Willey Full Test Bank Chapter 24 Protists

Prescott's Microbiology, 11e (Willey)

Chapter 24 Protists

1) The simultaneous use of both organic and inorganic forms of carbon is called ________.

A) osmotrophy

B) omnitrophy

C) mixotrophy

D) metatrophy

2) When protists feed on solid nutrients such as bacteria by phagocytosis, they are said to be using ________ nutrition.

A) saprozoic

B) holozoic

C) endozoic

D) parasitic

3) All photosynthetic protists ________.

A) carry out oxygenic photosynthesis using two photosystems

B) carry out oxygenic photosynthesis using one photosystem

C) carry out anoxygenic photosynthesis using two photosystems

D) carry out anoxygenic photosynthesis using one photosystem

4) The study of algae is referred to as ________.

A) phycology

B) phytology

C) mycology

D) None of the choices are correct.

5) Which of the following statements is not true of protists?

A) Moisture is absolutely essential to their existence.

B) Most are free-living.

C) They make up a substantial fraction of the marine plankton.

D) They are not known to cause diseases of humans.

6) Which of the following characteristics is rare among protists?

A) Motility

B) Multicellular

C) Eukaryotic

D) None of these characteristics are rare among protists.

7) Trypanosomes that cause disease in humans escape destruction by the human immune system because they are resistant to phagocytosis.

8) Unlike Giardia, most members of Fornicata are harmless symbionts.

9) Recent evidence suggests that hydrogenosomes and mitochondria evolved from different endosymbiotically derived organelles.

10) Euglena use a contractile vacuole for osmotic regulation.

11) The pellicle of a Euglena cell consists of ________.

A) glycoproteins

B) polysaccharides

C) peptidoglycans

D) protein strips and microtubules

12) The cellulase-excreting protist that can account for up to one-third of the biomass of a termite is a member of the genus ________.

A) Hexamida

B) Trichomonas

C) Trichonympha

D) Euglena

13) A typical Euglena cell is elongated and bounded by a ________.

A) protuberance

B) pellicle

C) cytoproct

D) plasmalemma

14) Which of the following is found in the intestine of termites and produces enzymes needed to digest wood particles?

A) Giardia

B) Trichomonas

C) Trichonympha

D) Nyctotherus

15) Which of the following is a unique organelle found within some protists but not in higher animal cells?

A) Mitochondrion

B) Contractile vacuole

C) Golgi apparatus

D) Endoplasmic reticulum

16) The most common method of asexual reproduction in protists is ________.

A) budding

B) cytokinesis

C) fission

D) fragmentation

17) Some anaerobic protists obtain energy using ________.

A) mitochondria

B) cytochromes

C) hydrogenosomes

D) All of the choices are correct.

18) Pigment is contained in an eyespot or ________ that helps certain organisms orient to light.

19) Acellular slime molds form a large multinucleate mass called a(n) ________.

20) Sexual reproduction in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum involves the production of special spores called ________.

A) amoeba flagellates

B) macrocysts

C) sporozoites

D) discoidia

21) Which of the following is not a type of pseudopod found in protozoa?

A) Lobopodia

B) Peripodia

C) Reticulopodia

D) Filopodia

22) A cyst formed by a protist functions ________.

A) as a protective mechanism against adverse changes in the environment

B) in repair of damage to the cell envelope

C) in transfer from one host to the next

D) as a protective mechanism against adverse changes in the environment and in transfer from one host to the next

23) Foraminifera are a type of protist that ________.

A) help in estimating the age of ocean deposits

B) move by means of flagella

C) cause malaria

D) are associated with human disease

24) Filopodia supported by microtubules that are used primarily in feeding are called ________.

A) lobopodia

B) reticulopodia

C) axopodia

D) micropodia

25) Most radiolaria have an internal skeleton made of ________.

A) microtubules

B) glycoproteins

C) cellulose

D) siliceous material

26) Protist cells that produce gametes for sexual reproduction are called ________.

27) ________ from foraminifera make up the White Cliffs of Dover and the stones used to build the great pyramids.

28) ________ produce 40 to 50% of the organic carbon in the ocean.

29) Diatoms have a distinctive two-piece cell wall of silica called a frustule.

30) Species of dinoflagellates are responsible for much of the phosphorescence seen in ocean waters at night.

31) The Stramenopila are a very large and diverse group that all possess ________ at some point in their life cycle.

A) a macronucleus

B) chloroplasts

C) an exoskeleton

D) heterokont flagella

32) Some ciliophora can discharge toxic threadlike darts called ________, which are used in capturing prey.

A) spikes

B) spicules

C) toxicysts

D) toxipodia

33) A protist with two flagella where one is wrapped around a transverse groove and the other is draped in a longitudinal groove would be a member of which group?

A) Ciliophora

B) Dinoflagellate

C) Trypanosome

D) Oomycete

34) Apicomplexan organisms such as Plasmodium possess a motile, infective stage called the ________.

A) sporozoite

B) trophozoite

C) apizoite

D) None of the choices are correct.

35) Which of the following groups is responsible for toxic red tides?

A) Dinoflagellates

B) Diatoms

C) Trypanosomes

D) Foraminifera

36) Diatoms ________.

A) are photosynthetic with frustules composed of two halves

B) can reproduce asexually

C) are motile by virtue of having flagella

D) are photosynthetic with frustules composed of two halves and can reproduce asexually

37) Those dinoflagellates that live in an intimate association with corals are called ________.

A) zooxanthellae

B) parasites

C) lichens

D) phytoplankton

38) In labyrinthulids, the nonflagellated stage of the life cycle features spindle-shaped cells that form complex colonies that glide rapidly along an ________ net made by the organism.

A) ectoplasmic

B) endoplasmic

C) protoplasmic

D) pellicular

39) Ciliate sexual reproduction by conjugation differs from sexual reproduction in most animals in that ________.

A) both parents are converted into zygotes

B) meiosis occurs in both partners

C) cell fusion occurs during fertilization

D) the zygotic nucleus is diploid

40) Which of the following ciliates produces the disease "ick" in fish?

A) Entodinium

B) Nyctotherus

C) Ichthyophthirius

D) Balantidium

41) Which of the following apicomplexan genera cause coccidiosis in chickens?

A) Pneumocystis

B) Eimeria

C) Plasmodium

D) Toxoplasma

42) The apical complex in the apicomplexans ________.

A) is located at one end of the cell

B) aids in penetration of host cells

C) contains mitochondria

D) is located at one end of the cell and aids in penetration of host cells

43) Protothecosis is an infection of humans or animals that is caused by a chlorophyte (green algae).

44) The Chloroplastida (green algae) include a wide diversity of forms ranging from unicellular to colonial individuals.

45) If plants originated from an organism like Chlamydomonas, then the origin of plants involved the loss of ________.

A) chloroplasts

B) microtubules

C) cell walls

D) flagella

46) Which of the following is not true of the Chloroplastida (green algae)?

A) Their cell walls contain chitin.

B) They are found in fresh and salt water.

C) They have chlorophylls a and b.

D) They store carbohydrates as starch.

47)  Upon ingestion of a food particle by a protozoan, the food particle is in a(n) ________.

A) lysosome

B) mitochondrion

C) phagocytic vacuole

D) endoplasmic reticulum

48) After ingestion of a food particle, pH changes and enzymes contributed by the ________ will digest and hydrolyze the ingested particle in the phagocytic vacuole.

A) mitochondria

B) lysosome

C) plasma membrane

D) endoplasmic reticulum

49) Which of the following would inhibit binary fission in protists, but not in bacteria?

A) Blocking DNA replication

B) Blocking RNA synthesis

C) Blocking spindle function

D) Blocking ribosome function

50) Sexual reproduction in protists involves diverse strategies. Which of the following is common to all types of sexual reproduction in protists?

A) Syngamy

B) Isogamy

C) Heterogamy

D) Anisogamy

E) Conjugation

51) Which of the following statements best describes the difference between mitosomes and mitochondria?

A) Mitosomes have one membrane whereas mitochondria have a double membrane.

B) Mitosomes are not involved in ATP production.

C) Mitosomes are much larger than mitochondria.

D) Mitosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that help the protozoan digest food particles.

52) In which of the following locations would you be most likely to find a species of Euglena?

A) Rumen of a dairy cow

B) Intestine of humans

C) Pond

D) Garden soil

53) If a population of termites were treated with a chemical that destroyed all of the trichonymphids living in their gut, what would be the most likely consequence?

A) The  individual termites would grow to be much larger.

B) The termites would die because they would not be able to digest cellulose in wood.

C) The termites would be able reproduce more rapidly and their population would expand.

D) The termites would turn to alternative sources of nutrients.

54) Trichomoniasis in humans is caused by a member of the ________ group of protists.

A) Fornicata

B) Parabasalia

C) Euglenozoa

D) Amoebozoa

55) Select the disease(s) caused by trypanosomes.

A) Chagas' Disease

B) Trichomoniasis

C) Giardiasis

D) Leishmaniasis

E) African Sleeping Sickness

56) Both Chagas' disease and African sleeping sickness are ________-borne diseases.

57) You're describing a newly discovered protozoa that has long filamentous pseudopods. Which term best fits these pseudopods?

A) Lobopods

B) Hyphopods

C) Reticulopods

D) Filopods

58) What is the most likely role of the tests in a testate amoeba?

A) Provide motility

B) Concentrate nutrients

C) Provide protection

D) Enable adherence to surfaces

59) Some amoebae have a covering over their plasma membrane. These amoebae are referred to as ________ amoebae.

60) What conditions result in the release of cAMP from Dictyostelium discoideum?

A) Abundance of nutrients

B) Adequate moisture

C) Shortage of nutrients

D) Presence of predatory bacteria

61) What are the results of the release of cAMP from Dictyostelium discoideum?

A) The cells develop flagella.

B) The cells form cysts until the growing conditions improve.

C) The larger cells cannibalize the smaller, less developed cells.

D) The cells aggregate, forming a large motile multicellular slug that serves as a precursor to the development of a fruiting body.

62) Which would be the most likely location to find a slime mold?

A) Swiftly running stream

B) Animal gastrointestinal tract

C) Pond

D) Rotting log

63) Axopodia of Rhizaria are used for feeding rather than for motility.

64) Filopodia that are supported by microtubules are known as ________.

A) axopodia

B) lophopodia

C) micropodia

D) reticulopodia

E) tubulopodia

65) What is/are the role(s) of clia in a ciliate? (Check all that apply.)

A) Assist with cell fusion in sexual reproduction

B) Move the organism through a liquid environment

C) Direct food particles toward the cytostome

D) Adhere to surfaces

66) Which statement about the macronucleus and the micronucleus of ciliates is correct?

A) The micronucleus transmits genetic information through mitosis and meiosis, while the macronucleus maintains routine cellular functions.

B) The macronucleus is diploid and the micronucleus is haploid.

C) The micronucleus is formed by fission of the macronucleus.

D) The macronucleus forms by the fusion of micronuclei from two different mating types.

67) What is the role of the apical complex in apicomplexans?

A) The apical complex is a motility structure that enables cell movement.

B) The apical complex enables the apicomplexan to penetrate and bore into a host cell.

C) The apical complex is a feeding structure through which small food particles are taken in.

D) The apical complex is a defensive structure that is used to destroy bacteria.

68) All of the following are true statements about events that occur in the apicomplexan life cycle EXCEPT ________.

A) the life cycles include both sexual and asexual stages

B) the sporozoite is the motile infective stage

C) often two completely different organisms host different stages of the life cycle

D) the haploid and diploid generations alternate

E) There is no exception here. All of these statements are true.

69) Select the disease(s) that is(are) caused by apicomplexans.

A) Malaria

B) Trypanosomiasis

C) Cryptosporidiosis

D) Lyme disease

E) Giardiasis

70) The stramenopiles are an extremely diverse group of organisms which would appear to have very little in common with one another. The one unifying feature in this group is the presence of _________  ________ at some point in the life cycle.

71) What is the most likely reason the peronsporomycetes were originally thought to be fungi?

A) Macroscopic appearance of fuzzy growth

B) Cell wall composition

C) Yeast like cellular morphology

D) Life cycle similar to that of many fungi

72) Which of the following morphologies are seen among the Chloroplastida?

A) Filamentous

B) Unicellular

C) Colonial

D) Sheet-like

E) All of the choices are correct.

73) All of these statements about Chlamydomonas are true EXCEPT ________.

A) Chlamydomonas only reproduces asexually

B) Chlamydomonas has two flagella

C) each motile Chlamydomonas cell has a single haploid nucleus

D) Chlamydomonas is photoautotrophic

74) Contractile vacuoles maintain osmotic balance by ________.

A) expelling water from the cell

B) drawing water into the cell

C) filtering ions 

D) sensing surrounding moisture levels

75) Which of the following are characteristics of mitosomes? (Check all that apply.)

A) Mitosomes are involved in energy production.

B) Mitosomes help produce FeS proteins.

C) Mitosomes are bound by two membranes.

D) Mitosomes are not evolutionarily linked to mitochondria.

76) Which of the following Excavata members have hydrogenosomes?

A) Trichomonadida

B) Trichonymphida

C) Fornicata

D) Euglenozoa

77) A patient in the United States complains of severe diarrhea after drinking water on a camping trip. This patient has most likely consumed ________ ________. 

78) While members of Tubulinea are normally found in marine or freshwater environments, they can also be found in ventilation ducts where they feed on bacterial biofilms. 

79) All Entamoeba are harmful to their hosts.

80) Which of the following characteristics best distinguishes dinoflagellates from the other Alveolata?

A) All dinoflagellates have two distinctively placed flagella.

B) All dinoflagellates are photoautotrophic. 

C) All dinoflagellates are free-living.

D) All dinoflagellates have a macronucleus and micronucleus.