Verified Test Bank McKinley Tissue Organization Chapter 5

Anatomy & Physiology, 3e (McKinley)

Chapter 5 Tissue Organization

1) Epithelial tissue tends to be richly innervated and highly regenerative.

2) Which tissue type covers body surfaces and lines the inside of organs and body cavities?

A) Muscle

B) Connective

C) Epithelial

D) Nervous

E) None of the choices is correct.

3) In what tissue would you expect to find very little, if any, extracellular matrix?

A) Muscle tissue

B) Nervous tissue

C) Immune tissue

D) Epithelial tissue

E) Connective tissue

4) Which feature is not characteristic of epithelial tissue?

A) Polarity

B) Cells connected to each other by intercellular junctions

C) High regeneration capacity

D) Attachment to a basement membrane

E) Large amount of extracellular matrix

5) Which of the following is not a function of epithelial tissue?

A) Secretion

B) Physical protection

C) Selective permeability

D) Sensation

E) No exceptions; these are all functions of epithelial tissue.

6) Groups of similar cells and extracellular products that carry out a common function are called

A) organs.

B) organ systems.

C) matrices.

D) tissues.

7) Which is avascular (lacks blood vessels)?

A) Epithelial tissue

B) Muscle tissue

C) Nervous tissue

D) Connective tissue

E) All of the choices are correct.

8) What specialized feature of an epithelium consists of a reticular lamina, a lamina densa, and a lamina lucida?

A) Microfilament

B) Desmosome

C) Fenestrated membrane

D) Basement membrane

E) Plasma membrane

9) A ________ epithelium consists of a single layer of flattened cells attached directly to a basement membrane.

A) simple columnar

B) simple squamous

C) simple cuboidal

D) stratified squamous

E) stratified cuboidal

10) Which type of epithelium is composed of multiple layers, including an apical layer containing tall, slender cells?

A) Simple squamous

B) Simple columnar

C) Pseudostratified squamous

D) Stratified squamous

E) Stratified columnar

11) The walls of kidney tubules are formed by ________ epithelium, which functions in resorbing materials filtered from blood plasma such as nutrients, ions, and water.

A) simple cuboidal

B) simple squamous

C) stratified cuboidal

D) stratified squamous

E) stratified columnar

12) The tissue in which all cells contact the basement membrane, even though some appear (at first glance) to be stacked on top of others, is called ________ columnar epithelium.

13) In serving their roles as gatekeepers, epithelial tissues demonstrate selective ________.

14) Which of the following is not lined by nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

A) Oral cavity

B) Pharynx

C) Vagina

D) Esophagus

E) Small intestine

15) Microscopic folds that extend from the apical surface of certain epithelia to increase the surface area for absorption and secretion are called

A) cilia.

B) microvilli.

C) flagella.

D) mucus.

E) desmosomes.

16) If you gently rub your thumb and forefinger together, each finger is contacting

A) simple squamous epithelium.

B) keratinized simple squamous epithelium.

C) keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

D) nonkeratinized simple squamous epithelium.

E) nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

17) Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium is found lining

A) portions of the respiratory system.

B) the larger blood vessels.

C) the oviduct.

D) large kidney tubules.

E) ducts of sweat glands.

18) The type of epithelium that lines the urinary bladder and may include some binucleated cells is called ________ epithelium.

A) stratified squamous nonkeratinized

B) stratified squamous keratinized

C) pseudostratified

D) transitional

E) simple squamous

19) What type of epithelium would be most suited for high levels of diffusion and filtration?

A) Simple squamous

B) Stratified squamous

C) Pseudostratified

D) Transitional

E) Stratified columnar

20) The lining of the air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) is comprised of what epithelium?

A) Simple squamous

B) Simple columnar

C) Simple cuboidal

D) Stratified squamous

E) Transitional

21) Which type of epithelial tissue would be the least protective?

A) Stratified keratinized

B) Stratified nonkeratinized

C) Simple columnar

D) Transitional

E) Simple squamous

22) Epithelial tissues have an attached (basal) border and a free (apical) border. This arrangement is known as

A) bilateral symmetry.

B) distal orientation.

C) polarity.

D) proximal orientation.

E) lateral flexibility.

23) In nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue, the cells in the superficial layers are dead.

24) What is a gland?

25) Exocrine glands secrete hormones into the blood.

26) If you were to rub your finger over the surface of your face, you would notice that the skin is oily. What makes up the oil?

A) Waste material from cellular metabolism

B) Waste material (bilirubin) from dead red blood cells

C) Ruptured cells from sebaceous glands

D) Extracellular fluid not drained by the lymphatic system

E) Plasma leakage from damaged blood vessels

27) You would most likely find goblet cells in what type of tissue?

A) Cartilage

B) Nervous tissue

C) Muscle tissue

D) Bone

E) Epithelial tissue

28) If a person were unable to form saliva, what type of gland could be missing or malfunctioning?

A) Merocrine glands

B) Holocrine glands

C) Apocrine glands

29) When mucin mixes with water, it becomes

A) fatty tissue.

B) solid.

C) mucus.

D) bone.

E) muscle.

30) Which of the following is not secreted by glands?

A) Mucin

B) Hormones

C) DNA

D) Enzymes

E) Waste products

31) Endocrine glands

A) possess short ducts and secrete their products directly onto the skin surface.

B) lack ducts and secrete their products onto the skin surface.

C) possess ducts to secrete their products into the bloodstream or into interstitial fluid.

D) lack ducts and secrete their products into the bloodstream or into interstitial fluid.

E) secrete mucus directly into a body cavity.

32) The type of exocrine gland in which the entire cell disintegrates, liberating any accumulated products, is the ________ gland.

A) apocrine

B) merocrine

C) goblet cell

D) holocrine

E) None of the choices is correct.

33) Endocrine glands secrete

A) sweat.

B) hormones.

C) saliva.

D) digestive enzymes.

E) All of the choices are correct.

34) An exocrine gland has two parts:

A) a duct and a basement membrane.

B) a basement membrane and a goblet cell.

C) a brush border and a glandular portion.

D) an acinus and a brush border.

E) a duct and a secretory portion.

35) Clusters of cells that make up the secretory portion of an exocrine gland are known as ________.

36) Which primary tissue type would be represented by blood, body fat, ligaments and tendons, dermis of the skin, and the cartilage of some joints?

A) Epithelial tissue

B) Connective tissue

C) Nervous tissue

D) Muscle tissue

E) None of the choices is correct.

37) Which of the primary tissue types is most widely distributed throughout the body?

A) Connective

B) Muscle

C) Nervous

D) Epithelium

38) All connective tissues have three features in common. They are

A) cells, protein fibers, and mucus.

B) cells, hormones, and protein fibers.

C) protein fibers, a liquid portion, and ground substance.

D) cells, a liquid portion, and protein fibers.

E) cells, protein fibers, and ground substance.

39) In connective tissue, the extracellular matrix consists of

A) cells and ground substance.

B) protein fibers and ground substance.

C) cells and protein fibers.

D) ground substance and intracellular fluid.

E) ground substance only.

40) All connective tissue is formed from which embryonic germ layer?

A) Endoderm

B) Ectoderm

C) Mucoderm

D) Mesoderm

E) Epiderm

41) Which is the first type of connective tissue to form in the embryo and the source of all other adult connective tissues?

A) Mesenchyme

B) Mucous

C) Adipose

D) Areolar

E) Umbilical

42) Mesenchyme is found only in the umbilical cord.

43) Which cell type, found in connective tissue proper and close to blood vessels, secretes heparin and histamine?

A) Plasma cell

B) Adipocyte

C) Mast cell

D) Fibroblast

E) Mesenchymal cell

44) Which cell type, found in connective tissue proper, is formed from monocytes and serves to phagocytize damaged cells or pathogens?

A) Macrophage

B) Plasma cell

C) Mast cell

D) Mesenchymal cell

E) Adipocytes

45) Flat cells with tapered ends that are the most abundant resident cells in connective tissue proper are known as ________.

46) A large molecule made up of a glycosaminoglycan linked to a protein is known as a ________.

47) Describe three functions of connective tissue and provide an example for each.

48) Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are polysaccharides.

49) Which type of connective tissue protein fiber forms a meshlike framework that provides structural support within many organs (within the spleen, for example)?

A) Collagen fibers

B) Reticular fibers

C) Elastic fibers

D) Mucoid fibers

E) Cartilaginous fibers

50) Connective tissue proper is divided into two broad categories: loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue. This classification is based upon the

A) location of the tissue.

B) size of the cells present.

C) relative proportions of cells, fibers, and ground substance present.

D) number of different cells types and their respective arrangement.

E) origin of the tissue type.

51) Many connective tissues play a role in immune protection.

52) Which type of connective tissue is found in the papillary layer of the dermis and contains all of the cell types of connective tissue proper? 

A) Adipose

B) Reticular

C) Dense irregular

D) Dense regular

E) Areolar

53) Which type of connective tissue predominates in the deep portion of the dermis, where it lends strength to the skin?

A) Adipose

B) Dense regular

C) Dense irregular

D) Cartilage

E) Areolar

54) The most common type of cartilage, named for its glassy appearance, is

A) fibrocartilage.

B) hyaline cartilage.

C) elastic cartilage.

D) reticular cartilage.

E) areolar cartilage.

55) Which feature is found in both cartilage and bone?

A) Chondrocyte

B) Osteocyte

C) Perichondrium

D) Central canal

E) Lacuna

56) The internal feature of bone that makes it simultaneously strong and lightweight is the

A) presence of cartilage.

B) latticework structure of spongy bone.

C) pattern of osteons.

D) areolar connective tissue in the central cavity.

E) arrangement of collagenous fibers.

57) What unit of bone consists of a central canal (containing blood vessels, nerves, and lymph vessels) surrounded by concentric rings of calcified matrix?

A) Canaliculus

B) Lamella

C) Osteon

D) Osteocyte

E) Trabeculum

58) Some bone interiors contain hemopoietic tissue, which functions in

A) storing fat.

B) producing hormones.

C) making connective tissue fibers.

D) producing blood cells.

E) breaking down toxins.

59) Plasma is

A) a liquid ground substance containing dissolved proteins.

B) a dissolved ground matrix and a lining of epithelial cells.

C) a liquefied ground substance that includes several dissolved cells.

D) platelets, red blood cells, and white blood cells.

E) platelets and a watery ground substance.

60) There are four types of body membranes. Select the exception.

A) Serous

B) Cutaneous

C) Mucous

D) Cartilaginous

E) Synovial

61) The type of membrane that prevents desiccation, provides lubrication, and traps bacteria and foreign particles is

A) serous.

B) cutaneous.

C) mucous.

D) cartilaginous.

E) synovial.

62) The largest of the body membranes, commonly called the skin, is the ________ membrane.

A) serous

B) cutaneous

C) mucous

D) cartilaginous

E) synovial

63) The heart is confined within a double-walled serous membrane sac. The part of the membrane that is in contact with the heart is the ________ layer.

A) serous

B) visceral

C) parietal

D) synovial

E) mesothelial

64) Synovial membranes are composed of areolar connective tissue covered with ________ epithelial cells.

A) squamous

B) cuboidal

C) columnar

D) pseudostratified

65) The type of membrane that lines many of the body's joints is a ________ membrane.

A) serous

B) mucous

C) cutaneous

D) synovial

E) metastatic

66) The type of muscle that has elongated, multinucleated cells and is under voluntary control is ________ muscle.

A) skeletal

B) cardiac

C) smooth

67) Cardiac muscle is also known as visceral muscle.

68) What type of muscle contains intercalated discs?

A) Skeletal

B) Cardiac

C) Smooth

69) The type of muscle that is found in blood vessel walls is ________ muscle.

A) skeletal

B) cardiac

C) smooth

70) Intercalated discs are made up of gap junctions and ________.

71) Dendrites

A) transmit signals away from the cell body.

B) transmit signals toward the cell body.

C) manufacture proteins to be used by the neuron.

D) use hormones to transmit information.

E) release neurotransmitter.

72) Axons

A) transmit signals away from the cell body.

B) transmit signals toward the cell body.

C) manufacture proteins to be used by the neuron.

D) use hormones to transmit information.

E) None of the choices is correct.

73) Glial cells transmit impulses.

74) The nucleus of a neuron is found in its

A) glioma.

B) axon.

C) cell body.

D) dendrite.

75) Some neurons are longer than 1 meter.

76) The general name given to the phenomenon that occurs when a mature epithelium changes to a different form is

A) mesothelia.

B) hyperplasia.

C) hypertrophy.

D) metaplasia.

E) neoplasia.

77) The ________ is the primary germ layer from which the brain and the rest of the nervous system develops.

78) All muscle tissue develops from mesoderm.

79) Which list is in correct developmental order?

A) Zygote, blastocyst, embryo

B) Blastocyst, embryo, zygote

C) Zygote, embryo, blastocyst

D) Blastocyst, zygote, embryo

80) The epithelial linings of the respiratory and digestive systems develop from the

A) ectoderm.

B) endoderm.

C) mesoderm.

D) lumenoderm.

81) When hyperplasia proceeds out of control, a tumor may develop. This condition is termed

A) hypertrophy.

B) neoplasia.

C) atrophy.

D) metaplasia.

E) fibrosis.

82) Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in a tissue.

83) Shrinkage of tissue by a decrease in either cell number or cell size is termed

A) hypertrophy.

B) neoplasia.

C) atrophy.

D) metaplasia.

E) fibrosis.

84) With age, connective tissues

A) become more flexible.

B) become thinner.

C) lose their blood supply.

D) lose their pliability and resiliency.

E) increase in mass.

85) The term used to describe tissue death is ________.

86) With age, epithelial tissues

A) become more flexible.

B) become thinner.

C) lose their blood supply.

D) lose resiliency but gain pliability.

E) increase in mass.

87) With age, bones

A) become more flexible.

B) become brittle.

C) lose their blood supply.

D) increase their pliability.

E) increase in mass.

88) The two types of cells that make up the nervous system are

A) macrophages and mast cells.

B) neurons and chondrocytes.

C) mast cells and fibrocytes.

D) neurons and mast cells.

E) neurons and glial cells.

89) Where in the body would you find a glial cell?

A) In the stomach

B) In the cardiovascular system

C) In the immune system

D) In the nervous system

E) In the skeletal system

90) The primary role of epithelial tissue in the stomach is

A) housing blood vessels and nerves.

B) secretion of substances for chemical digestion.

C) mixing and propulsion of foodstuffs.

D) regulation of contraction.

91) An organ is made up of only one tissue type; for example, the heart is made of cardiac muscle.

92) The type of tissue that helps mechanically mix materials within the digestive system organs is ________ muscle.

93) Suppose that you had a congenital condition that prevented your body from forming holocrine glands. If that were the case, which statement would be most accurate?

A) Your skin would become excessively dry for lack of oil from sebaceous glands.

B) You would be unable to digest your food.

C) Your bones would be like rubber.

D) Your nerves could not transmit signals.

E) You would have difficulty breathing.

94) Mucous connective tissue is found only in

A) the cartilage of the nose.

B) certain bones of the skull.

C) the umbilical cord.

D) serous fluid.

E) fibers of the respiratory system.

95) Which connective tissue cells produce antibodies?

A) Mast cells

B) Fibroblasts

C) Plasma cells

D) Mesenchymal cells

E) Fixed macrophages

96) What is the most abundant protein in the body, forming about 25% of all body protein?

A) Myosin

B) Elastin

C) Actin

D) Fibrogen

E) Collagen

97) What feature of your ear accounts for its ability to regain its shape after it has been deformed or compressed?

A) The elastic fibers present in the ear's cartilage

B) The elastic fibers present in the ear's muscles

C) The ear's built-in memory based upon its overall size and shape

D) The abundance of reticular fibers forming a dense meshwork

E) The elastic fibers in the ear's skin that contract after being stretched

98) Where in the body would you expect to find a perichondrium?

A) Covering bones

B) Lining kidney tubules

C) Covering the heart

D) Inside of the brain

E) Covering cartilage

99) Suppose that you were involved in an automobile accident and suffered a back injury. When examined by your physician you are told that you have a slipped disc in the lower back. What type of tissue is involved?

A) Adipose tissue

B) Bone

C) Elastic cartilage

D) Fibrocartilage

E) Dense regular connective tissue

100) A skeletal muscle fiber is

A) an elongated series of muscles held together by dense connective tissue.

B) a collection of several muscles bound together by a membrane.

C) a skeletal muscle cell.

D) found only in cardiac muscle.

E) a contractile filament within the osteon of bone.

101) If you were examining a microscope slide containing a type of muscle tissue and observed a branching network of striated cells, each with one or two central nuclei, you could conclude that you were looking at ________ muscle.

A) smooth

B) skeletal

C) cardiac

D) osseous

E) voluntary

102) Which type of muscle contains fusiform cells that function to propel materials through hollow organs?

A) Voluntary

B) Striated

C) Smooth

D) Skeletal

103) The nucleus and other organelles of a neuron are primarily housed in which part of the cell?

A) Axon

B) Dendrite

C) Glial cell

D) Cell body

E) None of the choices is correct.

104) A tissue transplant from an animal to a human is a(n)

A) autograft.

B) syngenetic graft.

C) allograft.

D) heterograft.

E) homograft.

105) A tissue transplant from one person to another (one who is not genetically identical) is a(n)

A) autograft.

B) syngenetic graft.

C) allograft.

D) heterograft.

E) homograft.

106) Suppose you cut your finger only slightly in what is known as a "paper cut." You observe that the cut hurts but it doesn't bleed. How would you interpret your observation?

A) Nerve endings occur in epithelium but blood vessels do not.

B) The paper severed the skin, missing blood vessels, but hitting nerve endings.

C) Very thin cuts never draw blood but do sever nerves.

D) You probably have some unknown condition related to blood clotting.

E) The paper had some factor that prevented the release of blood but not the sensation of pain.

107) Number 1 indicates a simple ________ gland.

A) tubular

B) acinar

C) branched tubular

D) branched acinar

E) coiled tubular

108) Number 2 indicates a compound ________ gland.

A) coiled acinar

B) coiled tubular

C) tubular

D) tubuloacinar

E) acinar

109) In this image showing connective tissue components, what structure does number 1 indicate?

A) Mesenchymal cell

B) Fibroblast

C) Adipocyte

D) Macrophage

E) Extracellular matrix

110) In this image showing connective tissue components, what structure does number 2 indicate?

A) Mesenchymal cell

B) Fibroblast

C) Adipocyte

D) Macrophage

E) Extracellular matrix

111) When an oocyte (egg) is fertilized by a sperm, it forms a diploid cell called a ________.