Verified Test Bank Ch.3 Answer Key 4th Canadian Edition - Test Bank | Psychology Around Us 4e by Nancy Ogden. DOCX document preview.
CHAPTER 3
NEUROSCIENCE
CHAPTER LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Understand the key methods that scientists use to learn about nervous system anatomy and functioning.
- Neuroscientists examine autopsy tissue and patients with localized brain damage to learn about brain anatomy and brain function.
- EEGs and neuroimaging, such as PET scans and fMRI, allow scientists to study brain function in the living brain.
2. Name and describe the functions and subdivisions of the two major parts of the nervous system and become familiar with current research in spinal cord injury.
- The two major divisions of the nervous system are the central nervous system, which consists of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, which consists of nerves that extend throughout the body outside the central nervous system.
- The peripheral nervous system has two divisions: the somatic nervous system, which sends information about the senses and movement, and the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary functions and responses to stress.
- The autonomic nervous system is divided into the sympathetic “fight-or-flight” nervous system, which responds to stress by activating the autonomic system.
- The parasympathetic “rest and digest” nervous system is responsible for returning the autonomic system to baseline.
- The spinal cord provides the interface between the CNS and PNS, controlling basic reflexes and the passage of information about sensation and movement from the brain to the body and back again.
3. List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
- The brain can be subdivided into many regions, each of which serves one or more specialized functions.
- The brainstem participates in movement and sensation of the head and neck as well as in basic bodily functions, such as respiration and heart rate.
- The midbrain includes the substantia nigra, an area important for movement.
- The hypothalamus controls basic drives (food, drink, sex) and hormones, while the thalamus serves as a relay station for sensory information on its way to the cerebral cortex.
- Many brain regions participate in different types of learning—the hippocampus is important for spatial navigation learning and learning about life’s events; the amygdala is important for fear learning; the cerebellum and striatum are important for motor learning; and the nucleus accumbens is important for reward learning.
- A large part of the brain consists of the cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex can be subdivided into frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes. The cortex controls movement, integrates sensory information, and serves numerous cognitive functions.
4. Describe the two major types of cells in the nervous system and describe the primary functions of each.
- The two major types of brain cells are neurons and glia.
- Neurons communicate with other cells by producing and sending electrochemical signals.
- Glia are involved in various functions, such as forming the blood–brain barrier, producing myelin, and clearing the brain of debris.
5. Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
• Action potentials are generated within a neuron by the flow of ions, specifically sodium and potassium, across the cell membrane. The generation of action potentials within a neuron facilitate communication between neurons, which occurs at the synapse via chemical signals called neurotransmitters.
- Neurotransmitters are released by the presynaptic neuron, diffuse across the synapse, and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic site.
- Action potentials travel faster down myelinated than unmyelinated axons.
6. Explore the neuroscience findings regarding brain injury and the evidence for brain lateralization.
• Brain injury can be categorized as traumatic or acquired.
• Research shows that the two hemispheres are more similar than different and that any differences are usually relative.
• Acquired brain injury is typically categorized into damage by infection or toxins, degenerative diseases, tumours, and strokes.
7. Describe the basic theory of evolution and explain how it has influenced our understanding of the human nervous system and the evolution of the human brain.
- All life on Earth is interrelated and derives from one common ancestor through a process known as evolution.
- An organism’s ability to survive and reproduce (thereby transferring their traits to their offspring) is referred to as the individual’s fitness.
- The brains of modern-day humans are much larger than any other animal species or of Hominid species that have gone extinct.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. Dr. Draco wants to study attentional processes in a healthy, intact, normal human brain. What is the best technique for her to use to accomplish this goal?
a) transcranial magnetic stimulation
b) neuroimaging
c) lesioning studies
d) talk to a neuropsychologist about brain function
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Understand the key methods that scientists use to learn about nervous system anatomy and functioning.
Section Reference: How Do Scientists Study the Nervous System?
2. Researchers have refined the electroencephalographic technique through analyzing
a) neurophysiological data from animal studies.
b) event related potentials.
c) action potentials.
d) patients with chronic traumatic encephalopathy.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Understand the key methods that scientists use to learn about nervous system anatomy and functioning.
Section Reference: How Do Scientists Study the Nervous System?
3. Which of the following brain study techniques CANNOT be used to experimentally investigate the human brain?
a) lesioning
b) EEGs
c) autopsy examination
d) the study of brain damage
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Understand the key methods that scientists use to learn about nervous system anatomy and functioning.
Section Reference: How Do Scientists Study the Nervous System?
4. Dr. Casen is a neuropsychologist who is studying a patient with brain damage to the prefrontal lobes following a skiing accident. What will she be able to learn by studying this patient’s brain?
a) how to prevent future accidents of a similar nature
b) how to treat the damaged area
c) what specific brain areas are associated with functional losses
d) all of the above
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Understand the key methods that scientists use to learn about nervous system anatomy and functioning.
Section Reference: How Do Scientists Study the Nervous System?
5. Dr. Clay is studying the function of the fusiform face area, and comparing activation when participants view faces that they know versus faces of strangers. Given the choices of techniques below, what is the best one for Dr. Clay to use?
a) diffusion tensor imaging
b) MRI
c) event-related potential
d) positron emission tomography
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Understand the key methods that scientists use to learn about nervous system anatomy and functioning.
Section Reference: How Do Scientists Study the Nervous System?
6. An example of ________ would be destroying the amygdala in a research rat in order to observe changes in its behavior.
a) lesioning research
b) unethical research
c) corporeal studies
d) neural stimulation
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Understand the key methods that scientists use to learn about nervous system anatomy and functioning.
Section Reference: How Do Scientists Study the Nervous System?
7. As part of an experiment, researchers are placing electrodes in various areas around Ryan’s scalp and measuring brain activity. Which biological research tool is being utilized in the study?
a) electroencephalogram
b) myelin staining
c) fMRI
d) interbrain electrical recording
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Understand the key methods that scientists use to learn about nervous system anatomy and functioning.
Section Reference: How Do Scientists Study the Nervous System
8. Which of the following is not a neuroimaging technique?
a) fMRI
b) PET
c) DTI
d) TMS
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Understand the key methods that scientists use to learn about nervous system anatomy and functioning.
Section Reference: How Do Scientists Study the Nervous System?
9. If you were a researcher who studies the brain using animals, which of the following technique might you use?
a) ERP
b) DTI
c) lesioning
d) fMRI
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Understand the key methods that scientists use to learn about nervous system anatomy and functioning.
Section Reference: How Do Scientists Study the Nervous System?
10. If you use electrodes to record the brain's electrical activity, the output produces a(n) _____.
a) CT
b) EEG
c) EKG
d) fMRI
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Understand the key methods that scientists use to learn about nervous system anatomy and functioning.
Section Reference: How Do Scientists Study the Nervous System?
11. In what way are Computed Tomographic (CT) scans superior to MRIs? CT scans are better at
a) producing clear images.
b) measuring the orientation and integrity of white matter.
c) detecting brain diseases or blood vessel abnormalities.
d) detecting changes in blood flow.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Understand the key methods that scientists use to learn about nervous system anatomy and functioning.
Section Reference: How Do Scientists Study the Nervous System?
12. What is the most obvious difference between fMRI and MRI?
a) fMRI is only used with children, MRI with children and adults.
b) fMRI detects grey matter damage; MRI detects white matter damage.
c) fMRI is used to study brain function; MRI is used to study brain structure.
d) fMRI is faster to administer and less costly than MRI.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective Understand the key methods that scientists use to learn about nervous system anatomy and functioning.
Section Reference: How Do Scientists Study the Nervous System?
13. Which of the following brain study techniques is correctly matched with a description?
a) EEG – detects uptake of certain molecules in the brain
b) EEG – detects changes in blood flow in the brain
c) PET – detects uptake of certain molecules in the brain
d) fMRI – records brain’s electrical activity from the scalp
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Understand the key methods that scientists use to learn about nervous system anatomy and functioning.
Section Reference: How Do Scientists Study the Nervous System?
14. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using MRI rather than CT?
a) The MRI produces a three-dimensional image.
b) The MRI uses magnetic fields rather than X-rays.
c) The MRI is better at detecting injury to the brain.
d) The MRI is faster than the CT scan.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Understand the key methods that scientists use to learn about nervous system anatomy and functioning.
Section Reference: How Do Scientists Study the Nervous System?
15. Which of the following methods to study the brain is best suited to measure the activity of different brain areas as participants are performing a task?
a) transcranial magnetic stimulation
b) fMRI
c) CT scan
d) diffusion tensor imaging
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Understand the key methods that scientists use to learn about nervous system anatomy and functioning.
Section Reference: How Do Scientists Study the Nervous System?
16. Which of the following is identified as a neuroimaging technique in your text?
a) autopsy study
b) EEGs
c) lesioning
d) PET
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Understand the key methods that scientists use to learn about nervous system anatomy and functioning.
Section Reference: How Do Scientists Study the Nervous System?
17. Which of the following accurately describes the chronological order for the development of neuroimaging techniques?
a) MRI – PET – DTI
b) DTI – ERP – PET
c) PET – MRI – DTI
d) PET – MRI – DTI
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Understand the key methods that scientists use to learn about nervous system anatomy and functioning.
Section Reference: How Do Scientists Study the Nervous System?
18. Which of the following is not an accurate difference between MRI and CT scans?
a) CT uses x-rays; MRI uses magnetic fields.
b) MRI creates 3-D images.
c) CT scans are better for detecting many forms of cancer; MRI is better for detecting soft tissue injuries.
d) MRI assesses white matter injuries; CT scan only assesses larger structures.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Understand the key methods that scientists use to learn about nervous system anatomy and functioning.
Section Reference: How Do Scientists Study the Nervous System?
19. Lesion is to TMS as ___ is to ___.
a) function; structure
b) destruction; disruption
c) 3D: 2D
d) gray matter; white matter
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Understand the key methods that scientists use to learn about nervous system anatomy and functioning.
Section Reference: How Do Scientists Study the Nervous System?
20. Dr. Deyz wants to investigate what happens to visual imagery in humans if the visual cortex is destroyed. Obviously. Dr. Deyz cannot even propose a study like this to the ethics committee. What is the next best thing that Dr. Deyz could do to accomplish his goal?
a) ERP
b) TMS
c) MRI
d) Examine the autopsy tissue of people who lived with short-term memory capacity deficits.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Understand the key methods that scientists use to learn about nervous system anatomy and functioning.
Section Reference: How Do Scientists Study the Nervous System?
21. Which of the following describes disadvantage shared by ERP, behavioural studies, and TMS?
a) None of them tell us about activity in specific regions of healthy, living, brains.
b) They all pose significant risk to the participant.
c) They cannot be used with people who have pacemakers, or other metal in the body.
d) They are expensive techniques to use for research.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Understand the key methods that scientists use to learn about nervous system anatomy and functioning.
Section Reference: How Do Scientists Study the Nervous System?
22. Casey has suffered carbon monoxide poisoning that has resulted in extensive damage to her hippocampus. Researchers from a local university want to study her abilities in order to find out more about the function of the hippocampus. What is a disadvantage of using this technique to learn about brain function?
a) The location of brain activity cannot be pinpointed precisely.
b) It only tells us when a brain area is needed, not what the brain area does.
c) It is impossible to establish cause and effect.
d) It requires that the patients consume a radioactive substance.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Describe the two major types of cells in the nervous system and describe the primary functions of each.
Section Reference: How Do Scientists Study the Nervous System?
23. The somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous systems together form the _____ nervous system.
a) autonomic
b) peripheral
c) central
d) sympathetic
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Name and describe the functions and subdivisions of the two major parts of the nervous system and become familiar with current research in spinal cord injury.
Section Reference: How Is the Nervous System Organized?
24. The difference between neurons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) is that _____.
a) damage to the PNS neurons is more often fatal
b) neurons in the PNS can regenerate
c) damage to PNS neurons is usually irreversible
d) neurons in the CNS are less likely to regenerate
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Name and describe the functions and subdivisions of the two major parts of the nervous system and become familiar with current research in spinal cord injury.
Section Reference: How Is the Nervous System Organized?
25. Amirah has just stubbed her toe on the corner of the table. Which division of the nervous system is most likely to send the message of pain to her spinal cord and brain?
a) autonomic
b) sympathetic
c) somatic
d) parasympathetic
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Name and describe the functions and subdivisions of the two major parts of the nervous system and become familiar with current research in spinal cord injury.
Section Reference: How Is the Nervous System Organized?
26. Betina is hanging up the laundry on her drying rack. What part of her nervous system would allow her to do this?
a) parasympathetic
b) somatic
c) autonomic
d) sympathetic
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Name and describe the functions and subdivisions of the two major parts of the nervous system and become familiar with current research in spinal cord injury.
Section Reference: How Is the Nervous System Organized?
27. Pain is to ____________ as fight-or-flight is to __________________.
a) central; peripheral
b) peripheral; central
c) autonomic; somatic
d) somatic; autonomic
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Name and describe the functions and subdivisions of the two major parts of the nervous system and become familiar with current research in spinal cord injury.
Section Reference: How Is the Nervous System Organized?
28. Which of the following nervous systems work together to integrate sensory information with motor output?
a) central; autonomic
b) parasympathetic; sympathetic
c) somatic; central
d) parasympathetic; somatic
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Name and describe the functions and subdivisions of the two major parts of the nervous system and become familiar with current research in spinal cord injury.
Section Reference: How Is the Nervous System Organized?
29. The central nervous system consists of the_____.
a) brain and spinal cord
b) adrenal and pineal glands
c) automatic and other nervous systems
d) peripheral and autonomic nervous system.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Name and describe the functions and subdivisions of the two major parts of the nervous system and become familiar with current research in spinal cord injury.
Section Reference: How Is the Nervous System Organized?
30. What part of the central nervous system controls simple reflexes?
a) spinal cord
b) glia
c) autonomic
d) somatic
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Name and describe the functions and subdivisions of the two major parts of the nervous system and become familiar with current research in spinal cord injury.
Section Reference: How Is the Nervous System Organized?
31.___________is to into the brain as ____________ is to away from the brain.
a) Autonomic; sensory
b) Sensory; autonomic
c) Afferent; efferent
d) Efferent; afferent
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Name and describe the functions and subdivisions of the two major parts of the nervous system and become familiar with current research in spinal cord injury.
Section Reference: How Is the Nervous System Organized?
32. Humans are LESS likely to become sexually aroused in which of the following states?
a) parasympathetic dominance from the autonomic nervous system
b) parasympathetic dominance from the peripheral nervous system
c) sympathetic dominance from the peripheral nervous system
d) sympathetic dominance from the autonomic nervous system
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Name and describe the functions and subdivisions of the two major parts of the nervous system and become familiar with current research in spinal cord injury.
Section Reference: How Is the Nervous System Organized?
33. Aisha is riding her bicycle. Which of the following accurate reflects the nervous system pathway that the action of pedaling the bike involves?
a) afferent sensory neurons – spinal cord – brain – efferent neurons – spinal motor neurons – skeletal muscles.
b) efferent sensory neurons – brain – afferent neurons – spinal motor neurons – skeletal muscles.
c) afferent motor neurons – spinal motor neurons – brain – efferent sensory nerves – skeletal muscles.
d) efferent motor neurons – spinal sensory neurons – spinal cord – skeletal muscles.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Name and describe the functions and subdivisions of the two major parts of the nervous system and become familiar with current research in spinal cord injury.
Section Reference: How Is the Nervous System Organized?
34. Two or more neurons are connected by
a) interneurons.
b) afferent neurons.
c) efferent neurons.
d) somatic neurons.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Name and describe the functions and subdivisions of the two major parts of the nervous system and become familiar with current research in spinal cord injury.
Section Reference: How Is the Nervous System Organized?
35. Lamar has just struck his ankle on the chair leg. Before the afferent neurons carry the pain signal to his brain, the message would be communicated via
a) efferent neurons.
b) interneurons.
c) autonomic neurons.
d) peripheral neurons.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Name and describe the functions and subdivisions of the two major parts of the nervous system and become familiar with current research in spinal cord injury.
Section Reference: How Is the Nervous System Organized?
36. Jenna is relaxing with a good book when her roommate, Kelly comes running in excitedly. In this example, Jenna’s ____________nervous system is activated, and Kelly’s ____________ is activated.
a) somatic; autonomic
b) autonomic; somatic
c) sympathetic; parasympathetic
d) parasympathetic; sympathetic
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Name and describe the functions and subdivisions of the two major parts of the nervous system and become familiar with current research in spinal cord injury.
Section Reference: How Is the Nervous System Organized?
37. Kaeya was backing out of her garage when she saw the neighbour’s cat sitting in the driveway. She slammed on the brakes and missed the cat by an inch. Her heart pounding, breathing rapidly, Kaeya put her head against the wheel and thanked her lucky stars she had not run over the cat. Eventually her breathing slowed, and she was calm, and, after carefully checking around the car, Kaeya headed into school. Kaeya’s _____ system helped her react to the emergency and her _____ system helped her to calm down.
a) sympathetic; parasympathetic
b) autonomic; somatic
c) central; peripheral
d) cerebral; spinal
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Name and describe the functions and subdivisions of the two major parts of the nervous system and become familiar with current research in spinal cord injury.
Section Reference: How Is the Nervous System Organized?
38. After arguing with her husband over dinner, Grace developed a stomach-ache. This was probably because:
a) her sympathetic nervous system activated and shut down digestion during the argument
b) her parasympathetic nervous system activated and shut down digestion during the argument
c) her endocrine system sent out too many hormones to her stomach
d) her central nervous system signaled for too much acid to be produced in her stomach
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Name and describe the functions and subdivisions of the two major parts of the nervous system and become familiar with current research in spinal cord injury.
Section Reference: How Is the Nervous System Organized?
39. Crystal is playing ‘bear on the loose’, a scary version of hide and seek that is played in the dark. Crystal is supposed to be looking for her friend the ‘bear’, but she is too afraid to venture more than 20 feet from the safety of home base. Suddenly, she hears a twig break right behind her, followed by a loud roar. Crystal screams in fear, but once she realizes this is just her friend, her ___ helps her to calm down.
a) sympathetic nervous system
b) parasympathetic nervous system
c) somatic nervous system
d) central nervous system
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Name and describe the functions and subdivisions of the two major parts of the nervous system and become familiar with current research in spinal cord injury.
Section Reference: How Is the Nervous System Organized?
40. Maria is experiencing a lowering of heart rate, decreased respiration, her pupils are contracted, and her blood pressure is dropping. What part of her nervous system is responsible for this reaction?
a) parasympathetic
b) sympathetic
c) somatic
d) central
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Name and describe the functions and subdivisions of the two major parts of the nervous system and become familiar with current research in spinal cord injury.
Section Reference: How Is the Nervous System Organized?
41. Which of the following situations does NOT initially involve the CNS?
a) Darnell yanked his foot away from a sharp rock.
b) Jillian is walking down the street.
c) Mateo had someone step behind him in a dark alley and his blood pressure shot up.
d) Dunja is eating her dinner.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Name and describe the functions and subdivisions of the two major parts of the nervous system and become familiar with current research in spinal cord injury.
Section Reference: How Is the Nervous System Organized?
42. You have just touched a hot frying pan. Your hand immediately and reflexively pulls away. This action was initially controlled by your _____________.
a) central nervous system
b) spinal cord
c) brain
d) sympathetic nervous system
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Name and describe the functions and subdivisions of the two major parts of the nervous system and become familiar with current research in spinal cord injury.
Section Reference: How Is the Nervous System Organized?
43. Janine has just burnt her finger on the stove. Which of the following accurately reflects the pathway the information would travel to activate Janine’s reflex and help her remove her finger from the stove?
a) interneuron – sensory neuron – brain – motor neuron
b) interneuron – sensory neuron – spinal cord – motor neuron
c) sensory neuron – spinal cord – interneuron – motor neuron
d) sensory neuron – interneuron – spinal cord – brain – spinal cord – motor neuron
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Name and describe the functions and subdivisions of the two major parts of the nervous system and become familiar with current research in spinal cord injury.
Section Reference: How Is the Nervous System Organized?
44. Erika was recently in a motor vehicle accident. Although she is able to move her left arm, she has no sensation in the arm itself. Which of the following is likely most accurate about Erika’s injury?
a) She has completely severed her spinal cord.
b) The sensory neurons can no longer communicate with the brain, but the motor neurons are intact.
c) She has likely broken her neck rather than suffered a spinal cord injury.
d) The motor neurons can no longer communicate with the brain, but the sensory neurons are intact.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Name and describe the functions and subdivisions of the two major parts of the nervous system and become familiar with current research in spinal cord injury.
Section Reference: How Is the Nervous System Organized?
45. Melody has just stepped on a piece of glass. Which of the following is not a type of neuron that will respond to the pain and cause Melody to life her foot?
a) spinal
b) sensory
c) motor
d) interneuron
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Name and describe the functions and subdivisions of the two major parts of the nervous system and become familiar with current research in spinal cord injury.
Section Reference: How Is the Nervous System Organized?
46. Which of the following statements about signals travelling to the brain is FALSE?
a) A signal produced by an afferent neuron is sent to one or more interneurons before reaching the brain.
b) Information from the peripheral nervous system reaches the central nervous system via afferent neurons.
c) Interneurons are found throughout the nervous system.
d) Afferent fibres convey signal information much faster than efferent fibres.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Name and describe the functions and subdivisions of the two major parts of the nervous system and become familiar with current research in spinal cord injury.
Section Reference: How Is the Nervous System Organized?
47. The process by which new neurons are generated is called _______________.
a) proliferation
b) ontogeny
c) neuroplasticity
d) neurogenesis
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
48. Which of the following statements is true?
a) The higher up the spinal cord a spinal cord injury occurs, the larger the proportion of the body that is afflicted.
b) Quadriplegics retain sensation and usage of the upper limbs and torso, but not of the lower limbs.
c) When individuals are paralyzed, although they cannot move, they continue to be capable of perceiving touch or pain sensations on the body.
d) Whenever an injury causes breakage of the vertebrae in the neck or back there is an accompanying spinal cord injury.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Name and describe the functions and subdivisions of the two major parts of the nervous system and become familiar with current research in spinal cord injury.
Section Reference: How Is the Nervous System Organized?
49. Fredric has suffered a spinal cord injury and is looking into possible treatments. What area of research is offering a lot of promise?
a) Schwann cells and their ability to regenerate neuron axons in the PNS
b) efferent fibres that can re-grow with prolonged, mild electrical stimulation
c) diverting spinal reflexes to generate voluntary movement
d) stem cells that increase the myelin production around the spinal cord
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Name and describe the functions and subdivisions of the two major parts of the nervous system and become familiar with current research in spinal cord injury.
Section Reference: How Is the Nervous System Organized?
50. The fact that a signal travelling to the brain must cross many more synapses than a signal travelling to the spinal cord means that
a) more information can be processed simultaneously in the brain than the spinal cord.
b) the brain is capable of distributed processing while the spinal cord is not.
c) it takes longer for the brain to respond to a painful stimulus than it does for the spinal cord to respond.
d) the brain can process signals much faster than the spinal cord.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Name and describe the functions and subdivisions of the two major parts of the nervous system and become familiar with current research in spinal cord injury.
Section Reference: How Is the Nervous System Organized?
51. Eli was sewing on a button on his basketball uniform and accidentally stabbed himself with the needle. He noticed that he had pulled his finger away from the needle even before he had a chance to say ‘ouch’, and secretly, he believes that it is because he has superior reaction times. Is Eli’s reaction unusual?
a) No, he is an athlete and obviously has a nervous system that reacts much faster than the average person.
b) Yes, he is obviously extra sensitive to sensory stimulation compared to other people.
c) Yes, he should have felt the pain before he pulled his finger away, not after.
d) No, this reaction was taken care of by his spinal cord before his brain registered pain.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Name and describe the functions and subdivisions of the two major parts of the nervous system and become familiar with current research in spinal cord injury.
Section Reference: How Is the Nervous System Organized?
52. The _____ is a structure in the hind brain that is involved in basic bodily functions, including respiration and heart rate regulation, as well as reflexes for coughing and sneezing.
a) medulla
b) pons
c) cerebellum
d) reticular formation
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
53. The structures included in the hindbrain are the
a) amygdala, pons, medulla, and reticular formation.
b) hypothalamus, pons, cerebellum, and the medulla.
c)medulla, pons, reticular formation, and cerebellum.
d) pons, medulla, cerebellum, and amygdala.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
54. One of the functions of the medulla is to _________________.
a) control automatic bodily functions such as respiration and heart rate
b) coordinate fine motor movement in the fingers and face
c) regulate the functioning of the pons
d) assist in spatial navigation
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
55. Amy was in a car accident and suffered damage that rendered her medulla non-functional. The doctors now must tell her family about Amy’s condition. What are they likely to say?
a) Amy will no longer be able to talk, but she will understand what is said to her.
b) Amy will no longer be able to move, but she will feel sensations on her body.
c) Amy will no longer be able to see, but her other senses will be fully functional.
d) Tragically, Amy died in the car accident.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
56. This structure, which is part of the hindbrain, is involved in respiration, movement, waking, sleep, and dreaming.
a) medulla
b) pons
c) cerebellum
d) reticular formation
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
57. The part of your brain that refocuses your attention from a newspaper to noticing a crash in the street outside is the _____.
a) medulla
b) cerebral cortex
c) reticular formation
d) auditory cortex
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
58. Javier was in an accident and suffered a traumatic brain injury. Following the accident, he was in a coma, but now he struggles with his sleep/wake cycle, and often seems unaware of his surroundings. Javier may have damaged his _____.
a) reticular formation
b) hypothalamus
c) thalamus
d) cerebellum
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
59. A main function of the medulla is to _____.
a) control automatic functions such as respiration and heart rate
b) coordinate fine motor movement in the fingers and face
c) regulate the functioning of the pons
d) control sleep and dreaming
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
60. Three structures included in the hindbrain are the _____, with the _____ extending into the midbrain.
a) thalamus, hypothalamus, and brainstem; limbic system
b) amygdala, pons, and reticular formation; reticular formation
c) hypothalamus, pons, and the brainstem; limbic system
d) medulla, pons, and cerebellum; reticular formation
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
61. Aiden was in a workplace accident where he damaged his medulla. What is the most likely outcome for Aiden?
a) Aiden will be a paraplegic.
b) Aiden will be a quadriplegic.
c) Aiden will experience a loss of memory.
d) Aiden will not likely survive.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
62. The ___ is a complex network of nuclei that extend from the hind brain to the midbrain and is important in regulating sleep-wake cycles and other functions. It contains neurons receptive to the neurotransmitter ___.
a) substantia nigra; serotonin
b) substantia nigra; norepinephrine
c) reticular formation; serotonin
d) reticular formation; norepinephrine
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
63. Dr. Franken is engaging her students in an exercise in which she names a function and then the students need to say what structure is responsible for that function AND where that structure is. Ahmed says, ‘this structure regulates the sleep-wake cycle and levels of arousal. Which student below has the correct answer?
a) George says it is the medulla, located in the midbrain
b) Brittany says it is the pons, located in the hindbrain
c) Igor says it is the cerebellum, located in the forebrain.
d) Alessa says it is the reticular formation, located in the hindbrain
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
64. Which of the following brain structures has a key role in motor coordination?
a) pons
b) cerebellum
c) reticular formation
d) amygdala
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
65. The ___________ is located at the base of the brain behind the medulla and is responsible for maintaining smooth movements, balance, and motor memory.
a) pons
b) hypothalamus
c) cerebellum
d) corpus callosum
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
66. In a research lab, damaging the cerebellum in a rat causes the rat to lose its balance and posture. This is an example of __________.
a) lesioning research
b) correlational research
c) neuropsychological research
d) a non-invasive method
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
67. The next time you see someone at a party who is having trouble walking properly, you might say, "He has had too much to drink, and it went to his _____.”
a) reticular formation
b) cerebellum
c) frontal lobe
d) parietal lobe
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
68. The _____ contains the locus coeruleus and important to the neurotransmitter _____.
a) pons; dopamine
b) pons; norepinephrine
c) medulla; dopamine
d) medulla; norepinephrine
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
69. Bryce just turned 21 and his friends challenged him to drink 21 drinks in an hour. If Bryce accomplishes this, depending on the alcohol content of the drinks, his body weight, and whether he had eaten recently, etc., he is at risk because high levels of alcohol
a) can suppress medulla activity and cause heart or respiratory failure.
b) impact the pons, so Bryce would fail a field sobriety test.
c) affect the thalamus, causing sensory dysfunction, that could be permanent.
d) impact the reticular formation, creating endocrine imbalances that could have long lasting effects.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
70. Isla was taking a medication that caused damage to her cerebellum. What symptoms would Isla be most likely to show?
a) Isla would die since the cerebellum controls respiration and heart function.
b) Isla would have uncoordinated motor movements, an awkward gait, and would have difficulty reaching for objects without trembling.
c) Isla would be incapable of controlling voluntary actions.
d) Isla would lose the ability to comprehend speech.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
71. “Help! I’m lost!” yells Bernardo. Which brain structure would be most useful in helping Bernardo find his way home?
a) thalamus
b) amygdala
c) hippocampus
d) basal ganglia
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
72. Adana has just started graduate school and is navigating her way around the new campus. She is trying to find the bookstore but stumbles across health services instead. She then remembers the campus map, and how the bookstore was right across from health services, so she soon finds her goal. What part of Adana’s brain would be especially active during this learning process?
a) amygdala
b) hippocampus
c) pituitary gland
d) thalamus
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
73. Which of the following statements is not true of the hippocampus?
a) It is important in episodic memory.
It is important in spatial navigation.
It has a role in the production of hormones.
It plays a role in certain types learning and memory.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
74. Which brain structure is involved in long term memory and spatial navigation?
a) thalamus
b) hypothalamus
c) basal ganglia
d) hippocampus
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
75. Riley is learning the names of her partner’s relations just before going into the house to meet them. Riley is likely using her _____ to store this information temporarily before sending it into longer term memory.
a) hypothalamus
b) thalamus
c) limbic system
d) hippocampus
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
76. Darnell underwent surgery to control his severe epilepsy. Now, however, Darnell cannot form new memories of his experiences, although he does remember events in the past. Most likely, the surgery destroyed a portion of the ___ in Darnell’s brain.
a) amygdala
b) striatum
c) hypothalamus
d) hippocampus
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
77. Mrs. Jackson cannot form new memories based on her experiences. Mr. LoPresti cannot seem to find his way around his city anymore. Which of the following best describes the brain damage each of these patients has probably suffered?
a) Both Mrs. Jackson and Mr. LoPresti have suffered damage to a portion of the striatum.
b) Mrs. Jackson has experienced damage to the striatum. Mr. LoPresti’s hippocampus has been damaged.
c) Both Mrs. Jackson and Mr. LoPresti have suffered damage to a portion of the hippocampus.
d) Mrs. Jackson has experienced damage to the hippocampus. Mr. LoPresti’s striatum has been damaged.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
78. Noman has developed tremors and twitching and writhing movements he cannot control. He has extreme difficulty initiating voluntary movement, especially fluid movement. Which of the following individuals is correct in theorizing the location of Noman’s brain damage?
a) Neena: “The damage is in the motor cortices and cerebellum.”
b) Garrett: “The damage destroyed parts of his cerebellum or his striatum.”
c) Fiona: “The damage is in the cerebellum or the substantia nigra.”
d) Sawyer: “The damage is either in the substantia nigra or the striatum.”
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
79. Starting just above the spinal cord, list the brain areas as you move toward the midbrain.
a) medulla 🡪 substantia nigra 🡪 pons
b) medulla 🡪 pons 🡪 substantia nigra
c) substantia nigra 🡪 pons 🡪 medulla
d) substantia nigra 🡪 medulla 🡪 pons
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
80. The _____ controls motivated behaviours necessary for our survival.
a) thalamus
b) pituitary gland
c) hypothalamus
d) hippocampus
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
81. Which of the following senses does not follow a pathway that synapses in the thalamus?
a) vision
b) hearing
c) touch
d) smell
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
82. Which of the following individuals is NOT engaged in a behaviour involving the thalamus?
a) Saul, who smells something rotting when he opens his office door, and immediately dumps his garbage.
b) Zubin, who is carefully looking at an x-ray for a patient suspected of having colon cancer.
c) Ophelia, who claps her hands over her ears when the band start to play in the confined space of the bar.
d) Syd, who is remembering his last birthday.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
83. Some of the symptoms of schizophrenia, such as hearing voices, misunderstanding social cues, and misinterpreting sensory information could be due to abnormalities in the relaying of sensory information. Therefore, some of these symptoms may be related to the function of the __________________.
a) hypothalamus
b) nucleus accumbens
c) thalamus
d) amygdala
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
84. Dana is a traffic cop who spends her day standing in a busy intersection directing cars to make sure traffic flows smoothly. If Dana were a brain structure, which one would she most resemble in her function?
a) lateral geniculate nucleus
b) medial geniculate nucleus
c) hypothalamus
d) thalamus
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
85. The hypothalamus is involved with which of the following functions?
a) hunger and thirst
b) sleep
c) memory
d) sensory messages
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
86. The structure of the brain important for motivation and control of the endocrine system is the ____________.
a) thalamus
b) pituitary gland
c) hypothalamus
d) amygdala
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
87. Which of the following functions does NOT involve the hypothalamus?
a) eating
b) sexual behaviour
c) drinking
d) detecting pain
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
88. The _______ and the hypothalamus work together to control hormones.
a) basal ganglia
b) thalamus
c) pituitary gland
d) limbic system
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
89. Which of the following individuals is NOT engaged in a behaviour involving the hypothalamus?
a) Tobin, who eats a protein bar on his walk back to work from the gym.
b) Beatrice who stays up all night cuddling her sick infant.
c) Gustav who sits down with his boss to argue for a raise.
d) Bryce who stops to drink from a neighbour’s hose as he jogs by their house.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
90. A chameleon often starts a movement and then reverses it – almost as if they were changing their mind. If a human being were to demonstrate this lack of fluidity in their movement, which brain area might be damaged?
a) the hindbrain
b) the midbrain
c) the cerebellum
d) forebrain
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
91. The substantia nigra, part of the _____, is important for the production of _____.
a) midbrain; dopamine
b) midbrain; serotonin
c) forebrain; dopamine
d) forebrain; serotonin
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
258b. What typically happens to an individual when the cerebral cortex no longer has any neural activity?
a) The person is declared legally dead.
b) The cerebellum takes over.
c) The person becomes more aggressive.
d) Auditory hallucinations become frequent.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
92. Imagine you could look behind someone’s forehead. Which of the following would you definitely NOT be looking at?
a) frontal lobe
b) cerebral cortex
c) forebrain
d) cerebellum
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
93. Which of the following sequences correctly identifies and orders the lobes of the cortex, from the back of the head to the front?
a) frontal 🡪 temporal and parietal 🡪 posterior
b) occipital 🡪 temporal and parietal 🡪 frontal
c) frontal 🡪 occipital 🡪 temporal and parietal
d) frontal 🡪 temporal and parietal 🡪 occipital
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
94. Which of the following best describes visual processing in the brain?
a) The occipital lobe and the eyes process 90% of the visual information.
b) Whereas the eyes process basic visual information, all of the higher processing occurs in the occipital lobe.
c) About 50% of the human brain is devoted to some sort of vision-related task.
d) Information about colour, complex patterns and motion is integrated in the association cortex.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
95. After a head trauma, Leon is unable to see, despite there being nothing wrong with his eyes. Leon has sustained damage to his ___ lobe.
a) frontal
b) temporal
c) parietal
d) occipital
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
96. Processing information from the hands requires a(n) _______ amount of the cortex than the chest area. Processing information from the lips utilize a __________ amount of the cortex than the feet.
a) greater; lesser
b) lesser; greater
c) greater; greater
d) lesser; lesser
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
97. What part of a person's brain might be affected if the person could speak quickly and easily, but could not understand what was read or heard?
a) Broca's area
b) Wernicke's area
c) occipital lobe
d) parietal lobe
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
98. The frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes make up the _____.
a) subcortical area of the brain
b) reticular formation
c) cerebral cortex
d) association areas of the brain
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
99. In which lobe do we find cells that respond especially strongly to familiar faces? How do researchers interpret the activity of these cells?
a) Such cells are found in the occipital lobe. These cells are seen as dedicated “face-processing cells.”
b) Such cells are found in the occipital lobe. Their activity reflects inputs both from the temporal lobe and from brain areas associated with memory.
c) Such cells are found in the temporal lobe. These cells are seen as dedicated “face-processing cells.”
d) Such cells are found in the temporal lobe. Their activity reflects inputs both from the occipital lobe and from brain areas associated with memory.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
100. Jillian is able to understand what others are saying, but, when she tries to compose a sentence, the words she expresses do NOT make sense. What is implied here?
a) Jillian has damage to Broca’s area.
b) Jillian has damage to Wernicke’s area.
c) Jillian has increased cerebrospinal fluid in the frontal lobes.
d) Jillian is experiencing neurogenesis.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
101. Elijah is teaching his small cousin to rap. The rapid flow and delivery of the words Elijah is teaching are activating which part of Elijah’s brain?
a) Broca’s area
b) substantia nigra
c) hypothalamus
d) nucleus accumbens
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
102. Violet’s speech is slow and laboured; however, she can understand the speech of others. Violet suffers from
a) Broca’s aphasia.
b) Wernicke’s aphasia.
c) either Broca’s or Wernicke’s aphasia.
d) neither Broca’s nor Wernicke’s aphasia.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
103. Madison had a stroke and now has prosopagnosia. From this we know that the right _____ lobe of her brain has been damaged.
a) frontal
b) temporal
c) parietal
d) occipital
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
104. The suggestion that specific parts of the cortex are important for specific behaviours or abilities is known as
a) hemispheric laterality.
b) cortical division.
c) functional division.
d) localization of function.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
105. It is possible to use thermal imaging to detect differences in activity in various regions of the brain. A psychologist monitors several normal people with a thermal imaging system, shows them pictures of sexually attractive people, and observes changes in the levels and regions of their brain activity. Which of the following is the psychologist researching?
a) The autonomic nervous system
b) Localization of function
c) Neuroplasticity
d) Hemispheric division
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
106. The case of Phineas Gage suggests that the _____ lobe regulates our personality and is largely responsible for much of what makes us uniquely human.
a) frontal
b) temporal
c) parietal
d) occipital
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
107. Ben has been caught stealing on multiple occasions. Each time he claims he CANNOT understand why it is wrong to take the things he wants. If Ben’s behaviour were explained by abnormal functioning of a brain region, it would most likely be the ___.
a) temporal lobe
b) premotor cortex
c) prefrontal cortex
d) somatosensory cortex
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
108. Cory was in an accident at work that damaged his prefrontal lobe. From this we can assume that Cory will show which of the following behaviours?
a) He will not be able to recognize faces.
b) He will have difficulty executing fluid movements.
c) He will struggle understanding ethical or moral dilemmas.
d) He will have difficulty remembering anything that happened to him after the accident.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
109. The prefrontal cortex plays a role in each of the following EXCEPT
a) complex visual processing.
b) short-term memory.
c) moral reasoning.
d) mood regulation.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
110. Which of the following statements regarding prefrontal lobotomies is true?
a) Prefrontal lobotomies are no longer performed as they lead to increased aggression and fear.
b) Prefrontal lobotomies, in limited form, can be effective with patients who do not respond to drug therapy.
c) Historically prefrontal lobotomies were used to treat problems ranging from mental illness to non-conformity and rebellion.
d) Prefrontal lobotomies are rarely used today and when used affect a more limited area of cortex.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
111. Why were thousands of individuals treated with prefrontal lobotomies in the 1940s and 1950s?
a) They were experimenting on people with mental illnesses.
b) Such surgery had a calming effect on chimpanzees.
c) Patients such as Phineas Gage suggested that this region of the brain is only superficially involved in mental functions.
d) They did not have adequate drugs at the time, and this was the only treatment available for some patients.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
112. Messages from the eyes are relayed to the visual cortex through the ___________ of the ____________.
a) medial geniculate nucleus; hypothalamus
b) lateral geniculate nucleus; thalamus
c) medial geniculate nucleus; thalamus
d) lateral geniculate nucleus; striatum
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
113. Which of the following statements best expresses the relationship between the central nervous system and the endocrine system?
a) The endocrine and central nervous systems operate entirely independently.
b) The endocrine system is part of the central nervous system.
c) The endocrine system is linked to the central nervous system.
d) The central nervous system is one portion of the endocrine system.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
114. Which of the following is identified as a function of the endocrine system?
a) help with regulation of emotional development
b) maintain cognitive functioning
c) control of the body’s response to emergencies
d) control of memory functions
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
115. The _________ is a collection of nuclei that is involved in recognizing, learning about, and responding to stimuli that induce fear.
a) nucleus accumbens
b) hippocampus
c) amygdala
d) thalamus
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
116. Jin Young suffers from panic disorder, where she experiences unpredictable bouts of extreme fear. What part of her brain is probably involved in her fear reactions?
a) thalamus
b) nucleus accumbens
c) amygdala
d) hippocampus
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
117. The ____________ is an interconnected group of brain structures that are responsible for emotion, learning and memory.
a) thalamus
b) hypothalamus
c) limbic system
d) basal ganglia
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
118. Lonnie is teaching his 8-year-old son, Chad, to catch a ball. Each time his son successfully catches the ball, Lonnie cheers and gives him a hug. Which area of Chad’s brain is being stimulated by Lonnie’s reaction?
a) nucleus accumbens
b) amygdala
c) hypothalamus
d) hippocampus
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
119. Dana is a traffic cop who spends her day standing in a busy intersection directing cars to make sure traffic flows smoothly. If Dana were a brain structure, which one would she most resemble in her function?
a) lateral geniculate nucleus
b) medial geniculate nucleus
c) hypothalamus
d) thalamus
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
120. The area(s) responsible for processing basic sensory information as well as directions for voluntary movement are the
a) occipital lobe.
b) primary visual cortex/motor cortex.
c) primary sensory cortex/motor areas.
d) association cortex and primary visual cortex.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
121. The brain area responsible for higher-order sensory processing, integrating information from different senses, thinking, planning, and other complex functions is the __________________,
a) primary sensory cortex
b) thalamus
c) association cortex
d) hypothalamic cortex
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
122. Primary motor strip is to somatosensory strip as _____ is to _____.
a) temporal; occipital
b) parietal; temporal
c) frontal; parietal
d) frontal; temporal
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
123. In its discussion of somatosensory strip, your text suggests that the more sensitive a body area, the greater the amount of parietal cortex devoted to its processing. Which of the following alternatives best expresses an area of lower sensitivity, such as the shoulder?
a) 1.00
b) .00
c) .20
d) .60
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Synthesis
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
124. The motor cortex in the _____ is responsible for your ability to place your foot on the brake pedal and stop at a red light.
a) pons
b) frontal lobe
c) parietal lobe
d) the brainstem
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
125. If a stroke victim with Broca's aphasia (damage to Broca’s area) could still read and write, probably the _____ of the brain was damaged.
a) left parietal lobe
b) right temporal lobe
c) left frontal lobe
d) right occipital lobe
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
126. If Emmett suffered from Broca’s aphasia (damage to Broca’s area)
a) he would be unable to recognize anyone he knew simply by looking at them.
b) his speech would be slow and laboured.
c) he would not be able to comprehend what was said to him.
d) he would be unable to have coherent thoughts.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: List key structures of the brain and describe their relationships to our behaviour.
Section Reference: Structures of the Brain
127. The ________ is a nerve cell that processes and transmits electrochemical information in the nervous system.
a) dendrite
b) chromosome
c) neuron
d) axon
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the two major types of cells in the nervous system and describe the primary functions of each.
Section Reference: How Does the Nervous System Work?
128. According to your text, about how many neurons does the nervous system contain?
a) 1 billion
b) 8 billion
c) 86 billion
d) 1 trillion
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the two major types of cells in the nervous system and describe the primary functions of each.
Section Reference: How Does the Nervous System Work?
129. Which of the following is a difference between neurons and other cells of the body?
a) Neurons are not able to make proteins and other molecules.
b) Neurons have dendrites unlike other cells.
c) Only neurons have axons.
d) Only neurons can have a myelin sheath.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the two major types of cells in the nervous system and describe the primary functions of each.
Section Reference: How Does the Nervous System Work?
130. In a neuron, what is the function of the organelles?
a) to produce the myelin sheath
b) to release neurotransmitters
c) to make proteins and other molecules
d) they are filled with cytoplasm and contain the cell nucleus
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the two major types of cells in the nervous system and describe the primary functions of each.
Section Reference: How Does the Nervous System Work?
131. Which of the following is NOT true about neurons?
a) Neurons are completely covered in a membrane.
b) Neurons use both electrical and chemical processes.
c) Not all neurons are capable of communicating with other neurons.
d) Not all neurons have multiple dendrites.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the two major types of cells in the nervous system and describe the primary functions of each.
Section Reference: How Does the Nervous System Work?
132. Which of the following is NOT a part of the human nervous system?
a) oligodendroglia
b) astroglia
c) adrenal
d) microglia
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the two major types of cells in the nervous system and describe the primary functions of each.
Section Reference: How Does the Nervous System Work?
133. Depending on the number of _________ a neuron has, it can receive up to _______ inputs from other neurons.
a) axons; 100,000
b) axons; 200,000
c) dendrites; 100,000
d) dendrites; 200,000
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the two major types of cells in the nervous system and describe the primary functions of each.
Section Reference: How Does the Nervous System Work?
134. Which of the following statements regarding neurons is correct?
a) Neurons all share the same basic structure and size.
b) Neurons vary in the number of axons they contain.
c) Neurons are the physical medium that hold the brain together.
d) All neurons communicate by means of chemical and electrical signals.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the two major types of cells in the nervous system and describe the primary functions of each.
Section Reference: How Does the Nervous System Work?
135. The part of the neuron that receives information from other neurons is called _____, and the part of the neuron that carries the information away toward other neurons is called the _____.
a) soma; axon
b) dendrite; axon
c) axon; dendrite
d) dendrite; soma
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the two major types of cells in the nervous system and describe the primary functions of each.
Section Reference: How Does the Nervous System Work?
136. Perhaps the main reason that neurons can communicate over relatively great distances within the body is the fact that neurons contain
a) a long axon.
b) a large cell body.
c) many dendrites.
d) a variety of neurotransmitters.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the two major types of cells in the nervous system and describe the primary functions of each.
Section Reference: How Does the Nervous System Work?
137. The branching neuron fiber structures that receive neural impulses from other neurons and convey them to the cell body are called _____.
a) myelin sheaths
b) axon buttons
c) dendrites
d) nerves
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the two major types of cells in the nervous system and describe the primary functions of each.
Section Reference: How Does the Nervous System Work?
138. A neural impulse travels through the structures of the neuron in the following order:
a) cell body, axon, dendrites
b) cell body, dendrites, axon
c) dendrites, cell body, axon
d) axon, cell body, dendrites
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the two major types of cells in the nervous system and describe the primary functions of each.
Section Reference: How Does the Nervous System Work?
139. The specialized region at the end of a neuron’s axon that releases neurotransmitter is called the axon ______________.
a) nucleus
b) myelin
c) terminal
d) sheath
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the two major types of cells in the nervous system and describe the primary functions of each.
Section Reference: How Does the Nervous System Work?
140. The three basic parts of the neuron can be likened to an arm, where the fingers represent the _____; the palm of the hand represents the _____; and the forearm represents the _____.
a) dendrites; myelin; axon terminal
b) somas; cell body; dendrite
c) receivers; generator; transmitter
d) dendrites; cell body; axon
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the two major types of cells in the nervous system and describe the primary functions of each.
Section Reference: How Does the Nervous System Work?
141. Which of the following reflects the correct order for the structure of a neuron?
a) axon – cell body – terminal button – dendrite
b) dendrite – cell body – axon – terminal button
c) cell body – dendrite – terminal button – axon
d) terminal button – dendrite – cell body – axon
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the two major types of cells in the nervous system and describe the primary functions of each.
Section Reference: How Does the Nervous System Work?
142. Ivan is acting in a play about the human nervous system and has the starring role as a neuron. Unfortunately, his costume makes him look more like a tree than a neuron, and it requires that he hold his arms up like branches for the whole play and requires that he hop about with his legs bound together and with branch-like “roots” extending from his feet. What part of Ivan’s costume would correspond to the dendrites of the neuron?
a) the trunk of the tree
b) the branches of the tree
c) the bark of the tree
d) the “roots” of the tree
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the two major types of cells in the nervous system and describe the primary functions of each.
Section Reference: How Does the Nervous System Work?
143. The number of extensions protruding from the cell body is the main difference between
a) multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar neurons.
b) neurons and glial cells.
c) cells in the brain and cells in the spinal cord.
d) old and new neurons.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the two major types of cells in the nervous system and describe the primary functions of each.
Section Reference: How Does the Nervous System Work?
144. What is the part of the neuron that performs cleanup tasks and insulates one neuron from another so that neural messages do not get “scrambled?”
a) soma
b) dendrites
c) axons
d) glial cells
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the two major types of cells in the nervous system and describe the primary functions of each.
Section Reference: How Does the Nervous System Work?
145. Compared to neurons, glia are _____.
a) less numerous.
b) equally numerous.
c) slightly more numerous.
d) much more numerous.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the two major types of cells in the nervous system and describe the primary functions of each.
Section Reference: How Does the Nervous System Work?
146. Glial cells have all of the following functions except one. Which of the functions below is NOT a glial cell function?
a) create a blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier
b) defend the brain against infection and illness
c) modulate neurotransmission
d) regenerate damaged neurons
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the two major types of cells in the nervous system and describe the primary functions of each.
Section Reference: How Does the Nervous System Work?
147. Glial cells do each of the following EXCEPT _____.
a) provide growth-promoting molecules to neurons
b) insulate neuronal axons from nearby neuronal activity
c) create the blood-brain barrier
d) send messages via complex electrochemical interactions
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the two major types of cells in the nervous system and describe the primary functions of each.
Section Reference: How Does the Nervous System Work?
148. Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by which of the following glial cells?
a) astroglia
b) oligodendroglia
c) ependymal
d) microglia
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the two major types of cells in the nervous system and describe the primary functions of each.
Section Reference: How Does the Nervous System Work?
149. Preston has a problem with his ___, which is affecting his blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier.
a) myelin sheath
b) oligodendroglia cells
c) microglial cells
d) ependymal cells
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the two major types of cells in the nervous system and describe the primary functions of each.
Section Reference: How Does the Nervous System Work?
150. The cells that are important for cleaning up the debris of degenerating or dead neurons and glia are the
a) astroglia.
b) ependymal.
c) microglia.
d) oligodendroglia.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the two major types of cells in the nervous system and describe the primary functions of each.
Section Reference: How Does the Nervous System Work?
151. Which of the following provides both the correct name and the correct function of one of the types of glia?
a) microglia – provide the myelin sheath
b) macroglia – clean up the debris of dead cells
c) astroglia – create the blood-brain barrier
d) oligodendroglia – clean up the debris of dead cells
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the two major types of cells in the nervous system and describe the primary functions of each.
Section Reference: How Does the Nervous System Work?
152. A plumber cleans away garbage and debris that otherwise might cause your sink to stop functioning. Which of the following cells serve that function in the brain?
a) ependymal
b) astroglia
c) oligodendroglia
d) microglia
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the two major types of cells in the nervous system and describe the primary functions of each.
Section Reference: How Does the Nervous System Work?
153. What effect does multiple sclerosis have on a person's myelin sheaths?
a) They will deteriorate.
b) They will extend past the axon and cover the cell bodies.
c) They will become fluffier and more potentiated.
d) They will become receptive to more types of neurotransmitters.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the two major types of cells in the nervous system and describe the primary functions of each.
Section Reference: How Does the Nervous System Work?
154. Unfortunately, Hayley has been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. What type of glia cell is being destroyed with this progressive disease?
a) oligodendroglia
b) ependymal cells
c) microglia
d) astroglia
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the two major types of cells in the nervous system and describe the primary functions of each.
Section Reference: How Does the Nervous System Work?
155. Francesco was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. What effect will this have on Francesco’s glial cells?
a) Schwann cells and ependymal cells will deteriorate
b) ependymal cells and astroglia cells will deteriorate
c) oligodendroglia and Schwann cells will deteriorate
d) oligodendroglia and ependymal cells will deteriorate
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the two major types of cells in the nervous system and describe the primary functions of each.
Section Reference: How Does the Nervous System Work?
156. Divya has been diagnosed with _____, a disease that involves demyelination, causing ineffective transmission among neurons, leading to visual issues, fatigue, and muscle weakness.
a) Alzheimer’s disease
b) Parkinson’s disease
c) multiple sclerosis
d) Huntington’s disease
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the two major types of cells in the nervous system and describe the primary functions of each.
Section Reference: How Does the Nervous System Work?
157. Which of the following is NOT true about the myelin sheath?
a) It covers the axons of all neurons.
b) It is found in both the central and peripheral nervous systems.
c) It protects a neuron from the activity of other neurons.
d) It speeds up the passage of signals down the axon.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the two major types of cells in the nervous system and describe the primary functions of each.
Section Reference: How Does the Nervous System Work?
158. If the resting potential of a cell is +50mV, and the outside of the cell is +100 mV, what would the charge be inside the cell?
a) +150 mV
b) +50 mV
c) -50 mV
d) -150 mV
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
159. Which of the following does NOT contribute to the resting potential of a neuron?
a) potassium
b) chloride
c) sodium
d) serotonin
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
160. You have discovered a previously unknown species on earth. After examining it, you discover that, unlike humans, this species has a resting potential of +70 mV. Which of the following would be true about the resting potential of this species?
a) The outside of the specie’s cells must have a charge of 70 mV.
b) The inside of the specie’s cells must have a charge of 70 mV.
c) The outside of the specie’s cells is 70 mV more positive than the inside of the cell.
d) The inside of the specie’s cells is 70 mV more positive than the outside of the cell.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
161. How is a neuron’s resting potential restored after an action potential has passed a particular segment of the axon?
a) Sodium ions are pumped into the cell.
b) Chloride ions are pumped into the cell.
c) Sodium ions are pumped out of the cell.
d) Potassium ions are pumped out of the cell.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
162. A(n) _______ refers to the uneven distribution of sodium ions inside and outside of the resting neuron.
a) action potential
b) concentration gradient
c) ion channel
d) intracellular/extracellular incline
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
163. Milagros covers the top of a bottle of blue coloured water with a piece of fabric. She then takes the bottle and submerges it in a larger tub of clear water. After a while, she notices that the water in the bottle and in the larger tub are the same colour. How would you explain this to Milagros?
a) Electrostatic pressure caused the coloured water to move through the fabric.
b) The fabric was permeable allowing the coloured water to diffuse into the tub, eliminating the concentration gradient.
c) The fabric was selectively permeable allowing the coloured water to diffuse into the tub, eliminating the electrostatic gradient.
d) The concentration gradient moved from the inside of the jar to the tub.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
164. All is to ______________ as some is to ________________.
a) concentration gradient; electrostatic pressure
b) electrostatic pressure; concentration gradient
c) permeable; selectively permeable
d) concentration gradient; selective concentration gradient
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
165. Ions with opposite charges attract one another whereas ions with the same charge repel one another creating
a) disequilibrium and imbalance.
b) electrostatic pressure.
c) polarization.
d) an action potential.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
166. Which of the following statements is accurate about the resting potential?
a) When a neuron is at rest, the sodium, potassium, chloride, and anions are equally distributed inside and outside the cell.
b) Because of diffusion and electrostatic pressure, the classes of ions are distributed equally over the two sides of the membrane.
c) With the help of sodium-potassium pumps, the classes of ions are distributed equally over the two sides of the membrane.
d) Despite the effects of diffusion and electrostatic pressure, the classes of ions are not distributed equally over the two sides of the membrane.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
167. Why is the resting potential of a neuron described as negative?
a) There are much more negative ions than positive ions in the extracellular fluid.
b) The intracellular fluid only contains negative ions.
c) The extracellular and intracellular fluid contain 10 times more negative ions than positive ions.
d) The intracellular fluid contains 10 times more negative ions than positive ions.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
168. Carmen is a bouncer at a local bar. During the last hour, the bar is open, for every three people that leave the bar, Carmen only allows two more to come in. To which of the following would Carmen be most analogous?
a) ion channels
b) the selective permeable membrane
c) the nodes of Ranvier
d) the sodium-potassium pump
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
169. An action potential lasts for about
a) .01 ms.
b) 1 ms.
c) 2 ms.
d) 1 second
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
170. Which of the following is the best analogy for the process of neural communication within a neuron?
a) a person making a phone call
b) a crowd of people crossing the street
c) traffic waiting at a red light
d) sports fans doing the "wave" at a stadium
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
171. What happens if the threshold of excitation is reached?
a) The sodium-potassium pump turns on.
b) An action potential is generated.
c) Potassium flows into the cell.
d) The cell becomes hyperpolarized.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
172. An action potential is generated
a) in the cell body.
b) in the dendrites.
c) in the axon.
d) at the point where the axon leaves the cell body.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
173. Which of the following is NOT true about saltatory conduction?
a) It occurs because of spaces in the myelin.
b) It allows the action potential to move down the axon faster.
c) It occurs when the action potential jumps from one node of Ranvier to another.
d) It begins through stimulation from other neurons.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
174. Malcolm is visiting a fish farm and is imagining an analogy for the action potential. He notices that all the fish start out in separate tanks that all feed into a main tank, where the food is. The entrance to the main tank is covered with some bars that the farmer can control. When he opens the bars, all the fish flow into the main tank in a massive rush. In his analogy, the fish are ions, and their flow into the main tank is what would cause the neuron to fire. What type of ion would the fish represent?
a) potassium
b) calcium
c) sodium
d) dopamine
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
175. Depolarization is to ___ as hyperpolarization is to ___.
a) excitatory postsynaptic potentials; inhibitory postsynaptic potentials
b) inhibitory postsynaptic potentials; excitatory postsynaptic potentials
c) excitatory presynaptic potentials; inhibitory presynaptic potentials
d) inhibitory presynaptic potentials; excitatory presynaptic potentials
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
176. Which of the following statements is false with respect to an axon’s ability to fire immediately following an action potential?
a) The axon cannot fire during the absolute refractory period.
b) The axon cannot fire during either the absolute or the relative refractory period.
c) The axon cannot fire during the absolute refractory period but can fire during the relative refractory period given a strong enough stimulus.
d) The axon refractory period limits firing frequency.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
177. The Nodes of Ranvier are _____.
a) areas of an axon that are wrapped in myelin
b) regularly spaced gaps of unmyelinated portions of an axon
c) fluid filled sacs containing neurotransmitters
d) networks of neurons working in unison to produce patterns of neural activity
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
178. Your body has designed a traffic signal for action potentials traveling from one neuron to another. In this system, a red light represents _____.
a) an excitatory neurotransmitter
b) an inhibitory neurotransmitter
c) a combination of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters
d) a hormonal neuromodulator
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
179. Lock is to ___________ as key is to ______________.
a) neurotransmitter; receptor
b) receptor; neurotransmitter
c) neurotransmitter; vesicle
d) vesicle; neurotransmitter
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
180. Neurotransmitters are stored in
a) synapses in the presynaptic terminal.
b) synapses in the postsynaptic terminal.
c) synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic terminal.
d) synaptic vesicles in the postsynaptic terminal.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
181. Terminal buttons at the end of an axon are used to release
a) agonist drugs.
b) antagonist drugs.
c) neurotransmitters.
d) glial cells.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the two major types of cells in the nervous system and describe the primary functions of each.
Section Reference: How Does the Nervous System Work?
182. When there is leftover neurotransmitter in the synaptic gap, which of the following is one of the processes that can occur?
a) The leftover neurotransmitter stays in the gap.
b) The process of reuptake occurs.
c) The receiving neuron fires for a longer period of time.
d) The sending neuron fires for a long period of time.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
183. Enzo is trying to see if he can afford to play paintball on the weekend. He looks at all the money he earned and all the money he spent. When he is done, he decides that he cannot play paintball at this time. If Enzo were analogous to a neuron, he would have just gone through the process of
a) presynaptic potentiation.
b) post synaptic potentiation.
c) summation.
d) depolarization.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
184. If a cell is more greatly influenced by inhibitory than excitatory neurotransmitters, ______________ will occur.
a) repolarization
b) depolarization
c) hyperpolarization
d) hypopolarization
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
185. During depolarization ________ flows into the cell and during repolarization _________ flows out of the cell.
a) sodium; chloride
b) potassium; sodium
c) sodium; potassium
d) sodium; sodium
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
186. Whether or not a cell will fire is determined through a process called
a) the action potential.
b) depolarization.
c) hyperpolarization.
d) summation.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
187. Electrical events in postsynaptic neurons that occur when a neurotransmitter binds to a receptor are called
a) action potentials.
b) excitatory potentials.
c) presynaptic potentials.
d) postsynaptic potentials.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
188. Action potentials ______ whereas postsynaptic potentials ______.
a) may be graded in strength; are all-or-none events.
b) become stronger or weaker with experience; are unaffected by experience.
c) are depolarizing; may be either depolarizing or hyperpolarizing.
d) are depolarizing; are hyperpolarizing.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
189. Given the all-or-none principle, how can a neuron pass on information regarding stimulus intensity?
a) A weak stimulus will cause the neuron to fire an imperceptible action potential.
b) A more intense stimulus will cause a higher number of Na+ to flow into the membrane.
c) A more intense stimulus will cause the neuron to fire more often.
d) An intense stimulus will cause the action potential to send a stronger signal.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
190. The neurotransmitter associate with a reduction of arousal of the nervous system is ____________.
a) glutamate
b) dopamine
c) serotonin
d) GABA
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
191. The gap between two neurons where neurotransmission takes place is called the
a) terminal gap.
b) synapse.
c) neurochemical gap.
d) terminal cleft.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
192. Paige has a disorder that prevents her from paying attention or remaining vigilant on tasks. Which neurotransmitter might be implicated in Paige’s disorder?
a) GABA
b) norepinephrine
c) dopamine
d) serotonin
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
193. ______________ is to most common inhibitory neurotransmitter, as ________ is to most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain.
a) GABA; glutamate
b) Glutamate; GABA
c) Serotonin; norepinephrine
d) Norepinephrine; serotonin
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
194. _____________ is to Parkinson’s disease and ______________ is to Huntington’s disease.
a) Acetylcholine; glutamate
b) Glutamate; acetylcholine
c) Dopamine; glutamate
d) Serotonin; norepinephrine
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
195. Cora has been very anxious and agitated recently. She becomes panicked when things do not work out the way she had planned. Dan has been very down lately; he rarely leaves his apartment and has not been sleeping. His friends believe he is depressed. What assumption could be made about their respective neurotransmitter levels of norepinephrine and/or serotonin?
a) Cora has low levels of norepinephrine, while Dan has low levels of serotonin.
b) Cora has high levels of norepinephrine, while Dan has low levels of norepinephrine.
c) Cora has high levels of serotonin, while Dan has low levels of serotonin.
d) Cora has high levels of norepinephrine, while Dan has high levels of serotonin.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
196. Zara recently got botulism from eating poisonous mushrooms. Which of the following neurotransmitters would have been affected?
a) serotonin
b) dopamine
c) acetylcholine
d) norepinephrine
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
197. Schizophrenia is to ___ as Parkinson’s is to ___.
a) dopamine; serotonin
b) serotonin; dopamine
c) serotonin; serotonin
d) dopamine; dopamine
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
198. Behrad has an excessive level of dopamine in his frontal lobe. What is his likely diagnosis?
a) multiple sclerosis
b) Parkinson’s disease
c) schizophrenia
d) depression
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
199. __________ is associated with Parkinson's disease, whereas ___________ is associated with certain forms of schizophrenia.
a) Too much serotonin; too much dopamine
b) Too little dopamine; too much serotonin
c) Too little dopamine; too much dopamine
d) Too much dopamine; too little dopamine
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
200. Which neurotransmitter is correctly matched with the area of the brain in which it especially prevalent?
a) dopamine – substantia nigra
b) serotonin – medulla
c) dopamine – locus coeruleus
d) norepinephrine – thalamus
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
201. Which of the following is a neurotransmitter that plays a role in dreaming, attention, and alertness?
a) morphine
b) endorphins
c) norepinephrine
d) GABA
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
202. Meghan is celebrating her new job by eating a hot fudge sundae. As she enjoys her treat, which of the following neurotransmitters is likely being released in Meghan’s brain?
a) acetylcholine
b) dopamine
c) GABA
d) serotonin
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
203. Parkinson’s disease occurs when
a) the neurons that release dopamine progressively degenerate.
b) the neurons release too much dopamine.
c) the dopamine receptors are blocked.
d) there is excessive enzymatic degradation of the neurotransmitter dopamine.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
204. Mrs. Hirota has been diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. Mr. García suffers from schizophrenia. Mrs. Hirota may be helped by drugs that _____ activity of the neurotransmitter _____. Mr. García is more likely to be prescribed a drug that will _____ activity of the neurotransmitter _____.
a) increase; dopamine; decrease dopamine
b) decrease; dopamine; increase; dopamine
c) increase norepinephrine; decrease; dopamine
d) decrease; dopamine; increase; norepinephrine
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
205. Parkinson’s disease is caused by the death of dopaminergic cells in the
a) hippocampus.
b) substantia nigra.
c) premotor cortex.
d) hypothalamus.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
206. Logan has a disorder that causes a decrease in dopamine levels, particularly in the substantia nigra. What is Logan’s diagnosis?
a) multiple sclerosis
b) Parkinson’s disease
c) schizophrenia
d) depression
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
207. Vincent’s motor control was suddenly disrupted after a venomous snake bit him. What neurotransmitter was most likely affected?
a) acetylcholine
b) dopamine
c) GABA
d) norepinephrine
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
208. Which neurotransmitter has a key role in regulation of mood?
a) dopamine
b) serotonin
c) glutamate
d) norepinephrine
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
209. Which of the following does NOT reflect an accurate relationship between neurotransmitters and disease?
a) Parkinson’s – dopamine
b) Huntington’s – glutamate
c) Schizophrenia – dopamine
d) Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) – GABA
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
210. Yun-seo’s doctor has prescribed a drug to treat her schizophrenia. Which of the following actions will the drug need to have to alleviate her symptoms?
a) It will need to block the reuptake of serotonin.
b) It will need to reduce the amount of serotonin released in her frontal lobes.
c) It will need to increase the amount of dopamine released in her frontal lobes.
d) It will need to block the activity of dopamine in her frontal lobes.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
211. Prozac, a drug used to treat depression, blocks the reuptake of serotonin. What effect would this have on the neurotransmitter?
a) It would cause the presynaptic cell to produce more serotonin.
b) It would allow the serotonin already released to remain in the synapse thereby increasing the amount available.
c) It would increase enzymatic degradation, thereby decreasing the amount of serotonin in the synapse.
d) It would increase enzymatic degradation, thereby increasing the amount of serotonin in the synapse.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
212. In what way are enzyme degradation and reuptake the same?
a) They both inhibit the postsynaptic neuron.
b) They both promote neuroplasticity.
c) They both terminate the activity of a neurotransmitter.
d) They are both a form of synaptic pruning.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
213. Synapses that change as a result of input or experience are known as ___.
a) Hebbian synapses
b) neuroplastic synapses
c) cell assemblies
d) neural networks
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
214. Collections of neurons that communicate with one another are called ___.
a) networks
b) nodes
c) systems
d) centres
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
215. To better understand the neural circuits involved in learning and memory, neuroscientists have focused on
a) hyperpolarization.
b) neurotransmitter reuptake.
c) Hebbian synapses.
d) neurogenesis.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
216. Which of the statements regarding neural networks is NOT accurate?
a) Given the complexity of the brain, a single neuron cannot effect change in a meaningful way.
b) Neural networks are composed of collections of neurons that communicate with one another in a sequential fashion.
c) Effective synapses thrive at the expense of ineffective synapses.
d) Cell assemblies are the same as neural circuits.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
217. The ability of the brain to create new neural pathways as a result of experience or following an injury is referred to as
a) malleability.
b) neuronal growth.
c) adaptability.
d) neuroplasticity.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
218. Alice had a mild aneurism that ruptured and required immediate brain surgery. The surgery impaired some of the pathways to memory. Over time, Alice’s brain developed new pathways, allowing her access to those memories again, which is an example of
a) neuroplasticity.
b) the peripheral nervous system.
c) stem cell growth.
d) spinal reflexes.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
219. Lucien has suffered a brain injury and did a great deal of damage to his motor cortex to the point where he was unable to voluntarily move his body. Although his motor cortex never recovered, he did regain some ability to control his body movements, and imaging studies revealed that regions of the parietal lobe were now activated with voluntary movement. Lucien’s story is an example of
a) synaptic pruning.
b) postsynaptic potentials.
c) neural networks.
d) neuroplasticity.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
220. What do neuroplasticity and neurogenesis have in common?
a) Both concepts refer to the brain’s ability to adapt and change.
b) Both processes allow the brain to be a fixed, solid organ.
c) Both organs cause degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease.
d) Both behaviors have been associated with mental disorders.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe what happens when a neuron “fires” and how neurons communicate with one another to produce behaviour; become familiar with neural networks and neuroplasticity.
Section Reference: How Do Neurons Work?
221. Traumatic brain injury and acquired brain injury are
a) common sports related injuries.
b) common side effects of spinal cord injuries.
c) categories of central nervous system injury.
d) classifications of injuries that follow damage to the peripheral nervous system.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explore the neuroscience findings regarding brain injury and the evidence for brain lateralization.
Section Reference: CNS Injury and Brain Lateralization
222. Which of the following would be considered an acquired brain injury?
a) meningitis
b) concussion
c) blow to the head
d) spinal cord injury
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explore the neuroscience findings regarding brain injury and the evidence for brain lateralization.
Section Reference: CNS Injury and Brain Lateralization
223. Which of the following would be considered a traumatic brain injury?
a) bisphenol A (BPA)
b) blow to the head
c) bacterial infection
d) malignant tumour
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explore the neuroscience findings regarding brain injury and the evidence for brain lateralization.
Section Reference: CNS Injury and Brain Lateralization
224. Zara’s heat went out during a blizzard and so she brought her gas barbeque into the house to create warmth. Unfortunately, Zara suffered carbon monoxide poisoning, leading to
a) an acquired brain injury.
b) meningitis.
c) spinal cord damage.
d) a traumatic brain injury.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explore the neuroscience findings regarding brain injury and the evidence for brain lateralization.
Section Reference: CNS Injury and Brain Lateralization
225. Which of the following statements regarding treatment for brain injury is FALSE?
a) The blood-brain barrier protects viral infections from ever entering the brain.
b) Cooling the brain immediately following the injury reduces swelling.
c) Drug cocktails are frequently used to restore blood flow to oxygen-deprived areas.
d) Seeking early medical care is crucial.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Explore the neuroscience findings regarding brain injury and the evidence for brain lateralization.
Section Reference: CNS Injury and Brain Lateralization
226. Although the left and right hemispheres of the brain are specialized, they are normally in close communication through the _______________.
a) reciprocating circuits
b) thalamus
c) corpus callosum
d) cerebellum
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explore the neuroscience findings regarding brain injury and the evidence for brain lateralization.
Section Reference: CNS Injury and Brain Lateralization
227. What structure is severed in a split-brain patient?
a) the frontal lobe
b) the hippocampus
c) the corpus callosum
d) the hemisphere
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explore the neuroscience findings regarding brain injury and the evidence for brain lateralization.
Section Reference: CNS Injury and Brain Lateralization
228. Since both hemispheres receive the same input from the environment, this means that split-brain patients
a) have difficulties coordinating movements on both sides of their body (e.g., running, clapping).
b) need special experimental procedures to show symptoms of their surgery.
c) can experience competition between hemispheres for control over the body.
d) use their right hemisphere more than someone without split-brain surgery.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Explore the neuroscience findings regarding brain injury and the evidence for brain lateralization.
Section Reference: CNS Injury and Brain Lateralization
229. Mandisa has an average IQ and functions normally in her day-to-day life. However, when she is blindfolded and asked to identify several objects, she cannot verbally identify the objects placed in her left hand. This suggests that Mandisa has had __________________.
a) a dyslexic episode
b) split-brain surgery
c) severe seizures
d) a lateralization of her brain hemispheres
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explore the neuroscience findings regarding brain injury and the evidence for brain lateralization.
Section Reference: CNS Injury and Brain Lateralization
230. In _____ surgery the corpus callosum is severed to stop the spread of seizures from one hemisphere to the other. Following the surgery patients lack the ability to _____ information from the two hemispheres. This has _____ effect on patients’ day-to-day lives.
a) lateralization; assimilate; a moderate
b) split-brain; integrate; no effect
c) lateralization; compare; no effect
d) split-brain; integrate; a debilitating
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Explore the neuroscience findings regarding brain injury and the evidence for brain lateralization.
Section Reference: CNS Injury and Brain Lateralization
231. Zoltan is contemplating having split-brain surgery to treat his severe epilepsy. His concern is that after the surgery, he will have a noticeable deficit that will impair his daily functioning. What would the doctor tell Zoltan about his concern?
a) He may have slight amnesia after the surgery, but his memory should return within a few months.
b) He may develop problems coordinating the two halves of his body (e.g., clapping his hands, walking).
c) He may require extra time identifying objects and their locations in space.
d) People in his daily life won’t know he had the surgery unless he tells them.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explore the neuroscience findings regarding brain injury and the evidence for brain lateralization.
Section Reference: CNS Injury and Brain Lateralization
232. Why do split-brain patients NOT exhibit any signs of their surgery in their daily lives?
a) People in their daily lives are aware of their deficit and know not to challenge them with difficult problems.
b) Both hemispheres receive the same input from the environment.
c) The left hemisphere takes over all functions except sensory and motor.
d) The corpus callosum is quick to grow back.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Explore the neuroscience findings regarding brain injury and the evidence for brain lateralization.
Section Reference: CNS Injury and Brain Lateralization
233. How different are the right and left hemispheres in terms of their functions?
a) There is no difference in function between the two hemispheres.
b) Functionally, the two hemispheres are more similar than they are different.
c) Functionally, the two hemispheres are more different than they are similar.
d) The two hemispheres have opposing functions.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Explore the neuroscience findings regarding brain injury and the evidence for brain lateralization.
Section Reference: CNS Injury and Brain Lateralization
234. Which of the following people is most likely to have language processed in both hemispheres?
a) a split-brain patient
b) someone who gets a lot of aerobic exercise
c) a left-handed person
d) a male
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explore the neuroscience findings regarding brain injury and the evidence for brain lateralization.
Section Reference: CNS Injury and Brain Lateralization
235. Grenata has suffered a stroke to the left hemisphere of the brain that has affected her body movement. Which side of her body is most likely to have been affected?
a) left
b) right
c) both
d) It is impossible to predict.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Explore the neuroscience findings regarding brain injury and the evidence for brain lateralization.
Section Reference: CNS Injury and Brain Lateralization
236. Split-brain is the term used to describe which of the following conditions?
a) a mental condition also known as schizophrenia
b) the surgical separation of the brain hemispheres
c) dissociative identity disorder
d) lateralization of hemispheres
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explore the neuroscience findings regarding brain injury and the evidence for brain lateralization.
Section Reference: CNS Injury and Brain Lateralization
237. Chen has suffered a stroke in the right hemisphere of the brain that has affected his motor control. Which side of Chen’s body is most likely to have been affected?
a) left
b) right
c) both
d) It is impossible to predict.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Explore the neuroscience findings regarding brain injury and the evidence for brain lateralization.
Section Reference: CNS Injury and Brain Lateralization
238. The suggestion that a particular ability involves one side of the brain is referred to as ________________.
a) localization of function
b) lateralization of function
c) associative processing
d) functional specificity
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explore the neuroscience findings regarding brain injury and the evidence for brain lateralization.
Section Reference: CNS Injury and Brain Lateralization
239. ___________ is a term for the specialization of the left and right hemisphere of the brain for particular operations.
a) Localization
b) Lateralization
c) Plasticity
d) Specificity
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explore the neuroscience findings regarding brain injury and the evidence for brain lateralization.
Section Reference: CNS Injury and Brain Lateralization
240. What is the name of the bundle of nerve fibers that carries information between the brain's right and left hemispheres?
a) corpus callosum
b) cerebral cortex
c) cerebellum
d) hippocampus
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explore the neuroscience findings regarding brain injury and the evidence for brain lateralization.
Section Reference: CNS Injury and Brain Lateralization
241. Your left brain does not know what your right brain is doing. It is MOST likely that your _____ has been severed.
a) amygdala
b) frontal lobe
c) association cortex
d) corpus callosum
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explore the neuroscience findings regarding brain injury and the evidence for brain lateralization.
Section Reference: CNS Injury and Brain Lateralization
242. If Olivia is right handed and Eitan is left-handed where are the language centres in the brain most likely to be located?
a) Eitan is more likely to have his language centres located in the right hemisphere than is Olivia.
b) Eitan is more likely to have his language centres located in the left hemisphere than is Olivia.
c) Eitan is just as likely as Olivia to have his language centres located in the left hemisphere.
d) Handedness does not allow one to predict the brain lateralization of language centres.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Explore the neuroscience findings regarding brain injury and the evidence for brain lateralization.
Section Reference: CNS Injury and Brain Lateralization
243. Multicellular organisms evolved about
a) 1.8 billion years ago.
b) 750-650 million years ago.
c) 600-500 million years ago.
d) 400-300 million years ago.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the basic theory of evolution and explain how it has influenced our understanding of the human nervous system and the evolution of the human brain.
Section Reference: Evolution and the Nervous System
244. The first creatures to develop a bony structure protecting the dorsal nerve ends were the _____________.
a) chordates
b) vertebrates
c) amphibians
d) reptiles
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the basic theory of evolution and explain how it has influenced our understanding of the human nervous system and the evolution of the human brain.
Section Reference: Evolution and the Nervous System
245. The first creatures to move onto land were the ___________.
a) chordates
b) vertebrates
c) amphibians
d) reptiles
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the basic theory of evolution and explain how it has influenced our understanding of the human nervous system and the evolution of the human brain.
Section Reference: Evolution and the Nervous System
246.The kingdom Animalia is unique because
a) they were the first division of life that had backbones.
b) they are the most prevalent life form on earth.
c) they are the first life form to live entirely out of water.
d) they are the first life form to contain organisms that have a nervous system.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the basic theory of evolution and explain how it has influenced our understanding of the human nervous system and the evolution of the human brain.
Section Reference: Evolution and the Nervous System
247. Characteristics that are similar between species and that can be traced back to a common ancestor are referred to as
a) analogous.
b) homologous.
c) homogenous.
d) heterogenous.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the basic theory of evolution and explain how it has influenced our understanding of the human nervous system and the evolution of the human brain.
Section Reference: Evolution and the Nervous System
248. Imagine that scientists have discovered a new species of goat that has an incredibly long neck, just like a giraffe. They learn that this new species does not eat grass like regular goats, but instead, it prefers to eat leaves from the tops of the trees. Since further DNA testing has revealed that this new species of goat has no common ancestor with the giraffe, the evolution of their long neck would be the result of
a) homologous evolution.
b) convergent evolution.
c) divergent evolution.
d) phylogenetic evolution.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the basic theory of evolution and explain how it has influenced our understanding of the human nervous system and the evolution of the human brain.
Section Reference: Evolution and the Nervous System
249. As you walk around the zoo, you notice that penguins and dolphins both have fin-like structures, even though they are not at all related. Which of the following is the best explanation for this similarity?
a) Fins are a heterogenous characteristic.
b) Fins are an analogous characteristic.
c) Fins are a homologous characteristic.
d) Fins are a divergent characteristic.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the basic theory of evolution and explain how it has influenced our understanding of the human nervous system and the evolution of the human brain.
Section Reference: Evolution and the Nervous System
250. The development of similar physical characteristics or behaviours in different species that do not share a common ancestor is called _______________ evolution.
a) convergent
b) homogenous
c) homologous
d) divergent
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the basic theory of evolution and explain how it has influenced our understanding of the human nervous system and the evolution of the human brain.
Section Reference: Evolution and the Nervous System
251. The ability of an individual of a species to survive and reproduce is called
a) evolution.
b) adaptability.
c) natural selection.
d) fitness.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the basic theory of evolution and explain how it has influenced our understanding of the human nervous system and the evolution of the human brain.
Section Reference: Evolution and the Nervous System
252. If a family member asked you to think about which of your twenty nieces and nephews, all children, was most “fit” from a Darwinian perspective, you would choose
a) the largest child.
b) a male child, as males are more fit in general.
c) the cutest or most attractive child.
d) none. There is no way to know because fitness is about perpetuating the species.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the basic theory of evolution and explain how it has influenced our understanding of the human nervous system and the evolution of the human brain.
Section Reference: Evolution and the Nervous System
253. Which of the following is accurate regarding evolutionary theory?
a) The process of evolution never stops.
b) Changes in the environment cause changes in all species living in that environment.
c) When environmental changes occur, only the healthiest, strongest individuals of a species survive.
d) All of these statements are accurate.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the basic theory of evolution and explain how it has influenced our understanding of the human nervous system and the evolution of the human brain.
Section Reference: Evolution and the Nervous System
254. The Origin of the Species was a book written by
a) William James.
b) Edward Titchener.
c) Charles Darwin.
d) B. F. Skinner.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the basic theory of evolution and explain how it has influenced our understanding of the human nervous system and the evolution of the human brain.
Section Reference: Evolution and the Nervous System
255. Which of the following was NOT one of Darwin’s observations?
a) There were major changes in the form of animals that were fossilized.
b) Different species had structural similarities underneath.
c) Selective breeding of captive animals leads to changes in the appearance.
d) Not all animals that are born will survive to maturity and reproduce.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the basic theory of evolution and explain how it has influenced our understanding of the human nervous system and the evolution of the human brain.
Section Reference: Evolution and the Nervous System
256. The integration of Darwin’s theory of evolution and Mendel’s discovery of genetic processes is called
a) behavioural genetics.
b) biopsychology.
c) modern synthesis.
d) integrative evolutionary theory.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the basic theory of evolution and explain how it has influenced our understanding of the human nervous system and the evolution of the human brain.
Section Reference: Evolution and the Nervous System
257. In evolutionary psychology, the term “fitness” refers to
a) the members of a species who are physically stronger.
b) the members of a species who are in better health.
c) the ability of an individual to grow to maturity and reproduce.
d) the best members of a species in terms of attractiveness to mates, physical health, and strength.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the basic theory of evolution and explain how it has influenced our understanding of the human nervous system and the evolution of the human brain.
Section Reference: Evolution and the Nervous System
258. The _______ sets the primate brain apart form other species.
a) number of hemispheres of the brain
b) size of the brain stem
c) size of the hippocampus
d) size of the cortex
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the basic theory of evolution and explain how it has influenced our understanding of the human nervous system and the evolution of the human brain.
Section Reference: Evolution and the Nervous System
259. Which of the following is evidence that the human brain has increased in size since the time of the Australopithecus?
a) The overall size of the Australopithecus’ skull is smaller.
b) The area at the front of the skull has expanded in modern humans.
c) Fossils of the Australopithecus’ brain are smaller than the brains of modern humans.
d) both a & b.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the basic theory of evolution and explain how it has influenced our understanding of the human nervous system and the evolution of the human brain.
Section Reference: Evolution and the Nervous System
260. The differential likelihood between members of a species in their ability to survive and reproduce is known as
a) convergent evolution.
b) divergent evolution.
c) analogous evolution.
d) evolution by natural selection.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the basic theory of evolution and explain how it has influenced our understanding of the human nervous system and the evolution of the human brain.
Section Reference: Evolution and the Nervous System
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