Practice Test Ogden Chapter 1 Full Test Bank - Test Bank | Psychology Around Us 4e by Nancy Ogden. DOCX document preview.
CHAPTER 1
PSYCHOLOGY: YESTERDAY AND TODAY
CHAPTER LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis psychologists use.
- Psychology is the study of mental processes and behaviour.
- The goals of psychology are to describe, explain, predict, and control behaviour and mental processes. Psychologists vary in the degree to which they focus on some of these goals more than others.
- The study of psychology must occur at multiple levels, including the level of the brain (the biological activity associated with mental processes and behaviour), the level of the person (the content of mental processes), and the level of the group (social influences on behaviour).
- The goals of psychology are to describe, explain, predict, and control behaviour and mental processes. Psychologists vary in the degree to which they focus on some of these goals more than others.
2. Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
- Early explanations of human behaviour were rooted in superstition and magic.
- Later, philosophers, beginning with the ancient Greeks, tried to develop more objective theories of human consciousness and reality.
- The work of such early philosophers as Hippocrates, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle contributed to the later formation of psychology as a natural science.
3. Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
- The development of psychology has been strongly influenced by shifts in the social environment and development of new technology.
- The first psychology laboratory was founded in Leipzig, Germany, by physiologist Wilhelm Wundt. Wundt was interested in human consciousness and will, which he studied through small, structured activities that could be easily watched and replicated.
- Structuralism, a school of thought developed by one of Wundt’s students, relied upon the use of introspection, the careful observation of human perception. The goal of the structuralists was to find the smallest building blocks of consciousness.
- William James established the first psychology laboratory in the United States at Harvard. He helped shift the field’s focus to the functions of mental events and behaviours, forming a school of thought known as functionalism.
- Gestalt psychologists studied human tendencies to perceive pattern rather than dividing consciousness into its smallest parts. They focused on putting together the “parts,” or individual sensations, to create a “whole” or perception that went beyond the sum of the parts.
4. Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
- Over the years, different fields of psychology emerged, with different ideas about what was the appropriate area of study for human psychology. Some of the most influential fields were the psychoanalytic, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience schools of thought.
- Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytical theory focused on the importance of unconscious mental processes.
- Behaviourists believed strongly that psychology should restrict its focus to the careful study of observable behaviours.
- Humanistic psychologists reacted against the mechanical portrayals of people by the behaviourists, and emphasized individuals’ potential for growth and self-actualization.
- Cognitive psychologists reignited interest in the study of mental processes, comparing the workings of the mind to the workings of computers.
- Biological science, including interest in the workings of the brain and in our genetic inheritance, was the major influence on neuroscience approaches.
5. Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
- The theoretical and cultural diversity of the field of psychology has increased dramatically over recent years.
- There are three key branches of psychology: academic, applied, and clinical/counselling.
- Across the three branches and many specialty areas in psychology, psychologists are united by their shared values. Psychologists generally agree that psychology is theory-driven, empirical, multi-level, and contextual.
- Currently, psychology appears to be developing as a science in response to a growing diversity throughout the field, advances in technology (such as brain scanning), and the development of new schools such as positive psychology.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. Psychology is defined as the scientific study of
a) how people think, reason, and behave.
b) human behavior in applied settings.
c) mental processes and behaviors.
d) mental disorders and adjustment issues.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis psychologists use.
Section Reference: What Is Psychology?
2. __________ can be directly observed; _________ are internal experiences that cannot be directly observed.
a) Behaviour; mental processes
b) Mental processes; behaviours
c) Thoughts; dreams
d) Psychological processes; overt responses
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis psychologists use.
Section Reference: What Is Psychology?
3. Chago takes a test to find our what career path he should take, and he learns that he’s fascinated by the mental processes and behaviours of others. What do you think the test concluded about Chago’s career path, based on his results?
a) he should go into sociology
b) he should study anthropology
c) he would do the best in political science
d) he would be well advised to study psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis psychologists use.
Section Reference: What Is Psychology?
4. The main difference between a ‘behaviour’ and a ‘mental process’ is that
a) a mental process is more effortful than a behaviour.
b) a behaviour is intentional; a mental process is not.
c) a behaviour is observable; a mental process is not.
d) a mental process is in response to an environmental cue while a behaviour is in response to an internal cue.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis psychologists use.
Section Reference: What Is Psychology?
5. Which of the following would not be a concern of the discipline of psychology?
a) Which areas of the brain are involved in memory?
b) Why do non-violent people sometimes commit violent acts when in a group?
c) How does cell division sometimes lead to cancer?
d) Do people who use on-line dating sites have common personality traits?
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis psychologists use.
Section Reference: What Is Psychology?
6. What are the goals of psychology?
a) to explore the conscious and unconscious functions of the human mind
b) to understand, compare, and analyze human behavior
c) to improve psychological well-being in all individuals from conception to death
d) to describe, explain, predict, and change behavior
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis psychologists use.
Section Reference: What Is Psychology?
7. Most psychologists agree that ___________ is the first step in understanding human behaviour.
a) description
b) self-understanding
c) assessment
d) prediction
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis psychologists use.
Section Reference: What Is Psychology?
8. Which of the following is the BEST example of psychology's goal of describing behavior?
a) giving an interest-inventory (test) at a college counseling center to determine what career or college choices would best suit a student
b) conducting an experiment to determine if watching violent cartoons increases aggressive behavior in preschoolers
c) videotaping an intersection with four-way stop signs and measuring the ratio of complete to incomplete stops made by drivers
d) sending first-time drug offenders to an inpatient treatment program rather than to jail
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis psychologists use.
Section Reference: What Is Psychology?
9. Which of the following is the BEST example of psychology's goal of changing
behavior?
a) conducting research into the likelihood that convicted felons will reoffend once released from prison
b) exploring the function of cutting behavior in a teenager's life so that the teenager can understand his options and make choices regarding the behavior.
c) giving an interest-inventory (test) at a college counseling center to determine what career or college choices would best suit a student
d) videotaping an intersection with four-way stop signs and measuring the ratio of complete to incomplete stops made by drivers
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis psychologists use.
Section Reference: What Is Psychology?
10. What goal of psychology is associated with the desire to limit or increase behaviour?
a) description
b) explanation
c) prediction
d) control
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis psychologists use.
Section Reference: What Is Psychology?
11. Which of the following would demonstrate the goal of control in psychology?
a) A psychologist studies the effect of specific therapies on the reduction of drug use in addicts.
b) A psychologist studies why certain people are more susceptible to using drugs.
c) A psychologist tries to determine what circumstances leads adolescents to experiment with drugs.
d) A psychologist studies how an adolescent makes the decision to try drugs for the first time.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis psychologists use.
Section Reference: What Is Psychology
12. The goal of prediction in psychology is intended to answer the question
a) how.
b) why.
c) when.
d) where.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis psychologists use.
Section Reference: What Is Psychology?
13. A psychologist who studies why adolescents disclose more personal information on social media than in face-to-face interactions is interested in the goal of
a) description.
b) explanation.
c) prediction.
d) control.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis psychologists use.
Section Reference: What Is Psychology?
14. Which of the following illustrates control as a goal of psychology?
a) stopping addictive behaviors
b) improving family relationships
c) becoming less anxious
d) improving a work environment
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis psychologists use.
Section Reference: What Is Psychology?
15. Katie is interested in studying factors that motivate undergraduate students to apply to graduate school. Which level of analysis is Katie considering?
a) the brain
b) the person
c) the group
d) culture
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis psychologists use.
Section Reference: What Is Psychology?
16. Dr. Bindle is working on the space station when suddenly he looks out the window and sees an alien waving at him from about 10 feet away. Dr. Bindle manages to get the alien inside, and the two of them begin attempts at communication. Given that we do not know anything about this alien, what is the first goal that Dr. Bindle should achieve?
a) description – observe the alien’s behaviour
b) explanation – figure out why the alien is here
c) prediction – determine where the alien will go next
d) control – hold the alien captive so it cannot pop in on other space inhabitants
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis psychologists use.
Section Reference: What Is Psychology?
17. Which of the following goals of psychology is correctly matched with an example?
a) Description – A research assistant records the number of aggressive acts children display during a 15-minute recess period.
b) Prediction – A sports psychologist determines whether increased testosterone produces increased aggression among student athletes.
c) Explanation – A team of educators develops a program to decrease aggression among schoolchildren.
d) Control – A researcher assesses whether adults are more likely to feel depressed when they have experienced recent major losses than when they have not.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis psychologists use.
Section Reference: What Is Psychology?
18. A student is identified by her teachers as being very academically gifted, and the administration anticipates that she would do well in the school's advanced studies program. This is an example of which goal in psychology?
a) describing behavior
b) explaining behavior
c) predicting behavior
d) changing behavior
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis psychologists use.
Section Reference: What Is Psychology?
19. Which of the following example would involve the level of analysis of the brain?
a) Studying the role of the hippocampus in long term memory.
b) Teaching three-year old children how to share.
c) Does social media use negatively impact face-to-face interactions?
d) The role of culture in language development.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis psychologists use.
Section Reference: What Is Psychology?
20. How has psychology’s focus on the different levels of analysis changed over the history of the discipline?
a) Brain-level and group-level analyses are more prevalent in today’s psychology than they were in the past.
b) Group-level analyses are less prevalent in today’s psychology than they were in the past.
c) Individual-level analyses are more prevalent in today’s psychology than they were in the past.
d) Individual-level analyses are more prevalent in today’s psychology than they were in the past, while group-level analyses are less common now.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis psychologists use.
Section Reference: What Is Psychology?
21. Which of the following is interested in the level of analysis of the person?
a) Sophia, who is studying genetic factors involved in depression.
b) Hassan, who is studying academic dishonesty in different cultures.
c) Lilly, who is studying the relationship between the personality characteristic of extroversion and time spent on Facebook.
d) Noam, who is studying racism against First Nations persons.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis psychologists use.
Section Reference: What Is Psychology?
22. Which level of analysis would be involved in teaching a classroom of 6-year -old children to play cooperatively together?
a) the group
b) the person
c) the culture
d) personality
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis psychologists use.
Section Reference: What Is Psychology?
23. When people who are involved in extreme sports such as sky diving, cliff jumping, or ice climbing are asked why they are willing to take such risks, they often respond that they enjoy the “thrill”. What level of analysis does this example demonstrate?
a) the brain
b) the person
c) the group
d) the culture
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis psychologists use.
Section Reference: What Is Psychology?
24. Which of the following statements is true regarding the levels of analysis in psychology?
a) Each specific thought or behaviour occurs at one of the following levels: the level of the brain, the level of the person, or the level of the group.
b) The level of the brain is the most important level of analysis in psychology.
c) Thoughts and behaviours are analyzed at the group level by sociologists and anthropologists, not by psychologists.
d) All thoughts and behaviours operate and interact at all three levels.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis psychologists use.
Section Reference: What Is Psychology?
25. How are a culture and a group different?
a) A culture and a group are the same thing.
b) A culture refers to the shared beliefs and practices of a group.
c) A group is a subset of culture.
d) A culture is a subset of a group.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis psychologists use.
Section Reference: What Is Psychology?
26. Jenna is a psychologist who has been trying to counsel a woman from another country to be more assertive in her marriage. Although Jenna has tried many different approaches, the woman seems unwilling to take her advice. Which level of analysis might Jenna be failing to consider?
a) the brain
b) the person
c) the group
d) none of these. Jenna should keep trying.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Define psychology and describe the goals and levels of analysis psychologists use.
Section Reference: What Is Psychology?
27. Hippocrates suggested that physical and psychological health was influenced by bodily fluids called __________________.
a) essences.
b) blood oils
c) humors
d) life forces
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
28. After mentioning to a friend that you have not been feeling well lately, your friend tells you that it could be related to an excess of phlegm. With which philosopher would your friend’s suggestion most closely align?
a) Hippocrates
b) Socrates
c) Aristotle
d) Plato
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
29. Which of the following statements could be correctly attributed to Hippocrates?
a) Physical and psychological health is influenced by bodily fluids known as humors.
b) We can use reasoning to uncover the core ideas imbedded in the human soul.
c) The mind and the body are distinct, and the mind continues after the body dies.
d) Living things are hierarchically organized.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
30. Which Greek philosopher believed that certain ideas were pure and signified an ultimate reality?
a) Hippocrates
b) Socrates
c) Plato
d) Aristotle
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
31. Which of the following ideas did Socrates and Plato have in common?
a) The mind and body are distinct, and the mind continues after the body dies.
b) Certain ideas and concepts were pure and signified an ultimate reality.
c) Humans and animals are closely related.
d) Physical and psychological are determined by bodily fluids called humors.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
32. Which philosopher believed that we could use logical or rational thinking to discover “core ideas” buried within the human soul?
a) Hippocrates
b) Socrates
c) Plato
d) Aristotle
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
33. Which of the following philosophers is correctly matched with a core idea?
a) Hippocrates – objects of beauty share certain identifiable factors
b) Socrates – mind and body are distinct
c) Plato – all objects and creatures have a basic purpose
d) Aristotle -. the body contains four bodily fluids called humors
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
34. As Lila watches the sun set over the water, she thinks about why the experience brings her so much pleasure. Lila’s approach to watching the sunset most resembles that of
a) Hippocrates.
b) Plato.
c) Socrates.
d) Aristotle.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
35. The idea that the mind and body are distinct was first suggested by
a) Hippocrates and Socrates.
b) Socrates and Plato.
c) Hippocrates and Plato.
d) Aristotle and Socrates.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
36. How do the goals of early religious practices compare to the goals of contemporary psychology?
a) The goals of early religious practices contradict those of contemporary psychology.
b) The goals of early religious practices are unrelated to those of contemporary psychology.
c) The goals of early religious practices overlap a little with those of contemporary psychology.
d) The goals of early religious practices are quite similar to those of contemporary psychology.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
37. In the fourth and fifth centuries BCE
a) Greek thinkers begin to use supernatural explanations for inexplicable events.
b) Greek thinkers begin to substitute natural for supernatural explanations of nature and reality.
c) Greek thinkers begin to view human beings as machines governed by fixed natural laws.
d) Greek thinkers begin to argue for the primacy of experience in shaping human nature.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
38. Which of the following was NOT a contribution of early Greek philosophers?
a) They realized that theories are always able to improve.
b) They told stories in attempts to explain the mysteries of life.
c) They questioned how the mind works and how it is related to the body.
d) They introduced procedures used in our modern scientific method.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
39. With which of the following beliefs of the Greek philosophers would current psychologists agree?
a) A hypothesis can be proven using empirical research methods.
b) A theory is never final but is always capable of improvement.
c) Some events have no scientific explanation and, therefore, must occur due to supernatural forces.
d) Knowledge is innate and emerges through experience.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
40. Teagan finds herself frequently reflecting on the nature and meaning of life. Teagan might be interested in studying
a) psychology.
b) philosophy.
c) biology.
d) physics.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
41. _____ theorists were the first to argue that theories are always tentative.
a) Greek
b) Roman
c) Early modern
d) Modern
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
42. Empiricism is the argument that
a) considers how mental processes function to adapt to changing environments.
b) the mind at birth is a blank slate.
c) all knowledge originates in experience.
d) free will is the ultimate agency in human behaviour.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
43. Empiricism was created by ________________?
a) Descartes
b) Bacon
c) Locke
d) Muller
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
44. _____ is widely considered the creator of empiricism.
a) Rene Descartes.
b) Herman Von Helmholtz.
c) Gustav Fechner.
d) Francis Bacon.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
45. The idea that the mind was the “province of God” can be attributed to
a) Francis Bacon.
b) Rene Descartes.
c) John Locke.
d) Johannes Muller.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
46. Himeko is wondering what the pineal gland does, so she looks it up online. She learns that according to Rene Descartes, the pineal gland
a) is the point of contact between the mind and body.
b) is where neural impulses originate.
c) is where our four bodily humors are stored.
d) is the source of our knowledge and soul.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
47. Which of the following is correctly matched with their view?
a) Francis Bacon – all knowledge originates in experience.
b) John Locke – at birth, the human mind is filled with innate ideas.
c) Johannes Muller – psychology should be considered a science like chemistry and physics
d) Gustav Fechner – all truths are ultimately linked.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
48. Which of the following is correctly matched with their contribution?
a) Rene Descartes – was the first to measure the speed of a nerve impulse
b) Herman von Helmholtz – was the creator of empiricism
c) Gustav Fechner – believed the pineal gland to be the point of contact between the mind and body
d) John Locke – believed the mind at birth to be a tabula rasa
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
49. Dupris believed that his baby son’s mind was a blank slate, waiting for experience to create learning and knowledge. Dupris’ ideas are most consistent with those of
a) Rene Descartes.
b) Francis Bacon.
c) John Locke.
d) Gustav Fechner.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
50.If you believe in the concept of tabula rasa, which of the following would you consider to be true?
a) Babies are born with basic knowledge which further develops over time with experience.
b) Babies are born with innate knowledge that emerges as language develops.
c) Babies acquire all knowledge through experience.
d) Babies are born with sensory knowledge, but higher knowledge develops with experience.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
51. Dr. Stahl is conducting a study where she presents participants with decreasing intensities of sound and asks them to identify when they can no longer hear it. Dr. Stahl would be conducting research in the area of
a) Physiology.
b) Psychophysics.
c) Empiricism.
d) Structuralism.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
52. Which of the following is correctly matched with their contribution?
a) Francis Bacon – considered the father of experimental psychology
b) Johannes Muller – pioneered the area of psychophysics
c) Herman von Helmholtz – was the creator of empiricism
d) Gustav Fechner – believed the pineal gland to be the point of contact between the mind and body
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
53. Which of the following studies would be of greatest interest to Hermann von Helmholtz?
a) The influence of the pineal gland on human behaviour.
b) The relationship between increasing levels of shock and the experience of pain.
c) How much of a new medication is required to alleviate the symptoms of schizophrenia.
d) The effect of multiple sclerosis on the speed of nerve impulses travelling through the body.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
54. Beatrice uses electric shock to stimulate the nerve of frog’s leg and measures how much time it takes for the leg to move. Which of the following would have had the greatest influence on Beatrice’s experiment?
a) Rene Descartes
b) Johannes Muller
c) Herman von Helmholtz
d) Gustav Fechner
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
55. Herman von Helmholtz was the first to determine
a) how to gather data, analyze data, and perform experiments.
b) how sensation and perception impact behaviour.
c) that nerve impulses occur over time rather than instantaneously.
d) the methods and study techniques later used in psychology.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
56.Which of the following is correctly matched with their contribution?
a) Francis Bacon – was the first to measure the speed of a nerve impulse
b) Herman von Helmholtz – believed the pineal gland to be the point of contact between
the mind and body
c) Gustav Fechner – considered to one of the founders of experimental psychology
d) Johannes Muller – was the creator of empiricism
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
57. Which of the following is one of the founders of experimental psychology?
a) Rene Descartes
b) Johannes Muller
c) Herman von Helmholtz
d) Gustav Fechner
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
58.Which of the following studies would be of greatest interest to Johannes Muller and Gustav Fechner?
a) The relationship between genetics and depression.
b) The relationship between increasing levels of shock and the experience of pain.
c) How much of a new medication is required to alleviate the symptoms of schizophrenia.
d) The effect of multiple sclerosis on the speed of nerve impulses travelling through the body.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Synthesis
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
59. _______________ proposes that variations are passed down from parents to offspring and some of those variations are _____________.
a) Voluntarism; emergent
b) Natural selection; adaptive
c) Adaptation theory; natural
d) Structuralism; dualistic
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
60.In which of the following studies would Charles Darwin be most interested?
a) The effect of early childhood experience on adult relationships.
b) The effectiveness of a talk therapy in treating depression.
c) Differences in survival rates of black beetles compared to red beetles.
d) Differences in educational outcomes of children raised in poverty compared to those raised in middle socio-economic households.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
61. Charles Darwin's principle of an evolutionary process in which heritable traits that increase an organism's chance of survival and reproduction are more likely to be passed on to succeeding generations is called ________.
a) natural selection
b) survival of the fittest
c) evolutionary specification
d) environmental capitalization
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
62. It is possible giraffes with long necks live longer than those with short necks as they can eat leaves from tall trees that giraffes with shorter necks cannot reach. This statement best demonstrates the ideas of
a) Charles Darwin.
b) Wilhelm Wundt.
c) Edward Titchener.
d) John Locke.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
63. The theory of __________________ proposes that some chance variations passed down from parent to offspring are adaptive and help the organism to survive and reproduce in a specific environment.
a) survival of the fittest
b) evolution
c) natural selection
d) natural adaptation
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
64. The philosophical approach of functionalism differs from structuralism in that functionalism
a) considers the elements of conscious experience.
b) is the systematic observation of the details of mental processes.
c) considers how mental processes function to adapt to changing environments.
d) regarded will as the ultimate agency in human behaviour.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
65. Diane is keeping an in-depth record of her conscious awareness including basic sensations, images, feelings, and thoughts that she is aware of experiencing. Diane is practicing what Wundt would call _________.
a) structuralism
b) empiricism
c) functionalism
d) introspection
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
66. Which of the following represents an important contribution of Wilhelm Wundt to the discipline of psychology?
a) He was the first to measure the speed of a nerve impulse in 1879.
b) He established the first psychology laboratory in the United States in 1879.
c) He suggested the theory of natural selection in 1879.
d) He established the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany in 1879.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
67. Which of the following best demonstrates the idea of voluntarism?
a) Omer, who believes that most of his behaviours arise due to unconscious forces.
b) Teila, who believes that most of her behaviours arise as voluntary and willful acts of decision.
c) Gerard, who believes that his behaviours are greatly influenced by social forces.
d) Trena, who believes that looking inward allows us to understand our behaviours.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
68. Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener both believed that psychology should focus on
a) the function of consciousness.
b) basic elements of conscious experience.
c) observable behaviours.
d) the role of wilful acts of decision in behaviour.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
69. _____ is credited with founding structuralism.
a) Gustav Fechner
b) William James
c) Wilhelm Wundt
d) Edward Titchener
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
70. Which term refers to “looking inward” and was a method of behavioural investigation developed by Wundt?
a) functionalism
b) structuralism
c) voluntarism
d) introspection
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
71. If you take a bite of an apple and concentrate on the fact that it is sweet, crunchy, cold, etc., which of the following would you be using?
a) voluntarism
b) empiricism
c) introspection
d) functionalism
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
72. Matthew is tasting a number of new foods. With every new food he tastes, he keeps an in-depth record of his conscious awareness of his experiences including sensation, images, feelings, and thoughts. Matthew is practicing
a) structuralism.
b) empiricism.
c) functionalism.
d) introspection.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
73. If you take a bite of an apple and concentrate on why the apple might be crunchy rather than chewy, which of the following would you be using?
a) voluntarism
b) empiricism
c) introspection
d) functionalism
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
74. Which of the following was NOT a criticism of introspection?
a) Researchers were not able to produce reliable observations.
b) The technique relied too heavily on unconscious thoughts and feelings.
c) Reflecting on a feeling or experience changes the feeling or experience.
d) The findings of introspection depended on what the researcher was trying to find.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
75. In developing the functionalist approach, William James was most influenced by the
work of
a) Charles Darwin.
b) Edward Titchener.
c) Wilhelm Wundt.
d) Max Wertheimer.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
76. Jasmine is trying to get to know her new boyfriend better by asking him to describe his past life using the same technique that the structuralists used to study the mind. What technique is Jasmine’s boyfriend being asked to attempt?
a) introspection
b) hypnosis
c) dream analysis
d) meditation
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
77. Calen is participating in a research experiment in which the researcher asks him to describe the mental processes evoked by the experience of eating a piece of cheese. He is asked to reflect upon and describe the taste, colour, and texture of the cheese. The researcher is using the research method known as
a) voluntarism.
b) introspection.
c) functionalism.
d) structuralism.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
78. If a structuralist and a functionalist were each studying a participant eating an apple, which of the following would best describe the focus of their respective research?
a) The structuralist would be focusing on how the participant still recognizes the object as an apple, even after three bites have been taken out of it. The functionalist would focus on the participant’s conscious experience of eating the apple.
b) The structuralist would focus on the patient’s conscious experience of eating the apple. The functionalist would focus on the unconscious urges that made the participant choose the apple instead of the orange.
c) The structuralist would focus on how the participant still recognizes the object as an apple, even after three bites have been taken out of it. The functionalist would focus on how regularly eating apples would help the participant fight off colds.
d) The structuralist would focus on the patient’s conscious experience of eating the apple. The functionalist would focus on how regularly eating apples would help the participant fight off colds.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
79. Which historical development below is correctly dated?
a) improvements in communication, transportation, and education – 1700s
b) Greek philosophy exerts a new influence on European thought – 1400–1600
c) humans are seen as machines subject to natural laws – 1900
d) Darwin developed the theory of evolution – early 1800s
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
80. Which historical time below is correctly matched with its relevance for the psychology’s development?
a) 1400–1600 – Humans are viewed as machines subject to the laws of matter.
b) 1800 – Advances in education and communication have encouraged public interest in science.
c) 1800s – Supernatural worldview fades.
d) late 1800s – Theory of evolution spurs interest in the origin of human behaviour.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
81. Jeremy is an athlete who believes his body is like a clock with interacting parts. Jeremy’s belief is most similar to the views of the
a) 1400’s.
b) 1500’s.
c) 1600’s.
d) 1700’s.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the influences of early myths and ancient Greek philosophies on psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology’s Roots in Philosophy
82. Which of the following was interested in studying both consciousness and the human will?
a) Wilhelm Wundt
b) Edward Titchener
c) William James
d) Max Wertheimer
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
83. Which of the following locations is associated with the formal beginning of psychology?
a) Vienna, Austria
b) Leipzig, Germany
c) Oxford, England
d) Prague, Czech Republic
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
84. The first psychology laboratory was opened by Wilhelm Wundt in
a) 1872.
b) 1879.
c) 1883.
d) 1889.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
85. Wundt is to ___ as Titchener is to ___.
a) voluntarism; structuralism
b) structuralism; voluntarism
c) structuralism; functionalism
d) functionalism; structuralism
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
86. Sven concludes that when our attention is on something, it is because we purposefully focused on that thing. Furthermore, he thinks that our behaviour is purposeful, in that it happened for a reason. Given Sven’s beliefs, with which theory would he most likely agree?
a) voluntarism
b) structuralism
c) functionalism
d) Gestalt psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
87. In his laboratory, Wundt applied rigorous, scientific experimentation to the study of
a) problem solving.
b) attention.
c) memory.
d) learning.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
88. Wundt examined thought and behaviour at _____ of analysis.
a) the group level
b) the individual level
c) both the brain and individual levels
d) both the individual and group levels
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
89. Dr. Leleux asserts that psychologists should attempt to identify the fundamental attributes of mental experience. Dr. Leleux appears most sympathetic to the ___ perspective in psychology.
a) functionalist
b) Gestalt
c) structuralist
d) humanistic
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
90. Which of the following best demonstrates introspection?
a) Nicolás is reflecting on how posable thumbs are adaptive for humans.
b) Jie is reflecting on how he can tell that the mountains are further away than the tree in front of his house.
c) Ho-joon is reflecting on the difference between voluntary and involuntary behaviours.
d) Jonathon is reflecting on the characteristics of a grape – the colour, the smooth skin, and the sweet taste.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
91. If you were keeping an in-depth record of your conscious awareness including sensation, images, feelings, and thoughts that you are aware of experiencing, then you would be practicing what Edward Titchener would have called _________.
a) structuralism
b) empiricism
c) functionalism
d) introspection
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
92. Which early psychologists focused on the role of consciousness as it related to immediate behaviours and basic elements of mental processes?
a) Wundt and Titchener
b) Titchener and James
c) Hall and Wertheimer
d) Wundt and James
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
93. Which goal of psychology is involved in the study of why certain people are more susceptible to developing depression?
a) Description
b) Explanation
c) Prediction
d) Control
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
94. In which of the goals of psychology were the functionalists most interested?
a) description
b) prediction
c) explanation
d) control
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
95. A primary challenge of the technique called introspection that was favored by structuralists is that it cannot:
a) identify what is going on within any one person's consciousness.
b) distinguish any differences between men and women, which limits its usefulness.
c) be conducted individually; many people had to be studied at the same time to achieve valid results.
d) be used to study children, animals, or more complex mental disorders.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
96. With regards to consciousness, experience was to _______________ as purpose was to ______________.
a) Gestaltists; Functionalists
b) Functionalists; Structuralists
c) Functionalists; Gestaltists
d) Structuralists; Functionalists
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
97. Which of the following best describes the main focus of the functionalist approach?
a) Studying the structure of conscious experience.
b) Studying the willful acts of decision in human behaviour.
c) Studying mental processes and how simple thoughts expand into complex ideas.
d) Studying how mental processes help us adapt to changing environments.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
98. A time travel mishap lands you at one of the first psychology conferences ever held, sometime at the dawn of the twentieth century. The graying older scientists slowly losing their grip on the field are most likely ___, whereas the passionate young up-and-comers are probably ___.
a) structuralists; functionalists
b) functionalists; structuralists
c) humanists; structuralists
d) humanists; functionalists
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
99. Tony and Felicia are both thinking about buying a new computer. Tony is interested in how the new computer will allow him to produce customer invoices more efficiently whereas Felicia is interested in individual components of the computer. Which of the following would most likely be true?
a) Tony is a Gestaltist; Felicia is a functionalist.
b) Tony is a structuralist; Felicia is a voluntarist.
c) Tony is a functionalist; Felicia is a structuralist.
d) Tony is a voluntarist; Felicia is a functionalist.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
100. With respect to the development of personality, William James would be most interested in
a) the contribution of unconscious memories to a person’s personality.
b) the structure of the personality.
c) how personality contributes to an individual’s adaptation to the environment.
d) the observable behaviours used to describe personality.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
101. William James wrote a book called
a) Psychological Thought and Behaviour.
b) Principles of Psychology.
c) Elements of Consciousness.
d) Social Context and Mental Processes.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
102. Functionalism made an important contribution to the science of psychology because it ____________________.
a) explained why different individuals experience stimuli differently
b) drew the line between branches of psychology so that each had its own function
c) expanded the scope of psychology to consider emotion and observable behavior
d) precisely specified the scope of psychology as dealing with mental processes
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
103. In which of the following would a Gestalt psychologist be interested?
a) the function of a bicycle
b) the individual parts of a bicycle
c) the experience of riding a bicycle
d) how the spokes of the bicycle seem to disappear when the bicycle is moving rapidly
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
104. The early history of psychology occurred in which of the following orders?
a) voluntarism – functionalism – structuralism
b) voluntarism – structuralism – functionalism
c) structuralism – voluntarism – functionalism
d) structuralism – functionalism – voluntarism
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
105. _____ was a school of psychological thought that investigated how mental processes help humans and other animals adapt to their environment.
a) Structuralism
b) Gestalt
c) Cognitive processing
d) Functionalism
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
106. Which field of psychology argues that we have inborn tendencies to structure our perceptions into broad perceptual units?
a) Structuralism
b) Voluntarism
c) Functionalism
d) Gestalt
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
107. Gestalt psychology may be seen as a reaction to the ___ perspective.
a) psychoanalytic
b) humanist
c) functionalist
d) structuralist
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
108. Which of the following is not accurate an accurate statement regarding Gestalt psychology?
a) It suggests that problem solving develops from sudden insight into a solution.
b) It helped guide psychology toward a broader view of the human mind and functioning.
c) Many of its concepts are still important to the study of perception.
d) It is based on tendencies learned from experience.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
109. When you watch television, you see a complete picture rather than the many small pixels that make up that picture. Which area of psychology could best explain this phenomenon?
a) Voluntarism
b) Structuralism
c) Functionalism
d) Gestalt
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
110. Akshay organizes the binders in his office by colour. This colour-coding exemplifies the Gestalt principle of ___.
a) proximity
b) similarity
c) chromaticity
d) closure
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
111. You have been trying for months to design a mousetrap that would cause no harm to the mouse. After many failed attempts, you suddenly see the solution clearly as if a “lightbulb” suddenly went off in your head. This description of problem solving best fits with the ideas of
a) structuralists.
b) functionalists.
c) Gestaltists.
d) psychoanalysts.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
112. Psychoanalytic theory is still influential in the area(s) of
a) dream analysis.
b) personality and mental functioning.
c) repressed memories and personality.
d) child development.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
113. Which of the following is a key difference between Psychoanalytic theory and other theories such as functionalism, structuralism, and Gestalt psychology?
a) Psychoanalytic theory focuses on innate behaviours whereas the other theories focus on deliberate behaviours.
b) Psychoanalytic theory focuses on deliberate behaviours whereas the other theories focus on innate behaviours.
c) Psychoanalytic theory focuses on the unconscious whereas the other theories focus on the conscious mind.
d) Psychoanalytic theory focuses on the conscious mind, whereas the other theories focus on the unconscious.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
114. Dr. Fellisi is interested in memories that her patients are unaware of and how those memories affect their behaviour. Dr. Fellisi is particularly interested in
a) the unconscious.
b) the underlying introspective template.
c) whether infantile amnesia was experienced by the patient.
d) the subconscious.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
115. Jasmin has not saved sufficiently for a ‘rainy day.” So, when she finds herself unexpectedly unemployed, she is not prepared. Rather than looking for work however Jasmin seems to be involved in one drama after another, a minor car accident that she has blown out of proportion, a “break-up,” with a close friend, etc. Freud might argue that
a) Jasmin’s negative childhood experiences have brought her to this string of bad luck.
b) Jasmin has an unconscious desire to create crises in her life that she can control rather than dealing with the crisis that she cannot control.
c) Jasmin’s level of stress is causing her to lash out at strangers, friends, and family alike.
d) Jasmin’s superego is dominating her personality, causing her to make decisions based on a misplaced and rigid adherence to her moral code.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
116. The physician who was fascinated by the ability of the unconscious mind to influence the body was ________________.
a) Edward Titchener
b) Sigmund Freud
c) William James
d) B. F. Skinner
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
117. The “talking cure” was developed by
a) Freud.
b) Watson.
c) Pavlov.
d) Maslow.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
118. Jayla’s believes that the unconscious mind has an influence on one's behavior. This viewpoint is most consistent with the ___ perspective in psychology.
a) humanistic
b) psychosocial
c) psychoanalytic
d) cognitive
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
119. Freud based his theory regarding the role of unconscious on behaviours on
a) medical patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.
b) the philosophical writings of William James.
c) the experimental findings of Wundt and Titchener.
d) patients whose symptoms had no physical basis.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
120. According to Freud, personality is shaped by
a) toxic childhood experiences.
b) interactions between mental and physical forces.
c) the back-and-forth tension within and between the unconscious and unconscious mind.
d) memories that have been stored in the unconscious mind.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
121. To what extent has empirical research supported psychoanalytic theory?
a) Empirical research generally does not support psychoanalytic theory.
b) Empirical research offers moderate support for psychoanalytic theory.
c) Empirical research strongly supports psychoanalytic theory.
d) Empirical research has not addressed psychoanalytic theory.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
122. The first approach to recognize the crucial role of childhood experience on later development was the _____ approach.
a) Gestalt psychology
b) psychoanalytic
c) structuralist
d) cognitive psychology
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
123. Which of the following alternatives does NOT accurately express an impact of psychoanalytic theory in psychology?
a) Psychoanalytic theory introduced the idea of psychosexual stages, which is influential in child psychology today.
b) Psychoanalytic theory increased the applications of psychology to everyday life.
c) Psychoanalytic theory stirred interest in motivation, sexuality, child development, dreams, and abnormal behaviour.
d) Psychoanalytic theory introduced the idea of the unconscious which continues to be influential across medical, psychological, and spiritual/religious fields.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
124. Which of the following disorders describes Freud’s diagnosis for patients who suffered a transient loss of perceptual, cognitive, or motor function without any known physical cause?
a) psychoanalytic disorder
b) psychoticism
c) neuroticism
d) hysteria
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
125. After her fiancé was killed in a car accident, Emma lost her ability to walk even though
there is nothing physically wrong with her neurological system. Which of the following would Freud most likely have used to explain Emma’s problem?
a) Emma suffered negative childhood experiences.
b) Emma is suffering from hysteria.
c) Emma is experiencing unconscious urges that she is unable to express.
d) Emma is experiencing physiological problems that are hidden by her mental state.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
126. Which of the following is an accurate reason for the loss of credibility of psychoanalytic theory?
a) Freud conducted experimental research but only used female participants.
b) Freud only conducted research on children.
c) Freud relied only on anecdotes and case histories for his research.
d) Freud’s theories of personality are no longer influential.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
127. Which of the following is considered to be the pioneer of behaviourism?
a) Ivan Pavlov
b) Edward Thorndike
c) John Watson
d) B. F. Skinner
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
128. Deanna sees a burger advertisement on television and immediately feels hungry for a burger. According to behaviourist theory, the burger advertisement in this example is the ______________, and Deanna’s hunger is the ______________.
a) motivation; behaviour
b) stimulus; response
c) motivation; positive reinforcement
d) stimulus; positive reinforcement
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
129. Sarah works in a group home with people with moderate intellectual disabilities. Many of the residents are unmotivated to maintain effective hygiene regimes. So, Sarah and others working with the residents have implemented a system whereby a resident gets a token each time they brush their teeth, shower, put clothes in the wash, etc. They can trade the tokens in for snacks, extra time on the computer or game console, etc. This program reflects a _____ approach in psychology.
a) psychoanalytic
b) behaviourist
c) humanistic
d) psychobiological
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
130. Stimulus is to response as ___ is to ___.
a) environment; behaviour
b) behaviour; environment
c) behaviour; mind
d) unconscious; conscious
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
131. The development of behaviourism reflected the work of both American and ___ psychologists.
a) German
b) Austrian
c) Russian
d) French
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
132. The behaviorist that was convinced that behavior could be “shaped” was ________.
a) Sigmund Freud
b) B. F. Skinner
c) Wilhelm Wundt
d) William James
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
133. B. F. Skinner’s version of Behaviourism differed from Watson’s in that
a) Skinner felt Watson put too much emphasis on observable behaviours.
b) Skinner did not believe that animal research could be applied to humans.
c) Skinner focused on operant conditioning whereas Watson focused on classical conditioning.
d) Skinner acknowledged that internal, mental processes may be at work in some situations.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
134. Reinforcement is to ______________ behaviours as punishment is to ______________
behaviours.
a) increasing; increasing
b) increasing; decreasing
c) decreasing; increasing
d) decreasing; decreasing
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
135. Eight-year old Maggie refused to go to bed last night. In the morning, her mother tells her
she will not be allowed to play with her friends after school because of her behaviour the night before. Which method is Maggie’s mother using to change her behaviour?
a) Positive reinforcement
b) Negative reinforcement
c) Punishment
d) Conditioning
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
136. Which of the following criticisms was levelled at behaviourism when it became a prominent approach in psychology?
a) “Behaviourism lacks practical application to the real world.”
b) “Behaviourism’s popularization lowers its scientific credibility.”
c) “Behaviourism lacks scientific rigour.”
d) “Behaviourism is not a coherent perspective.”
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
137. The psychological perspective that processes such as thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating is the ________ perspective.
a) cognitive
b) gestalt
c) concept formation
d) information-processing
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
138. Dr. Mikhailov is treating Matteo for social anxiety. She is teaching him deep breathing techniques to use whenever he finds himself in a stressful situation. Dr. Mikhailov is also teaching Matteo how to coach himself while breathing deeply – teaching him to send positive messages regarding his ability to successfully handle the situation. Which of the following is Dr. Mikhailov using to treat Matteo?
a) psychoanalytic
b) behavioural
c) cognitive behavioural
d) humanist
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
139. The current area of psychology that most appreciates the early ideas of Wilhelm Wundt is
a) neuroscience.
b) sensation and perception.
c) evolutionary psychology.
d) cultural psychology.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
140. Five-year old Thomas hears his father swear when he hits his thumb with a hammer. An hour later, Thomas uses the same swear word when he stubs his toe on the chair. Which of the following theorists would claim that Thomas learned his behaviour by observing his father?
a) Edward Thorndike
b) John Watson
c) B. F. Skinner
d) Albert Bandura
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
141. Bandura was the first behaviourist to acknowledge a individual change could occur without an apparent change in their overt behaviour, acknowledging a role for internal representations and mental processing, paving the way for the _____ approach.
a) humanistic
b) positive psychology
c) psychobiological
d) cognitive-behavioural
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
142. Which behaviourist acknowledged that learning could happen without directly receiving consequences?
a) Skinner
b) Thorndike
c) Bandura
d) Watson
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
143. Which behaviourist below is correctly matched with a description or contribution?
a) Bandura – leading behaviourist after World War II
b) Pavlov – demonstrated learning through social observation.
c) Watson – demonstrated the conditioning of fear in children.
d) Skinner – credited with the discovery of conditioning.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
144. The psychological perspective that emerged in the 1950s that stressed free will and self-actualization was the __________ perspective.
a) behavioral
b) cognitive
c) humanistic
d) psychodynamic
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
145. _____ took an optimistic view of human nature, rejecting mechanistic principles, and emphasizing the unique qualities of humans, such as rationality and free will.
a) Humanism
b) Behaviourism
c) Psychoanalysis
d) Psychobiology
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
146. Which of the following best describes the humanistic perspective?
a) I am working on developing positively and become the best person I'm capable of being.
b) I believe that the economy and outside forces are the reason I am depressed.
c) The neurotransmitters in my brain are imbalanced and changing that will solve my problems.
d) If I go to therapy three times a week for several years and explore childhood trauma, I can resolve my problems.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
147. The humanists believed that human behavior was determined by ________.
a) an innate potential for growth
b) external reinforcement.
c) validation from the social world.
d) a need for superiority.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
148. According to Maslow, each of us has a basic, broad motive to fulfill our special potential as human beings. Maslow was referring to our drive for
a) unconditional positive regard.
b) self-fulfillment.
c) self-achievement.
d) self-actualization.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
149. According to Abraham Maslow, an inborn drive to develop all of one's talents and abilities is called _____.
a) self-satisfaction
b) joy
c) self-actualization
d) accomplishment
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
150. Nike slogans urge customers to “Just do it” and to “Dream further.” Both slogans relate to the humanist concept of _________.
a) self-actualization
b) self-efficacy
c) self-esteem
d) self-awareness
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
151. Daisy therapist has established a trusting and warm relationship with her. She treats Daisy as an equal, mirroring statements back to her and conveying unconditional positive regard. Which type of therapy does Daisy’s therapist provide?
a) client-centred therapy
b) psychoanalytic therapy
c) behavioural therapy
d) cognitive-behavioural therapy
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
152. Ophelia is trying a new therapist who treats her like an equal and who really makes efforts to understand her problems from her point of view. What type of therapy is Ophelia likely trying?
a) client-centered therapy
b) psychoanalysis
c) conditioning therapy
d) behaviour therapy
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
153. To describe the processes by which “sensory input is transformed, reduced, elaborated, stored, recovered, and used”, Ulric Neisser used the term
a) memory.
b) information processing.
c) cognition.
d) behaviour.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
154. Leah believes that the human mind functions like a computer, encoding, storing, and retrieving information both learned and remembered. Leah most likely subscribes to a _________ approach.
a) behavioural
b) cognitive
c) humanist
d) psychodynamic
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
155. Becca was at a food court on her break. She noticed that some parents engaged their young children in conversation where others barely spoke to them. She wondered whether this level of parental interaction became a factor in how these young children learned about language. This is the type of question a _____ psychologist would ask.
a) cognitive
b) behavioural
c) cognitive-behavioural
d) psychobiology
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
156. The transformation, storage, and retrieval of environmental inputs through thought and memory is called _____. This approach treats the _____ as hardware and the _____ as software.
a) information processing; brain; mind
b) introspection; mind; brain
c) rationalism; mind; behaviour
d) thinking; unconscious; conscious
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
157. Cognitive psychologists have determined that an individual letter is recognized more rapidly when it occurs in the context of a word than when it occurs in a random string of consonants. This finding is most clearly consistent with the ___ perspective in psychology’s history.
a) Gestalt
b) psychoanalytic
c) structuralist
d) humanistic
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Name important early psychologists and describe their major theories and research methods.
Section Reference: The Early Days of Psychology
158. Driving to work one day, Rosemary suspects that motorists talking on their cell phones process less information relevant to the task of driving than do other drivers. This hypothesis would most likely be tested by a ___ psychologist.
a) psychoanalytic
b) cognitive
c) behaviouristic
d) humanistic
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
159. Dr. Parker is interested in studying how different strategies affect memory. To what school of thought does Dr. Parker most likely belong?
a) behaviourism
b) cognitive psychology
c) humanism
d) evolutionary psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
160. Structuralism made an important contribution to the science of psychology because it _____ leading to the cognitive psychologists who _____.
a) established a model for studying mental content; examined the mind’s processes
b) showed how separate thoughts combined to form an idea; examined the mind’s contents
c) explained why individuals experience stimuli differently; examined similarity in mental content
d) highlighted why different scientific methods are needed to study children and adults; identified the need to study cross-culturally
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
161. Having been stranded at the dawn of the twentieth century in a time travel mishap, you attempt to return to the present day. As the smoke clears and the dust settles, though, you find that it is actually the early 1960s. Which of the following statements best describes the theoretical landscape in psychology at the time?
a) Behaviourism was becoming more influential, while humanism and cognitive psychology were waning.
b) Humanism was becoming more influential, while behaviourism and cognitive psychology were waning.
c) Humanism and behaviourism were becoming more influential, while cognitive psychology was waning.
d) Humanism and cognitive psychology were becoming more influential, while behaviourism was waning.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
162. Having been stranded at the dawn of the twentieth century in a time travel mishap, you attempt to return to the present day. As the smoke clears and the dust settles, though, you find that it is instead the late 1940s. Which of the following statements best describes the theoretical landscape in psychology at the time?
a) Behaviourism was becoming more influential, while psychoanalytic theory was waning.
b) Humanism was becoming more influential, while behaviourism and cognitive psychology were waning.
c) Humanism and behaviourism were becoming more influential, while cognitive psychology was waning.
d) Humanism and cognitive psychology were becoming more influential, while behaviourism was waning.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
163. Which twentieth-century perspective in psychology is correctly matched with its emphasis?
a) Psychoanalytic perspective -- emphasizes observable behaviour and objectivity
b) Humanistic perspective -- -- emphasizes motivation to grow and develop and gain control using free will
c) Behavioural perspective -- emphasizes how people process information
d) Cognitive psychology – emphasizes the unconscious influences on thought and behaviour
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
164.Which of the following is a key difference between psychoanalytic theory and other theories such as functionalism, structuralism and Gestalt theory?
a) Psychoanalytic theory focuses on innate behaviours whereas the other theories focus on deliberate behaviours.
b) Psychoanalytic theory focuses on deliberate behaviours whereas the other theories focus on innate behaviours.
c) Psychoanalytic theory focuses on the unconscious whereas the other theories focus on the conscious mind.
d) Psychoanalytic theory focuses on thoughts whereas the other theories focus on behaviours.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
165. The founding humanistic theorists were
a) Carl Jung and Abraham Maslow.
b) Abraham Maslow and Albert Bandura.
c) Albert Bandura and Carl Rogers.
d) Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
166. The twentieth century approaches began with the _____ perspective and was followed by the _____ perspective. Then, in reaction to the previous two, the _____ perspective emerged, to be followed by the _____ perspective and the _____ perspective.
a) psychoanalytic; cognitive; neuroscience; humanistic; behaviourist
b) psychoanalytic; behaviourist; humanistic; cognitive; neuroscience
c) cognitive; psychoanalytic; behaviourist; humanistic; neuroscience
d) behaviourist; cognitive; humanistic; neuroscience; psychoanalytic
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
167. Which twentieth-century perspective in psychology is correctly matched with its emphasis?
a) Psychoanalytic perspective -- emphasizes how people process information.
b) Humanistic perspective -- emphasizes people’s motivation to grow and develop and gain control over their destinies.
c) Behavioural perspective -- emphasizes the unconscious influences on thought and behaviour.
d) Cognitive psychology – emphasizes observable behaviour and objectivity.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
168. Alice argues that behaviourism is too focused on the objective realm and that psychoanalysis is too deterministic. Karim argues that the focus in psychology really needs to be on memory, perception, and consciousness. Which option below correctly identifies their respective perspectives?
a) Alice – psychoanalytic perspective; Karim – humanistic perspective
b) Alice – humanist perspective; Karim – cognitive perspective
c) Alice – cognitive perspective; Karim – behaviourist perspective
d) Alice – behaviourist perspective; Karim – psychoanalytic perspective
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
169. How are psychobiology and neuroscience related?
a) The terms are used interchangeably.
b) The term ‘psychobiology’ has replaced the term ‘neuroscience.’
c) The term ‘neuroscience’ has replaced the term ‘psychobiology.’
d) The terms refer to separate fields of study.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
170.Karl Lashley is best known for
a) introducing the concept of cell assemblies.
b) associating specific brain areas with cognitive function in animals.
c) pioneering the field of behavioural genetics.
d) pioneering split-brain research on animals.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
171. The concept of cell assemblies was first proposed by
a) Roger Sperry.
b) Karl Lashley.
c) Peter Milner.
d) Donald Hebb.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
172. When 2 year old Noah sees a fire engine for the first time, a network of neurons is activated in a specific order. According to Donald Hebb, what will happen in Noah’s brain with repeated exposure to fire engines?
a) The networks will be pruned, to create a more efficient response.
b) The same networks will be activated, and stronger synaptic connections will develop.
c) The same networks will be activated as every time before, with no changes.
d) Different networks will be activated with each exposure, creating a spread of activation across neural networks.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
173. Naomi is playing a game with her psychology study group in which they must pretend that they are working with a famous psychologist and then everyone else must guess who they’re working with. Naomi gives her clues to the group: His work involves splitting the two hemispheres of a brain to learn about the abilities of each half of the brain. Which researcher is Naomi pretending to work with?
a) Pavlov
b) Hebb
c) Sperry
d) Lashley
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
174. Bria is a researcher working under the premise that networks of neurons develop strengthened internal synaptic connections with repeated stimulation, eventually activating together. With which neuropsychologist’s perspective does Bria agree?
a) Donald Hebb
b) Karl Lashley
c) Roger Sperry
d) Hubel and Wiesel
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
175. Which statement below describes the relationship among evolutionary psychology, behavioural genetics, and sociobiology?
a) Behavioural genetics and sociobiology may be seen as subfields of evolutionary psychology.
b) Behavioural genetics and evolutionary psychology may be seen as subfields of sociobiology.
c) They ate distinct fields of psychology.
d) Sociobiology and evolutionary psychology may be seen as subfields of behavioural genetics.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
176. Dr. Bowen claims that inheritance exerts a strong influence on thought and behaviour. Which of the following is the most specific claim you can make with some certainty?
a) Dr. Bowen is a behavioural geneticist.
b) Dr. Bowen is an evolutionary psychologist.
c) Dr. Bowen is a sociobiologist.
d) Dr. Bowen is a neuroscientist.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
177. If Dr. Lemming is a behavioural geneticist and studies the role that genetic inheritance plays in shaping the complete range of human thoughts and behaviours, which of the following statements would also most likely be accurate?
a) Dr. Lemming conducts research on animals.
b) Dr. Lemming might conduct split-brain research.
c) Dr. Lemming believes that the body and brain are products of evolution.
d) Dr. Lemming is also interested in how social behaviour is organized.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
178. Dr. Perkins is a sociobiologist interested in teamwork and leadership in work settings. Based on your text’s discussion, which of the following statements would he probably endorse?
a) Both genetic and social influences contribute to teamwork and leadership behaviour.
b) Genetic influences on teamwork and leadership behaviour are more important than social influences on those behaviours.
c) Genetic influences on teamwork and leadership behaviour are less important than social influences on those behaviours.
d) Teamwork and leadership behaviours are based in the brain.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
179. Dr. Chou is studying why all cultures (males or females) seem to adorn themselves with
some form of facial or body art to attract potential sexual partners. Dr. Chou is likely a(n) _______________ psychologist, interested in _______________.
a) Cultural; multicultural behaviours
b) Sociobiology; cross-cultural behaviours
c) Evolutionary; cultural universality
d) Cross cultural; multicultural universality
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
180. Which of the following statements best describes the influence of evolutionary psychology in psychology’s history?
a) It has never been a strong influence in psychology.
b) Its influence has remained steady throughout psychology’s history.
c) Its influence has declined in recent years.
d) Its influence has increased in recent years.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
181. You believe that most behaviors are a product of your environment; your best friend argues that behaviors are a result of heredity. This is an example of _____.
a) the nature–nurture controversy
b) applied versus basic research
c) continuity versus discontinuity controversy
d) an objective versus subjective argument
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Summarize the major principles of the psychoanalytical, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, and neuroscience approaches to psychology.
Section Reference: Twentieth-Century Approaches
182. Gould and Lewinton argue that some traits and behaviours seen across cultures are no longer evolutionarily advantageous but may be by-products of behaviours that served adaptive functions in out evolutionary history. What is an example of such a function or process?
a) crying
b) attachment
c) smiling
d) showing aggression
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
183. Dr. Loomis is conducting research examining the brain areas involved in the identification of facial expressions. What school of thought would Dr. Loomis’s research fall under?
a) cognitive neuroscience
b) social neuroscience
c) behavioural neuroscience
d) psychobiology
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
184. How many different specialties of psychology are represented in the organizations such as Canadian Psychological Association, Canadian Society for Brain, Behaviour and Cognitive Science, and American Society for Neuroscience?
a) 10
b) 19
c) 32
d) more than 50
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
185. Levi recently graduated with his Ph.D. in the most popular area of psychology. In which area of psychology is Levi likely to have specialized?
a) school
b) social
c) clinical
d) cognitive
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
186. Which of the following describes a difference between clinical psychologists and psychiatrists?
a) Clinical psychologists provide therapy whereas psychiatrists do not.
b) Psychiatrists only work in hospitals whereas psychologists work in private mental health clinics.
c) Psychiatrists have greater training in psychological research and testing than clinical psychologists.
d) Psychiatrists prescribe medication whereas clinical psychologists are not permitted to prescribe.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
187. Existing professional organizations to which psychologists might belong include all of the following EXCEPT
a) the Society for Psychological Inquiry.
b) the Canadian Society for Brain Behaviour and Cognitive Science.
c) the American Society for Neuroscience.
d) the Canadian Psychological Association.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
188. With respect to psychology today, which of the following statements is most true?
a) A single theoretical orientation dominates present-day psychology.
b) Ultimately, a unified theory of behaviour and mental processes will emerge.
c) Multiple theoretical approaches exist in psychology because we have made little progress in understanding thought and behaviour.
d) Psychology is diverse in its theoretical orientations because the subject matter of psychology is diverse.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
189. Jill recently received her Ph. D. in psychology. All else being equal, there is a 25%-30% chance that she works in a(n)
a) hospital.
b) college or university.
c) corporation.
d) human service agency.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
190. Which of the following represents the three key branches of psychology today?
a) academic, psychotherapy, and applied
b) applied, clinical, and university
c) developmental, clinical, and academic
d) academic, clinical, and counselling, and applied
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
191. A sports psychologist applies principles of psychology to the helping athletes, including helping them to overcome anxiety or frustration, or teaching them to focus their energy more efficiently. This type of psychology would follow under which of the key branches identified in the chapter?
a) applied psychology
b) clinical and counselling psychology
c) academic psychology
d) rehabilitative psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
192. Dr. Garcia has recently accepted a position that requires her to teach psychology, and conduct research. In which of the key branches of psychology is Dr. Garcia going to be working?
a) academic
b) clinical and counselling
c) general
d) university
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
193. The purpose of applied research is
a) to solve practical problems.
b) to conduct research and teach others.
c) to help individuals cope more effectively.
d) to understand other cultures.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
194. Which of the following is an example of applied psychology?
a) Bailey, who counsels women who have escaped abusive relationships.
b) Kayden, who teaches neuroscience at a large university.
c) Trinity, who conducts research on child development.
d) Sawyer, who travels with a national hockey team to help players deal with anxiety and teaches them to stay focused on the game.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
195. Simon, is a psychologist who works for a large insurance company. One of his key responsibilities is to find ways to motivate the employees to work hard and reduce the number of sick days they take each year. In which of the key branches of psychology does Simon work?
a) academic
b) general
c) clinical/counselling
d) applied
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
196. Christine is a psychologist who works for a large production company. She spends most of her time developing ways to motivate the company’s employees to work hard and produce a quality product. In which of the key areas of psychology does Christine work?
a) academic
b) clinical and counselling
c) applied
d) general
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
197. Which of the following statements regarding the three branches of psychology is true?
a) Psychologists from all three branches share an interest in mental processes and behaviour.
b) Psychologists from all three branches share an emphasis on the psychology of individuals, the discovery of general principles, and how to apply psychological knowledge to groups.
c) Psychologists from all three branches focus on ways to overcome abnormal functioning more effectively.
d) Psychologists from all three branches are involved in research and instruction.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
198. A _____ is awarded by graduate programs in psychology greater emphasis on psychotherapy and testing and less emphasis on research.
a) Psy.D.
b) D.S.W.
c) M.D.
d) Ph.D.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
199. While seeking professional help, Jordan noticed that some mental health professionals were listed with M.D following their names, while others were listed with Ph.D. following their names. Which group of professionals are listed as M.D.s?
a) clinical psychologists
b) counselling: psychologists
c) psychiatrists
d) psychiatric social workers
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
200. Which of the following mental health practitioners is correctly matched with a title?
a) Felix, who holds a Ph. D. degree – academic
b) Fumiko who has an M. D. degree – clinical psychologist
c) Zia, who graduated with a Psy. D. degree – research psychologist
d) Petar, who received an M.S.W. degree – psychiatrist
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
201. A psychologist using a _____ focuses mainly on ways in which psychology can help people address personal issues and cope with their life stresses.
a) primary process
b) healthy-personality approach
c) organic approach
d) clinical approach
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
202. Which of the following statements is true regarding the difference between the Ph.D. and the Psy.D. degrees?
a) The Psy.D. is awarded in counselling psychology but not in clinical psychology.
b) The Ph.D. emphasizes original research and the Psy.D. does not.
c) Only social workers may hold the Psy.D. degree.
d) The Psy.D. is a medical degree, and the Ph.D. is not.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
203. Psychologist s to psychiatrist as _____ is to _____.
a) Psy.D.; M.D.
b) M.D.; Ph.D.
c) Ph.D.; Psy.D.
d) Ph. D.; M. D.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
204. Which of the following sequences best reflects the relative emphasis on research and testing in graduate training programs for each of these degrees?
a) Ph.D. 🡪 M.D. 🡪 Psy.D
b) M.D. 🡪 Psy.D. 🡪 Ph.D
c) Psy.D 🡪 Ph.D. – M.D.
d) Ph.D. 🡪 Psy.D 🡪 M.D.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
205. Which type(s) of mental health practitioners can prescribe drugs?
a) psychiatrists and, in Canada, psychologists
b) psychiatrists only
c) psychiatrists and, in a few US states, psychologists
d) psychologists and, in a few US states, psychiatrists
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
206. Jane is a psychologist who works with an agency that helps adolescents with substance abuse problems. In which key branch of psychology does Jane work?
a) applied
b) general
c) clinical and counselling
d) social
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
207. Olivia has increasingly serious mood swings and at, twenty-four, has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder Which type of mental health practitioner should Olivia see?
a) a religious leader at her place of worship
b) clinical psychologist
c) psychiatrist
d) counsellor
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
208. Dr. Berndt treats many persons with depression. He believes that depression is influenced by a number of factors including personality characteristics, neurochemicals, and family interactions. Which of the shared values in psychology does this example reflect?
a) Psychology is theory-driven.
b) Psychology is empirical.
c) Psychology is multi-level.
d) Psychology is universal.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
209. Neuroscientists believe that depression is caused in part by ineffective use of a neurochemical in the brain called serotonin. Which shared value of psychology does this describe?
a) Psychology is theory-driven.
b) Psychology is empirical.
c) Psychology is multi-level.
d) Psychology is contextual.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
210. Although the PET scan used to be a popular brain imaging technique, the fMRI provides much more detailed information about activity in the brain during cognitive tasks. Which shared value of psychology does this describe?
a) Psychology is theory-driven.
b) Psychology is multi-level.
c) Psychology is universal.
d) Psychology is contextual.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
211. Development psychology has intersected with other areas of the field such as language, personality, emotions, and the structure of the brain. Which shared value in psychology does this highlight?
a) Psychology is empirical.
b) Psychology is multi-level.
c) Psychology is universal.
d) Psychology is contextual.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
212. Although structuralism and functionalism are no longer recognized as valid perspectives today, they were valuable in their time and served the greater purpose of advancing a research agenda so that modern perspectives could evolve into what they are today. Eventually, the perspectives we have now may, in turn, give way, to something better. This idea of perspectives serving as evolutionary building blocks to a larger research design is encompassed by one of the shared values in psychology. Which value is it?
a) Psychology is theory-driven.
b) Psychology is empirical.
c) Psychology is multi-level.
d) Psychology is contextual.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
213. Which of the following shared values in psychology is correctly described?
a) a commitment to theory-driven work – psychology includes intelligent speculation among its methods
b) an endorsement of empirical research – psychological theory is shaped by social and technological forces
c) an acceptance of multilevel analyses – the brain, the individual, and the group must all be considered in psychological work
d) a recognition of the importance of context – psychologists value ideas with strong research support
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
214. Dr. Morin believes that psychology should focus investigation solely on the role of social interaction. Dr. Lee argues that psychology should develop its explanations of thought and behaviour in isolation from social and technological forces, which change rapidly and unpredictably. Which psychological values do Drs. Morin and Napolitano seem NOT to share?
a) Dr. Morin does not share a commitment to theory-driven work, while Dr. Lee does not endorse empirical research.
b) Dr. Morin does not endorse empirical research, while Dr. Lee does not share a commitment to theory-driven work.
c) Dr. Morin does not recognize the importance of context, while Dr. Lee does not accept multilevel analyses.
d) Dr. Morin does not accept multilevel analyses, while Dr. Lee does not recognize the importance of context.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
215. As historically viewed, Canada is to _________________ as China is to _______________.
a) individualistic; individualistic
b) individualistic; collectivist
c) collectivist; individualistic
d) collectivist; collectivist
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
216. Hong has turned down a scholarship to a distant university and entered a local school so that he can stay and help his family. Tristan is moving across the country to look for work because he wants to assert his independence. Which of the following is most likely to be true?
a) Tristan’s family have more money than Hong.
b) Tristan would experience higher levels of happiness than Hong.
c) Hong is from a collectivist culture; Tristan is from an individualistic culture.
d) Hong is originally from a Western country; Tristan is originally from an Eastern country.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
217. Your text describes research examining the prevalence of positive emotions, such as happiness, in different parts of the United States. Based on your text’s discussion of this work, which of the following might you conclude?
a) Positive emotions are equally prevalent in the different regions of the United States.
b) Positive emotions are more prevalent in the South than in other regions of the United States.
c) The culture of the South is more individualistic than is the culture in the rest of the United States.
d) The culture of the South is more collectivist than is the culture in the rest of the United States.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
218. Which areas of psychology have experienced an increase in focus because of the development of imaging tools and computer technology?
a) positive psychology and behavioural genetics
b) behavioural genetics and cognitive neuroscience
c) cognitive neuroscience and social neuroscience
d) behavioural genetics and social neuroscience
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
219. Dr. LaPointe examines changes in participants’ brain activity as they view complex sequences of words in their native language. Dr. Bondoc examines changes in brain activity when participants view scenes designed to arouse sympathy or disgust. Dr. LaPoint is best described as a(n) ___ neuroscientist. Dr. Bondoc would probably be described as a(n) ___ neuroscientist.
a) cognitive; cognitive
b) cognitive; social
c) cognitive; experimental
d) experimental; social
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
220. Currently, women comprise about ___% of psychologists. Minority group members are awarded approximately ___% of the new Ph. Ds in psychology.
a) 50; 15
b) 70; 15
c) 70; 25
d) 50; 25
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
221. Which of the following women psychologists is correctly matched with her area of study?
a) Brenda Milner – the role of the hippocampus in memory
b) Leta Hollingsworth – mother-infant attachment
c) Magda Arnold – gender differences in mental functioning
d) Mary Whilton Calkins – history of Canadian psychology
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
222. What do Calkins, Prosser, and Washburn have in common?
a) They were all early functionalists.
b) These men were all opposed to allowing women to receive higher education.
c) They are all women who made significant contributions to the women's rights movement and to psychology.
d) They are all women who made significant contributions to psychoanalytic theory.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
223. Each of the following is true EXCEPT ______.
a) psychology has more women earning graduate degrees than does any other science.
b) 16% of Ph.D. graduates are members of minority groups
c) men represent 74% of those in clinical psychology
d) research has increasingly focused on areas related to diversity among populations being assessed and treated.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
224. At present, the neuroscience approach appears to be dominating research in psychology. Which of psychology’s shared values is most likely to ensure that neuroscience does not continue to dominate?
a) a commitment to theory-driven work
b) an endorsement of empirical research
c) an acceptance of multilevel analyses
d) a recognition of the importance of context
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
225. Which of the following alternative best expresses the relationship between developmental psychology and psychology’s other subfields?
a) Developmental psychology is distinct subfield, operating in isolation from most other fields of psychology.
b) Developmental psychology has converged with neuroscience and social psychology in recent years.
c) With the advent of new technologies, developmental psychology has largely disappeared as a distinct subfield of psychology.
d) Developmental psychology is an integrative subfield, interacting with many other fields of psychology.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
226. Functionalism and humanist psychology influenced a recent move in the area of ______________.
a) Social neuroscience
b) Cognitive neuroscience
c) Positive psychology
d) Developmental psychology
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
227. Positive psychology was founded due to concerns that
a) behaviourists were overly focused on controlling behaviour.
b) psychology was overly focused on psychopathology, and psychological damage.
c) psychology was overly focused on unconscious urges.
d) humanistic psychologists were using animals to study human behaviour.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
228. Harriet has been seeing a psychologist who is helping her focus on increasing her positive emotions. Harriet is most likely receiving _______________.
a) Cognitive therapy
b) Positive psychotherapy
c) Client-centered therapy
d) Social therapy
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
229. For which of the following has Positive psychotherapy been found to be of particular help?
a) Erik who suffers from an anxiety disorder.
b) Geri who has had a schizophrenic break.
c) Natalie who requires career counselling.
d) Deter who is seeking to return to happiness after returning from a peacekeeping mission.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
230.Which of the following questions have not changed across the history of psychology?
a) What factors influence psychological disorders?
b) How does the mind operate and whether there are universal laws that govern mental processes and behaviours?
c) Can a psychological theory ever be proven?
d) What characteristics do people who self-actualize possess?
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Synthesis
Learning Objective: Describe the three major branches of psychology and summarize key trends in psychology.
Section Reference: Psychology Today
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