Treatment Of Psychological Disorders Chapter 16 Test Bank - Test Bank | Psychology Around Us 4e by Nancy Ogden. DOCX document preview.
CHAPTER 16
TREATMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS
CHAPTER LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize different types of treatment.
- More than 20 million North Americans receive therapy for psychological problems in the course of a year. Almost half suffer from anxiety and depression.
- Therapy was once primarily a privilege of the wealthy, but today people at all socio-economic levels receive treatment. Similarly, while women once outnumbered men in therapy by four to one, men today are more willing to enter therapy.
- People may enter therapy on their own or may be forced into treatment. Many never seek treatment at all.
- A variety of professionals conduct therapy, including psychologists, psychiatrists, counsellors, and psychiatric social workers.
- Most clients are treated in the community as out-patients, but some people with severe problems are treated as inpatients in private or public institutions.
- All forms of therapy have three essential features: a sufferer who seeks relief, a trained healer, and a series of contacts between the two in which the healer tries to bring about changes in the sufferer’s emotional state, attitudes, and behaviour.
2. Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
- Drug therapy, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and psychosurgery are the three major categories of biological treatments.
- Psychotropic drugs, including antianxiety, antidepressant, antibipolar, and antipsychotic drugs, have brought relief to many, but they do not work for everyone and may have undesired side effects.
- Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), used primarily to treat depression, is administered less often today than in the past. Two more recently developed brain stimulation treatments, vagus nerve stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation, have less wide-ranging and traumatic side effects than ECT.
- Psychosurgery today is much more precise than the lobotomies of the past, in which the connections between the frontal lobe and the lower brain centres were severed.
- Biological treatments for psychological disorders, particularly drug treatments, are highly regarded today. However, more often than not, biological interventions alone are not enough.
3. Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
- Psychodynamic therapies range from classical Freudian psychoanalysis to modern therapies. All share the goals of helping clients to uncover past traumatic events and the inner conflicts that have resulted from them, and to resolve those conflicts.
- Psychodynamic therapy techniques include free association; therapist interpretation of resistance, transference, and dreams; catharsis; and repeatedly working through issues.
- Recent developments in psychodynamic therapy include short-term psychodynamic therapy and relational psychoanalytic therapy.
- The psychodynamic approach has had a lasting influence on the conduct of treatment and was the first to offer an alternative to biological explanations of abnormal functioning. But the effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy is not well supported by research.
4. Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
- Behavioural treatments, aimed at replacing abnormal behaviours with more functional ones, are based on learning processes. Behavioural techniques fall into three categories: classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and modelling.
- Systematic desensitization and aversion therapy rely on classical conditioning. Systematic desensitization is especially effective in treating phobias, while aversion therapy has been used to treat people who want to eliminate problem behaviours, such as drinking.
- Token economies follow the principles of operant conditioning and use rewards to encourage desired behaviours.
- Social skills training uses modelling to help clients acquire desired social behaviours.
- Research suggests that behavioural therapies are often effective. They do not always bring lasting change outside therapy, however, and do not appear particularly effective with disorders that are broad or vaguely defined.
5. Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
- Cognitive-behavioural therapists try to help people recognize and change their faulty thinking processes. Most such therapies use some behavioural techniques. Three influential cognitive-behavioural approaches are those of Albert Ellis, Aaron Beck, and the “second-wave” cognitive-behavioural therapists.
- Ellis’s rational-emotive behavioural therapy focuses on helping clients to identify their maladaptive assumptions, test them, and change them.
- Beck’s cognitive therapy guides clients to challenge their maladaptive attitudes, automatic thoughts, and illogical thinking. Research supports the effectiveness of cognitive therapy for depression and certain other disorders.
- Second-wave cognitive-behavioural therapies help clients to accept their problem behaviours rather than judge them, act on them, or try fruitlessly to change them.
- The cognitive view is quite popular today, and research suggests that cognitive treatment is often effective. It is still not clear, however, whether psychological disorders create or result from maladaptive thoughts.
6. Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
- Humanistic and existential therapists try to help clients look at themselves and their situations more accurately and acceptingly.
- Therapists practising Carl Rogers’ client-centred therapy try to provide unconditional positive regard, accurate empathy, and genuineness, so that clients come to value their own emotions, thoughts, and behaviours.
- Gestalt therapists use skillful frustration, role playing, and rules to help clients recognize and accept their needs and goals.
- Existentialist therapies focus on helping clients discover their personal freedom of choice and take responsibility for making choices.
- Only recently have humanistic and existential therapies begun to undergo systematic research. Early research suggests they can be beneficial for some clients.
7. Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
- Individual therapy, in which practitioners meet with one client at a time, is the oldest of the modern therapy formats.
- In group therapy, several clients with similar problems meet with a single therapist at the same time. Self-help groups are similar, but conducted without the leadership of a therapist. Both types of groups can be helpful for certain clients.
- Family therapy treats all members of a family, together or individually, and therapists usually consider the family as a system.
- Two people in a long-term relationship can seek couple therapy to help address issues in their relationship.
- Community mental health treatment focuses on preventing abnormal functioning through (1) primary prevention—policies that reduce psychological risk in a community; (2) secondary prevention—treating minor problems before they become serious; and (3) tertiary prevention—providing prompt treatment for moderate and severe disorders so they do not become long-term problems.
8. Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy.
- In general, receiving therapy is more likely to help people with psychological disorders than going without treatment. Research has found that each of the major forms of therapy is of some help to clients, although research also indicates that particular therapies are often best suited for certain disorders.
- Successful therapists often share similar effective elements in their approaches, regardless of their particular orientations. They provide feedback, help clients focus on their own thoughts and behaviour, pay careful attention to the way they interact with clients, and try to build a sense of self-mastery in their clients.
- Women and members of ethnic minority groups face pressures that sometimes contribute to psychological dysfunctioning. Culture-sensitive and gender-sensitive therapy approaches help clients become aware of and react adaptively to the gender-related and cultural pressures and issues they face.
- The empirically supported or evidence-based treatment movement seeks to identify which therapies have received clear research support for particular disorders, to propose corresponding treatment guidelines, and to spread such information to clinicians.
TRUE-FALSE STATEMENTS
1. The number and variety of problems for which treatments are available have increased during the past 110 years.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize different types of treatment.
Section Reference: Treatment in Today’s World
2. More than two-thirds of today’s therapy patients are male.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize different types of treatment.
Section Reference: Treatment in Today’s World
3. People at all socio-economic levels now receive both outpatient and inpatient therapy.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize different types of treatment.
Section Reference: Treatment in Today’s World
4. Clients who have severe psychological disorders such as schizophrenia are more likely to work with a psychologist than psychiatrist.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize different types of treatment.
Section Reference: Treatment in Today’s World
5. Most people are treated for psychological disorders on an inpatient basis.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize different types of treatment.
Section Reference: Treatment in Today’s World
6. Hospitalization for people with psychological disorders today usually lasts weeks instead of months or years.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize different types of treatment.
Section Reference: Treatment in Today’s World
7. Antidepressant drugs stimulate the production of synapses in the hippocampus.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
8. Most patients who take selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors SSRIs report relief of their depressive symptoms almost immediately after the first day of use.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
9. Lobotomies are used frequently by modern therapists to treat mental disorders.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
10. Just as negative experiences can interact with brain activity to produce abnormal functioning; positive experiences can interact with the brain to make our functioning more normal.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
11. In psychodynamic therapies, the therapist is responsible for starting and leading each discussion.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
12. Only a few research studies have found psychodynamic therapies to be more effective than no treatment or placebo treatments.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
13. Research has repeatedly found that systematic desensitization and other classical conditioning techniques reduce phobic reactions more effectively than placebo treatments or no treatment at all.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
14. The effects of aversion therapy are typically short-lived.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
15. Dysfunctional individuals may be able to overcome their difficulties by modifying their faulty thought processes.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
16. According to Beck, many of the thought processes of depressed individuals are logical.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
17. In rational-emotive therapy, therapists confront clients’ irrational assumptions in a blunt and humorous manner.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
18. Around one-third of depressed people who are treated with Beck’s cognitive approach improve.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
19. Skillful frustration includes refusing to meet a client’s expectations or demands.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
20. Although some studies report improvements among people who receive client-centred therapy, most controlled research finds it to be of limited effectiveness.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
21. Gestalt therapists believe that subjective experiences and self-awareness can be measured objectively in controlled laboratory studies.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
22. Couples involved in marital therapy must be married or at least living together.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
23. According to research, people treated in couple therapy show greater improvements in their relationships than people who fail to receive such treatment.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
24. Group therapy is often less helpful than individual therapy.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
25. Research suggests that psychodynamic therapies seem to be the most effective of all treatments for specific phobias.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy.
Section Reference: Does Therapy Work?
26. Results of studies that compare the various forms of therapies to one another have shown that no one form of therapy generally stands out over all others.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy.
Section Reference: Does Therapy Work?
27. Studies conducted in countries across the world have found that members of ethnic and racial minority groups typically show less improvement in clinical treatment, make less use of mental health services, and stop therapy sooner than members of majority groups.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy.
Section Reference: Does Therapy Work?
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
28. A type of therapy that uses communication and interaction to overcome a client’s psychological difficulties is called
a) biological therapy.
b) physiological therapy.
c) physical therapy.
d) psychotherapy.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize different types of treatment.
Section Reference: Treatment in Today’s World
29. Kiefer is seeking treatment. His friend tells him that the ideal type of therapy for Keifer would be to it down with a therapist and talk out his issues. What kind of treatment is this called?
a) physiological therapy
b) biological therapy
c) psychotherapy
d) psychopharmacology
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize different types of treatment.
Section Reference: Treatment in Today’s World
30. Jian has been diagnosed with depression. He would receive the MOST effective treatment through
a) electronic therapy.
b) individual therapy.
c) modeling therapy.
d) self-help therapy.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize different types of treatment.
Section Reference: Treatment in Today’s World
30. Which of the following is NOT one of the features of all therapies, according to Jerome Frank?
a) a warm, supportive environment to foster healing
b) a sufferer who seeks relief from a healer
c) a trained, socially accepted healer
d) a series of contacts between the healer and sufferer to produce change.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize different types of treatment.
Section Reference: Treatment in Today’s World
31. Sotiria has had a number of distressing symptoms including an inability to sleep, a sense of profound hopelessness, a loss of pleasure in previous activities she once enjoyed, and lethargy. She is hoping to get therapy to help her with these symptoms. In this scenario Jerome Franks would say that Sotiria is the ___.
a) client
b) healer
c) sufferer
d) patient
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize different types of treatment.
Section Reference: Treatment in Today’s World
32. Pierre believes that he is the most important person in his country; in fact, he knows this is true as he hears voices everyday assuring him of his superiority. At times, even animals stop to speak to him. He carries on long rambling, disconnected conversations with people and animals and, frequently, trees and bushes. Jacinda, a psychiatrist, is treating Pierre using a biological therapy. In this scenario Jerome Frank would say that Pierre is the __________________. Jacinda is the _______________ and the biological therapy is the _________________.
a) patient; physician; treatment
b) client; therapist; psychotherapy
c) sufferer; healer; series of contacts
d) patient; healer; therapy
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize different types of treatment.
Section Reference: Treatment in Today’s World
33. Approximately how many people (children, adolescents, and adults) in North America receive therapy for psychological problems over the course of a year?
a) 2 million
b) 5 million
c) 10 million
d) 20 million
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize different types of treatment.
Section Reference: Treatment in Today’s World
34. Ashton is playing a trivia game with his psychology study group. In this game, his team needs to identify the ‘false’ fact among a set of facts about treatment for mental illness. Which of the following facts should Ashton choose?
a) One in five Canadians will experience a mental illness in their lifetime.
b) Diagnoses of depression or anxiety constitute 75% of the diagnoses of mental illness.
c) Two-thirds of today’s therapy patients are female.
d) Most patients in therapy are treated as out-patients.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize different types of treatment.
Section Reference: Treatment in Today’s World
35. Mental illness is more prevalent than most suspect, with _____ suffering a mental illness in their lifetime.?
a) 1 in 2
b) 1 in 3
c) 1 in 4
d) 1 in 5
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize different types of treatment.
Section Reference: Treatment in Today’s World
36. What percentage of Canadians will experience a mental illness in their lifetime?
a) 20%
b) 25%
c) 30%
d) 40%
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize different types of treatment.
Section Reference: Treatment in Today’s World
37. What two disorders make up more than 75% of all the diagnoses in Canada for a mental disorder?
a) anxiety and depression
b) schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
c) obsessive-compulsive disorder and borderline personality disorder
d) panic attacks and hallucinations
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize different types of treatment.
Section Reference: Treatment in Today’s World
38. Which of the following are most common among Canadians diagnosed with a mental illness each year?
a) substance-related disorders
b) depression and anxiety disorders
c) “problems in living”
d) schizophrenia
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize different types of treatment.
Section Reference: Treatment in Today’s World
39. Which of the following is NOT a changing trend in the characteristics of clients who seek therapy?
a) People at all socio-economic levels receive outpatient and inpatient therapy.
b) More members of ethnic minority groups are seeking treatment for psychological problems.
c) Men are more willing to seek treatment for psychological problems than before.
d) These are all changes in clients who seek therapy.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize different types of treatment.
Section Reference: Treatment in Today’s World
40. What is the main reason that people who need help with a mental illness do not seek treatment?
a) There is no treatment available for mental illness.
b) The stigma associated with mental illness.
c) It is too expensive.
d) It takes too long.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize different types of treatment.
Section Reference: Treatment in Today’s World
41. Which of the following is NOT evidence of on-going stigma surrounding seeking treatment for mental illness in Canada?
a) Many people wait more than two years after becoming aware they have a problem to seek treatment.
b) At least half of Canadians with psychological disorders never seek treatment.
c) Most people who seek treatment are concerned about their family and friends knowing about it.
d) All are all evidence of on-going stigma.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize different types of treatment.
Section Reference: Treatment in Today’s World
42. What is a reason that many people who need treatment for a mental illness do not get it, or wait on average 2 years to seek it?
a) Treatment does not work.
b) Treatment is too expensive.
c) The stigma associated with having a mental illness.
d) Treatment takes too long.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize different types of treatment.
Section Reference: Treatment in Today’s World
43. What proportion of people treated in hospital for a mental illness are readmitted within a year?
a) 1/2
b) 1/3
c) 1/4
d) 1/10
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize different types of treatment.
Section Reference: Treatment in Today’s World
44. What is the most typical therapy patient today?
a) a man suffering from schizophrenia
b) a man suffering from depression
c) a woman suffering from bipolar disorder
d) a woman suffering from anxiety
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize different types of treatment.
Section Reference: Treatment in Today’s World
45. Which of the following individuals is most likely to seek treatment?
a) Li Wei, who has been struggling with depression for a year
b) Benjamin, who has struggled with anxiety for over 2 years now
c) Zoe, who has just learned that she has a mental illness
d) Lilly, who has been struggling with illness anxiety disorder for over two years
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize different types of treatment.
Section Reference: Treatment in Today’s World
46 Alex has been severely depressed lately, and he is NOT sure he can handle it on his own. He thinks that he needs medication because he is frightened that he will hurt himself. What type of mental health professional should Alex make an appointment with?
a) a psychiatrist
b) a clinical psychologist
c) a counseling psychologist
d) a psychiatric social worker
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize different types of treatment.
Section Reference: Treatment in Today’s World
47. Jovana has schizophrenia. Which professional would be most likely to treat her?
a) a psychologist at an inpatient clinic
b) a psychologist at an outpatient clinic
c) a social worker at a psychiatric hospital
d) a psychiatrist
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize different types of treatment.
Section Reference: Treatment in Today’s World
48. Which of the following is a problem that has been identified around the issue of deinstitutionalization?
a) Longer hospital stays have been found to decrease chances for recovery.
b) The community treatment facilities cannot handle the excess number of patients this creates.
c) These patients would rather be homeless than stay in the hospital.
d) Most hospital patients are recovered in a matter of days, not weeks.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize different types of treatment.
Section Reference: Treatment in Today’s World
49. Among other therapies, biological therapies include psychopharmacology, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and
a) psychiatric conditioning.
b) psychosurgery.
c) behavioural health modeling.
d) psychosomatic therapy.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
50. ________ is/are defined as the use of physiological interventions to reduce or alleviate symptoms of psychological disorders.
a) Psychopharmacology
b) Behavioural therapy
c) Biological treatments
d) Psychosurgery
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
51. Psychiatrists are more likely than other therapists to use which of the following approaches to treating psychological disorders?
a) humanistic approach
b) biological approach
c) behavioural approach
d) cognitive approach
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
52. Which of the following is the BEST response for why psychosurgery is typically considered a last resort in patient treatment?
a) Any consequence of the treatment is usually irreversible.
b) It is unethical to change another person’s behavior.
c) The process is inhumane as it typically causes memory loss.
d) There is not enough research on proper surgical techniques.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
53. Which of the following therapy techniques is based on the biological approach to treating psychological disorders?
a) psychosurgery
b) electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
c) drug therapy
d) all the above
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
54. Which of the following is NOT one of the three principal types of biological treatments?
a) drug therapy
b) cognitive restructuring
c) psychosurgery
d) electroconvulsive therapy
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
55. Drugs that act primarily on the brain and significantly reduce the symptoms of psychological disorders are called
a) antidepressants.
b) antipsychotics.
c) psychotropics.
d) psychopharmacological.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
56. Which of the following would be considered a psychotropic drug?
a) birth control pill, Estostep Fe (Ethinyl estradiol, Norethindrone acetate)
b) the antidepressant drug Prozac (fluoxetine)
c) beta blocker, atenolol (Tenormin)
d) acne treatment, Accutane (isotretinoin)
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
57. Antipsychotic drugs are particularly effective in dealing with
a) the symptoms of hopeless and apathy in major depressive disorder.
b) the symptoms of anhedonia, weight gain, and insomnia associated with major depressive disorder.
c) the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
d) the positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
58. The atypical antipsychotics are superior to classic antipsychotic drugs in that they
a) have no side effects.
b) alleviate negative symptoms as well as positive symptoms.
c) entirely eliminate the symptoms of schizophrenia in the majority of patients.
d) are older and better tested.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
59. Elodie is seeking treatment, and reports that sometimes she hears a voice telling her to clean her house. She also says that she believes that there are hidden cameras throughout her house that are recording the level of germs in her house, and that something bad will happen to her baby if the germ level gets too high. What type of treatment will most likely be used on Elodie?
a) mood stabilizing drugs
b) ECT
c) antipsychotic drugs
d) lobotomy
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
60. Zhu has been prescribed a medication to reduce the hallucinations, delusions, and confusion she experiences with her schizophrenia. Zhu has probably been prescribed a/an ___ drug.
a) antidepressant
b) antipsychotic
c) mood stabilizer
d) antianxiety
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
61. Ryan has been prescribed an antipsychotic drug. Which of the following symptoms would he have MOST likely been experiencing, leading to this treatment?
a) Fear that a transmitter has been implanted in his brain and is sending him threatening messages.
b) Fatigue, uncontrollable crying, and a loss of interest in formerly pleasurable activities.
c) Long periods of depression broken up by shorter periods of euphoria and excess energy.
d) Seemingly unprovoked feelings of panic causing chest pain and hyperventilation.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
62. Dr. Whitman is treating a patient with schizophrenia and is considering prescribing an antipsychotic. Dr. Whitman needs to consider
a) whether his patient is a man or a woman; antipsychotics are less effective for women
b) the common side effects of antipsychotic drugs, such as weight gain, delusions, and increased hallucinations
c) the ratio of positive to negative symptoms his patient demonstrates, as antipsychotic medications are much less effective for treating negative symptoms
d) the comorbidity of bipolar disorder and the history of reactions to antipsychotics in this group of patients
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
63. Chlorpromazine and clozapine are types of ___ drugs.
a) antipsychotic
b) antidepressant
c) antianxiety
d) mood stabilizers
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
64. Luis has been taking chlorpromazine but has developed side effects severe shaking, contractions of the face and body, restlessness, muscle rigidity, and tremors. What alternative might his psychiatrist recommend?
a) psychotherapy
b) electroconvulsive therapy
c) atypical antipsychotics
d) vagus nerve stimulation
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
65. Classic antipsychotics are to _____ as atypical antipsychotics are to _____.
a) tardive dyskinesia; Parkinson’s disease
b) Parkinson’s disease; tardive dyskinesia
c) low white blood cell count; Parkinson’s disease
d) tardive dyskinesia; diabetes and obesity
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
66. Tardive dyskinesia is to _____ as diabetes and obesity are to _____.
a) classic antipsychotics; atypical antipsychotics
b) serotonin-based drugs; dopamine-based drugs
c) negative symptoms; positive symptoms
d) late diagnosis; early diagnosis
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
67. One serious side effect of antipsychotic drugs is that they can cause a severe disorder called tardive dyskinesia. What are the symptoms of this disorder?
a) brain tumours and CNS cancers
b) involuntary tic-like symptoms of the face, trunk, and extremities
c) lack of impulse control resulting in outbursts of anger and frustration
d) difficulty with the physical production of speech or swallowing
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
68. Involuntary tic-like symptoms of the face, trunk and extremities is a disorder caused by antipsychotic medications. This disorder is called
a) tardive dyskinesia.
b) Sydenham’s chorea.
c) Wilson’s disease.
d) chorea gravidarum.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
69. Jeremy was recently diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Which of the following medications might he be prescribed?
a) antidepressant
b) antipsychotic
c) mood stabilizer
d) antianxiety
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
70. Andrea was recently diagnosed with schizophrenia. Which of the following medications might she be prescribed?
a) antidepressant
b) antipsychotic
c) mood stabilizer
d) antianxiety
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
71. Olivia is taking a mood stabilizer. Olivia has most likely being treated for
a) depression.
b) anxiety.
c) bipolar disorder.
d) schizophrenia.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
72. Which of the following is an antidepressant?
a) Lithium
b) Fluoxetine
c) Benzodiazepine
d) Clozaril
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
73. The most commonly prescribed class of antidepressant drugs are ________________.
a) tricyclics
b) MAOI inhibitors
c) SSRIs
d) atypical antidepressants
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
74. A patient is likely to be prescribed an SNRI antidepressant when
a) the patient's symptoms are more typical of bipolar disorder than depression.
b) both psychosurgery and electroshock therapy have failed.
c) the cause of the depression is unrelated to chemical imbalance.
d) the patient fails to respond to other antidepressants.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
75. A patient has suffered from depression for years. Sometimes it is mild and other times it is so severe that she cannot get out of bed in the morning. This inability to function has caused her to lose her job on more than one occasion. She has tried Prozac, but it had no effect on the depression and involved unpleasant side effects. Since then, she has been going to her humanistic therapist but has sought no other treatment. Which of these treatments would be the most reasonable for her to try next?
a) a mood stabilizer drug
b) an SNRI
c) deep brain stimulation
d) an antianxiety drug
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
76. ________ drugs work by increasing the availability of serotonin or norepinephrine in order to elevate mood.
a) Antipsychotic
b) Anti anxiety
c) Antidepressant
d) Mood stabilizer
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
77. By keeping excess serotonin from being pumped back into the sending neuron, serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
a) make more serotonin available to the receptor neuron.
b) signal to the sending neuron to stop releasing serotonin.
c) prevent the synapse from absorbing serotonin.
d) cause more serotonin to be produced.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
78. Bonnie has been experiencing significant disruptions in her day-to-day life. She is experiencing difficulty going to sleep and remembering to eat, as she rarely feels hungry. Additionally, her friends complain that she is more easily frustrated and critical of others. Which of the following would likely be MOST effective in helping Bonnie resume her normal life activities, and why?
a) SSRI would be most effective because it will restore a normal balance of serotonin.
b) A neuroleptic would be most effective because Bonnie is suffering from excess dopamine.
c) An anxiolytic would be most effective because Bonnie is suffering from heightened sympathetic activity.
d) TMS would be most effective because Bonnie’s symptoms are too severe for psychopharmacological treatment.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
79. After undergoing extensive neurotransmitter analysis, Kent discovers that his brain’s neural transmission of serotonin is disrupted. When serotonin is released from a neuron, instead of being absorbed by the receiving neuron, it is instead reabsorbed by the sending neuron. What is the BEST way to solve this problem?
a) Taking a medication that prevents the sending neuron from reabsorbing the serotonin, thereby increasing the neurotransmitter’s availability in the brain.
b) Taking a medication that stimulates production of serotonin, thereby increasing the neurotransmitter’s availability in the brain.
c) Taking a medication that reduces production of serotonin, thereby decreasing the neurotransmitter’s availability in the brain.
d) Taking a medication that accelerates the process of the sending neuron reabsorbing the serotonin, thereby decreasing the neurotransmitter’s availability in the brain.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
80. Ava has recently been in two car accidents, both of which were her fault. Upon further investigation, officers found that Ava suffered from drowsiness and delayed reaction time, which they attributed to medication she was taking. Because Ava is being treated for anxiety and depression, which of the following should Ava’s doctor consider?
a) Ava’s doctor should consider changing her medication from an antianxiety drug to an antidepressant drug.
b) Ava’s doctor should consider changing her medication from a antipsychotic drug to a mood-stabilizing drug.
c) Ava’s doctor should consider changing her medication from an antidepressant drug to an antianxiety drug.
d) Ava’s doctor should consider changing her medication from an antianxiety to an antipsychotic drug.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
81. Which of the following is NOT an antidepressant?
a) Elavil
b) Norpramin
c) Paxil
d) Valium
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
82. Which drug category includes tricyclics, MAOIs, SSRIs, and SNRIs?
a) mood stabilizers
b) antidepressants
c) antianxiety drugs
d) antipsychotic drugs
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
83. How are SSRIs different from SNRIs?
a) SNRIs increase levels of serotonin and norepinephrine available in the brain, whereas SSRIs only increase levels of serotonin in the brain.
b) SSRIs increase levels of serotonin and norepinephrine available in the brain, whereas SNRIs only increase levels of serotonin in the brain.
c) SNRIs decrease levels of serotonin and norepinephrine available in the brain, whereas SSRIs only decrease levels of serotonin in the brain.
d) SSRIs decrease levels of serotonin and norepinephrine available in the brain, whereas SNRIs only decrease levels of serotonin in the brain.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
84. Which of the following best describes the difference between MAOI’s, tricyclics, and SSRI’s?
a) They are used to treat different disorders.
b) They all treat anxiety disorders, but act on different neurotransmitters.
c) They all treat depression, but act on different neurotransmitters.
d) Whereas the side effects of MAOI’s and tricyclics are mild, SSRI’s have many serious side effects including risk of suicide.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
85. The primary action of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is to ___ of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain.
a) decrease the availability
b) increase the availability
c) stop the production
d) simulate a synthetic substance that mimics the effects
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
86. SSRIs help with depression in a multitude of ways. Which of the following is NOT one of these ways?
a) restores activity in the prefrontal cortex
b) increases the production of dopamine
c) blocks the reuptake of serotonin
d) stimulates the production of synapses in the hippocampus
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
87. Ryan is 16 years old and has begun taking an SSRI for depression. His doctor wants to keep a close eye on him for the first 2 months and see how he is doing. What is Ryan’s doctor most likely concerned about?
a) tardive dyskinesia
b) high blood pressure
c) a rare blood disease
d) suicide
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
88. Fujita has been recently diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Which of the following medications is she most likely to be prescribed?
a) Xanax
b) Fluoxetine
c) Lithium
d) Chlorpromazine
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
89. Louis has had several episodes of severe depression, but for the past two weeks he has been euphoric, hyperactive, has shown signs of delusions, and has not slept for the past five nights. If Louis sees a psychiatrist, which medication might he be prescribed?
a) an SSRI
b) a benzodiazepine
c) lithium
d) Thorazine
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
90. Janus refuses to adhere to his treatment protocol. He says that the medication makes him forgetful and causes bowel and bladder accidents. He is also concerned that he has developed a heart arrhythmia. What medication was Janus MOST likely prescribed?
a) Paxil
b) Lithium
c) Thorazine
d) Valium
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
91. A patient is experiencing convulsions and a widespread firing of neurons in addition to changes in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and changes in the blood-brain barrier. This is most likely a result of
a) electroconvulsive therapy.
b) biomedical therapy.
c) deep brain stimulation.
d) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
92. Electroconvulsive therapy is used
a) with people who have severe depression that have failed to respond to other treatment protocols.
b) only in cases of depression where patients report psychosis.
c) in combination with vagus nerve stimulation.
d) with people who have a bipolar disorder and refuse to continue taking their medications.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
93. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a treatment for patients who have severe ___.
a) schizophrenia
b) generalized anxiety disorder
c) borderline personality disorder
d) depression
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
94. Which of the following statements about ECT is FALSE?
a) It induces seizures in the brain.
b) It helps 70% of patients treated.
c) It can affect short-term memory, sometimes permanently.
d) It is used more now than in the past because of more advanced medical techniques.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
95. Logan just underwent a treatment that resulted in a re-established biochemical and hormonal homeostasis in his brain areas that most affect mood. Logan most likely was administered ________ treatment.
a) ECT.
b) DBS.
c) TMS.
d) MAOI.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
96. Keziah has been diagnosed with severe depression. She has not responded to any forms of antidepressant medication or to psychotherapy. At this juncture, Keziah’s physician may be considering ________ as a therapy attempt.
a) aversion therapy
b) electroconvulsive therapy
c) client-centred therapy
d) psychosurgery
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
97. Faith has suffered from severe depression for many years. Which of the following procedures might she be considering?
a) electroconvulsive therapy
b) neurosurgery
c) lobotomy
d) trephining
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
98. Eymen has been dealing with major depression for years now, and nothing he has tried has worked. He has been on several types of medications, and he has tried several distinct types of talk therapies and group therapies. Nothing has worked, and now Eymen is ready to give up and is having thoughts of suicide. What is the best treatment for Eymen at this point?
a) ECT
b) lobotomy
c) mood stabilizers
d) a different kind of antidepressant
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
99. Anja is suffering from severe depression and her doctors want to use ECT as a treatment tool. What side effect should Anja be concerned about?
a) She may feel more anxious afterwards.
b) She may have an increase in appetite.
c) She may have some memory loss.
d) She may experience insomnia.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
100. Bindhu is suffering from an anxiety disorder and is considering taking medications for it. What is the main thing that Bindhu should worry about?
a) Antianxiety medications take a long time to work.
b) The effects of antianxiety medications last a long time.
c) Antianxiety medications have an elevated risk of dependence.
d) Antianxiety medications typically do not work.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
101. One reason that the benzodiazepine family of drugs are so additive is that
a) they create pleasant hallucinatory effects.
b) the effects of the drugs are long-lasting.
c) they are taken in very high doses.
d) there is an almost immediate alleviation of anxiety symptoms.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
102. The process of using a magnetic field to deliver an electrical current to the brain is known by the acronym of
a) TMS.
b) ECT.
c) DBS.
d) SNRI.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
103. Approximately ___ of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) patients who are treated daily for two to four weeks report alleviated depression.
a) 40%
b) 55%
c) 65%
d) 80%
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
104. Approximately ___ of vagus nerve stimulation patients experience significant symptom relief.
a) 40%
b) 55%
c) 65%
d) 80%
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
105. How is TMS different from ECT?
a) TMS uses a magnetic field, while ECT does not.
b) ECT uses a magnetic field, while TMS does not.
c) TMS blocks reuptake, while ECT does not.
d) ECT blocks reuptake, while TMS does not.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
106. Diagnosed with major depression, Enola has NOT experienced a reduction in symptoms following trials with several medications. Her psychiatrist initially recommends that Enola undergo electroconvulsive therapy, but Enola strongly protests, arguing that she is extremely fearful of having an electrical current be applied to her brain. What alternative to ECT is her psychiatrist MOST likely to recommend?
a) transcranial magnetic stimulation
b) deep brain stimulation
c) a lobotomy
d) neurogenesis
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
107. Which of the following statements about biologically-based disorders is true?
a) In most biologically-based disorders, a single gene has been identified as responsible for the disorder.
b) If someone has a genetic predisposition for a specific disorder, that person will develop the disorder.
c) More psychological disorders are caused by problems in neurotransmitter levels than by genetic problems.
d) Abnormal functioning is a complex interaction of a variety of biological processes.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
108. Which of the following treatments does NOT use an electric current to alleviate abnormal symptoms?
a) psychosurgery
b) deep brain stimulation
c) ECT
d) TMS
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
109. Which of the following is NOT treated using deep brain stimulation?
a) Parkinson’s disease
b) epilepsy
c) bipolar disorder
d) depression
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
110. Dana was recently treated with deep brain stimulation. Which of the following was a part of Dana’s procedure?
a) implanting a pacemaker
b) using powerful magnets
c) cutting nerve fibers between the frontal lobes and the lower brain centres
d) stimulating production of new synapses
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
111. Carrina has suffered from major depression for ten years and has had little success with medications. Her psychiatrist has suggested he could implant a small pacemaker-like device in her chest that would send electrical signals through a nerve to the nerve centres of the brain. Which of the following treatments is her psychiatrist suggesting?
a) ECT
b) transcranial magnetic stimulation
c) transmagnetic nerve stimulation
d) vagus nerve stimulation
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
112. Marnie has suffered from depression for almost ten years but has had no success with medications. Marnie’s doctor has suggested a new therapy that increases activity in the prefrontal cortex. Which of the following therapies is Marnie’s doctor most likely suggesting?
a) vagus nerve stimulation
b) transcranial magnetic stimulation
c) electroconvulsive therapy
d) trephining
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
113. Connections in what part of the brain are severed when a lobotomy is performed?
a) Frontal lobes and the lower centres of the brain
b) Thalamus and the hypothalamus
c) Amygdala and the hippocampus
d) Pons and the medulla
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
114. Lobotomies were a widely used treatment for ___.
a) depression
b) schizophrenia
c) bipolar disorder
d) personality disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
115. What is a potential problem associated with psychopharmacology?
a) Drugs relieve symptoms but do not provide cures.
b) Lengthy drug trials drive up the price of medications.
c) Drugs lead to irreversible damage to the user.
d) Side effects range from mild fatigue to death.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
116. Which of the following is one of the disadvantages of psychosurgery?
a) Psychosurgery can cause irreversible consequences.
b) Psychosurgery has not been approved by either Health Canada or the FDA.
c) The drugs used during psychosurgery can be lethal.
d) Doctors have overused psychosurgery in the past.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
117. ________ is based on the idea that abnormal behaviour is caused by unconscious conflicts among the three parts of the psyche.
a) Psychodynamic therapy
b) Humanistic therapy
c) Cognitive therapy
d) Observational learning
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
118. Psychodynamic therapists contend that today’s emotional disorder is the result of ___.
a) yesterday’s emotional trauma
b) yesterday’s maladaptive behaviours
c) today’s negative style of thinking
d) today’s abnormal brain
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
119. Manaia and Zoe are both in psychodynamic therapy. Manaia is morbidly obese and wants to learn to control her eating. Zoe suffers from repetitive debilitating headaches that have no organic cause. In both instances the therapists will share the goal of helping Manaia and Zoe to
a) identify specific problem-causing behaviours and replace them with more adaptive behaviours.
b) change their faulty thinking processes.
c) uncover past traumatic events and inner conflicts.
d) look at themselves and their situations more accurately and acceptingly.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
120. Which of the following is NOT considered a psychodynamic therapy?
a) psychoanalysis
b) rational-emotive therapy
c) relational psychoanalytic therapy
d) short-term psychodynamic therapies
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
121. Kamilè is a therapist who uses free association, interpretation, and dream analysis when treating her patients. Kamilè is practising the ___ approach to therapy.
a) cognitive-behavioural
b) Gestalt
c) humanistic
d) psychodynamic
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
122. Julian is seeing a psychologist who tells him that his anxiety is due to unresolved conflicts with his mother. Julian’s psychologist will likely provide some form of ___________ therapy.
a) humanistic
b) behavioural
c) cognitive-behavioural
d) psychodynamic
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize different types of treatment.
Section Reference: Treatment in Today’s World
123. When a client begins treating the therapist as if they were someone significant from the client’s past, this is called
a) resistance.
b) free association.
c) transference.
d) projection.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
124. During what is otherwise a routine psychoanalytic session, Sherry lashes out at her therapist, accusing him of never trying. Because this is something Sherry’s father was guilty of, the therapist recognizes this accusation as an instance of
a) free association.
b) latency.
c) transference.
d) resistance.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
125. Bastian is discussing with his therapist how competitive hockey is, and how his dad pushed him over the years to be a champion player. Later in the session, when the therapist suggests some exercises and activities that Bastion can work on between sessions, Bastian begins shouting at the therapist and pointing at him “Since I was a little kid, I have always been made to do things I don’t want to do. You are always telling me what to do!” What is Bastian’s behaviour called?
a) transference
b) projection
c) resistance
d) catharsis
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
126. Dr. Morgan has always been patient and supportive with his clients. One day, one of them says, “I completely depend on you. I do not know what I would do without you and your help and guidance. I don’t know how to even make a decision any more without discussing it with you first.” This would be seen by a Freudian therapist as an example of
a) free association.
b) unconditional positive regard.
c) catharsis.
d) transference.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
127. During today’s therapy session, Dr. Jack noticed that Jim would cut short discussion of certain topics and complain of a headache or tiredness. At other times, Jim would become agitated with him, speak tersely, or become angered seemingly without cause. How can Jim’s reactions be explained?
a) Jim is unconsciously resisting certain topics and sometimes transfers his conflicting emotions onto Dr. Jack.
b) Dr. Jack has failed to be an attentive listener and Jack is reacting to this perceived slight.
c) Jim is experiencing resistance to Dr. Jack’s attempts at cognitive restructuring.
d) Dr. Jack has been too critical with his interpretations of Jim’s free associations and dreams.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
128. Nivi yells at her psychoanalyst, "You’ve never listened to me or understood anything I’ve said. You do not care at all what happens to me. I hate you!" Assuming this is not how her therapist treats her, it is most likely that Nivi is experiencing _______________ in this stage of her therapy.
a) resistance
b) free association
c) transference
d) projection
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
129. After weeks of therapy, where she has been discussing her divorce, Aino thinks she is in love with her therapist and has begun to treat him as if he is her boyfriend. Aino is displaying feelings and behavior that psychoanalysts refer to as
a) catharsis.
b) transference.
c) delusional relationship formation.
d) resistance.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
130. In the middle of telling a painful story, a client undergoing psychoanalysis suddenly "forgets" what he was saying. This behaviour might be an example of
a) free association.
b) resistance.
c) latent content.
d) transference.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
131. According to Freud, when a patient exhibits resistance, it is the therapist's job to
a) provide punishments for the resistant behaviour.
b) help the patient face the problem.
c) help the patient "relive" past relationships.
d) provide equal resistance in return.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
132. During therapy, Larissa changes the subject every time the therapist brings up her childhood. According to psychodynamic therapists, which of the following is Larissa demonstrating?
a) free association
b) resistance
c) transference
d) catharsis
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
133. Dr. Rickerby found that his patient Maya would frequently change the subject when she started to talk about her father. While he noticed another patient, Logan, had become unreasonably agitated by Dr. Rickerby during recent sessions. What pitfalls of analysis are these patients experiencing?
a) Maya is experiencing resistance and Logan is experiencing transference.
b) Maya is experiencing transference and Logan is experiencing resistance.
c) Maya and Logan are both experiencing resistance.
d) Maya and Logan are both experiencing transference.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
134. Psychodynamic therapists argue that patients need to re-experience their past repressed feelings in order to resolve internal conflicts and overcome their problems. They call this
a) insight.
b) repression.
c) catharsis.
d) resistance.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
135. To gain access into his patients' unconscious minds, Freud felt it was necessary to use methods such as interpreting transference behaviour and encouraging patients to experience catharsis because
a) many patients are not in therapy voluntarily and so must be tricked into sharing their innermost thoughts.
b) patients' intellectual abilities may not allow open discussion of their cognitions.
c) the ego works hard to keep unconscious thoughts from surfacing.
d) these methods simulate childhood, where many unconscious conflicts begin.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
136. According to Freud, forbidden desires and unconscious conflicts are more freely expressed during dreams because
a) the mind is focused on rest and repair.
b) all ideas within dreams are acceptable.
c) psychological defenses are lowered.
d) connections between thoughts are strengthened.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
137. When the patient reveals every thought that comes to mind, this is called
a) transference.
b) free association.
c) unconscious motivation.
d) a Freudian slip.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
138. When Xiang lies down on his therapist’s couch, he is asked to describe thoughts as they come to mind. What therapeutic technique does this describe?
a) transference
b) transduction
c) free association
d) resistance
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
139. Liya and Hugo have sought the assistance of therapists. Liya’s therapist has asked her to play a simple game to read a word then say the first thing that comes to mind. Hugo’s therapist has asked him to keep a journal noting what he can remember from his sleep each night and any recurrences or patterns. How do the therapists’ methods differ?
a) Liya’s therapist is employing free association while Hugo’s is employing dream analysis.
b) Liya’s therapist is analyzing resistance, while Hugo’s is analyzing transference.
c) Liya’s therapist is employing unconditional positive regard while Hugo’s is employing dream analysis.
d) Liya’s therapist is analyzing transference, while Hugo’s is analyzing resistance.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
140. Which of the following opportunities for interpretation by a psychodynamic therapist is matched with the correct description?
a) free association – reliving of past repressed painful experiences
b) resistance – reporting a stream of thoughts and feelings without censorship
c) transference – treating therapist like a significant person from the past
d) catharsis – missing appointments or arriving late for appointments
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
141. Which of the following is NOT a component of psychodynamic therapy?
a) reflective listening
b) working through
c) therapist interpretation
d) catharsis
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
142. According to psychodynamic therapies, what must a client experience to overcome their problems?
a) transference
b) catharsis
c) resistance
d) free association
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
143. Haruto has just relived a painful childhood experience in his therapy session, and he feels completely drained. However, both he and his therapist feel that he made extraordinary progress in the session. What did Haruto achieve in his therapy session?
a) transference
b) reaction formation
c) catharsis
d) resistance
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
144. According to psychodynamic therapy, what happens after a client reaches catharsis?
a) Therapy ends.
b) The client requires a few sessions to help with relaxation.
c) The client begins a program of medications.
d) The client continues therapy to work through the issues underlying their problem.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
145. In Sybil’s last therapy session, she achieved catharsis. Now that she has faced the core issues of her problem, how will her therapy progress?
a) She will not need therapy anymore.
b) She will need a few sessions to help her relax.
c) She will need some medication to help her sleep.
d) She will need extended sessions to help her work through her issues.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
146. Anastasia’s therapist has expressed concern about Anastasia’s progress as he feels that for genuine progress to be achieved Anastasia must experience _____ in addition to intellectual insight. Following this he feels it is important for several sessions to continue so Anastasia can engage in _____.
a) working through; emotional catharsis
b) free association; transference
c) resistance; emotional catharsis
d) emotional catharsis; working through
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
147. Geraldine tells her psychoanalyst about dreaming she was being chased by a wolf. Her psychoanalyst interprets this as Geraldine feeling pressured to perform better at work. According to a psychodynamic therapist, Geraldine’s being chased by a wolf would be the ___ content of her dream.
a) manifest
b) latent
c) cathartic
d) dynamic
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
148. Geraldine tells her psychoanalyst about dreaming she was being chased by a wolf. Her psychoanalyst interprets this as Geraldine feeling pressured to perform better at work. The therapist’s interpretation of Geraldine’s dream would be considered the ___ content of her dream.
a) manifest
b) latent
c) cathartic
d) dynamic
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
149. What did Freud call the hidden, underlying meaning of an image from a dream?
a) transference
b) interpretation
c) manifest content
d) latent content
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
150. What is the difference between the manifest and latent content of a dream?
a) The manifest content is the reported storyline of the dream, and the latent content is the hidden symbolic meaning.
b) The manifest content is the part we remember when we are awake and the latent content is the parts we keep hidden in our unconscious.
c) The manifest content is the sensory components of the dream, and the latent content is the verbal components of the dream.
d) The manifest content is stored in our preconscious and the latent content is stored in our consciousness.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
151. Charlotte is participating in the psychodynamic treatment that has the most empirical support regarding efficacy. What kind of treatment is Charlotte engaged in?
a) relational psychoanalytic therapy
b) psychoanalysis
c) short-term psychodynamic therapy
d) rational-emotive therapy
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
152. What is one way that short-term psychodynamic therapy differs from psychoanalytic therapy?
e) Psychoanalysis is generally considered more efficient.
b) Short-term psychodynamic therapists do not use interpretation.
c) Psychoanalytic therapy is more concerned with the present.
d) Research indicates that psychodynamic therapy is more effective.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
153. Hayden is undergoing short-term psychodynamic therapy. Which of the following should she expect?
a) The therapist will use free-association to uncover the source of her conflicts.
b) The therapist will discuss any of Hayden’s issues that come up as they arise.
c) The therapist will address multiple issues in a single session.
d) The therapist and Hayden will center their discussions around a single issue.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
154. Short-term psychodynamic therapy uses ___.
a) free association
b) dream analysis
c) dynamic focus
d) catharsis
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
155. Selina is undergoing short-term psychodynamic therapy. Which of the following would be an example of topics that Selina might deal with in therapy?
a) her relationship with her mother and stress she is under at work
b) her substance abuse, her childhood abuse, and her fear of heights
c) her fear of heights and the stress she is under at work
d) her fear of losing the people she loves
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
156. When Ignacio goes to his therapy appointment, the therapist tells him he wants to focus the discussion on his fear of rejection. Ignacio’s therapist is using _____ which is part of _____ therapy.
a) catharsis; short-term psychodynamic
b) catharsis; relational psychoanalytic
c) dynamic focus; short-term psychodynamic
d) dynamic focus; relational psychoanalytic
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
157. After telling his therapist about his alcoholic father, Nehir’s therapist responds by telling him about his relationship with his own father. This would suggest that Nehir is undergoing ___.
a) relational psychoanalytic therapy
b) short-term psychodynamic therapy
c) cognitive-behavioural therapy
d) client-centred therapy
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
158. When Robert becomes angry talking about his wife’s family and begins to shout and call them names, his therapist, Dr. McLean, tells Robert that this behaviour is making him uncomfortable, as shouting in his own family was considered a sign of disrespect. From this exchange, we can conclude that Dr. McLean practices _____ psychoanalytic therapy.
a) relational
b) short-term
c) cognitive-behavioural
d) client-centred
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
159. What is the difference between psychodynamic therapy and relational psychoanalytic therapy?
a) Psychodynamic therapy takes a long time and relational psychoanalytic therapy lasts only a few weeks.
b) Psychodynamic therapy assumes the therapist is the expert and relational psychoanalytic therapy assumes the client and therapist are more equal.
c) Psychodynamic therapy has empirical evidence and relational psychoanalytic therapy does not have supporting evidence.
d) Psychodynamic therapy is conducted individually, and relational psychoanalytic therapy is always conducted in a group setting.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
160. Which of the following statements about psychodynamic therapy is true?
a) Experiencing catharsis will create lasting changes in a person.
b) Resistance is an undesirable event and should be avoided.
c) For lasting insight to be gained, a client must examine the same issues repeatedly.
d) Psychodynamic therapy is as effective as most other forms of psychotherapy.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
161. Which of the following statements about the impact Freud and his followers have had on treatment is true?
a) Although the first to consider the existence and value of the unconscious, virtually no therapists identify as psychodynamic today.
b) They were the first to clarify the potential of psychological, as opposed to biological, treatment.
c) Their ideas were derived from many other psychological treatments.
d) Their ideas have been strongly supported by empirical research.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
162. Which of the following statements about the impact Freud and his followers have had on treatment is FALSE?
a) They were the first practitioners to demonstrate the value of systematically applying both theory and techniques to treatment.
b) They were the first to clarify the potential of psychological, as opposed to biological, treatment.
c) Their ideas have served as a starting point for many other psychological treatments.
d) Their ideas have been strongly supported by empirical research.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
163. Which type of therapy uses classical conditioning, operant conditioning, or observational learning to treat clients?
a) behavioural therapy
b) cognitive therapy
c) humanistic therapy
d) psychodynamic therapy
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
164. The goal of behavioural therapy is to identify the client’s ___.
a) specific problem-causing behaviours and to replace them with more adaptive behaviours
b) unconscious childhood conflicts and repressed memories
c) source of motivation for self-actualization
d) abnormal brain functioning
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
165. Which of the following types of treatment is NOT a behavioural one?
a) rational-emotive therapy
b) systematic desensitization
c) token economy
d) aversion therapy
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
166. What is one criticism of behaviour therapy?
a) Behavior therapy is too time-consuming to change behavior in a patient.
b) Behavior therapy does not get to the root of the problem.
c) Behavior therapy often creates different results from what was expected.
d) Cognitive therapies are much more effective in creating lifelong change.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
167. Which of the following is the best description of the therapist’s role in behavioural treatments?
a) teacher
b) expert
c) healer
d) friend
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
168. Callie has applied for a job as a mail carrier. She has long wanted to work outdoors and get exercise while working and is very excited at the prospect of getting this position. However, she has a phobia of dogs that must be overcome if she is to take this job. Therefore, Callie is seeing a behavioural therapist to work through her phobia. Which of the following would NOT be one of the types of treatments that Callie’s therapist would use?
a) client-centred therapy
b) systematic desensitization
c) token economy
d) modelling
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
169. In systematic desensitization,
a) clients are exposed to excessive amounts of whatever they are afraid of.
b) clients move through a fear hierarchy while practising relaxation.
c) clients are conditioned to replace previously pleasant responses with unpleasant responses from the same stimulus.
d) clients are given tokens that can later be exchanged for reinforcers.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
170. Carlos is a therapist who just finished his first session with a new patient who suffers from agoraphobia. Carlos is preparing a regimen to gradually expose the patient to progressively more crowded places. Which of the following should he include in that regimen?
a) Relaxation training that will help the patient grow and remain calm when faced with the prospect of being outside of her home.
b) An evolving system of extrinsic rewards that helps the patient approach the target behaviour of going to her daughter’s school.
c) A positive self-talk script that the patient can use when confronted with her own fear and negativity about her behaviour.
d) Modeling practice on individuals interacting in a school environment that the patient can observe and emulate in her efforts to go to her daughter’s school.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
171. Which of the following therapies would BEST help a patient suffering from a phobia?
a) A therapy regimen in which the patient is taught relaxation techniques and then exposed to imaginary and real versions of the feared object or situation.
b) A therapy regimen in which the patient is exposed to a second, anxiety-causing stimulus that redirects his or her attention from the feared object or situation.
c) A therapy regimen in which the patient and therapist uncover and explore the underlying anxieties that are manifesting in the phobia.
d) A therapy regimen in which the patient is given unconditional positive regard when he or she confronts a feared object or situation without panicking.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
172. A woman seeks therapy because of her claustrophobia. She and her therapist construct a fear hierarchy made up of images of increasingly smaller spaces. While in a state of deep relaxation, the client looks at each image in turn, visualizing herself in each place. When she feels comfortable with one visualization, she moves on to the next. Over time, she is able to feel comfortable, even riding in small elevators. Which technique is this an example of?
a) shaping
b) aversion therapy
c) systematic desensitization
d) virtual reality therapy
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
173. Indira is so afraid of dogs that she refuses to leave her home unless she can get directly into the car in the covered garage, Indira is now seeing a therapist who wishes to combine systematic desensitization with a technique typically used with desensitization. Which form of therapy is Indira’s therapist most likely to employ?
a) virtual reality therapy
b) classical conditioning
c) operant conditioning
d) observational learning
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
174. How do therapies based on classical conditioning differ from those based on observational learning?
a) Classical conditioning focuses on extinguishing maladaptive behaviours via conditioned response, while observational learning focuses on acquiring adaptive behaviours via imitation.
b) Classical conditioning discourages maladaptive behaviours via rewards, while observational learning corrects the underlying assumptions via analysis of external models.
c) Classical conditioning teaches coping skills via participant modeling, while observational learning teaches these same skills via modeling therapy.
d) Classical conditioning introduces rewards for adaptive behaviours via shaping, while observational learning introduces negative consequences for maladaptive behaviours via modeling.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
175. How are classical conditioning therapies and observational learning therapies similar?
a) Both types of therapy expose the patient to anxiety-inducing stimuli in a safe, controlled environment.
b) Both types of therapy target the underlying emotional processes that produce maladaptive behaviours.
c) Both types of therapy utilize extrinsic rewards as a means of helping the patient increase adaptive behaviours.
d) Both types of therapy use modeling to decrease patients’ fears about specific stimuli.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
176. Omar has a phobia of enclosed spaces. His fear would BEST be treated with which type of therapy?
a) aversion therapy
b) desensitization
c) modeling therapy
d) shaping
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
177. Viktoria is getting over her fear of flying by learning how to relax and then working through a hierarchy of fearful events around flying. What type of therapy does it sound like Viktoria is doing?
a) aversion therapy
b) rational-emotive therapy
c) modelling
d) systematic desensitization
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
178. Abby is maintaining a deep state of relaxation as she looks at a picture of a snake, then views a snake through a window, then watches a snake from across the room, then observes a snake at arm's length, and so on. In this example, Abby is using _________________ to decrease her snake phobia.
a) cognitive-relaxation therapy
b) systematic desensitization
c) virtual-relaxation therapy
d) progressive relaxation therapy
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
179. Macy has a crippling fear of germs. She is increasingly restricted by this fear as she will not use public transit, sit in classes if anyone is sneezing or appears ill, go to shopping malls, etc. She recognizes that this fear is irrational and adversely affecting her life. She decides to go to a therapist. Her therapist talks about “conditioning,” “fear hierarchies,” and “reinforcement” and “punishment.” Which type of therapist is Macy seeing, and what type of therapy is the therapist likely to use with Macy’s presenting issue of a phobia?
a) behavioural; systematic desensitization
b) behavioural; aversion therapy
c) cognitive-behavioural; systematic desensitization
d) cognitive-behavioural; aversion therapy
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
180. Systematic desensitization works because of the principle of
a) classical conditioning.
b) operant conditioning.
c) modelling.
d) none of the above.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
181. Which of the following problems would be treated by using classical conditioning?
a) ending self-mutilation behaviour in autistic children
b) reducing tantrum behaviour in a preschooler
c) helping socially anxious people become more assertive
d) teaching hospitalized schizophrenics to adopt better hygienic practices
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
182. A woman suffers from anorexia and bulimia. Which combination of therapies has the MOST potential to help this patient?
a) Anti anxiety drugs and modeling therapy to encourage a positive body image.
b) Anti anxiety drugs and systematic desensitization therapy to eliminate fear of obesity.
c) Antidepressant drugs and aversion therapy to stop the bulimic behaviour.
d) Antidepressant drugs and shaping therapy to teach healthy eating habits.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
183. What is aversion therapy?
a) A type of behaviour therapy in which an unpleasant stimulus is paired with a maladaptive behaviour to create a negative association with the target stimulus.
b) A behaviour therapy technique in which a patient learns to prevent the arousal of anxiety by gradually confronting the feared stimulus while relaxed.
c) A type of therapy characterized by watching and imitating models that demonstrate desirable behaviours.
d) A type of therapy that combines cognitive therapy to change faulty thinking with behavioural therapy to change maladaptive behaviours.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
184. Which of the following therapies pairs an unpleasant stimulus with a maladaptive behaviour to create a negative association with the target stimulus?
a) aversion therapy
b) systematic desensitization
c) shaping
d) modeling therapy
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
185. Adrian is a 12-year-old boy with severe cognitive impairment who often bites his own skin until it bleeds. His therapist has suggested that he wear an electric shock bracelet which will deliver a mild electric shock every time he tries to bite himself. Adrian’s therapist is suggesting ___.
a) negative punishment
b) desensitization therapy
c) exposure therapy
d) aversion therapy
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
186. A man with a gambling addiction undergoes a form of therapy that involves receiving safe but unpleasant levels of electric shock when he reaches for a deck of cards. What type of therapeutic technique is this?
a) systematic desensitization
b) aversion therapy
c) participant modeling
d) virtual reality therapy
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
187. The goal of ___ is for to clients acquire anxiety responses to stimuli that they have been finding too attractive.
a) flooding
b) drug therapy
c) humanistic therapy
d) aversion therapy
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
188. Which condition(s) below can be treated with aversion therapy?
a) self-mutilation
b) smoking
c) sexual deviance
d) all of the above
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
189. How does systematic desensitization differ from aversion therapy?
a) Systematic desensitization aims to extinguish anxiety associated with a stimulus, while aversion therapy attempts to create anxiety.
b) Systematic desensitization mitigates the underlying cause of fears, while aversion therapy teaches the client to cope with fearful situations.
c) Systematic desensitization aims to improve the client’s physical functioning, while aversion therapy aims to improve emotional functioning.
d) Systematic desensitization teaches the client how to overcome fear in certain situations, while aversion therapy teaches the client how to avoid fearful situations.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
190. How are systematic desensitization and aversion therapy similar to one another?
a) Both therapies condition the patient to decrease maladaptive behaviours by creating new associations to replace faulty ones.
b) Both therapies mitigate the underlying causes of patients’ fears in order to address the source of maladaptive behaviours.
c) Both therapies teach clients how to avoid fearful situations that prompt them to engage in maladaptive behaviours.
d) Both therapies eliminate maladaptive behaviour through a system of rewards aimed at a target behaviour.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
191. Which pair of therapies both focus on decreasing maladaptive behaviours through the creation of new associations with a situation or stimulus?
a) systematic desensitization and aversion therapy
b) shaping and modeling therapy
c) modeling therapy and systematic desensitization
d) aversion therapy and shaping
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
192. Which of the following is an example of shaping?
a) Romy is painfully shy. To help her overcome this, her therapist initially rewards her for any type of outgoing behaviour. Over time, the therapist rewards Romy only for specific social behaviours.
b) Felix is afraid of driving. To help him overcome this, his therapist has him look at a picture of a parked car. Over time, the therapist has him drive a car for long periods in busy traffic.
c) Courtney does not like birds. To help her overcome this, her therapist has her watch others interact with birds and imitate their behaviour. Over time, the therapist has Courtney approach the birds.
d) Éli has difficulty accepting his failures. To help him overcome this, his therapist provides unconditional positive regard. Over time, the therapist coaches him on positive self-talk.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Synthesis
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
193. Dr. Mora exposes Ben to fearful stimuli in a safe environment to reduce his anxiety associated with those stimuli. She exposes Claire to unpleasant stimuli alongside a maladaptive behaviour in order to create anxiety. Based on this, which of the following is TRUE?
a) Dr. Mora is treating Ben with systematic desensitization and Claire with aversion therapy.
b) Dr. Mora is treating Ben with aversion therapy and Claire with shaping.
c) Dr. Mora is treating Ben with shaping and Claire with modeling therapy.
d) Dr. Mora is treating Ben with modeling therapy and Claire with systematic desensitization.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
194. Josie is trying to get her daughter to improve her spelling. For every ten words that are spelled correctly, Josie gives her a gold star. Ten gold stars can be exchanged for one hour of TV. Josie is using
a) systematic desensitization.
b) a token economy.
c) aversion training.
d) modelling.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
195. Shilpa is a kindergarten teacher. Whenever her young students pick up their toys, hang up their jackets, or sit quietly during story time, Shilpa gives them stickers. At the end of the school day, the students can trade their stickers in for time on the computer, an extra snack, or extra play time. Which of the following best describes the type of behaviour program Shilpa is using?
a) social skills training
b) aversion therapy
c) modelling
d) token economy
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
196. Noor works at an inpatient treatment facility. In the facility the staff provide residents with coins that can be exchanged for objects and events individuals desire such as candy, extra computer, or video game time, visits away for the facility, and so on. The residents earn coins by engaging in behaviours that Nor and other staff deem appropriate, desirable, or necessary. This approach is known as _____.
a) social skills training
b) an objective persuasion therapeutic approach
c) modelling
d) a token economy
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
197. What kind of behavioural therapy is social skills training?
a) classical conditioning
b) operant conditioning
c) modelling
d) Gestalt therapy
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
198. Chance is seeing a therapist to help him prepare for upcoming job interviews. In his therapy sessions, he practices various job interview situations and how to answer them, and he gets feedback from the therapist and models the therapist’s behaviour. What kind of therapy is Chance using?
a) aversion therapy
b) social skills training
c) systematic desensitization
d) token economy
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
199. Carl is a patient on a psychiatric ward who often hits other patients to take their desserts. His behavioural therapist has been trying to get Carl to be less aggressive by discussing with him more appropriate ways to interact with the other patients, and by showing him films of people using other ways to ask for things they want. Carl has also engaged in role playing with his therapist. Which type of therapy is Carl’s therapist using?
a) aversion therapy
b) systematic desensitization therapy
c) rational-emotive therapy
d) social skills training
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
200. When therapists demonstrate appropriate behaviour to clients and then ask the clients to imitate it and rehearse it, this is called
a) successive approximations.
b) modelling.
c) a token economy.
d) social skills training.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
201. Shreya is very shy and cannot even bring herself to answer the phone or to order food at a fast food restaurant. Which therapy would be best for helping Shreya correct her maladaptive behaviour?
a) modelling therapy
b) psychodynamic therapy
c) aversion therapy
d) Gestalt therapy
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
202. All the following are problems with the behavioural approach EXCEPT that
a) there is no evidence that people acquire psychological disorders because of improper conditioning.
b) improvements in a controlled environment such as a lab might not generalize to real-world settings.
c) it is difficult to test empirically.
d) the behaviourist view does not take the complexity of behaviour into account.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
203. Behavioural techniques fall into three categories. Which of the following behaviour technique is matched up with the WRONG category?
a) systematic desensitization – operant conditioning
b) token economy – operant conditioning
c) social skills training – modeling
d) aversion therapy – classical conditioning
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
204. Which of the following is a disadvantage of behavioural therapies?
a) They focus on behaviours that are difficult to measure.
b) The changes are not always maintained long term.
c) There is no empirical evidence for behavioural treatments.
d) They take a long time to work.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
205. For which of the following problems would you NOT seek a behaviour therapist’s help?
a) social deficits
b) bipolar disorder
c) phobias
d) intellectual disabilities
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
206. Which of the following accurately summarizes the generalizability criticism of behaviour therapies?
a) Newly acquired behaviours will disappear because the real world does not provide consistent reinforcement of those behaviours.
b) Controlling the behaviour of another person through rewards and punishments is unethical.
c) Employing behaviour techniques is only useful up to a point if it does not address the cognitive structure underlying behaviours.
d) Behavioural therapies prevent patients from achieving self-actualization and self-awareness by focusing only on actions.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
207. Which of the following techniques MOST closely aligns with the cognitive approach to therapy?
a) Noting the behaviours of a friend who demonstrates a desired quality.
b) Keeping a journal of positive experiences throughout the day.
c) Documenting the ways that one's irrational beliefs manifest.
d) Focusing on the negative impact of one's maladaptive behaviours.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
208. Which of the following therapies would NOT fit under the category of cognitive-behavioural?
a) rational-emotive therapy
b) systematic desensitization
c) Beck’s cognitive therapy
d) mindfulness
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
209. Which of these is considered a cognitive-behavioural therapy?
a) rational-emotive behaviour therapy
b) classical conditioning behaviour therapy
c) observational learning
d) psychopharmacology
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
210. Zion is suffering from social anxiety disorder, and it has been recommended to him that he attend therapy. If he is seeing a cognitive-behavioural therapist, what can he expect to work on during his therapy sessions?
a) his unconscious aggressive impulses toward others
b) his dysfunctional thinking patterns
c) his ability to relax in social situations
d) his true potential as a human being
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
211. ___ developed rational-emotive behavioural therapy.
a) Aaron Beck
b) Albert Bandura
c) Albert Ellis
d) Carl Rogers
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
212. Which two common therapy goals does Ellis's rational-emotive behaviour therapy MOST directly address?
a) changing emotions and behaviours
b) changing thoughts and emotions
c) changing relationships and thoughts
d) changing behaviours and relationships
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
213. Which statement is a valid conclusion about the process of rational-emotive behaviour therapy?
a) If a client interprets a setback erroneously, then he will not be able to see the emotional consequences of his thoughts and behaviours.
b) If a client cannot see the effects of her self-defeating thoughts, then she will not be able to replace them with helpful, rational thoughts.
c) If a client experiences teasing or insensitivity from her therapist, she is likely to feel defeated and be unable to continue the therapeutic process.
d) If a client disputes his own irrational beliefs, he is likely to struggle with the emotional consequences of this internal conflict.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
214. Which of the following theorists would be interested in giving clients homework assignments requiring them to observe and challenge their assumptions?
a) Beck
b) Ellis
c) Rogers
d) Perls
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
215. You are attending your first session with a new therapist. On his bookshelf, you see many books written by Ellis. What type of therapy might you expect the therapist to use?
a) modelling therapy
b) rational-emotive therapy
c) cognitive therapy
d) acceptance and commitment therapy
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
216. Nicholas is experiencing a great deal of conflict in his life, with friends, family and at work. He does not think he is the problem but at the same time is aware that he is the common denominator. He has decided to speak to a therapist to see if he can change this pattern of conflict. The therapist uses terms such as “irrational assumptions,” “cognitive restructuring,” and “replacing negative interpretations with positive thought.” Nicholas has found a therapist who uses what type of therapy?
a) modelling therapy
b) rational-emotive therapy
c) cognitive therapy
d) acceptance and commitment therapy
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
217. Cognitive restructuring involves
a) accepting that negative thoughts are simply representations of reality.
b) matching thoughts and feelings as modeled by the therapist.
c) reordering thoughts and timelines to be more compatible with reality.
d) changing negative interpretations into more positive beliefs.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
218. Darinder was asked to think about the assumptions he used in his everyday life. He was then asked to test the rationality of those assumptions, and finally to then rehearse new assumptions and apply them to his work and with his friends. Darinder is most likely in _______ therapy.
a) behavioural
b) rationale-emotive
c) psychodynamic
d) Gestalt
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
219. Jaan feels that there is no point in even trying to make friends at his new school as no one ever likes him. Jaan would most likely benefit from cognitive restructuring to help him
a) move toward self-recognition and self-acceptance.
b) change his self-defeating thinking.
c) uncover past traumatic events and inner conflicts.
d) learn more functional behaviours.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
220. Which type of therapy works on helping clients discover their irrational assumptions and then change those assumptions to something more positive?
a) rational-emotive therapy
b) Beck’s cognitive therapy
c) mindfulness
d) acceptance and commitment therapy
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
221. Will and James have been ordered to six months of anger management therapy. Will’s therapist spends a great deal of time trying to help Will identify the reasons for his anger. James’s therapist spends a great deal of time teaching James refocusing exercises that combat inappropriate reactions of anger. How do these therapeutic approaches differ?
a) Will’s therapist is taking a psychodynamic approach; James’s therapist is taking a cognitive approach.
b) Will’s therapist is taking a cognitive approach; James’s therapist is taking a psychodynamic approach.
c) Will’s therapist is taking a humanistic approach; James’s therapist is taking a psychodynamic approach.
d) Will’s therapist is taking a psychodynamic approach; James’s therapist is taking a humanistic approach.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
222. Tamika has seen two therapists in her battle with depression. Dr. Cole focused on helping Tamika uncover the deep-rooted sources of her feelings and behaviour. Dr. Jones focused on helping her restructure her behaviour to create her desired outcome. How do Dr. Cole’s and Dr. Jones’s methods compare?
a) Dr. Cole has a psychodynamic approach; Dr. Jones has a cognitive approach.
b) Dr. Cole and Dr. Jones both have a psychodynamic approach.
c) Dr. Cole and Dr. Jones both have a cognitive approach.
d) Dr. Cole has a humanistic approach; Dr. Jones has a traditional psychoanalytic approach.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
223. Saul is extremely upset that he failed his psychology midterm, because in his mind, this means that he is not smart enough to be in university. If Saul discussed this with his rational-emotive behavioural therapist, what is most likely to be the focus of the session?
a) Saul’s unconscious feelings of inferiority and guilt about failure
b) Saul’s true potential as a human being, whether it be student or something else
c) Saul’s irrational assumptions about using the midterm as proof that he does not belong
d) Saul’s ability to relax during a midterm and his study strategies
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
224. In a therapy session, Felicia told her instructor that she thought she should drop out of university because she failed her first psychology quiz. Her therapist told her thinking was irrational and pointed out that the grade on a single quiz is NOT indicative of how she will do in the rest of the semester. Whose approach is Felicia’s therapist probably using?
a) Bandura
b) Ellis
c) Beck
d) Rogers
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
225. When Cedric tells his therapist that no one at work likes him, his therapist tells him that, for homework, he wants Cedric to start conversations with five people in his office before his next appointment. Which of the following approaches is Cedric’s therapist using?
a) Bandura’s modelling approach
b) Beck’s cognitive therapy approach
c) Ellis’ rational-emotive therapy approach
d) Roger’s client-centred therapy approach
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
226. Kiley has spent her whole adolescence and adulthood on a diet and hating her body and has decided that enough is enough. Perhaps there is nothing wrong with her body at all, and she needs to change how she thinks. So now she looks in a mirror and thinks ‘fat and ugly’, ideally, she will one day be able to look in a mirror and think ‘NOT Vogue centrefold but I can see some positives – my legs are great, my skin has a nice glow, and I look fabulous in this outfit’. If Kiley could one day reach her goal, what would Albert Ellis call this?
a) mindfulness
b) acceptance and commitment therapy
c) cognitive restructuring
d) unconditional positive regard
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
227. A therapist is using cognitive restructuring to treat his client's depression. Which common goal of therapy does this technique focus on?
a) changing thoughts
b) changing emotions
c) changing relationships
d) changing biomedical chemistry
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
228. What is the difference between Ellis’ rational-emotive therapy and Beck’s cognitive therapy?
a) Ellis’ focuses on changing maladaptive thoughts while Beck’s focuses on changing maladaptive behaviour.
b) Ellis’ works on changing unconscious impulses while Beck’s works on changing conscious impulses.
c) Ellis’ treatment is for children while Beck’s treatment is for adults.
d) Ellis’ is good for treating anxiety and assertiveness issues while Beck’s is good for treating depression.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
229. Ellis is to Beck as treating _____ is/are to treating _____.
a) maladaptive thoughts; maladaptive behaviour.
b) unconscious impulses; conscious impulses.
c) children; adults.
d) anxiety; depression.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
230. Which is NOT a characteristic of Beck’s cognitive therapy?
a) teaching clients to recognize biased interpretations
b) teaching clients to recognize errors in logic
c) teaching clients to challenge their negative thoughts
d) teaching clients to face their fears
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
231. Which type of therapy focuses on helping depressed clients recognize and change their dysfunctional thoughts and ways of thinking?
a) rational-emotive therapy
b) Beck’s cognitive therapy
c) mindfulness
d) acceptance and commitment therapy
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
232. Dr. LaMarche is a psychotherapist who helps her clients identify their negative thoughts and errors in logic and helps them change their dysfunctional thoughts. Which of the following is most likely of Dr. LaMarche?
a) She is using a client-centred therapy approach.
b) She is using Beck’s cognitive therapy approach.
c) She is using Ellis’ rational-emotive therapy approach.
d) She is using an existential therapy approach.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
233. Which of the following is most likely something a cognitive therapist would say to a client who is suffering from depression?
a) Let us see if we can identify the irrational assumptions that make you feel depressed.
b) So, you think you are depressed because your mother withheld her love from you as a child?
c) Let us see if we can restructure your negative thoughts to become more positive.
d) Let me show you films of other people who are behaving as if they are happy.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
234. Beck’s cognitive therapy is most strongly recommended for people suffering from
a) depression.
b) anxiety disorders.
c) dissociative disorders.
d) schizophrenic disorders.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
235. What must be understood for cognitive therapy to be effective?
a) speed of human thought
b) content of human thought
c) how transference occurs
d) how classical conditioning works
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
236. According to Beck, clients who are depressed need to learn to ___.
a) identify and change their irrational assumptions
b) identify and change their negative thoughts and errors in logic
c) identify and change their behaviours that influence their thoughts
d) identify and change their negative emotional reactions to events in their lives
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
237. You are attending your first session with a new therapist. On his bookshelf, you see many books written by Beck. What type of therapy might you expect the therapist to use?
a) modelling therapy
b) rational-emotive therapy
c) cognitive therapy
d) acceptance and commitment therapy
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
238. Sarai has just begun attending sessions with a new therapist. For a month Sarai has been experiencing constant sadness, an overwhelming sense of hopelessness, and she worthless. She has no energy and has lost all interest in her former hobbies and team sports. Sarai’s therapist uses terms like “automatic thoughts,” “challenging dysfunctional thoughts,” and “cognitive triad.” Sarai’s therapist likely practices _____.
a) modelling therapy
b) rational-emotive therapy
c) cognitive therapy
d) acceptance and commitment therapy
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
239. Beck’s cognitive therapy is most like
a) Ellis’s rational emotive therapy.
b) Perls’s Gestalt therapy.
c) Roger’s client-centred therapy.
d) Skinner’s behavioural approach.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
240. Which of the following is FALSE about the cognitive model?
a) It has been found to be highly effective.
b) It is difficult to determine whether irrational thoughts are a cause or an effect of maladaptive behaviour.
c) Research has consistently found that there is indeed a link between maladaptive thoughts and maladaptive behaviour.
d) It is only applicable to the treatment of depression and has limited use in other areas.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
241. How do second-wave cognitive-behavioural therapies differ from the traditional cognitive-behavioural therapies of Beck and Ellis?
a) The second-wave therapies focus on accepting problematic thoughts rather than changing them.
b) The second-wave therapies take much less time to complete.
c) The second-wave therapies focus more on changing behaviour and less on changing thoughts.
d) The second-wave therapies incorporate psychopharmacological treatments as well as cognitive-behavioural therapies.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
242. Which of the following best expresses the primary way in which second-wave cognitive-behavioural therapies differ from Ellis’ and Beck’s therapies?
a) Second-wave therapies use homework assignments.
b) Second-wave therapies use cognitive restructuring.
c) Second-wave therapies teach clients to recognize and accept their problematic thoughts.
d) Second-wave therapies focus mainly on changing behaviours that cause illogical thoughts.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
243. Mindfulness is part of a broader treatment approach called _____.
a) rational-emotive therapy
b) client-centred therapy
c) cognitive therapy
d) acceptance and commitment therapy.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
244. All the following patients could be treated with mindfulness-based cognitive therapy EXCEPT
a) Corbin - depression.
b) Janelle - schizophrenia.
c) Ichika - PTSD.
d) Ralfs - personality disorders.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
245. Which of the following therapies is a second-wave cognitive-behavioural therapy?
a) rational-emotive therapy
b) systematic desensitization
c) Beck’s cognitive therapy
d) mindfulness
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
246. Bronwyn is suffering from road rage whenever she does her commute to and from work. She decides to seek therapy for the problem. If Bronwyn sees a second-wave cognitive-behavioural therapist, what is the focus of her therapy likely to be?
a) recognizing her unconscious feelings of inferiority and competitiveness
b) becoming mindful of her thoughts while she is raging and to learn to accept them
c) to relax while she is driving and do deep breathing
d) to think about her happy place, such as a private tropical beach
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
247. “When you are feeling anxious, I want you to be very mindful of your thoughts and recognize them as events of the mind.” If a therapist gave you this advice, which type of therapy would you be undergoing?
a) rational-emotive therapy
b) cognitive therapy
c) thought-focused therapy
d) mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
248. The therapy that helps clients become more mindful of their streams of thoughts is part of the broader treatment approach called
a) rational-emotive therapy.
b) cognitive therapy.
c) acceptance and commitment therapy.
d) systematic desensitization therapy.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
249. How do cognitive-behavioural therapies differ from behavioural therapies?
a) Cognitive-behavioural therapies are willing to accept unconscious influences on behaviour.
b) Cognitive-behavioural therapies focus on what is maintaining behaviour now, not what may have caused the behaviour originally.
c) Cognitive-behavioural therapies usually incorporate psychopharmacological treatments.
d) Cognitive-behavioural therapies focus more on changing maladaptive thought patterns and replacing them with constructive thoughts.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
250. How do second-wave cognitive-behavioural therapies differ from behavioural therapies?
a) Second-wave therapies focus on unconscious influences on behaviour.
b) Behaviourists use cognitive restructuring.
c) Behaviorists teach clients to recognize and accept their problematic thoughts.
d) Second-wave therapies focus mainly on changing behaviours that cause illogical thoughts.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
251. The most recent group of cognitive-behavioural therapies is called
a) systematic desensitization therapies.
b) rational-emotive therapies.
c) cognitive therapies.
d) second-wave therapies.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
252. Which of the following is true of acceptance and commitment therapy?
a) Clients identify irrational assumptions and change them into more constructive ways of viewing the world and themselves.
b) Clients acquire the ability to perform behaviours through a process of imitation and rehearsal.
c) Clients accept, rather than attempt to eliminate, their streams of thought.
d) genuineness
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
253. Eloise is contemplating going for therapy but does not know which kind of therapist to choose. She believes that her problem stems from her negative thinking patterns, and that she needs to work on changing those. What kind of therapy should Eloise choose?
a) psychoanalysis
b) existential therapy
c) behavioural therapy
d) cognitive-behavioural therapy
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
254. Ryuga is discussing cognitive-behavioural therapies with his psychology professor. His psychology professor points out that although it does not work for everyone, cognitive-behavioural therapy has been proven effective for treating many psychological problems. Ryuga points out one more limitation, impressing his professor. Which of the following was the limitation of cognitive-behavioural therapies that Ryuga pointed out?
a) It is not always clear that maladaptive thoughts are at the centre of any given problem.
b) Cognitive-behavioural therapies ignore unconscious thoughts as an influence on behaviour.
c) Cognitive-behavioural therapies focus on what is wrong with the individual instead of focusing on positive qualities.
d) Cognitive-behavioural therapies are very costly and take a long time.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
255. All the following have been identified as limitations of cognitive-behavioural therapies EXCEPT one. Which of the following is not a genuine limitation?
a) It is not always clear that maladaptive thoughts are at the centre of any given disorder.
b) Disturbed cognitive functioning is found in many disorders.
c) Cognitive-behavioural therapies have proven effective with only a narrow range of disorders.
d) In some cases, behavioural changes might be more important than cognitive changes.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
256. Disturbed cognitive functioning is
a) found in many disorders.
b) not a common feature of most disorders.
c) independent of behaviour.
d) best treated with psychotherapy rather than with biological treatments.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
257. Humanists believe that psychological disorders are rooted in
a) past emotional trauma.
b) learned behaviours.
c) dysfunctional thinking.
d) self-deceit.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
258. A therapist notices that his client is wringing her hands as she shares a seemingly mundane story about her mother. He says, "It seems like this story is making you pretty uncomfortable". Which approach to therapy is BEST demonstrated here?
a) humanistic
b) cognitive
c) behavioural
d) psychodynamic
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
259. What type of therapy would be most likely to use active listening as a method of exploring thoughts?
a) classical conditioning
b) client-centred therapy
c) dream analysis
d) virtual-reality therapy
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
260. Dr. Chan always assures his clients that they can say anything to him in the safety and sanctuary of the session room. He will never judge them, and no matter what they feel or do he will always be concerned about their well-being. What quality of humanistic therapy is Dr. Chan displaying?
a) unconditional positive regard
b) genuineness
c) empathy
d) active listening
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
261. Halfway through a therapy session, Song apologizes to her therapist for having difficulty expressing herself. Her therapist responds, “That’s all right. You just like to choose your words carefully.” Which quality is Song’s therapist displaying?
a) unconditional positive regard
b) accurate empathy
c) genuineness
d) assured trust and sincerity
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
262. A client reports to his client-centred therapist that he has cheated on his wife. The therapist, comments on his client’s behaviour, but refrains from judging the client and his actions. This represents _________________________.
a) skillful listening
b) unconditional positive regard
c) genuine positive acceptance
d) accurate empathy
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
263. Which of the following is a belief held by existential therapists?
a) Research strongly supports the effectiveness of existential therapy.
b) Research somewhat supports the effectiveness of existential therapy.
c) Research dehumanizes individuals so should not be conducted.
d) There is a greater need for research into the effectiveness of existential therapy.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
264. Which of the following therapists might advise a client that they can be happy if they were to choose a different path in life?
a) client-centred
b) Gestalt
c) cognitive-behavioural
d) existential
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
265. Fahad is suffering from depression after a series of negative events turned his life upside down. First his wife left him, then he lost his job, and he got in a car accident and broke his leg. Fahad’s therapist works with him on taking responsibility for some of the choices that led up to these negative events as a way for him to achieve personal freedom. What kind of therapy is Fahad attending?
a) existential therapy
b) Gestalt therapy
c) client-centred therapy
d) rational-emotive therapy
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
266. What therapeutic approach focuses on the optimistic belief that people are born with a natural inclination for goodness and growth?
a) cognitive-behavioural
b) existentialism
c) behaviourism
d) humanism
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
267. Which of the following is considered a humanistic therapy?
a) rational-emotive therapy
b) mindfulness
c) social skills training
d) client-centred therapy
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
268. Which of the following about humanistic theory is FALSE?
a) Humanistic therapists encourage people to change their irrational assumptions by actively challenging the client.
b) It is based on the idea that we naturally try to fulfill our potential for good, and for growth.
c) It is more optimistic about human nature than existentialism is.
d) Psychological dysfunction occurs when people habitually deceive themselves and create a distorted view about things that happen to them.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
269. What is an advantage of humanistic and existential therapies?
a) They have plenty of supportive evidence for their effectiveness.
b) They focus on ways that humans can better themselves by changing behaviour.
c) They emphasize factors that are important for positive functioning.
d) They have many different therapists from many diverse backgrounds.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
270. Takumi has spent his whole life lying to himself, and it has led to many problems as a result. He needs to learn to see himself for what he is, and then he needs to accept himself as that. What kind of therapy would help Takumi accomplish this goal?
a) psychoanalysis
b) behavioural therapy
c) cognitive-behavioural therapy
d) humanistic and existential therapies
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
271. Quinn has started seeing a humanistic therapist to help her deal with her depression. What is likely to be the goal of their therapy sessions?
a) to help Quinn to look at her situation more accurately and acceptingly
b) to uncover the unconscious conflicts that are leading to Quinn’s symptoms
c) to help Quinn change her maladaptive behaviour
d) to make Quinn accountable and responsible for her own happiness
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
272. Nadia has been seeing a humanist therapist. She feels a strong connection to her therapist and feels that he genuinely listens, is empathic, warm, and accepting. Nadia feels that this ongoing interaction has helped her to accept her own emotions, thoughts, and feelings. She knows that the criticism of this type of therapy is that it _____, but she does not care. She feels better.
a) focuses too much on unconscious aggressive impulses
b) is largely unsupported by empirical research
c) is only effective in combination with medications
d) takes years to see improvements.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
273. Rebecca is sitting with her therapist talking about why she ran away from home when she was 14 years old. Rebecca says she had no idea what to do at the time, then she asks her therapist what he would have done. The therapist replies honestly that he likely would have called the police first, but that he would have considered running. Her therapist is demonstrating
a) genuineness.
b) empathy.
c) unconditional positive regard.
d) active listening.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
274. The humanistic practice of genuineness is similar to the behavioural technique of modeling therapy in that
a) genuineness involves participant modeling, in which the client practices honest sharing in incremental steps.
b) through genuineness, humanistic therapists act as models of self-trust and honest self-expression.
c) genuineness involves the use of negative associations to discourage maladaptive behaviours.
d) through genuineness, humanistic therapists demonstrate ways to alleviate phobias.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
275. Rogers said that therapy must include three important qualities:
a) Existential questioning, acceptance, unconditional positive regard.
b) Cognitive restructuring, reflection, rehearsal.
c) Unconditional positive regard, accurate empathy, genuineness.
d) Transference, resistance, dream interpretation.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
276. Which of the following is NOT an important quality that Rogers believed therapists should display throughout therapy?
a) skillful frustration
b) genuineness
c) accurate empathy
d) unconditional positive regard
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
277. Which of the following would be an example of a therapist demonstrating accurate empathy?
a) Dan notices his client’s shaking hands, nervous gestures, and overall look of unease and says, "You were scared by that event".
b) Dan notices his client is becoming unsettled talking about her past experiences and assures her that she acted correctly.
c) Dan recognizes that his client is scared and tells him, "Everyone is scared at some point in their lives, and it is normal".
d) Dan recognizes his client’s discomfort with the topic, so he recounts a personal experience of his own on a similar topic.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
278. Dr. Ng is talking to one of his clients, who is describing her latest experience with depression. She explains that she was stressed and upset, and no matter what she tried everything went wrong. Dr. Ng confirms, "You were going through a stressful time, and it added to your feelings of loneliness". This is an example of
a) accurate empathy.
b) empathy.
c) conditional positive regard.
d) genuineness.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
279. Hitomu’s therapist is warm and accepting toward him. For example, when Hitomu told his therapist that he cheated on an exam, his therapist said, "You must have been very anxious to do well". What quality of therapy would Carl Roger’s say Hitomu’s therapist is demonstrating?
a) accurate empathy
b) unconditional positive regard
c) genuineness
d) self-actualization
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
280. After Maxime tells his therapist that he is seems to worry about a lot of unimportant things, his therapist responds with, “So you feel these things shouldn’t upset you, but they do anyway.” Which quality is Maxime’s therapist displaying?
a) unconditional positive regard
b) assured trust and sincerity
c) accurate empathy
d) genuineness
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
281. During a client-centered therapy session, Jacinda says, "The bride looked beautiful in her dress, and I couldn’t understand why I felt angry about that. I was crying because I was happy for her but also really mad." Which of the following is her therapist’s expected response?
a) "So, seeing the bride triggered feelings of great irritation".
b) "Please go on".
c) "And anger means what to you"?
d) "Did you challenge this negative thought pattern at that time"?
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
282. Which of the following statements is most likely to be said by a Rogerian therapist?
a) You did a wonderful thing; you are a nice person.
b) You are going to have trouble with people if you continue to do that.
c) I want you to think only positive thoughts about yourself.
d) It sounds like you believe that you should be happy, and you do not know why you’re unhappy.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
283. Radka tells her client-centred therapist that she is very afraid of her ex-husband whenever he flies into a rage and cannot stand him. Her therapist then states, “So you dislike your husband and are afraid of him.” This is an example of _________________________.
a) skillful listening
b) unconditional positive regard
c) genuineness
d) empathy
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
284. Tandy has been seeing Dr. Carol for four weeks. Over the past week she has relapsed into the negative thinking that compelled her to seek Dr. Carol’s assistance. Tandy is ashamed and hesitant to speak honestly with Dr. Carol because she anticipates his disappointment. If Dr. Carol takes a humanistic approach, what is his likely reaction?
a) Dr. Carol will assure Tandy that he does not judge her for her actions and invite her to discuss them with him.
b) Dr. Carol will advise Tandy that she has acted inappropriately, and she has not done the right thing by waiting so long to see him.
c) Dr. Carol will question Tandy’s resistance to his attempts to interpret the underlying causes of her anxieties.
d) Dr. Carol will ask Tandy to free associate about the word "shame" to evaluate the core cause of Tandy’s relapse.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
285. Jared was spearheading a group session. While in a round table, Jared immediately became aware of Janet’s discomfort when her shoulder twitched. Jared in turn offered a story about a real situation in which he had felt uncomfortable and intimidated in an intimate setting. What can be inferred about Jared from this particular session?
a) Jared employs empathy and genuineness with his clients.
b) Jared has unconditional positive regard and empathy for his clients.
c) Jared encourages free association and active listening in his sessions.
d) Jared employs REBT and cognitive restructuring in his sessions.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
286. Gestalt therapy was originated by
a) Carl Rogers.
b) Fritz Perls.
c) Abraham Maslow.
d) Albert Ellis.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
287. Gestalt therapy has recently been included in a group of treatments known as ___.
a) mindfulness-based therapies
b) acceptance and commitment therapies
c) client-centred therapies
d) emotion-focused therapies
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
288. Which of the following things would Gestalt therapy have in common with rational-emotive therapy?
a) intentionally frustrating clients
b) challenging clients’ perceptions
c) imposing rules on the therapeutic process
d) providing unconditional positive regard
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
289. Which of the following is NOT a technique that a Gestalt therapist would use?
a) role playing
b) exercises and games
c) skillful frustration
d) offering unconditional positive regard
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
290. Ben is going for therapy because of his depression. The therapist encourages him to fully express his emotions, even to an extreme degree. The therapist is probably
a) using rational-emotive therapy to help the client identify his irrational emotions.
b) using Gestalt Therapy to teach the client how to accept feelings that previously made him uncomfortable.
c) using Freudian therapy to facilitate free association.
d) using Rogerian therapy to encourage genuineness.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
291. Juan’s therapist consistently refuses to meet Juan’s expectations and demands. She is trying to help him gain insight into how often he tries to manipulate those around him to meet his own needs. To do this, Juan’s therapist is using a technique known as _____ which is part of _____ therapy.
a) role playing; behavioural
b) skillful frustration; Gestalt
c) rules; humanist
d) role playing; Gestalt
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
292. Aldiyar is in therapy to deal with the depression that has encompassed him since the death of his mother last year. He had never gotten along with his mother, but they were just starting to become friends right before she died. To deal with the guilt of their lost time together, the therapist has Adliyar pretend that his mother is sitting in the next chair and has him talk to her. What technique is the therapist using with Aldiyar?
a) skillful frustration
b) genuineness
c) role playing
d) rules
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
293. Tobias is in therapy and has been told that he cannot make any statement that are not “I” statements. For example, Tobias can say “I am very angry.” But he cannot say, “This session is making me angry.” Why is the therapist using rules with Tobias?
a) The therapist wants to establish dominance so Tobias will listen to her.
b) The therapist is creating structure so Tobias will trust her.
c) The therapist wants Tobias to examine himself closely.
d) The therapist structures each session in the exact same way for every client.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
294. Which of the following is NOT true of existential therapies?
a) They encourage clients to accept responsibility for their lives and problems.
b) They have recently been included in a group of treatments referred to as emotion-focused.
c) They help clients recognize their freedom to choose a different path.
d) They try to create an atmosphere of honesty, shared learning, and growth.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
295. Which of the following is an example of a client benefitting from client-centered therapy?
a) Xavier finds a real human connection with his therapist that allows him to see himself clearly for the first time in his life.
b) Malik finds self-understanding through the unlocking of his inner psyche and the dismantling of his defensive walls.
c) Makayla’s inner monologue is revealed as the source of her stymied life and the journey to redefining her perceptions.
d) Laila comes to understand how her negative thoughts have created an unpleasant attitude that permeates her entire life.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
296. Terrance is deciding which psychotherapeutic specialty to choose. He believes that every person has potential that can be met. He wants to be able to share his own experiences and positivity with others to help them find their way through their struggles. Which type of therapy would you suggest Terrance specialize in, and why?
a) Terrance should specialize in humanistic therapy because he shares the core qualities of Rogerian therapists.
b) Terrance should specialize in traditional psychoanalysis his own positivity probably came from his childhood and this life experience will allow him to help others to change their attitudes.
c) Terrance should specialize in short-term psychodynamic therapy because he has modern attitudes.
d) Terrance should specialize in cognitive therapy because it will allow him to use his own life experience to help others change the emotions driving their irrational beliefs.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
297. What is the difference between Rogers’ client-centred therapy and Gestalt therapy?
a) Gestalt therapy doesn’t strive to move clients toward self-recognition and self-acceptance.
b) Gestalt therapy takes much longer.
c) Gestalt therapy challenges and frustrates the client.
d) Gestalt therapy incorporates different kinds of therapy, such as art therapy and pet therapy.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
298. What is one reason that there is little evidence supporting the effectiveness of Gestalt therapy and client-centred therapy?
a) It is not an effective treatment.
b) Few researchers have been interested in this type of therapy.
c) Supporters of this type of therapy do not believe that experimental methods can properly test its effectiveness.
d) There have been few individuals willing to participate in these studies.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
299. Controlled research on client-centred therapy has found that ______________________.
a) client-centred therapy is of limited effectiveness
b) there is some evidence supporting the effectiveness of client-centred therapy
c) there is a considerable amount of empirical support for the therapeutic effectiveness of genuineness
d) therapeutic outcomes such as self-actualization and self-awareness are not difficult to test scientifically
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
300. Imagine a woman is seeking therapy to help her manage anxiety. Which of the following BEST demonstrates how behaviour therapies may be more beneficial than humanistic or cognitive-behavioural therapies in this case?
a) While humanistic or cognitive-behavioural therapies would likely focus on coping with the existing anxiety, behaviour therapies could be used to eliminate the destructive thoughts at the root of the anxiety.
b) Unlike humanistic or cognitive-behavioural therapies, behaviour therapies eliminate the need for a meaningful client-therapist relationship, which allows the anxious behaviour to be the true focus of therapy.
c) While humanistic or cognitive-behavioural therapies would likely involve a time-consuming focus on the cause of the anxiety, behaviour therapies could more efficiently replace the anxious behaviours with more adaptive behaviours.
d) Unlike humanistic or cognitive-behavioural therapies, behaviour therapies could create unpleasant associations with the anxious behaviour, which leads to a more immediate, lasting effect.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
301. When the therapist sees multiple clients at the same time, this is called
a) a self-help group.
b) couple therapy.
c) community treatment programs.
d) group therapy.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
302. Group therapy is effective for all the following reasons EXCEPT that
a) members often provide each other with models of appropriate behaviour.
b) members discover others who have similar problems.
c) members develop feelings of self-worth by helping others.
d) members feel more comfortable discussing issues without any trained professionals judging them.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
303. In what way might family therapy be helpful in treating an individual's disorder?
a) It helps families cope with their emotions surrounding the disorder.
b) It identifies similar interests and goals among family members.
c) It teaches family members how to provide a supportive environment.
d) It shows the patient that the entire family cares about his/her mental health.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
304. A teenager recently diagnosed with schizophrenia suffers from delusions that his parents are purposely sabotaging his future. How might family therapy be helpful to this young man?
a) It could help his parents separate their own mental health from his.
b) It could identify short- and long-term goals that he shares with his parents.
c) It could teach him that both of his parents care about his mental health.
d) It could help his parents learn supportive, beneficial ways to interact with him.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
305. Georgia is attending a therapy session for people who have been victims of violent crimes. There are roughly a dozen people in the group, and it is led by a clinical psychologist, who directs the members of the group. What kind of therapy is Georgia attending?
a) self-help group
b) group therapy
c) family therapy
d) couple therapy
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
306. After her divorce, Raegan joined a group of other divorced women. The group is led by a clinical psychologist, who directs the members of the group. Reagan finds all the following helpful about the group EXCEPT one of the options below. Which is INCORRECT?
a) She learns to express her feelings.
b) She learns that others have similar problems.
c) In this atmosphere of solidarity, she learns to take risks and accept criticism.
d) Since negative criticism is not allowed, she has gained self-confidence.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
307. A single mother struggling to keep her family afloat seeks psychiatric treatment for depression. She demonstrates several symptoms, so the psychiatrist prescribes antidepressants and asks her to see him again in six weeks. What effective alternative to medication could the psychiatrist have recommended instead?
a) virtual reality therapy
b) parent support group
c) modeling therapy
d) psychosurgery
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
308. Group therapy originated because of
a) demands for cheaper forms of therapy.
b) demands for time-saving alternatives to individual therapy.
c) a loss of confidence in healthcare professionals.
d) the emerging emphasis on humanistic therapy.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
309. Liam has an addiction to alcohol, and he has had no success in handling this problem on his own. He is considering attending Alcoholics Anonymous because this program uses a __________ format that Liam believes will be helpful to him.
a) group therapy
b) aversion therapy
c) individual therapy
d) biomedical therapy
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
310. Isaiah has been having difficulties with his parents, who are both emotionally controlling. Every Thursday Isaiah meets with a therapist. His sister is usually there with him, as well as a number of other people who struggle with controlling family relationships. What type of therapy is Isaiah involved in?
a) group therapy
b) a self-help group
c) family therapy
d) community therapy
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
311. Kajetan has been working through the grief of her husband’s death. She needs structure and wants to talk to someone who can help. Her friends and family have tried to support her, but she does not feel like anyone really understands. What would be the BEST suggestion you could provide for Kajetan?
a) Kajetan should consider going to group therapy to connect with other people who have also lost a spouse.
b) Kajetan should consider online counseling, as this will allow her to talk to a professional without the discomfort of face-to-face therapy.
c) Kajetan should consider going to a psychiatrist who can correct the underlying chemical imbalance prolonging her depression.
d) Kajetan should consider family therapy in order to work though the problems she is having with her other family members.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
312. Olivier is a new member of the self-help group Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). Over the past few weeks, Olivier has discovered that many other people have similar problems; this realization that he is NOT alone is helping him through his recovery. Which of the following curative features of group therapy is Olivier responding to?
a) guidance
b) group cohesiveness
c) universality
d) catharsis
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
313. Romy is a new member of Narcotics Anonymous (NA). She listens as other members tell of their experiences and how they overcame their challenges. Romy hears many strategies that might help her fight her addiction to drugs. Which curative feature of group therapy is Romy responding to?
a) guidance
b) universality
c) identification
d) altruism
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
314. Which of the following is an alternative to individual therapy?
a) existential therapy
b) psychodynamic therapy
c) family therapy
d) client-centred therapy
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
315. Which of the following is true about family therapy?
a) The entire family meets with the therapist at the same time.
b) The family is treated as one unit, rather than as a group of individuals.
c) Family therapists tend to use an eclectic approach.
d) Family therapy is not generally as effective as individual therapy.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
316. In what way is family therapy like couple therapy?
a) They both work with people who are part of a larger unit, and the goal is to improve the unit.
b) They both focus on one problematic individual who is part of a larger unit.
c) They both work by challenging individuals to justify their actions.
d) They both are more effective if applied with a cognitive-behavioural therapist.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
317. Approximately ___ of couples in couple’s therapy display improved marital functioning.
a) one-fourth
b) one-third
c) half
d) two-thirds
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
318. When Josie and Davad entered couples’ therapy, the therapist wanted to talk to both at the same time. Josie and Davad wanted to discuss the issues that caused them to argue and wanted the therapist to help them resolve those issues. Instead, the therapist focused on
a) how Josie and Davad’s arguments were Josie’s fault because of her pessimistic style of interaction.
b) problematic communication or interaction patterns established by Josie and Davad that repeated during these disagreements.
c) how Josie and Davad should focus on personal fulfillment for their own sakes and for the sake of the relationship.
d) Josie and Davad’s irrational thinking, pointing out that conflict exists in all relationships.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
319. Greg and his partner have been going through a rough patch lately and have decided to seek therapy. What kind of therapy will they be attending?
a) self-help group
b) group therapy
c) family therapy
d) couple therapy
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
320. Gia has a problem with alcohol and has decided to seek help. She finds a local Alcoholics Anonymous and attends one of their meetings, just to check it out. She notices that there are roughly a dozen people at the meeting, all of them alcoholics, and that there is no counsellor. What kind of therapy would this be considered?
a) self-help group
b) community mental health treatment
c) family therapy
d) group therapy
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
321. Which of the following is NOT a reason for the increased popularity of self-help groups?
a) People have lost confidence in the ability of clinicians to help with their problems.
b) People find a group less threatening than individual therapy.
c) People feel that group therapy is less stigmatizing than individual therapy.
d) Research has shown group therapy to be more effective than individual therapy.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
322. Which of the following is NOT a reason why self-help groups are so popular?
a) They address a wide variety of issues.
b) Research has proven their effectiveness.
c) Many participants have lost confidence in the ability of clinicians to help with their problem.
d) They are less threatening and stigmatizing than traditional therapy.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
323. What is the difference between group therapy and a self-help group?
a) Group therapy lasts longer.
b) Group therapy requires more of a commitment.
c) Group therapy is for more serious problems.
d) Group therapy is led by a professional clinician.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
324. How are group therapy and self-help groups alike?
a) Both are based on psychodynamic principles.
b) Both have empirical support regarding their effectiveness.
c) Both are made of people with similar problems who help and support one another.
d) Both are led by a professional clinician.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
325. According to family systems theory,
a) families are often disrupted by the maladaptive behaviour of an individual member.
b) families actively conspire to make one person the scapegoat for all the family’s problems.
c) many of the problems in modern society are caused by a breakdown of the traditional family system.
d) for one family member to change, the family system must be changed.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
326. Community based treatments include
a) community health centres, community day programs and group homes.
b) community group therapy, homeless shelters, and group homes.
c) community health centres, homeless shelters, and individual intervention.
d) community day programs, homeless shelters, and substance abuse rehabilitation.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
327. Community workers identify several types of prevention. Which type of prevention is appropriately matched to its description?
a) primary prevention >> improve community functioning and policies
b) secondary prevention >> providing effective treatment immediately so that moderate to severe disorders do not become chronic
c) tertiary prevention >> government intervention
d) quaternary prevention >> detecting and treating psychological disorders in the early stages
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
328. Gabrielle is making a sign for the new community mental health treatment centre that is opening, and she can put one word only on the sign. What would be the best single word to summarize the goal of the community mental health treatment centre?
a) redemption
b) cooperation
c) prevention
d) rehabilitation
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
329. Adrian has schizophrenia. He lives in a group home and attends a community day program. The function of _____ is _____.
a) community treatment; prevention
b) mental health constraints; control
c) community care: rehabilitation
d) overseeing mental health; coping
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
330. At the secondary prevention level of community treatment, the goal is to
a) detect and treat psychological disorders at the preliminary stages before they reach serious levels.
b) provide effective treatment immediately so that moderate or severe disorders do not become long-term problems.
c) improve community functioning and policies.
d) prevent psychological disorders altogether.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
331. The Thunder Bay Board of Education has just launched a smoking awareness program to try to reduce the number of students who start smoking. This is an example of ___ prevention.
a) primary
b) secondary
c) tertiary
d) educational
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
332. Manato works in a community mental health treatment centre at the secondary level of prevention. Which of the following could be Manato’s responsibility?
a) teaching police how to identify people with psychological disorders
b) distributing medications to homeless people with schizophrenia
c) improving the school lunch program
d) identifying preschools in need of more staff and resources
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
333. Dr. Brently works in a community mental health treatment centre at the primary level of prevention. Which of the following could be Dr. Brently’s responsibility?
a) detecting psychological disorders
b) treating psychological disorders
c) improving community functioning and policies on childcare
d) giving priority to chronic problems
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
334. What is the difference between the secondary and tertiary types of prevention identified by community workers?
a) Secondary prevention consists of efforts to improve community functioning, while tertiary prevention consists of detecting and treating problems in the early stages.
b) Secondary prevention involves detecting and treating problems in the early stages, while tertiary prevention involves treating current problems.
c) Secondary prevention provides treatment to current problems, while tertiary prevention provides efforts to prevent problems altogether.
d) Secondary prevention aims to prevent problems altogether, while tertiary prevention provides efforts to improve community functioning.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
335. Which of the following would be an example of primary prevention?
a) A new walk-in clinic is built to reduce people’s reliance on hospital emergency rooms.
b) After it becomes clear that Simon’s “social drinking” is problem drinking, Simon’s partner gets rid of all the alcohol in the home, so their teenagers cannot start experimenting.
c) Morgan is enrolled in a diabetes support group to assist her in managing her condition.
d) Various associations attempting to reduce spinal cord injuries lobby the government to pass bicycle helmet laws for children.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
336. What is the goal of tertiary prevention?
a) to reach out to clients rather than waiting for them to reach out
b) to detect and treat psychological disorders in the early stages
c) to provide effective treatment so serious disorders do not become chronic
d) to improve community functioning and policies
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
337. Research that looks at the effectiveness of various kinds of treatments are known as
a) therapy outcome studies.
b) clinically significant inquiries.
c) prognostic examinations.
d) treatment effectiveness research.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy
Section Reference: Does Therapy Work?
338. Which of the following is NOT one of the four questions that is typically asked in a therapy outcome study?
a) Are specific therapies especially effective for specific problems?
b) How can therapy be improved upon?
c) How effective are therapies?
d) Is therapy equally effective across race and gender?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy
Section Reference: Does Therapy Work?
339. Dr. Koskinen is examining the effectiveness of a new type of cognitive therapy to treat anxiety. He compares clients who use the new therapy to clients who do not. What kind of study is this?
a) clinical significance
b) therapy outcome study
c) treatment prognosis
d) therapeutic significance
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy
Section Reference: Does Therapy Work?
340. Dr. Schmid is a highly successful therapist. Which of the following would she NOT do?
a) try to build a sense of self-mastery in clients
b) provide feedback to clients
c) focuses on a particular orientation
d) help clients focus on own thoughts and behaviour
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy
Section Reference: Does Therapy Work?
341. According to a meta-analysis of 375 separate controlled studies on the effectiveness of various therapies, results showed that the average therapy client was better off than ___ of untreated control clients.
a) 50%
b) 65%
c) 75%
d) 90%
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy.
Section Reference: Does Therapy Work?
342. Which of the following statements about the effectiveness of therapies is true?
a) People who receive therapy are better off than 75% of people in the non-treatment control group.
b) Therapy is effective in the short term but tends to wear off in about 6 months.
c) It is very difficult to study the effectiveness of therapeutic outcomes because of patient confidentiality.
d) People in therapy improve about one-third of the time.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy
Section Reference: Does Therapy Work?
343. What is NOT a goal of the evidence-based treatment movement?
a) to propose treatment guidelines for effective treatments
b) to communicate proven therapies to clinicians
c) to identify which therapies are proven effective for specific disorders
d) to simplify the integration and eclecticism among psychotherapists
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy
Section Reference: Does Therapy Work?
344. Which of the following types of therapy is most effective at treating specific phobias?
a) psychodynamic therapy
b) behaviour therapy
c) humanistic therapy
d) drug therapy
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy
Section Reference: Does Therapy Work?
345. Ameer suffers from an intense fear of snakes. It has gotten so extreme that she cannot go outside in the summer for fear that a snake will be there. Which type of therapy should Ameer try?
a) behaviour therapy
b) cognitive-behavioural therapy
c) existential therapy
d) drug therapy
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy
Section Reference: Does Therapy Work?
346. Ilya must fly to Europe for work but has a fear of flying. Which of the following would be most effective in helping Ilya overcome his fear?
a) humanistic therapy
b) cognitive-behavioural therapy
c) behavioural therapy
d) group therapy
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Does Therapy Work?
347. Which of the following types of therapy is most effective at treating generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder?
a) psychodynamic therapy
b) humanistic therapy
c) cognitive-behavioural therapy
d) drug therapy
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy
Section Reference: Does Therapy Work?
348. Katerina has been diagnosed with depression. Which of the following would likely be most effective in treating Katerina?
a) humanistic therapy
b) cognitive-behavioural therapy
c) drug therapy
d) drug therapy and cognitive-behavioural therapy combined
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Does Therapy Work?
349. Franklyn has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Which of the following would be most effective in helping Franklyn control his symptoms?
a) drug therapy
b) cognitive-behavioural therapy
c) behavioural therapy
d) humanistic therapy
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Does Therapy Work?
350. Which of the following is NOT a goal of culture-sensitive and gender-sensitive therapy?
a) teaching clients how to change to fit in with either the ethnic minority group, or the male-oriented society
b) increasing awareness of the impact of both the minority and majority cultures on the person’s behaviours and self-concept
c) helping clients express suppressed anger and pain
d) helping clients achieve a bicultural (or gender) balance that works for them
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy
Section Reference: Does Therapy Work?
351. _____ seek to address the unique issues faced by members of cultural majority groups by _____.
a) Cultural dynamic therapies; helping clients achieve a personal bicultural balance
b) Culture-specific therapies; helping clients assimilate with majority culture
c) Global-cultural therapies; helping clients assimilate with majority culture
d) Culture-sensitive therapies; helping clients achieve a personal bicultural balance
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy
Section Reference: Does Therapy Work?
352. Heidi is having a difficult time coping with the stress of her daily life. She juggles being ‘mom’ with her career all the time, and although she has the support of her husband, her parents do not agree with her choice to work. If Heidi wanted to see a therapist to help her with the pressures of being female, she should seek
a) social skills training.
b) mindfulness.
c) feminist therapy.
d) culture-sensitive therapy.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy
Section Reference: Does Therapy Work?
353. Which statement is most accurate when considering gender and therapy in today’s Western culture?
a) Both men and women have increased demands as a result of their multiple roles.
b) Neither sex has increased demands as a result of their multiple roles.
c) Men typically have more demands as a result of their multiple roles.
d) Women typically have more demands as a result of their multiple roles.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy
Section Reference: Does Therapy Work?
354. Regardless of where they live in the world, which of the following is true of racial minorities who attend therapy compared to members of majority groups?
a) They are more likely to use mental health services.
b) They typically show less improvement.
c) They stay in therapy longer.
d) They are more likely to try drug therapy.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy
Section Reference: Does Therapy Work?
355. Huan is from a racial minority group and is suffering from depression. Which of the following is NOT likely to be his experience with therapy?
a) He will make less use of mental health services than someone who is not a racial minority.
b) He will have difficulties communicating his thoughts to his therapist due to a language barrier.
c) He will stop therapy sooner than someone who is not a racial minority.
d) He will show less improvements in therapy than someone who is not a racial minority.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy
Section Reference: Does Therapy Work?
356. Which of the following is NOT true regarding members of ethic or minority groups and therapy?
a) They show less improvement in clinical treatment.
b) They make less use of mental health services.
c) They prefer to see a therapist of their own ethnic origin or minority group.
d) They stop therapy sooner than members of majority groups.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy
Section Reference: Does Therapy Work?
357. Dr. Sato is a therapist who is keeping up with modern times. If this is true, then in what way should her therapy be progressing?
a) She should be using more drugs with her clients.
b) She should be focusing on the health of the body along with the health of the mind.
c) She should be ending her therapy career and begin teaching others what she has learned.
d) She should specialize in a specific psychotherapeutic perspective.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy
Section Reference: Does Therapy Work?
358. Dr. Kobayashi is a therapist who is keeping up with modern times. If this is true, then in what way should his therapy be progressing?
a) He should use more drugs with his clients.
b) He should enlarge his practice to include a greater number of group therapy sessions.
c) He should become part of the evidence-based treatment movement.
d) He should specialize in a specific psychotherapeutic perspective.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy
Section Reference: Does Therapy Work?
359. Which of the following is the best description of what an eclectic therapist might do?
a) Avoid interpretation because it is ineffective.
b) Use electroshock therapy on clients with moderate depression.
c) Use a variety of treatment approaches based on the needs of the client.
d) Avoid medications because they interfere with a patient's level of consciousness in therapy.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy
Section Reference: Does Therapy Work?
360. Józef used several approaches in his practice. He leaned heavily toward behavioural approaches when dealing with patients with phobias but used more cognitive-behavioural approaches when working with patients with panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder or depression. He also referred his patients to a physician for drug therapy in cases of bipolar or treatment resistant depression. Józef also has a group for divorced single fathers. Józef’s integration of psychotherapeutic approaches is referred to as
a) eclectic.
b) multimodal.
c) multidimensional.
d) biopsychosocial.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy
Section Reference: Does Therapy Work?
361. Of all the diverse types of therapy, what does research argue is the best one to use?
a) behaviour therapy
b) cognitive-behaviour therapy
c) drug therapy
d) it depends on the disorder being treated
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy
Section Reference: Does Therapy Work?
362. Research indicates that when treating patients, therapists find that
a) using a uniform approach is most successful.
b) patients will not typically be cured by therapy alone.
c) long-term treatment is more effective than short-term treatment.
d) short-term treatment is more effective than long-term treatment.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy
Section Reference: Does Therapy Work?
363. Overall, is therapy effective?
a) No, most people who go to therapy show no improvement.
b) Yes, most people who go to therapy are glad that they did.
c) Yes, most people who go to therapy live longer than people who did not go to therapy.
d) Yes, most people who go to therapy are better off than people who did not go to therapy.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy
Section Reference: Does Therapy Work?
MATCHING QUESTION
364. Match the appropriate words in the left column to the definitions in the right column.
Terms A. Catharsis B. Free association C. Lobotomy D. Deep brain stimulation E. Trephining F. Transference G. Resistance H. Vagus nerve stimulation I. Electroconvulsive therapy J. Group therapy K. Cognitive therapy L. Rational-emotive therapy M. Social skills training N. Modelling O. Existential therapy P. Gestalt therapy Q. Token economy R. Systematic desensitization | ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ | Definitions 1. Therapy in which therapists serve as models to help clients acquire desired social behaviours. 2. Therapy that encourages clients to accept responsibility for their lives and their problems. 3. Step-by-step process aimed at teaching people with phobias to react with calm instead of fear to the objects they dread. 4. Prehistoric practice of chipping a hole in the skull as a treatment for various brain conditions. 5. Therapy that moves clients toward self-recognition and self-acceptance by challenging and frustrating them. 6. Reliving of past repressed feelings as means of settling internal conflicts. 7. Therapy that help clients identify the irrational assumptions that seem to govern their behavioural and emotional responses. 8. When clients encounter a block in their free associations or change the subject to avoid a potentially painful discussion. 9. Surgical practice of cutting the connections between the frontal lobe and the lower centres of the brain. |
ANSWERS TO MATCHING QUESTION
1. M: Social skills training
2. O: Existential therapy
3. R: Systematic desensitization
4. E: Trephining
5. P: Gestalt therapy
6. A: Catharsis
7. L: Rational-emotive therapy
8. G: Resistance
9. C: Lobotomy
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
FILL-IN-THE-BLANK
365. Studies estimate that ___ percent or more of people with psychological disorders NEVER seek treatment.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize different types of treatment.
Section Reference: Treatment in Today’s World
366. In the clinical field today there are, by some estimates, more than ___ forms of therapy, each practised by clinicians who believe that their chosen methodology is highly effective.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize different types of treatment.
Section Reference: Treatment in Today’s World
367. Drugs that act primarily on the brain to relieve the symptoms of mental disorders are referred to as ___ drugs.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
368. ___ antipsychotic drugs are NOT as likely to produce unpleasant and dangerous effects as traditional antipsychotic drugs.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
369. The prehistoric practice of chipping a hole in the skull of a person who behaved in an atypical manner was called ___.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
370. Freud believed that psychodynamic therapists should take on the role of a ___ during a treatment session.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
371. In dream analysis, the ___ content refers to the consciously remembered dream, whereas the ___ content refers to the symbolic meaning.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
372. The step-by-step process by which phobias are treated using classical conditioning is known as ___.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
373. Systematic desensitization is used to treat ___.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
374. Pointing out the social deficits of clients, and then role playing in social situations are steps used in ___ training.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
375. Programs in which desirable behaviours are rewarded with tokens that can be traded for food, privileges, or other rewards are called ___ programs.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
376. Ellis theorized that some people’s ___ assumptions guide them to act and react in ways that are inappropriate.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
377. Beck’s approach to cognitive therapy is mostly used to treat ___.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
378. Cognitive-behavioural therapies have proved very effective for treating ___.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
379. Gestalt techniques have been included in a group of other treatments that refer to themselves as ___ focused.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
380. After World War II when the demand for psychological services grew, ___ therapy became popular.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
381. The divorce rate in North America and Europe is approximately ___.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
382. Today’s clinicians may combine ___ approaches when treating disorders.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy.
Section Reference: Does Therapy Work?
SHORT ANSWER ESSAY QUESTIONS
383. What percentage of individuals treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) experience symptom relief?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
384. Name two side effects of patients who underwent lobotomies?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
385. What psychological phenomenon is exhibited when patients act and feel toward the therapist as they do toward influential figures in their lives, past and present?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
386. What experience of reliving past, repressed feelings, is believed to be a method of gaining insight?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
387. List the three categories of behavioural techniques.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
388. What is the list of feared objects or situations that are used in systematic desensitization called?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
389. What concept describes the situation in which a desirable behaviour is rewarded with the presentation of an object that can later be exchanged for food or other rewards?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
390. In what settings do token economies typically occur?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
391. What are the greatest strengths of the behavioural model of treatment?
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
392. What did Ellis believe led to abnormal functioning?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
393. What three qualities did Rogers believe must be displayed by a therapist in client-centred therapy?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
394. List 2 techniques that are commonly used by Gestalt therapists.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
395. Intense emotional expression may result when individuals engage in which Gestalt technique?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
396. What type of group therapy meets without the direct leadership of a professional clinician?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
397. Describe the four questions that are addressed in therapy outcome studies.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy.
Section Reference: Does Therapy Work?
ESSAY QUESTIONS
398. Compare the psychotherapy and biological therapy approach to treating psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize different types of treatment.
Section Reference: Treatment in Today’s World
399. Describe the ways that people enter therapy.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize different types of treatment.
Section Reference: Treatment in Today’s World
400. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of psychodynamic therapy.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize different types of treatment.
Section Reference: Treatment in Today’s World
401. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of behaviour therapy.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain who receives treatment for psychological problems today, how they enter treatment, and what general features characterize different types of treatment.
Section Reference: Treatment in Today’s World
402. How can transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) be used to treat depression?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
403. Describe the procedures used in the vagus nerve stimulation treatment of depression.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
404. Describe the shortcomings of the biological approach to treating mental disorders.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
405. How do antidepressant drugs restore brain activity to normal levels?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major biological treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Biological Treatments
406. Discuss the similarities between Freudian psychoanalysis, short-term psychodynamic therapy, and relational psychoanalytic therapy.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
407. Describe the role of the therapist in relational psychoanalytic therapy.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
408. Describe short-term psychodynamic therapy and the concept of a dynamic focus.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
409. Describe the technique of “working through.”
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the psychodynamic treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Psychodynamic Therapies
410. Describe aversion therapy and provide an example.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
411. Describe the criticisms of the behavioural approach to therapy.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the behavioural treatments for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Behavioural Therapies
412. Describe the limitations of the cognitive-behavioural approach to therapy.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
413. Describe the rational-emotive therapy technique.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
414. Describe second-wave cognitive-behavioural therapy and give an example of it.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe cognitive-behavioural therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies
415. Describe the characteristics of Gestalt therapy.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
416. Describe existential therapy. How is the concept of freedom addressed?
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
417. Compare the humanistic approach and existential approach to therapy.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the humanistic and existential therapies for psychological disorders.
Section Reference: Humanistic and Existential Therapies
418. Describe the curative features of successful forms of group therapy.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
419. What are the three types of prevention related to community mental health treatment? Describe how they differ.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
420. What kind of issues or problems can be effectively addressed in a self-help group?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe commonly used formats of therapy.
Section Reference: Formats of Therapy
421. Discuss the behaviours and characteristics of successful therapists.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy.
Section Reference: Does Therapy Work?
422. Describe the evidence-based treatment movement.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy.
Section Reference: Does Therapy Work?
423. What kind of questions should an individual ask when choosing a therapist?
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Summarize research on the effectiveness of therapy.
Section Reference: Does Therapy Work?
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