children. The level of conflict in the family is most likely to increase the most dramatically when which of these children reaches adolescence?
a. when the oldest child reaches adolescence
b. when the second child reaches adolescence
c. when the third child reaches adolescence
d. when the youngest child reaches adolescence
7. In comparison to statistics from the 1970s, today in the United States surveys find that cigarette smoking by adolescents has:
a. increased substantially
b. increased slightly
c. remained about the same
d. declined substantially
8. Suppose you are reading statistics about a particular college. This college reports that about 30–40% of the student body has been treated for depression. Generalizing from statistics reported in the text, you would know that the students at this college are about ____ as likely to suffer from depression as are students nationwide.
a. half
b. equally
c. twice
d. four times
9. Since the mid-1950s, suicide rates for adolescents ages 15 to 19 have_________.
a. declined slightly
b. stayed about the same
c. increased slightly
d. nearly tripled
10. Carlos is an adolescent boy who has been subjected to sexual abuse. Which of the following people would most likely have been the abuser?
a. Renaldo, who is his biological father.
b. Maria, who is his biological mother.
c. Julia, who is his stepmother
d. Marco, who is not a family member
Quick Quiz Answers
Quick Quiz 11.1
1. c; 11.1.1
2. d; 11.1.2
3. d; 11.2.1
4. a; 11.2.3
5. a; 11.3.1
6. a; 11.3.2
7. c; 11.4.2
8. a; 11.4.3
9. d; 11.5.1
10. a; 11.5.1
Quick Quiz 11.2
1. b; 11.1
2. c; 11.1.2
3. c; 11.2.3
4. b; 11.2.4
5. b; 11.3.2
6. a; 11.3.2
7. d; 11.4.2
8. c; 11.5.1
9. d; 11.5.1
10. d; 11.5.2
Chapter 11
Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: Personality and Sociocultural Development
Learning Objectives:
11.1: Contextualize the formation of adolescent identity
11.2: Analyze trends in adolescent peer relationships
11.3: Relate family dynamics to adolescent development
11.4: Describe risk-taking behavior common to adolescence
11.5: Evaluate how teens respond to psychological stressors
Multiple Choice questions:
Developmental Tasks of Adolescence
Learning Objective 11.1: Contextualize the formation of adolescent identity
11.1. In industrialized nations, the period between the ages of 18 and 25 is often called the period of:
a. late adolescence
b. “late-late” adolescence
c. emerging adulthood
d. moratorium
Module: Chapter Introduction
Learning Objective 11.1
Understand the Concept
Easy
11.2. The word(s) that best describes the period of “emerging adulthood” would be:
a. in-between
b. super-advanced
c. regression
d. repression
Module: Chapter Introduction
Learning Objective 11.1
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: Researchers today often refer to the period between the end of high school and the adoption of adult roles and responsibilities as “emerging adulthood.”
11.3. Often, the period of adolescence is described as a time of “storm and stress.” Research suggests that this view is:
a. not accurate, because most adolescents do not experience adolescence as a stressful time of life
b. a mostly accurate view of the period of adolescence
c. not accurate, because adolescence is stormy but usually not stressful
d. not accurate, because adolescent is stressful, but usually not stormy
Module: 11.1: Developmental Tasks of Adolescence
Learning Objective 11.1
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: Studies generally show that the large majority of adolescents are emotionally healthy and well-adjusted and have few major conflicts with their parents, peers, or selves.
11.4. The text reports a study in which adolescents from many different countries were asked to rate their own behavioral and emotional problems. The results of this study suggest that:
a. teenagers from developed nations experience much more stress during adolescence than do teenagers from less-developed nations
b. teenagers from less-developed nations experience much more stress during adolescence than do teenagers from developed nations
c. around the world, teenage girls experience much more stress than do teenage boys
d. around the world, most teens are well-adjusted, with no significant differences between countries
Module: 11.1: Developmental Tasks of Adolescence
Learning Objective 11.1
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: In a study of about 27,000 adolescents in 24 different countries, results showed striking similarities in the ways in which adolescents rated their lives. Although some adolescents did report emotional and behavioral problems—most typically mood swings, arguments, self-criticism, and distractibility—the percentage of individuals experiencing significant issues was small.
11.5. Suppose a TV producer wants to develop a show with a “generation gap” theme, in which teenagers are in constant and deep conflict with their parents. A psychologist would do well to advise this producer that research shows that the “generation gap”:
a. is a typical experience for teenage girls and their parents, but not teenage boys
b. is a typical experience for teenage boys and their parents, but not teenage girls
c. is a typical experience for both teenage girls and boys and their parents
d. is accurate for only a minority of teenagers
Module: 11.1: Developmental Tasks of Adolescence
Learning Objective 11.1
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: Around the world the vast majority of teenagers are well-adjusted, get along reasonably well with their parents, and have positive attitudes toward their families. Thus, media stories with a “generation gap” theme have limited evidence to support them.
11.6. According to the text, the two major tasks for teenagers to accomplish during adolescence are:
a. developing a mature view of sexuality and learning to “love” themselves
b. forming an identity and becoming independent from parents
c. making “good” friends and staying out of trouble
d. selecting a career and preparing to enter it
Module: 11.1: Developmental Tasks of Adolescence
Learning Objective 11.1
Apply What You Know
Moderate
Rationale: As noted in the text, most theorists agree that adolescents must confront two major tasks: achieving autonomy and independence from their parents (although the form this takes varies across cultures); and forming an identity, which means creating an integrated self that harmoniously combines different elements of the personality.
11.7. Making your own judgments and regulating your own behavior is known as what?
a. self-confidence
b. self-efficacy
c. self-regulation
d. self-consciousness
Module: 11.1.1: Achieving Autonomy
Learning Objective 11.1
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: Self-regulation, in the context of the need for independence, means making your own judgments and regulating your own behavior, as in the expression, “Think for yourself.”
11.8. Bob’s parents allow him to set many of his own rules, hoping that by doing so Bob will learn to solve his own problems and develop good skills in planning his own life. Bob’s parents are emphasizing the core idea of:
a. forming an identity
b. interdependence
c. commitment
d. self-regulation
Module: 11.1.1: Achieving Autonomy
Learning Objective 11.1
Analyze It
Difficult
Rationale: Self-regulation, in the context of the need for independence, means making your own judgments and regulating your own behavior, as in the expression, “Think for yourself.”
11.9. According to the text, interdependence is defined as:
a. mutual regulations
b. shared responsibility
c. mutual autonomy
d. reciprocal dependence
Module: 11.1.1: Achieving Autonomy
Learning Objective 11.1
Understand the Concept
Easy
11.10. Julio belongs to a youth group, a book club, and the school debate team. He compares himself to these groups, and finds his values confirmed. According to the text, what are these groups called?
a. peer groups
b. marginal groups
c. identity groups
d. social reference groups
Module: 11.1.2: Forming an Identity
Learning Objective 11.1
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: Social reference groups are defined as narrow or broad groups with which people identify, and in so doing, help to define themselves.
11.11. Julie’s parents are concerned because Julie has started spending most of her time with a group of friends they think are a bad influence on her. Julie has started wearing clothing her parents don’t approve of, using language they think is inappropriate, and conforming to the expectations of this group in ways her parents worry about. The group of friends is a good example of which of the following?
a. a social reference group
b. a foreclosure group
c. a diffusion status group
d. a moratorium status group
Module: 11.1.2: Forming an Identity
Learning Objective 11.1
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: Social reference groups are defined as narrow or broad groups with which people identify, and in so doing, help to define themselves.
11.12. According to Erikson, what is the adolescent's main developmental task?
a. to achieve intimacy
b. to be industrious
c. to be autonomous
d. to form an identity
Module: 11.1.2: Forming an Identity
Learning Objective 11.1
Apply What You Know
Moderate
Rationale: For Erikson, identity versus identity confusion refers to the critical developmental task for adolescents, which focuses on forging an answer to the question, “Who am I?”
11.13. For Erik Erikson, the central task of adolescence is:
a. developing an intimate relationship with a trusted peer
b. separating from parents and becoming autonomous
c. forming an identity
d. clarifying one’s own sexual preferences
Module: 11.1.2: Forming an Identity
Learning Objective 11.1
Understand the Concept
Easy
11.14. Which of the following questions best reflects what Erik Erikson saw as the central task of adolescence?
a. “Do you love me?”
b. “Who am I?”
c. “Do I love myself?”
d. “How good a person am I?”
Module: 11.1.2: Forming an Identity
Learning Objective 11.1
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: For Erikson, identity versus identity confusion refers to the critical developmental task for adolescents, which focuses on forging an answer to the question, “Who am I?”
11.15. What term did Erik Erikson use to describe a period during which individuals grapple with the options available and ultimately make a choice and commitment as to which path their lives will take?
a. identity crisis
b. identity commitment
c. identity forbearance
d. identity availability
Module: 11.1.2: Forming an Identity
Learning Objective 11.1
Understand the Concept
Easy
11.16. According to Erikson and Marcia, a period of making decisions about important issues, such as “Who am I and where am I going?” is called a(n):
a. self-regulation
b. identity crisis
c. self-examination
d. exploration
Module: 11.1.2: Forming an Identity
Learning Objective 11.1
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: Erikson believed that forming one’s identity typically involved an identity crisis, during which individuals grapple with the options available and ultimately make a choice and commitment as to which paths their lives will take. Marcia then defined the 4 types of identity formation according to the degree to which a crisis was experienced and whether a commitment had been made.
11.17. According to Marcia, what is the identity status of those adolescents who have made commitments without going through a crisis?
a. diffusion
b. foreclosure
c. moratorium
d. achievement
Module: 11.1.2: Forming an Identity
Learning Objective 11.1
Understand the Concept
Easy
11.18. Paula is a very good student in high school. When her teachers encourage her to consider attending college, Paula’s response is that she has always assumed that she would get married, raise a family, and be a good mother, just as her mother is. She seems unwilling to really think about another option for her life. According to Marcia, Paula’s identity status is most likely:
a. diffusion
b. identity achievement
c. moratorium
d. foreclosure
Module: 11.1.2: Forming an Identity
Learning Objective 11.1
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: In Marcia’s theory, foreclosure refers to the identity status of those who have made commitments without going through much decision making or through an identity crisis.
11.19. Which of Marcia’s identity status modes is most likely to be associated with authoritarian values and minimal anxiety?
a. foreclosure
b. diffusion
c. achievement
d. moratorium
Module: 11.1.2: Forming an Identity
Learning Objective 11.1
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: In Marcia’s theory, foreclosure refers to the identity status of those who have made commitments without going through much decision making or through an identity crisis.
11.20. According to Marcia, what identity status has an individual adopted who has neither experienced an identity crisis nor made a commitment?
a. achievement
b. foreclosure
c. diffusion
d. moratorium
Module: 11.1.2: Forming an Identity
Learning Objective 11.1
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.21. Judy was raised by Republican parents and so, when asked her party preferences, she says, “Hmm…I guess I’m a Republican, but I really don’t know.” Generalizing from Marcia’s view of identity formation, which label best describes Judy’s political identity status?
a. identity achievement
b. foreclosure
c. diffusion
d. moratorium
Module: 11.1.2: Forming an Identity
Learning Objective 11.1
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: In Marcia’s theory, diffusion refers to the identity status of those who have neither gone through an identity crisis nor committed to an occupational role or moral code.
11.22. Henry lacks a sense of direction. Whenever his parents or friends ask him what he is going to do now that he has graduated from high school, he avoids the issue. His only interest is “hanging out with his buddies” and drinking beer. What identity status has Henry adopted?
a. diffusion
b. foreclosure
c. moratorium
d. achievement
Module: 11.1.2: Forming an Identity
Learning Objective 11.1
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: In Marcia’s theory, diffusion refers to the identity status of those who have neither gone through an identity crisis nor committed to an occupational role or moral code.
11.23. During his teenage years, Larry struggled with “finding himself.” He tried drugs, failed in school, and couldn’t hold a job. Recently, though, Larry has decided to pursue a career as a welder and has enrolled in welding classes at a local school. He feels relieved to have found a direction for his life. According to Marcia, which of the following statuses would Larry currently be in?
a. foreclosure
b. identity achievement
c. identity commitment
d. identity crisis
Module: 11.1.2: Forming an Identity
Learning Objective 11.1
Evaluate It
Difficult
Rationale: In Marcia’s theory, identity achievement refers to the identity status of those who have gone through an identity crisis and have made commitments.
11.24. Fred made his transition into adulthood without reassessing his value system, yet he is committed to his career, which is the same as his father’s. He has most likely adopted which identity status?
a. foreclosure
b. moratorium
c. diffusion
d. achievement
Module: 11.1.2: Forming an Identity
Learning Objective 11.1
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: In Marcia’s theory, foreclosure refers to the identity status of those who have made commitments without going through much decision making or through an identity crisis.
11.25. The identity status of those who are currently in the midst of an identity crisis is called:
a. achievement
b. moratorium
c. diffusion
d. foreclosure
Module: 11.1.2: Forming an Identity
Learning Objective 11.1
Understand the Concept
Easy
11.26. Gina told her parents that she was going to take some time off from college and travel because she needed time to “find herself.” If her parents were to use a term from Marcia’s view of identity development that term would be:
a. achievement
b. foreclosure
c. diffusion
d. moratorium
Module: 11.1.2: Forming an Identity
Learning Objective 11.1
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: In Marcia’s theory, moratorium refers to the identity status of those who are currently in the midst of an identity crisis or decision-making period.
11.27. The identity status of those who have gone through an identity crisis and have made commitments is called:
a. achievement
b. moratorium
c. diffusion
d. foreclosure
Module: 11.1.2: Forming an Identity
Learning Objective 11.1
Understand the Concept
Easy
11.28. Maria grew up attending Catholic church with her family. Upon entering high school she began to question her beliefs and carefully considered a variety of alternative belief systems. After a period in which she struggled to understand what she truly believed to be true, she eventually concluded that she agrees with her original beliefs. What best describes Maria’s religious identity status?
a. identity achievement
b. foreclosure
c. diffusion
d. moratorium
Module: 11.1.2: Forming an Identity
Learning Objective 11.1
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: In Marcia’s theory, identity achievement refers to the identity status of those who have gone through an identity crisis and have made commitments.
11.29. According to the text, about what percent of people who are entering young adulthood have attained the identity achievement status, as described by James Marcia?
a. 33%
b. 50%
c. 75%
d. 95%
Module: 11.1.2: Forming an Identity
Learning Objective 11.1
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.30. Which of the following age groups would likely have the highest proportion of people in the identity achievement status stage of identity development?
a. 14 to 16 years old
b. 16 to 18 years old
c. 18 to 20 years old
d. 20 to 22 years old
Module: 11.1.2: Forming an Identity
Learning Objective 11.1
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: The proportion of people in identity achievement status increases with age.
11.31. Which of the following would most likely be the dominant emotion for young people in moratorium status?
a. anxiety and confusion
b. anger and hostility toward others
c. loneliness and a sense of despair
d. contentment and peace
Module: 11.1.2: Forming an Identity
Learning Objective 11.1
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: Adolescents or young adults in moratorium status are in the midst of an ongoing identity crisis or decision-making period. An extended period of decision making may be uncomfortable, but often leads to more thoughtful resolutions.
11.32. Rick is experiencing a great deal of anxiety as he struggles for freedom, yet fears his parents’ disapproval of the choices he might make. He often feels like he “just doesn’t know what to do.” What identity status is Rick most likely experiencing?
a. diffusion
b. foreclosure
c. moratorium
d. achievement
Module: 11.1.2: Forming an Identity
Learning Objective 11.1
Analyze It
Difficult
Rationale: In Marcia’s theory, moratorium refers to the identity status of those who are currently in the midst of an identity crisis or decision-making period.
11.33. According to the text, boys are much more likely to develop a(n) _______________ and girls are more likely to develop a(n) _______________:
a. interpersonal identity; blend of interpersonal and intrapersonal identities
b. intrapersonal identity; blend of interpersonal and intrapersonal identities
c. interpersonal identity; intrapersonal identity
d. foreclosed identity; diffused identity
Module: 11.1.2: Forming an Identity
Learning Objective 11.1
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.34. Identity development typically is ______ difficult for “nonbinary” adolescents, and this is especially so for _____.
a. less; boys
b. more; boys
c. less; girls
d. more; girls
Module: 11.1.3: Identity Formation, Culture, and Context
Learning Objective 11.1
Understand the Concept
Easy
11.35. According to the text, if an adolescent is a member of a group that is outside the majority culture, forming a secure and positive sense of identity is:
a. completed at a younger age
b. harder
c. easier
d. completed much more quickly, from beginning to end of the process
Module: 11.1.3: Identity Formation, Culture, and Context
Learning Objective 11.1
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.36. People born in the United States between 1962 and 1981 are often referred to as:
a. Generation X
b. Generation Y
c. Baby Boomers
d. Generation Me
Module: 11.1.4: “Generation Me”
Learning Objective 11.1
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.37. According to research by Twenge and her colleagues, members of Generation Me are more concerned than members of other generational cohorts about:
a. living in a peaceful world
b. protecting the environment
c. being a contributing and engaged member of their community
d. being financially well off
Module: 11.1.4: “Generation Me”
Learning Objective 11.1
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.38. Darrell tells his parents that his goal in life is to “do his own thing,” and that he wants to make a lot of money and let other people worry about the next generation. Generalizing from the text, your best guess is that Darrell was born in:
a. 1958
b. 1968
c. 1978
d. 1998
Module: 11.1.4: “Generation Me”
Learning Objective 11.1
Apply What You Know
Moderate
Rationale: Compared to members of previous generations, members of Generation Me are especially interested in making money and are not much interested in their communities. Generation Me includes those born between about 1985 and 2005.
11.39. Which of the following qualities would be least descriptive of the characteristics usually associated with Generation Me?
a. narcissistic
b. materialistic
c. politically involved
d. self-centered
Module: 11.1.4: "Generation Me"
Learning Objective 11.1
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.40. During the period of economic downturn between 2008 and 2010, adolescents’ values began to reflect ____ concern for others, _____ concern for the environment, and _____ emphasis on individualism.
a. more; more; less
b. more; more; more
c. more; less; more
d. less; more; less
Module: 11.1.4: “Generation Me”
Learning Objective 11.1
Understand the Concept
Easy
Peer Relationships During Adolescence
Learning Objective 11.2: Analyze trends in adolescent peer relationships
11.41. In the United States today, adolescents typically spend about ____ time with their peers as they do with their parents.
a. half as much
b. the same amount of
c. twice as much
d. ten times as much
Module: Peer Relationships During Adolescence
Learning Objective 11.2
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.42. If Julia is a typical teenager growing up in the United States, she would probably spend about ____ time with her peers, compared to her parents.
a. half as much
b. the same amount of
c. twice as much
d. ten times as much
Module: Peer Relationships During Adolescence
Learning Objective 11.2
Apply What You Know
Moderate
Rationale: According to information presented in the text, adolescents often spend more than twice as much time with their friends than with their parents.
11.43. The process we all use to evaluate our personal abilities, behaviors, personality characteristics, appearance, reactions, and general sense of self against the characteristics of others is called:
a. self-exploration
b. self-identification
c. social comparison
d. mutual regulation
Module: 11.2.1: Social Comparison
Learning Objective 11.2
Understand the Concept
Easy
11.44. Jose constantly measures himself against his friends, noting how he is better at some things and not as good at others. This process is called:
a. foreclosure
b. identity diffusion
c. interdependence
d. social comparison
Module: 11.2.1: Social Comparison
Learning Objective 11.2
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: Social comparison refers to the process we all use to evaluate our abilities, behaviors, personality characteristics, appearance, reactions, and general sense of self in comparison to those of others.
11.45. Jennie evaluates herself by considering how her accomplishments stack up against those of her friends. This process is called:
a. social comparison
b. identity fusion
c. interdependence
d. intradependence
Module: 11.2.1: Social Comparison
Learning Objective 11.2
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: Social comparison refers to the process we all use to evaluate our abilities, behaviors, personality characteristics, appearance, reactions, and general sense of self in comparison to those of others.
11.46. The text uses the term peer arena to describe which of the following?
a. the small group of “best friends” that each teenager relies on for advice and support
b. the large group of many different kinds of people each teenager interacts with
c. the “imaginary audience” that teenagers imagine they are being compared to
d. the group of opposite-sex peers that the teenager would like to date
Module: 11.2.1: Social Comparison
Learning Objective 11.2
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.47. Which of the following considerations would typically be the focus of older adolescents, rather than of younger adolescents?
a. physical appearance
b. intimacy with a member of the opposite gender
c. characteristics associated with popularity
d. characteristics associated with a good sense of humor
Module: 11.2.1: Social Comparison
Learning Objective 11.2
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.48. Adolescents usually seek advice from parents, rather than peers, on all of the following topics EXCEPT:
a. education
b. finances
c. dating and sexuality
d. career plans
Module: 11.2.1: Social Comparison
Learning Objective 11.2
Understand the Concept
Easy
11.49. Teenagers are most likely to turn to their parents, rather than their peers, for advice concerning which of the following?
a. what books to read
b. whom to date
c. how to choose a future occupation or job
d. where to get correct information about sex
Module: 11.2.1: Social Comparison
Learning Objective 11.2
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.50. Julie usually turns to her friends for advice about the questions she has. However, if she is like most teenagers, she decides that she would be better served to listen to her parents about which of the following questions?
a. what books to read
b. whom to date
c. how to choose a future occupation or job
d. where to get correct information about sex
Module: 11.2.1: Social Comparison
Learning Objective 11.2
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.51. According to a report cited in the text, the average U.S. teen spends the most time engaged with which of the following media?
a. browsing websites
b. video chatting
c. playing games
d. watching TV or videos
Module: 11.2.2: Friendships and Electronic Media
Learning Objective 11.2
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.52. If Lindsay is a typical U.S. teenager, you would expect her to be using media—computer, phone, TV, etc.—for about how many hours a day?
a. 3–4
b. 5–6
c. 7–8
d. 9–10
Module: 11.2.2: Friendships and Electronic Media
Learning Objective 11.2
Apply What You Know
Moderate
Rationale: The text reports that a recent national survey found that 8 to 18 year olds use some form of media about 9 hours per day.
11.53. According to research presented in the text, there appears to be a positive correlation between teens who seek out sexually explicit media programming and:
a. teen pregnancy
b. compulsive gambling
c. juvenile delinquency
d. lower grades
Module: 11.2.2: Friendships and Electronic Media
Learning Objective 11.2
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.54. According to the text, which is the most appropriate conclusion to draw regarding teenagers’ use of social media, such as Facebook?
a. only a minority of U.S. teens use these media to a significant degree
b. use of online media does not appear to be affecting friendship patterns
c. teens who use online media have many more friends than those who don’t
d. the quality of friendships suffer when teens use online social media
Module: 11.2.2: Friendships and Electronic Media
Learning Objective 11.2
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.55. According to the text, an adolescent peer group with between 3 and 9 members is known as a:
a. clique
b. crowd
c. gaggle
d. pack
Module: 11.2.3: Cliques and Crowds
Learning Objective 11.2
Understand the Concept
Easy
11.56. According to the text, an adolescent “clique” consists of:
a. a highly cohesive group of 3 to 9 peers
b. a group of any size with whom one shares a particular function or status
c. a reference group that one aspires to emulate
d. 15 to 30 peers that form the set of people with whom one sometimes interacts
Module: 11.2.3: Cliques and Crowds
Learning Objective 11.2
Understand the Concept
Easy
11.57. In most typical U. S. high schools, a group of 4 or 5 of the best football players who are labeled as “Jocks” would be an example of a:
a. crowd
b. clique
c. marginal group
d. peer group
Module: 11.2.3: Cliques and Crowds
Learning Objective 11.2
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: Cliques are defined as adolescent peer groups with as few as 3 members or as many as 9 members that are more cohesive than a crowd.
11.58. The rather large group of friends that adolescents often construct, and that usually include 15 to 30 members, are called:
a. social referencing groups
b. cliques
c. diffusion groups
d. crowds
Module: 11.2.3: Cliques and Crowds
Learning Objective 11.2
Understand the Concept
Easy
11.59. Patricia belongs to a large group of about 25 friends, including both boys and girls. This type of peer group would be referred to as a(n):
a. diffusion group
b. identity group
c. clique
d. crowd
Module: 11.2.3: Cliques and Crowds
Learning Objective 11.2
Apply What You Know
Moderate
Rationale: A crowd is defined as an adolescent peer group with perhaps 15 to 30 members.
11.60. In comparison to a crowd, is _______ and is ______ likely to include members of both genders.
a. larger; less
b. larger; more
c. smaller; less
d. smaller; more
Module: 11.2.3: Cliques and Crowds
Learning Objective 11.2
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: Crowds have around 15 to 30 members, whereas cliques are likely to have between 3 and 9 members. During early adolescence, cliques tend to be all male or all female.
11.61. According to the text, about what percent of adolescents do not belong to a peer group:
a. 1%
b. 5%
c. 10%
d. 20%
Module: 11.2.3: Cliques and Crowds
Learning Objective 11.2
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.62. In the United States today, young teenagers are most likely to first learn how to relate to the opposite sex in which of the following settings:
a. group settings involving peers of both genders
b. family gatherings
c. one-on-one dating
d. small group discussions with members of the same gender
Module: 11.2.3: Cliques and Crowds
Learning Objective 11.2
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: During early adolescence, most interactions with members of the opposite sex take place in group settings. Many 14- or 15-year-olds prefer group contact to the closer relationship of dating.
11.63. Juan enjoys dating Martha because she is very popular and is the captain of the cheerleading squad. He feels that by dating her, he gains the respect of his peer group. What function does dating serve him?
a. status
b. mate selection
c. socialization
d. recreation
Module: 11.2.4: Dating
Learning Objective 11.2
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: As noted in Table 11.2, status is a function in dating that refers to an opportunity to increase status by being seen with someone who is considered desirable (i.e., popular).
11.64. According to the text, _________ usually begin dating at an earlier age and dating serves ________ functions for boys and girls.
a. girls; similar
b. boys; similar
c. girls; different
d. boys; different
Module: 11.2.4: Dating
Learning Objective 11.2
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.65. According to the text, in comparison with younger adolescents, older adolescents are _____ concerned with their date’s physical appearance and ______ concerned with their characteristics.
a. more; more
b. less; more
c. more; less
d. less; less
Module: 11.2.4: Dating
Learning Objective 11.2
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.66. According to the text, when dating, girls are more interested in ________ intimacy and boys are more interested in _________ intimacy.
a. emotional; sexual
b. emotional; unemotional
c. physical; interpersonal
d. peer group; interpersonal
Module: 11.2.4: Dating
Learning Objective 11.2
Understand the Concept
Easy
Family Dynamics
Learning Objective 11.3: Relate family dynamics to adolescent development
11.67. John, who is a teenager, complains to his friends that he recently has had a string of arguments with his parents. If John and his parents are typical, these arguments are most likely about which of the following?
a. John’s core political views
b. John’s core religious views
c. John’s views about economic issues
d. who John is dating and what his curfew hours are
Module: 11.3.1: Intergenerational Communication
Learning Objective 11.3
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: Most conflicts between teenagers and their families revolve around ordinary issues, such as family chores, curfew hours, dating, grades, personal appearance, and eating habits. Conflicts between parents and adolescents about core economic, religious, social, and political values are much less common.
11.68. If Mark is a typical adolescent, you should expect that the amount of conflict he has with his parents is likely highest during which of his adolescent years?
a. between age 11 and 12
b. between age 13 and 14
c. between age 15 and 16
d. between age 17 and 18
Module: 11.3.1: Intergenerational Communication
Learning Objective 11.3
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: According to the text, conflict with parents peaks in early to middle adolescence. Figure 11.4 shows the amount of conflict between mothers and sons, which can be seen to peak around ages 15–16. Conflict then begins to subside in later adolescence.
11.69. Generalizing from the text, during the early part of adolescence, the source of most conflicts between teenagers and their parents is which of the following issues:
a. family rules and obligations
b. career choices
c. religious beliefs
d. political beliefs
Module: 11.3.1: Intergenerational Communication
Learning Objective 11.3
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: As noted in the text, most conflicts between teenagers and their families revolve around ordinary issues, such as family chores, curfew hours, dating, grades, personal appearance, and eating habits. Conflicts between parents and adolescents about core economic, religious, social, and political values are much less common.
11.70. Which of the following statements about family alliances is supported by research cited in the text?
a. Alliances present in childhood tend to be maintained throughout adolescence.
b. Girls and boys who identified most with their mother in childhood typically shift their alliance to their father during adolescence.
c. Girls, but not boys, who identified most with their mother in childhood typically shift their alliance to their father during adolescence.
d. Boys, but not girls, who identified most with their mother in childhood typically shift their alliance to their father during adolescence.
Module: 11.3.1: Intergenerational Communication
Learning Objective 11.3
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: The book notes that, like parenting styles, family alliances begin to shape behavior long before adolescence. For example, an older brother who dominated his younger brother during childhood will probably have the same influence in adolescence.
11.71. Tommy has just turned 14 and has become very defiant and resentful of any authority figure, and especially his parents. If Tommy’s defiance is the result of his parents’ parenting style, this style is most likely to be described as:
a. permissive
b. authoritative
c. resistant
d. authoritarian
Module: 11.3.2: Parenting Styles and Parental Monitoring
Learning Objective 11.3
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: Adolescents who have experienced authoritarian parenting, which centers on strict control and inflexible rules for behavior, often become dependent and anxious in the presence of authority figures or may become defiant and resentful.
11.72. Which parenting style is associated with the most positive outcome for adolescent behavior?
a. authoritarian
b. authoritative
c. permissive
d. neglectful
Module: 11.3.2: Parenting Styles and Parental Monitoring
Learning Objective 11.3
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: Normal and healthy adolescent behavior is most likely to result when parenting is authoritative because this style encourages children toward taking responsible, independent actions and establishing good self-acceptance and self-control.
11.73. Sixteen-year-old Mikhail has made a good adjustment to high school and he is able to be responsible, he generally takes independent actions that are appropriate, and he has developed a positive self-concept. If his behavior is the result of his parents’ style of parenting, his parents most likely have adopted which of the following parenting styles?
a. indifferent
b. authoritarian
c. authoritative
d. overly permissive
Module: 11.3.2: Parenting Styles and Parental Monitoring
Learning Objective 11.3
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: Normal and healthy adolescent behavior is most likely to result when parenting is authoritative because this style encourages children toward taking responsible, independent actions and establishing good self-acceptance and self-control.
11.74. Nancy has just entered her teenage years. Although she was a good student in elementary school she recently has gotten into trouble at school because she is behaving inappropriately and she does not seem to be able to control herself well enough to get enough sleep and complete her homework. If Nancy’s difficulties are linked to the parenting style of her parents, they would most likely be described as:
a. permissive parents
b. authoritarian parents
c. authoritative parents
d. regressive parents
Module: 11.3.2: Parenting Styles and Parental Monitoring
Learning Objective 11.3
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: Permissive parents provide little structure and control, and their adolescent children may have difficulty setting boundaries and defining appropriate behavior.
11.75. Generally speaking _________ usually know more about their teenager’s activities and this knowledge generally leads to _________ levels of adolescent deviance:
a. mothers; higher
b. mothers; lower
c. fathers; higher
d. fathers; lower
Module: 11.3.2: Parenting Styles and Parental Monitoring
Learning Objective 11.3
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11. 76. _______ typically know more about their teenager’s activities and ________ usually exert a stronger influence on parent-child acceptance and conflict.
a. Fathers; fathers
b. Fathers; mothers
c. Mothers; fathers
d. Mothers; mothers
Module: 11.3.2: Parenting Styles and Parental Monitoring
Learning Objective 11.3
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.77. As children enter adolescence, parental warmth from the mother generally __________ and parental warmth from the father generally ___________.
a. increases; decreases
b. decreases; increases
c. decreases; decreases
d. increases; increases
Module: 11.3.2: Parenting Styles and Parental Monitoring
Learning Objective 11.3
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.78. If Susie is a typical teenager, you would expect her to complain that the warmth she feels from her mother is _________ and the warmth she feels toward her father is ___________.
a. decreasing; increasing
b. increasing; decreasing
c. increasing; increasing
d. decreasing; decreasing
Module: 11.3.2: Parenting Styles and Parental Monitoring
Learning Objective 11.3
Apply What You Know
Difficult
Rationale: The textbook notes that as children enter adolescence, parental warmth generally declines, both from mothers and from fathers.
11.79. Suppose the Jones family has four children. The level of conflict in the family is most likely to increase the most dramatically when which of these children reaches adolescence?
a. when the oldest child reaches adolescence
b. when the second child reaches adolescence
c. when the third child reaches adolescence
d. when the youngest child reaches adolescence
Module: 11.3.2: Parenting Styles and Parental Monitoring
Learning Objective 11.3
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: As noted in the textbook, family conflict typically escalates when firstborn children enter adolescence, but the level of conflict generally does not increase when younger children enter this developmental period.
11.80. Linda’s mother and father give her considerable freedom to choose her friends and activities, but they also pay careful attention to where she is, what she is doing, and whom she is with. Her parents’ attention to knowing about Linda’s activities is what researchers mean by the term:
a. parental warmth
b. social comparison
c. interdependence
d. parental monitoring
Module: 11.3.2: Parenting Styles and Parental Monitoring
Learning Objective 11.3
Apply What You Know
Moderate
Rationale: In parental monitoring, parents discuss, give advice, and supervise, but only to the extent to which the teen is willing to disclose.
11.81. Culture clashes between adolescents and their parents typically are greatest when the gap between parental and peer values is _____ and when these values are of _____ importance.
a. small; great
b. small; little
c. wide; great
d. wide; little
Module: 11.3.3: A Clash of Cultures Between Peers and Parents
Learning Objective 11.3
Understand the Concept
Easy
Risky Behavior in Adolescence
Learning Objective 11.4: Describe risk-taking behavior common to adolescence
11.82. Rickie engages in risky behavior because he believes that “bad things don’t happen to me.” His point of view is best explained by the concept of:
a. interdependence
b. social referencing
c. identity diffusion
d. personal fable
Module: 11.4.1: Risk Taking
Learning Objective 11.4
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: Personal fable refers to adolescents’ belief that they are so special that they should be exempt from the laws of nature, that nothing bad can happen to them, and that they will live forever.
11.83. Sarah explains to her friend that she had sex with her boyfriend without using contraception because she “knew” that she would not get pregnant because pregnancy didn’t fit into her life plan. This disregard for the possibility that a bad outcome could occur is most consistent with the idea expressed as:
a. identity diffusion
b. moratorium
c. the personal fable
d. social referencing
Module: 11.4.1: Risk Taking
Learning Objective 11.4
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: Personal fable refers to adolescents’ belief that they are so special that they should be exempt from the laws of nature, that nothing bad can happen to them, and that they will live forever.
11.84. If Jake is an adolescent who is known for taking extreme risks, research would suggest that he is also likely to have all of the following EXCEPT:
a. high grades in school
b. a history of aggressiveness
c. an infatuation with the “rush” that risky behavior is associated with
d. difficulty controlling his impulses
Module: 11.4.1: Risk Taking
Learning Objective 11.4
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: According to research cited in the text, adolescents who engage in high-risk behavior are more likely than others to have a history of aggressiveness, to enjoy the thrill involved in risky behavior, to have difficulty in controlling their impulsiveness, and to experience low school achievement.
11.85. The age period associated with the highest usage of illicit drugs is which of the following?
a. age 12 to14
b. age 14 to 16
c. age 16 to 18
d. age 18 to 20
Module: 11.4.2: Use of Controlled Substances
Learning Objective 11.4
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.86. Statistically speaking, which of the following people is most likely to engage in the use of illicit drugs?
a. Randy, who is 13 years old
b. Mick, who is 16 years old
c. Rex, who is 20 years old
d. Frank, who is 30 years old
Module: 11.4.2: Use of Controlled Substances
Learning Objective 11.4
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: As shown in Figure 11.5, the age period with the highest usage of illicit drugs is from 18 to 20.
11.87. According to the text, the illicit drugs that are most frequently abused by adolescents under the age of 18 are:
a. alcohol and marijuana
b. alcohol and cigarettes
c. alcohol and amphetamines
d. caffeine and nicotine
Module: 11.4.2: Use of Controlled Substances
Learning Objective 11.4
Understand the Concept
Easy
11.88. Alcohol acts as a(n):
a. stimulant
b. depressant
c. hallucinogen
d. narcotic
Module: 11.4.2: Use of Controlled Substances
Learning Objective 11.4
Understand the Concept
Easy
11.89. The action of alcohol on the body is most similar to the action of which of the following?
a. cigarettes
b. amphetamines
c. tranquilizers
d. diet pills
Module: 11.4.2: Use of Controlled Substances
Learning Objective 11.4
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.90. Suppose that Bart and Larry are identical twins. Bart has never had a drink of alcohol, but Larry has been a heavy drinker for the past 20 years. If Bart and Larry are both given an identical shot of alcohol, how would you expect them each to experience the physical effects of alcohol?
a. Bart would experience the effects of alcohol more than Larry would.
b. Larry would experience the effects of alcohol more than Bart would.
c. Bart and Larry would experience the effects of alcohol to the same degree but Bart would perceive these effects to be greater.
d. Bart and Larry would experience the effects of alcohol to the same degree but Larry would perceive these effects to be greater.
Module: 11.4.2: Use of Controlled Substances
Learning Objective 11.4
Evaluate It
Difficult
Rationale: Individual tolerance for alcohol increased with long-term, habitual use. Therefore, because Larry has used alcohol habitually, his response is more tolerant and he would experience less effects from alcohol, compared to Bart.
11.91. According to statistics reported in the text, what percentage of U. S. teenagers have used alcohol by the end of high school?
a. 30%
b. 55%
c. 70%
d. 92%
Module: 11.4.2: Use of Controlled Substances
Learning Objective 11.4
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.92. If you sent a survey to a representative sample of 10,000 graduating high school seniors asking them to report whether or not they had ever used alcohol, you should expect that about _____ would respond “yes.”
a. 2,500
b. 4,000
c. 7,000
d. 9,000
Module: 11.4.2: Use of Controlled Substances
Learning Objective 11.4
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: The text reports that about 70% of high school seniors in the United States have tried alcohol by the end of high school; 70% of 10,000 students is 7,000 students.
11.93. If you sent a survey to a representative sample of 10,000 graduating high school seniors asking them to report whether or not they drink alcohol every day, you should expect that about _____ would respond “yes.”
a. 100
b. 200
c. 500
d. 1,000
Module: 11.4.2: Use of Controlled Substances
Learning Objective 11.4
Analyze It
Difficult
Rationale: The text reports that about 1 in 20 high school seniors, or 5%, reports drinking alcohol every day; 5% of 10,000 seniors is 500 seniors.
11.94. If you sent a survey to a representative sample of 10,000 graduating high school seniors asking them to report how many of their friends get drunk at least once a week, you should expect that about _____ would respond “yes.”
a. 200
b. 500
c. 1,000
d. 2,400
Module: 11.4.2: Use of Controlled Substances
Learning Objective 11.4
Analyze It
Difficult
Rationale: The text reports that about 24% of high school seniors report that all or most of their friends get drunk at least once a week; 24% of 10,000 seniors is 2,400 seniors.
11.95. Compared to the percent of adolescent males who drink alcohol, the percent of adolescent girls who drink alcohol was ____ in the 1970s and is _____ today.
a. lower; equal
b. lower; lower
c. lower; higher
d. higher; equal
Module: 11.4.2: Use of Controlled Substances
Learning Objective 11.4
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.96. Statistically speaking, which of the following people is most likely to drive while under the influence of alcohol?
a. Ben, who is 17 years old
b. Rob, who is 19 years old
c. Marty, who is 27 years old
d. Larry, who is 45 years old
Module: 11.4.2: Use of Controlled Substances
Learning Objective 11.4
Analyze It
Difficult
Rationale: Figure 11.6 in the text shows that the percent of people who report driving under the influence of alcohol is highest in the 26 to 29 year old age group.
11.97. According to the text, driving while under the influence of alcohol is most common among people in which of the following age groups?
a. 16–17
b. 18–20
c. 21–25
d. 26–29
Module: 11.4.2: Use of Controlled Substances
Learning Objective 11.4
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.98. According to the text, which of the following is not a long-term effect associated with cigarette smoking?
a. brain damage
b. heart attack
c. lung cancer
d. emphysema
Module: 11.4.2: Use of Controlled Substances
Learning Objective 11.4
Understand the Concept
Easy
11.99. According to the text, moderate smoking shortens the lifespan by ____ years.
a. 2
b. 6
c. 10
d. 14
Module: 11.4.2: Use of Controlled Substances
Learning Objective 11.4
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.100. Bernard has been a moderate cigarette smoker for several years. Research shows that, statistically speaking, his moderate smoking will shorten his life by an average of:
a. 1 year
b. 3 years
c. 5 years
d. 10 years
Module: 11.4.2: Use of Controlled Substances
Learning Objective 11.4
Apply What You Know
Moderate
Rationale: According to the text, even moderate smoking shortens a person’s life by an average of 10 years.
11.101. According to the text, what is the single most preventable cause of death in the United States today?
a. smoking-related illnesses
b. alcoholism
c. diseases of the liver
d. diabetes
Module: 11.4.2: Use of Controlled Substances
Learning Objective 11.4
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.102. In comparison to statistics from the 1970s, today in the United States surveys find that cigarette smoking by adolescents has:
a. increased substantially
b. increased slightly
c. remained about the same
d. declined substantially
Module: 11.4.2: Use of Controlled Substances
Learning Objective 11.4
Understand the Concept
Easy
11.103. Suppose you look at medical records collected on adolescents in high school in 1970 and in high school in 2007. You should expect these records to show that, compared to the number of high school students who smoke cigarettes in 2015, the number who smoked in 1970 would be:
a. considerably higher
b. slightly higher
c. about the same
d. slightly lower
Module: 11.4.2: Use of Controlled Substances
Learning Objective 11.4
Apply What You Know
Moderate
Rationale: Tobacco smoking by U.S. adolescents showed a sharp decline in the late 1970s; since that time smoking by teenagers has gradually declined, as is shown in Figure 11.7.
11.104. Charlie is 19 years old. If he and his 19-year-old friends are typical, about what percentage of them have smoked a cigarette in the past month?
a. 5%
b. 15%
c. 24%
d. 50%
Module: 11.4.2: Use of Controlled Substances
Learning Objective 11.4
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: According to research reported in the text, in 2014 about 24% of 18- to 20-year olds reported “current” smoking (defined as at least once within the past month).
11.105. Suppose you administer a survey to a large, representative group of high school seniors. If you ask how many of them have ever tried smoking, you should expect that about ____ will report having smoked cigarettes.
a. 25%
b. 50%
c. 67%
d. 85%
Module: 11.4.2: Use of Controlled Substances
Learning Objective 11.4
Apply What You Know
Moderate
Rationale: According to the text, more than one-half of high school seniors have tried smoking.
11.106. Between the ages of 18 and 25, the reported use of which of the following drugs increases with increased age?
a. marijuana and alcohol, but not tobacco
b. marijuana and tobacco, but not alcohol
c. marijuana, but not alcohol or tobacco
d. marijuana, alcohol, and tobacco
Module: 11.4.2: Use of Controlled Substances
Learning Objective 11.4
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.107. According to the text, in the 1990s, marijuana use became more:
a. sex specific, with more males than females now using this drug
b. exclusive to white adolescents, with fewer black and Hispanic adolescents using this drug
c. income selective, with usage increasing among upper-income adolescents but decreasing among lower-income adolescents
d. egalitarian, with about equal proportions of white, black, and Hispanic adolescents using this drug
Module: 11.4.2: Use of Controlled Substances
Learning Objective 11.4
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.108. According to the text, about how long can marijuana’s adverse effects on thinking and memory last?
a. about 2–4 hours
b. about 24–36 hours
c. about 4–5 days
d. about several days to several weeks
Module: 11.4.2: Use of Controlled Substances
Learning Objective 11.4
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.109. If you sent a survey to a representative sample of 10,000 adolescents ages 12 to 17, asking them to report whether or not they use marijuana, you should expect that about _____ would respond “yes.”
a. 700
b. 1,200
c. 2,500
d. 4,000
Module: 11.4.2: Use of Controlled Substances
Learning Objective 11.4
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: The text reports that about 7% of 12- to 17-year-olds report using marijuana; 7% of 10,000 people is 700 people.
11.110. If you were to select the year in which the use of alcohol and marijuana by adolescents was the LOWEST, which year would that be?
a. 1969
b. 1990
c. 2006
d. 2010
Module: 11.4.2: Use of Controlled Substances
Learning Objective 11.4
Analyze It
Difficult
Rationale: The text make the point that marijuana use declined after the 1970s, but rose again around the turn of the 21st century; since 2006 it has been gradually rising.
11.111. Today, about what percent of 18-to 25-year-olds report current use of marijuana?
a. 8%
b. 11%
c. 19%
d. 26%
Module: 11.4.2: Use of Controlled Substances
Learning Objective 11.4
Understand the Concept
Easy
11.112. According to the text, about percent of high school seniors reported using the drug Ecstasy in 2000 and percent reported using it in 2014?
a. 1%; 3–4%
b. 3–4%; 9%
c. 8%; 8%
d. 9%; 3–4%
Module: 11.4.2: Use of Controlled Substances
Learning Objective 11.4
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.113. According to the text, the use of manufactured amphetamine drugs such as methamphetamine peaked in which year:
a. 1975
b. 1990
c. 2001
d. There has not yet been a peak since usage continues to increase each year.
Module: 11.4.2: Use of Controlled Substances
Learning Objective 11.4
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.114. Which of the following statements about delinquency is TRUE?
a. Delinquency is the term used for only minor crimes, such as shoplifting.
b. Delinquency refers to crimes that would be more serious than misdemeanors but less serious than felonies.
c. Delinquency refers to crimes of all sorts when they are committed by people under the age of 16 (or 18 in some states).
d. Delinquency is the term given to crimes committed by people who are mentally incompetent.
Module: 11.4.3: Delinquency
Learning Objective 11.4
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: According to the text, adolescents under age 16 or 18 who commit criminal acts are called delinquents; the age cutoff varies by state and by the nature of the crime.
11.115. Statistically, you should expect that delinquency rates would be highest in:
a. poor urban areas
b. poor rural areas
c. rich urban areas
d. rich rural areas
Module: 11.4.3: Delinquency
Learning Objective 11.4
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: Sociologists often note the association between crime and living in disadvantaged or stressful environments that arise from (among other contributors) poverty and overcrowding.
11.116. Fifteen-year-old Ron was arrested for attempted burglary. The term that would most likely be applied to him would be:
a. juvenile
b. delinquent
c. high-risk recidivist
d. felon
Module: 11.4.3: Delinquency
Learning Objective 11.4
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: According to the text, adolescents under age 16 or 18 who commit criminal acts are called delinquents; the age cutoff varies by state and by the nature of the crime.
11.117. According to research cited in the text, members of which of the following groups would be most likely to engage in delinquent behavior?
a. teens from poor families with no male role models
b. teens from financially stable families with no male role models
c. teens from poor families with strong male role models
d. teens from financially stable families with strong male role models
Module: 11.4.3: Delinquency
Learning Objective 11.4
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: According to the text, sociologists often note the association between crime and (among other contributors) poverty and the lack of a positive male role model.
11.118. From the description of delinquency provided in the text, which of the following parenting styles would most likely be linked to this behavior?
a. permissive parenting
b. authoritative parenting
c. proactive parenting
d. authoritarian parenting
Module: 11.4.3: Delinquency
Learning Objective 11.4
Evaluate It
Difficult
Rationale: The text notes that acting-out behaviors can be the likely result of adolescents who perceive that their parents exhibit little warmth or are too intrusive and allow too little autonomy. These are the characteristics most often associated with authoritarian parenting.
Stress and Resilience
Learning Objective 11.5: Evaluate how teens respond to psychological stressors
11.119. According to the text, the most common pattern of psychological distress for adolescents today is:
a. anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders
b. stunting
c. depression
d. schizophrenia
Module: 11.5.1: Depression
Learning Objective 11.5
Understand the Concept
Easy
11.120. If Dr. Martinez conducts a large-scale survey of adolescent depression, he would expect that, at any given time, about ____ of the adolescent population would be suffering from depression.
a. 2%
b. 8%
c. 14%
d. 25%
Module: 11.5.1: Depression
Learning Objective 11.5
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: According to the text, a reasonable estimate is that at any given point in time about 8% of adolescents suffer from moderate to severe depression.
11.121. Suppose you are reading statistics about a particular college. This college reports that about 30–40% of the student body has been treated for depression. Generalizing from statistics reported in the text, you would know that the students at this college are about ____ as likely to suffer from depression as are students nationwide.
a. half
b. equally
c. twice
d. four times
Module: 11.5.1: Depression
Learning Objective 11.5
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: Statistics indicate that 15–20% of college students report having had a period of serious depression at some point in their lives.
11.122. Which of the following has been shown to be the strongest predictor of depression in male and female adolescents?
a. use of marijuana
b. use of alcohol
c. being sexually abused
d. having low self-esteem
Module: 11.5.1: Depression
Learning Objective 11.5
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.123. According to the text, unintended pregnancy is ____ as common among girls who are depressed compared to non-depressed girls.
a. half
b. equally
c. twice
d. three times
Module: 11.5.1: Depression
Learning Objective 11.5
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.124. Today, drugs that are available to treat depression are effective for about ____ of the people who take them.
a. 40%
b. 60%
c. 80%
d. 99.9%
Module: 11.5.1: Depression
Learning Objective 11.5
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.125. The three leading causes of death among adolescents are:
a. accidents, murders, and suicides
b. accidents, cancer, and suicides
c. accidents, asthma, and cancer
d. accidents, heart disease, and murders
Module: 11.5.1: Depression
Learning Objective 11.5
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.126. Since the mid-1950s, suicide rates for adolescents ages 15 to 19 have_________.
a. declined slightly
b. stayed about the same
c. increased slightly
d. nearly tripled
Module: 11.5.1: Depression
Learning Objective 11.5
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.127. Which of the following is NOT one of the risk factors commonly associated with adolescent suicide?
a. belonging to the “most popular” peer group in the school
b. being depressed
c. experiencing a stressful family event, such as a divorce
d. alcohol and/or drug abuse
Module: 11.5.1: Depression
Learning Objective 11.5
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: According to information presented in the text, being depressed; experiencing a stressful family event; and alcohol and/or drug use are all risk factors associated with adolescent suicide.
11.128. The text suggests a set of four risk factors that are associated with adolescent suicide. Which of the following is NOT one of these risk factors?
a. depression
b. abuse of alcohol and other drugs
c. overachievement in school performance
d. access to firearms
Module: 11.5.1: Depression
Learning Objective 11.5
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.129. According to statistics reported in the text, about ____ of college women report they have been sexually assaulted while in college.
a. 5%
b. 20%
c. 40%
d. 67%
Module: 11.5.2: Sexual Abuse of Adolescents
Learning Objective 11.5
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: The text reports that 1 in 5 women is sexually assaulted while in college, which is 20%.
11.130. According to statistics gathered on U.S. high school students reported in the text, about ___ of girls and ___ of boys reported that they had been forced to have sexual intercourse at some point in their lives.
a. 4%; 11%
b. 11%; 4%
c. 2%; 15%
d. 15%; 2%
Module: 11.5.2: Sexual Abuse of Adolescents
Learning Objective 11.5
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.131. Abby is an adolescent girl who has been subjected to sexual abuse. Which of the following people would most likely have been the abuser?
a. Paul, who is her biological father
b. Peter, a person she has begun to date
c. Rick, who is a complete stranger
d. Donna, who is her mother
Module: 11.5.2: Sexual Abuse of Adolescents
Learning Objective 11.5
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: The text notes that about half of female rapes are committed by friends, acquaintances, or partners; about one-quarter by family members, and one-quarter by others.
11.132. is an adolescent boy who has been subjected to sexual abuse. Which of the following people would most likely have been the abuser?
a. Renaldo, who is his biological father.
b. Maria, who is his biological mother.
c. Julia, who is his stepmother
d. Marco, not a family member
Module: 11.5.2: Sexual Abuse of Adolescents
Learning Objective 11.5
Evaluate It
Difficult
Rationale: Abusers of young boys are most likely to be a male who is not a family member.
11.133. All of the following are factors associated with high-risk behavior EXCEPT:
a. being male
b. not having a religious tradition
c. having authoritative parents
d. attending a small school
Module: 11.5.3: Risk Factors for Psychological Problems
Learning Objective 11.5
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: Figure 11.10 identifies several characteristics that are associated with high-risk behavior, including those above EXCEPT that attending a large school, not a small school, is a risk factor.
11.134. Good relationships with parents and peers, a particular area of expertise, and a role that includes responsibilities for others are all characteristics of what the text refers to as:
a. stress breakers
b. coping responses
c. resilient individuals
d. social comparison factors
Module: 11.5.4: Protective Factors and Coping Responses
Learning Objective 11.5
Understand the Concept
Easy
11.135. Jimmy grows up in a poor home and his parents are constantly arguing. He has trouble learning to read in school, and he is a poor athlete. As a young child he spent a good deal of time by himself, unsupervised, with little to do except watch television. Yet, as a young adult, he is happy, well-adjusted, and productive at work. The word that best described Jimmy’s personality is:
a. resilient
b. authoritarian
c. permissive
d. authoritative
Module: 11.5.4: Protective Factors and Coping Responses
Learning Objective 11.5
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: Resilient adolescents are those who are able to confront the risks associated with adolescence and to deal effectively with them.
Current Issues: A Key Component of Self-Definition
11.136. The values of the cultural or ethnic group of which a person belongs is called:
a. ethnic foreclosure
b. ethnic confidence
c. ethnic integrity
d. ethnic identity
Module: 11.1.3: Identity Formation, Culture, and Context
Learning Objective 11.1
Understand the Concept
Easy
11.137. Mai’s family immigrated to the United States from Cambodia and her parents expect her to honor the traditions and styles that characterize life for a young woman growing up in Cambodia. Although she wants to please and honor her parents, Mai, however, also want to be like her school friends, most of whom are white, middle-class girls. She feels torn between wanting to be the person her parents expect, and wanting to be a modern woman growing up in mainstream U.S. culture. The term that best describes Mai’s dilemma is:
a. ethnic identity crisis
b. foreclosure status
c. ethnic identity achievement
d. social comparison compromise
Module: 11.1.3: Identity Formation, Culture, and Context
Learning Objective 11.1
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: Adolescents who belong to ethnic minorities must take note of their ethnicity, but they must also acknowledge that the majority culture may not reflect or may actually be hostile to the characteristics valued within the ethnic group. Sometimes this means that individuals will experience an ethnic identity crisis much like the more general adolescent identity crisis that Erikson described.
11.138. According to research cited in the text, the trait of ethnic identity is comprised of all of the following EXCEPT:
a. race centrality (the important of race to the person’s self-definition)
b. private regard (group pride about belonging to the racial group)
c. public regard (how one interprets the majority culture’s beliefs about one’s group)
d. self-identity (whether or not one considers himself or herself to belong to the racial/ethnic group or to the majority culture)
Module: 11.1.3: Identity Formation, Culture, and Context
Learning Objective 11.1
Understand the Concept
Moderate
Changing Perspectives: Family Obligation and Assistance During Adolescence
11.139. According to research presented in the text, when children in families were asked to take on additional responsibilities, this was usually the result of high levels of stress in the ________ job, and the child who assumed the greatest responsibilities was usually a __________.
a. mother’s; son
b. mother’s; daughter
c. father’s; son
d. father’s; daughter
Module: 11.3.2: Parenting Styles and Parental Monitoring
Learning Objective 11.3
Understand the Concept
Moderate
11.140. Suppose that Scott and Ruth (a brother and sister) have recently been asked to take on more responsibility for household chores. This is most likely the result of extra stress in their _________ job, and _______ will likely provide the greatest amount of help to the family.
a. father’s; Scott
b. father’s; Ruth
c. mother’s; Scott
d. mother’s; Ruth
Module: 11.3.2: Parenting Styles and Parental Monitoring
Learning Objective 11.3
Analyze It
Difficult
Rationale: Research cited in the text showed that when the mother’s job (but not necessarily the father’s) was particularly stressful, teens of working parents were asked to take on some family responsibilities. Additionally, daughters, far more than sons, assumed the obligations when the parents needed help.
11.141. Whitney has promised that she will repay her parents for sending her to college and medical school by paying them 1% of her income for life. This type of family obligation would best be considered an example of:
a. current assistance
b. family respect
c. future support
d. balance of power
Module: 11.3.2: Parenting Styles and Parental Monitoring
Learning Objective 11.3
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: The type of obligation called future support refers to adolescents’ plans to send money from future earnings to the family or assume obligations for educating younger siblings.
11.142. If you studied groups of teenagers whose parents had recently immigrated to the United States, you should expect that teenagers from which of the following groups would feel the LEAST obligation to their families?
a. teenagers whose families came from Europe
b. teenagers whose families came from China
c. teenagers whose families came from Mexico
d. teenagers whose families came from the Philippines
Module: 11.3.2: Parenting Styles and Parental Monitoring
Learning Objective 11.3
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: According to a research study cited in the textbook, in comparison to adolescents whose parents represented European backgrounds, those from the other four ethnic traditions (Chinese, Filipino, Mexican, Central and South American) reported feeling greater obligation to their families in all three types of family obligation studied.
11.143. If you conducted a study that compared teenagers whose parents immigrated from South America to the United States with teenagers whose parents immigrated from Europe to the United States, you would expect that the teens from South America were _____ likely to recognize the value of education opportunities and were ______ likely to dislike the “hard” subjects of math and English.
a. more; more
b. less; less
c. more: equally
d. less; equally
Module: 11.3.2: Parenting Styles and Parental Monitoring
Learning Objective 11.3
Evaluate It
Difficult
Rationale: According to a research study cited in the text, adolescents from non-European groups were more likely to recognize the value of school success, especially in the areas of math and English, although they did not like these subjects any more than the adolescents from the European background did.
Short Answer questions:
Developmental Tasks of Adolescence
Learning Objective 11.1: Contextualize the formation of adolescent identity
11.144. The text discusses a cross-cultural study in which 27,000 adolescents from 24 different countries were asked to rate their own behavioral and emotional problems. Describe the most important results from this study.
Module: 11.1
Learning Objective 11.1
Apply What You Know
Moderate
11.145. Give an example of how teenagers and their parents can develop an interdependent relationship.
Module: 11.1.1: Achieving Autonomy
Learning Objective 11.1
Apply What You Know
Moderate
11.146. Describe a social reference group that you think is important to yourself or to an adolescent you know. How do you know this group functions as a social reference group?
Module: 11.1.2: Forming an Identity
Learning Objective 11.1
Analyze It
Moderate
11.147. Identify the conflict that Erik Erikson believes was the central task for adolescents to achieve and describe how his concept of identity crisis is important to resolving this conflict.
Module: 11.1.2: Forming an Identity
Learning Objective 11.1
Analyze It
Moderate
11.148. Using Marcia’s view of identify formation, explain the difference between identity achievement and foreclosure.
Module: 11.1.2: Forming an Identity
Learning Objective 11.1
Analyze It
Moderate
11.149. How does gender typically affect how adolescents develop a sense of identity? Do boys and girls develop identities that emphasize the same, or different, aspects of the self?
Module: 11.1.3: Identity Formation, Culture, and Context
Learning Objective 11.1
Evaluate It
Difficult
11.150. Describe two ways that members of Generation Me differ from individuals of the previous generation.
Module: 11.1.4: “Generation Me”
Learning Objective 11.1
Analyze It
Moderate
Peer Relationships During Adolescence
Learning Objective 11.2: Analyze trends in adolescent peer relationships
11.151. What does the term “social comparison” mean? Give an example of how an adolescent might use the process of social comparison to determine whether or not she should work hard in her mathematics class in high school.
Module: 11.2.1: Social Comparison
Learning Objective 11.2
Analyze It
Moderate
11.152. How does the prevalence of media in the lives of adolescents appear to be influencing friendship formation?
Module: 11.2.2: Friendships and Electronic Media
Learning Objective 11.2
Evaluate It
Difficult
11.153. Explain the difference between a clique and crowd.
Module: 11.2.3: Cliques and Crowds
Learning Objective 11.2
Analyze It
Moderate
11.154. How does being an involuntary loner affect an adolescent’s identify formation?
Module: 11.2.3: Cliques and Crowds
Learning Objective 11.2
Analyze It
Moderate
11.155. Identify two different functions of dating and describe how the importance of each of these functions typically shifts as adolescents move through the period from early adolescence to emerging adulthood.
Module: 11.2.4: Dating
Learning Objective 11.2
Analyze It
Moderate
Family Dynamics
Learning Objective 11.3: Relate family dynamics to adolescent development
11.156. How do family alliances formed in childhood generally change as children move through the period of adolescence?
Module: 11.3.1: Intergenerational Communication
Learning Objective 11.3
Analyze It
Moderate
11.157. Explain the difference between authoritarian parenting and authoritative parenting. Which parenting style leads to better developmental outcomes for adolescents?
Module: 11.3.2: Parenting Styles and Parental Monitoring
Learning Objective 11.3
Evaluate It
Moderate
11.158. Explain the difference between parental control and parental monitoring. Give an example of each to clarify your answer.
Module: 11.3.2: Parenting Styles and Parental Monitoring
Learning Objective 11.3
Analyze It
Moderate
11.159. Describe a situation in which an adolescent and his or her parents are caught in a clash of cultures. Suggest two ways in which such culture clashes can be resolved.
Module: 11.3.3: A Clash of Cultures Between Peers and Parents
Learning Objective 11.3
Analyze It
Moderate
Risky Behavior in Adolescence
Learning Objective 11.4: Describe risk-taking behavior common to adolescence
11.160. How might brain development be linked to risk-taking in adolescence?
Module: 11.4.1: Risk Taking
Learning Objective 11.4
Analyze It
Difficult
11.161. Is alcohol consumption a problem in most high schools in the United States today? Explain your answer and cite relevant statistics to support your conclusion.
Module: 11.4.2: Use of Controlled Substances
Learning Objective 11.4
Evaluate It
Moderate
11.162. What is binge drinking and why is it a problem on most college campuses?
Module: 11.4.2: Use of Controlled Substances
Learning Objective 11.4
Analyze It
Moderate
11.163. What physiological effects does cigarette smoking have on the body? How dangerous it is to smoke cigarettes?
Module: 11.4.2: Use of Controlled Substances
Learning Objective 11.4
Apply What You Know
Moderate
11.164. Explain the effects that marijuana typically has on behavior.
Module: 11.4.2: Use of Controlled Substances
Learning Objective 11.4
Apply What You Know
Moderate
11.165. Are teenagers today more likely, or less likely, to use illicit drugs now than 40 years ago? Cite statistics that support your answer.
Module: 11.4.2: Use of Controlled Substances
Learning Objective 11.4
Apply What You Know
Difficult
11.166. Define the term delinquency and suggest two risk factors that are associated with this type of crime.
Module: 11.4.3: Delinquency
Learning Objective 11.4
Apply What You Know
Moderate
Stress and Resilience
Learning Objective 11.5: Evaluate how teens respond to psychological stressors
11.167. Explain why overstatements that incorrectly emphasize that adolescence is a period of intense psychological trauma can lead to poor outcomes.
Module: 11.5
Learning Objective 11.5
Analyze It
Moderate
11.168. Identify a risk factor for the development of depression that fits into each of the following three categories: biological, psychological, and social factors.
Module: 11.5.1: Depression
Learning Objective 11.5
Apply What You Know
Difficult
11.169. Is adolescent suicide a significant problem? Cite statistics to support your answer.
Module: 11.5.1: Depression
Learning Objective 11.5
Evaluate It
Moderate
11.170. Describe how the Internet can pose a threat for the sexual abuse of teenagers. Cite evidence to suggest how great his threat appears at present to be.
Module: 11.5.2: Sexual Abuse of Adolescents
Learning Objective 11.5
Evaluate It
Moderate
11.171. Identify a protective factor that helps adolescents achieve good developmental outcomes for each of the following three categories: individual characteristics, family characteristics, and sociocultural characteristics.
Module: 11.5.4: Protective Factors and Coping Responses
Learning Objective 11.5
Apply What You Know
Moderate
11.172. Define the term “resilience” and suggest an individual characteristic, a family characteristic, and a sociocultural characteristic that contributes to an individual adolescent’s resilience.
Module: 11.5.4: Protective Factors and Coping Responses
Learning Objective 11.5
Apply What You Know
Moderate
Essay questions:
Developmental Tasks of Adolescence
Learning Objective 11.1: Contextualize the formation of adolescent identity
11.173. Why is forming achieving autonomy typically considered the most important task of adolescence?
Module: 11.1.1: Achieving Autonomy
Learning Objective 11.1
Evaluate It
Moderate
11.174. How might an authoritarian parenting style contribute to prolonging an adolescent’s time spent in a foreclosure identity status?
Module: 11.1.1: Achieving Autonomy
Learning Objective 11.1
Evaluate It
Moderate
11.175. Describe the way a typical adolescent would move through the stages Marcia identified as being involved in identify formation: diffusion, moratorium, foreclosure, and identity achievement.
Module: 11.1.2: Forming an Identity
Learning Objective 11.1
Apply What You Know
Moderate
11.176. Which of Marcia’s stages of identify formation are you presently in? Give examples that support your conclusion about your own developmental progress through identity formation.
Module: 11.1.2: Forming an Identity
Learning Objective 11.1
Evaluate It
Difficult
11.177. Does the development of an identity during adolescence seem to depend to a large degree, or a small degree, on culture? Describe research that supports your answer.
Module: 11.1.2: Forming an Identity
Learning Objective 11.1
Evaluate It
Moderate
11.178. The text suggests that adolescents who are gay males or lesbians generally have a more difficult time in developing a secure identity than do adolescents with heterosexual orientation. Do you agree or disagree with the text’s assertion? Cite evidence to support your answer.
Module: 11.1.3: Identity Formation, Culture, and Context
Learning Objective 11.1
Evaluate It
Moderate
11.179. Provide two different explanations for the finding that today’s youth see “being well off financially” as a more important goal than have members of previous generations.
Module: 11.1.4: “Generation Me”
Learning Objective 11.1
Analyze It
Difficult
Peer Relationships During Adolescence
Learning Objective 11.2: Analyze trends in adolescent peer relationships
11.180. How do typical adolescent friendships change as children move through the period of adolescence?
Module: 11.2.1: Social Comparison
Learning Objective 11.2
Apply What You Know
Moderate
11.181. Is the use of social media by teenagers today a good or bad thing with respect to how it impacts healthy development? Cite evidence to support your answer.
Module 11.2.2: Friendships and Electronic Media
Learning Objective 11.2
Evaluate It
Difficult
11.182. How are cliques and crowds related to identity formation in adolescence? Include in your answer the role of social comparison in identity formation.
Module: 11.2.3: Cliques and Crowds
Learning Objective 11.2
Evaluate It
Difficult
11.183. Identify from your own experience a child who appeared to you to be an involuntary loner. Explain as best you can the factors that contributed to this child’s involuntary aloneness. Does your example of this adolescent support the text’s conclusion that oftentimes loners are adolescents who are different in some important way from others in their group?
Module: 11.2.3: Cliques and Crowds
Learning Objective 11.2
Evaluate It
Difficult
11.184. What can parents and teachers do to help a child who is an involuntary loner become better integrated into a peer group?
Module: 11.2.3: Cliques and Crowds
Learning Objective 11.2
Analyze It
Moderate
11.185. How do the expectations held by younger and older adolescents differ with respect to the functions of dating that are important?
Module: 11.2.4: Dating
Learning Objective 11.2
Analyze It
Moderate
Family Dynamics
Learning Objective 11.3: Relate family dynamics to adolescent development
11.186. What are the most important roles that parents play during the teenage years?
Module: 11.3.1: Intergenerational Communication; 11.3.2: Parenting Styles and Parental Monitoring
Learning Objective 11.3
Apply What You Know
Moderate
11.187. How might an authoritative parenting style contribute to the major adolescent task of achieving autonomy and independence?
Module: 11.3.2: Parenting Styles and Parental Monitoring
Learning Objective 11.3
Evaluate It
Difficult
11.188. What are the parenting characteristics that contribute most positively to the healthy development of children through adolescence?
Module: 11.3.2: Parenting Styles and Parental Monitoring
Learning Objective 11.3
Evaluate It
Difficult
11.189. Give an example of a clash of culture that you have experienced between an adolescent and his or her parents. (If you can’t think of a personal example, use a hypothetical example.) What factors contributed to this culture clash? What seemed to be the major point of conflict? What can parents do to help their adolescents work through such clashes of culture?
Module: 11.3.3: A Clash of Cultures Between Peers and Parents
Learning Objective 11.3
Evaluate It
Difficult
Risky Behavior in Adolescence
Learning Objective 11.4: Describe risk-taking behavior common to adolescence
11.190. Is risky behavior a normal part of adolescence for most teenagers? Explain why you answered this question the way you did, citing evidence to support your conclusion.
Module: 11.4.1: Risk Taking
Learning Objective 11.4
Evaluate It
Moderate
11.191. Suggest three factors that likely contribute to the finding that the percentage of people using illicit drugs peaks during late adolescence.
Module: 11.4.2: Use of Controlled Substances
Learning Objective 11.4
Apply What You Know
Moderate
11.192. Describe how illicit drug use has changed over the period from the 1970s to the present day. Suggest three social forces that help explain these changes.
Module: 11.4.2: Use of Controlled Substances
Learning Objective 11.4
Analyze It
Moderate
11.193. Do you think it is a good idea to have a separate label, delinquency, for adolescents who commit crimes? Why or why not?
Module: 11.4.3: Delinquency
Learning Objective 11.4
Evaluate It
Difficult
Stress and Resilience
Learning Objective 11.5: Evaluate how teens respond to psychological stressors
11.194. Suggest three reasons that might explain the gender difference seen in the incidence and prevalence of depression.
Module: 11.5.1: Depression
Learning Objective 11.5
Analyze It
Difficult
11.195. Explain what it means to say that depression results from an interaction of risk factors. Name two such risk factors and explain how they may interact to produce the symptoms of depression.
Module: 11.5.1: Depression
Learning Objective 11.5
Analyze It
Difficult
11.196. How have teenage suicide rates changed over the past five decades? Suggest three factors that may help explain this change.
Module: 11.5.1: Depression
Learning Objective 11.5
Analyze It
Difficult
11.197. How large a problem is sexual abuse of adolescents in the Unites Stated today? What are two negative outcomes associated with sexual abuse of teenagers?
Module: 11.5.2: Sexual Abuse of Adolescents
Learning Objective 11.5
Apply What You Know
Moderate
11.198. The text suggests that psychological problems are associated with several risk factors, some of which pertain to individual characteristics, some to family characteristics, and some to sociocultural characteristics. Taking the problem of depression as an example, suggest how specific risk factors in each of these three categories interact to predispose a given individual toward, or away from, the development of this illness.
Module: 11.5.3: Risk Factors for Psychological Problems; 11.5.4: Protective Factors and Coping Responses
Learning Objective 11.5
Evaluate It
Difficult
11.199. Explain the concept of resilience, using the development of depression as an example.
Module: 11.5.4: Protective Factors and Coping Responses
Learning Objective 11.5
Analyze It
Moderate
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