Ch25 Test Bank Answers Fungi

Prescott's Microbiology, 11e (Willey)

Chapter 25 Fungi

1) Most fungi secure their nutrients from dead organic matter and are therefore called ________.

2) Fungi are essential in industrial production of many foods and spirits.

3) Like some bacteria, fungal cells secrete enzymes that promote exodigestion after which the released nutrients are transported into the cell across the plasma membrane.

4) Yeast are true eukaryotes with a nucleus, mitochondria, and other membrane bound organelles including flagella.

5) Recent analysis indicates that the chytrids are the most primitive division of fungi and that a single event resulted in the loss of flagella in the more advanced fungi.

6) Some chytrids have true mycelia, but others may consist of a single cell or a small multinucleate mass.

7) Fungal spores are usually responsible for the bright colors and fluffy textures of the molds that produce them.

8) When infecting host plants, Glomeromycetes form specialized flat hyphae called ________ that enable penetration and subsequent reproduction within the host.

9) Although mating in yeast strains leads to sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction by budding predominates when cultured on rich growth medium.

10) Most basidiomycetes are autotrophs that decompose plant debris, especially cellulose and lignin.

11) The ustilaginomycete Ustilago maydis is ________; plant-associated fungi grow in the ________ form but are yeastlike in the external environment.

12) Edible truffles are in the fungal group termed ________, while edible mushrooms are in the fungal group termed ________.

13) The common fungus Polyporus squamous forms large shelf-like structures that project from the lower portion of dead trees.

14) The ________ are fungi that lack mitochondria, peroxisomes, and centrioles.

15) Fungi are found primarily in which of the following environments?

A) Marine

B) Freshwater

C) Terrestrial

D) Arboreal

16) Fungi can form functional associations with which of the following?

A) Plant roots

B) Phototrophic microbes

C) Animals

D) Plant roots and phototrophic microbes

17) Diseases in animals caused by fungi are called ________.

A) funguses

B) mycoses

C) dictyoses

D) cystoses

18) The primary ecological function of fungi is that of ________.

A) producer

B) consumer

C) pathogen

D) decomposer

19) Fungi digest macromolecules by ________.

A) phagocytosis

B) intracellular digestion

C) extracellular enzyme activity

D) active transport

20) Which of the following is not true about yeast?

A) Yeast contain two or more nuclei.

B) Yeast reproduce either asexually by budding or sexually through spore formation.

C) Yeast are larger than most bacteria.

D) Yeast possess eukaryotic organelles.

21) Fungi ________.

A) are eukaryotic organisms

B) produce chlorophyll under aerobic conditions

C) are prokaryotes or eukaryotes, depending on the species

D) produce chlorophyll under aerobic conditions and are prokaryotes or eukaryotes, depending on the species

22) Fungi ________.

A) absorb nutrients from the environment

B) take in food by phagocytosis

C) generate ATP and reducing equivalents by photosynthesis

D) All of the choices are correct.

23) Features that are useful for identification of fungal species include ________.

A) presence of a membrane bound nucleus

B) ability to produce chlorophyll a

C) size, shape color, and number of spores

D) All of the choices are correct.

24) The tangled mass or tissue-like aggregation in a mold is called a ________.

A) hyphae

B) hypha

C) mycelium

D) thallus

25) The common bread mold Rhizopus stolonifer belongs to the ________.

A) Zygomycota

B) Ascomycota

C) Basidiomycota

D) Glomeromycota

26) The toxin that allows Rhizopus to cause the rice disease known as seedling blight is actually produced by ________ growing within the fungus.

A) Staphylococcus

B) Burkholderia

C) Clostridium

D) Staphylococcus or Burkholderia, but not Clostridium

E) None of the choices are correct.

27) Zygomycetes live on ________.

A) bread

B) organic matter in the soil

C) fruits and vegetables

D) All of the choices are correct.

28) Which of the following is not found among the zygomycetes?

A) Saprophytic nutrition

B) Nonseptate hyphae

C) Flagellated cells

D) Fusion of gametes

29) The ________ are of critical ecological importance because most are endomycorrhizal symbionts of vascular plants.

A) Glomeromycota

B) Basidiomycota

C) Deuteromycota

D) Zygomycota

30) The ________ of the glomeromycetes do not penetrate host root cells; instead, the fungal hyphae grow between and around cells.

A) arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphae

B) progametangia hyphae

C) ectomycorrhizal hyphae

D) stolon hyphae

31) Asexual reproduction is common in the filamentous ascomycetes and is associated with the production of ________.

A) basidia

B) conidia

C) ascospores

D) zoospores

32) The sac fungi are distinguished from all other groups of fungi because their reproductive structures are ________.

A) inside an ascus

B) borne on basidia

C) zygospores

D) motile

33) The fungus used in the production of saki and soy sauce is ________.

A) Aspergillus oryzae

B) Aspergillus fumigatus

C) Aspergillus nidulans

D) Saccharomyces cerevisiae

34) Asexual spores such as conidia develop by the process of ________.

A) meiosis

B) mitosis

C) parthenogenesis

D) fission

35) The hallucinogen LSD is a product of ________.

A) yeasts

B) zygomycetes

C) ascomycetes

D) basidiomycetes

36) Which of the following yeasts is not pathogenic to humans?

A) Saccharomyces

B) Candida

C) Cryptococcus

D) Saccharomyces and Cryptococcus

37) The ascomycetes are named for their characteristic reproductive structure called a(n) ________.

A) hypha

B) ascus

C) thallus

D) ascocarp

38) Asexual reproduction in fungi can be accomplished by ________.

A) binary fission

B) hyphal fragmentation

C) budding of somatic vegetative cells

D) All of the choices are correct.

39) All of the following are included in the Basidiomycetes EXCEPT ________.

A) stolons

B) puffballs

C) yeasts

D) smuts

40) The fruiting body of members of the Basidiomycota can produce millions of ________.

A) gametes

B) spores

C) rhizoids

D) zygotes

41) The rusts of grain crops are good examples of ________.

A) ascomycetes

B) basidiomycetes

C) zygomycetes

D) Rusts fall in several different fungal groupings.

42) In mushrooms, the sexual spores are produced in a(n) ________.

A) basidium

B) ascus

C) sporophyte

D) sporangiophore

43) Toadstools are good examples of ________.

A) zygomycetes

B) ascomycetes

C) basidiomycetes

D) yeasts

44) A basidium ________.

A) is found within basidiocarp (fruiting body)

B) is produced at the tip of hyphae

C) is club-shaped

D) All of the choices are correct.

45) Human pathogens of the genus Encephalitozoon belong to the ________ and cause encephalitis.

A) Microsporidia

B) Glomeromycota

C) Urediniomycetes

D) Chytridiomycota

Match the term with its description.

A) Budding

B) Conidia

C) Zoospores

46) Found at the tips of special hyphae

47) Method of asexual reproduction demonstrated by yeast cells

48) Associated with the reproduction of aquatic fungi

Match the description with the type of spore.

A) Asexually-produced spore produced by the fragmentation of hyphae

B) Sexually-produced spores, produced within a club-shaped structure

C) Asexual spore formed by a budding process

D) Sexually-produced spores protected within a sac-like structure

49) Blastospores

50) Ascospores

51) Arthroconidia

52) Basidiospores

53) In which of the following is the presence of different mating types critical to sexual reproduction?

A) Homothallic species

B) Heterothallic species

C) Sporangiospore-producing species

D) Arthrospore-producing species

54) Which of the following strategies of sexual reproduction will result in the most genetic diversity?

A) Sexual reproduction of homothallic species

B) Sexual reproduction via sporangiospores

C) Sexual reproduction via arthroconidia

D) Sexual reproduction of heterothallic species

55) Which of the following best describes a dikaryotic fungus?

A) A fungus in which the hyphae repeatedly branch forming a network

B) A stage in sexual reproduction of some fungi in which plasmogamy has occurred, but karyogamy  has not

C) A stage in sexual reproduction of some fungi, in which both plasmogamy and karyogamy have occurred

D) A fungus that produces a branched fruiting body

56) Which of the following genetic notations refers to a dikaryotic fungal stage?

A) n

B) 2n

C) n + n

D) 2n + 2n

E) 2n + n

57) Fungi are decomposers, converting carbon from CO2 into organic macromolecules.

58) Among the fungi, which feature is uniquely present in the chytrids?

A) Cell wall composed of mannans

B) Pellicle

C) Polysaccharide capsule

D) Flagella

59) All of the following are common habitats or hosts of chytrids EXCEPT ________.

A) freshwater

B) mud

C) soil

D) the human intestine

E) insects

60) What group of fungi is largely responsible for the reduction in amphibian populations worldwide?

A) Chytridomycetes

B) Basidiomycetes

C) Glomerulomycetes

D) Ascomycetes

E) Microsporidia

61) A newly described fungal species has been isolated from the rumen of sheep. It is microscopic, unicellular, and produces spores that have a flagellum. This species will most likely be classified as a(n) ________.

A) Basidiomycete

B) Ascomycete

C) Microsporidia

D) Glomerulomycete

E) Chytridomycete

62) Chytrids usually develop long branching hyphae that form a visible mycelium on the surface of leaf litter in the soil.

63) The spores that are released when the zygospore splits open are ________.

A) diploid

B) triploid

C) haploid

D) motile

E) sterile

64) Rhizopus will switch from asexual to sexual reproduction when it is in an unfavorable, nutrient-poor environment.

65) Tempeh and sufu are food products made from soybeans. Which fungal group is responsible for the production of these two food products?

A) Basidiomycetes

B) Ascomycetes

C) Glomerulomycetes

D) Zygomycetes

E) Microsporidia

66) Which fungal group includes organisms used for the manufacture of anesthetics, birth control agents, industrial alcohols, meat tenderizers, and yellow food coloring?

A) Basidiomycetes

B) Ascomycetes

C) Glomerulomycetes

D) Zygomycetes

E) Microsporidia

67) During sexual reproduction, Saccharomyces cerevisiae forms haploid spores that are enclosed in a sac. Therefore Saccharomyces is classified as a(n) ________.

A) glomerulomycete

B) ascomycete

C) basidiomycete

D) cryptomycete

E) chytrid

68) During sexual reproduction, Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces blastospores.

69) Which of the following conditions would encourage the development of sclerotia?

A) Nutrient-rich

B) Warm, humid

C) Nutrient-poor

D) Nutrient-rich and warm and humid

70) What is the function of sclerotia?

A) Survival in stressful conditions

B) Sexual reproduction

C) Asexual reproduction

D) Waste disposal

71) Which of the following organisms produces the toxin associated with St. Anthony's Fire (ergotism)?

A) Aspergillus nidulans

B) Claviceps purpurea

C) Amanita phalloides

D) Stachybotrys chartarum

72) Which of the following organisms is responsible for "sick building syndrome?"

A) Aspergillus nidulans

B) Claviceps purpurea

C) Amanita phalloides

D) Stachybotrys chartarum

73) On what basis have Microsporidia been classified as fungi?

A) Lack of mitochondria

B) Presence of mitosomes

C) Analysis of ribosomal RNA

D) Presence of a polar tube

E) Role as an obligate intracellular parasite

74) Microsporidia have a unique organelle, the ________ ________ that is used to invade the host cell.

75) Which of the following human diseases can be caused by microsporidia? (Check all that apply.)

A) Diarrhea

B) Nephritis

C) Contact dermatitis

D) Pneumonia

E) Encephalitis

76) Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infects the skin of amphibians and leads to their death by blocking ________ ________.

77) How do glomeromycetes benefit from their mutualistic relationships with plant hosts?

A) The plant provides carbohydrates for the fungus.

B) The plant delivers soil nutrients to the fungus.

C) The plant provides water for the fungus.

D) The plant protects the fungus from predation.

78) Urediniomycetes are the class of basidiomycetes that cause plant rusts.

79) The small basidia that form during a Ustilago maydis infection in corn trigger the plant to form ________.

Match the following characteristics of microsporidia with their similarities to either fungus or protist features.

A) Fungus

B) Protist

80) Possess mitosomes

81) Chitin and trehalose in cell walls