Ch.15 Exam Prep Phycological Disorders Ogden - Test Bank | Psychology Around Us 4e by Nancy Ogden. DOCX document preview.
CHAPTER 15
PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS
CHAPTER LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
- The study of psychological disorders is usually called abnormal psychology. Abnormal psychological functioning is a wide-ranging problem in this country.
- Definitions of psychological disorders often include the “four Ds”—deviance, distress, dysfunction, and danger.
- The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) (current version DSM-5) is the leading classification system in North America.
2. Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
- Clinicians use several major models to explain abnormal functioning, including the neuroscience, psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioural, humanistic-existential, socio-cultural, and developmental psychopathology models.
- The neuroscience model views abnormal functioning as a result of malfunctions in brain structure or chemical activity. Malfunctions can be caused by injuries or other factors, including genetics or viruses.
- Psychodynamic theorists view abnormal functioning as the result of unconscious conflicts that may have originated in our early development. Freud focused on fixations during the oral, anal, and phallic stages of development, while other theorists have focused on difficulties in ego development or our relationships with others.
- Behavioural theorists propose that abnormal behaviours develop via the same processes as more adaptive behaviours: classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and modelling. Cognitive theorists believe that abnormal functioning can result from disordered thoughts, including basic irrational assumptions, specific upsetting thoughts, and illogical thinking processes.
- Humanists suggest that people are vulnerable to psychological disorders when they develop inaccurate views of their worth or goals in life. Existentialist therapies focus on helping clients discover their personal freedom of choice and take responsibility for making choices.
- According the socio-cultural model, abnormal behaviour is best understood in light of the social, cultural, and family forces brought to bear on an individual. Important factors include social change, socio-economic class membership, cultural background, social networks, and family systems.
- Developmental psychopathology theorists are interested in how psychological disorders evolve, based on both genetics and early childhood experiences, and on how those early patterns affect people’s functioning as they move through later life stages.
3. Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
- The key features in mood disorders are depression—a low, sad state—and mania—a state of breathless euphoria. Most people with a mood disorder suffer only from depression.
- People with major depressive disorder suffer a variety of symptoms, including feelings of sadness and lack of interest, low levels of activity and productivity, negative views of themselves and their lives, and physical ailments.
- Today’s leading explanations for major depressive disorder point to neuroscientific, psychological, or socio-cultural factors. Many theorists believe that the various explanations should be combined.
- People with bipolar disorder experience not only the lows of depression, but also the highs of mania. In the manic state, they want constant excitement. They tend to show poor judgment and planning, hold inflated opinions of themselves, and show a great deal of energy.
- Although genes and biological factors appear to play key roles in the development of bipolar disorder, there is growing evidence that stress and certain kinds of environmental events also must occur in order for episodes to unfold.
4. Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
- As a group, anxiety disorders are the most common mental disorders in North America. Often, people with one type of anxiety disorder have another type as well.
- People with generalized anxiety disorder experience persistent feelings of worry and anxiety. Some cognitive theorists suggest that this disorder arises in people who hold certain dysfunctional or irrational assumptions, while others focus on the individual’s intolerance of uncertainty. An important neuroscience explanation focuses on gamma-aminobutyric acid, a neurotransmitter involved in fear reactions.
- People with social anxiety disorder display severe, persistent, and irrational fears of social or performance situations. Some socio-cultural factors appear to be involved.
- People with phobias have a persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation. Behavioural principles, including classical conditioning and modelling, provide the leading explanations for specific phobias.
- People with panic disorder have recurrent attacks of terror. These panic attacks are sometimes accompanied by agoraphobia—a fear of venturing into public places. A neuroscience-cognitive explanation of the disorder focuses on physical sensations produced by malfunctioning brain circuitry, which are then misinterpreted.
- People with obsessive-compulsive disorder feel overrun by recurrent thoughts that cause anxiety (obsessions) and by the need to perform repetitive actions to reduce this anxiety (compulsions). While cognitive-behavioural theorists focus on the role of learning in these behaviours, neuroscientists focus on abnormally low levels of serotonin or abnormal functioning in specific brain regions.
- People with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are tormented by fear and related symptoms well after a horrifying event has ended. Although extraordinary trauma causes the disorder, not everyone who experiences such trauma develops PTSD. Differences in biological processes, personalities, childhood experiences, social support systems, and cultural backgrounds make people more or less likely to respond to trauma by developing the disorder.
5. Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
- Schizophrenia is a disorder in which people deteriorate into a world of unusual perceptions, odd thoughts, disturbed emotions, and motor abnormalities. These people experience psychosis, a loss of contact with reality.
- Positive symptoms of schizophrenia are “pathological excesses” in behaviour. They include delusions, disorganized thinking and speech, hallucinations, and inappropriate affect.
- Negative symptoms, or “pathological deficits,” include poverty of speech, flat affect, loss of volition, and social withdrawal.
- People with schizophrenia also sometimes experience unusual psychomotor symptoms, which in their most extreme form are collectively called catatonia.
- Many theorists believe that people inherit a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia. Two kinds of brain abnormalities might be inherited—biochemical abnormalities and abnormal brain structure.
- Although neuroscience explanations of schizophrenia have received by far the most research support, psychological and socio-cultural factors may help to bring about schizophrenia in people with a biological predisposition to develop it.
6. Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
- Somatic symptom and related disorders include five diagnoses: somatic symptom disorder, illness anxiety disorder, conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder), psychological factors affecting other medical conditions, and factitious disorder.
- Somatic symptom and related disorders are thought to result from classical conditioning, modelling, or misinterpretation of bodily cues, similar to anxiety disorders. Cognitive theorists suggest that people with one of these types of disorders are extremely sensitive to bodily cues and come to misinterpret them.
- Changes in memory that lack a physical cause are called dissociative disorders. DSM-5 includes three major dissociative disorders: dissociative amnesia, depersonalization/derealization disorder, and dissociative identity disorder. In dissociative amnesia, people are unable to recall important information about their lives. In depersonalization/derealization disorder, stress alters perceptions, detaching the self from the body. In dissociative fugue, people not only forget their identities and their past lives, but also flee to a different location. In dissociative identity disorder, people develop two or more distinct personalities.
- Psychodynamic theorists believe that dissociative disorders are caused by repression, the most basic ego defence mechanism, but this view has not received strong research support.
- People with antisocial personality disorder persistently disregard and violate others’ rights. Because of their potentially negative behaviour, such as lying, impulsiveness, and recklessness, they are frequently found in prison. According to behavioural theorists, this disorder can be learned through various means. Neuroscience explanations focus on brain factors, such as low serotonin levels, deficient frontal lobe functioning, and low arousal in response to warnings.
- People with borderline personality disorder display great instability, including major shifts in mood, an unstable self-image, and impulsivity. This disorder is not well understood, but a recent biosocial theory proposes that it results from a combination of internal and external forces.
TRUE-FALSE STATEMENTS
1. The rates of psychological disorders in most other countries are lower than those in Canada.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
2. There is no universally accepted definition of abnormal behaviour.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
3. Most eccentric people suffer from psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
4. When a person feels upset by their negative thoughts and feelings and the impact they may be having on their life, they may be described as feeling distress.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
5. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, (DSM-5) provides symptoms for approximately 400 mental disorders.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
6. Low levels of dopamine are linked to depression.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
7. Cognitive-behavioural theorists view emotions and biological events as unimportant to understanding the development of abnormal functioning.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
8. According to the behavioural perspective, abnormal behaviours are acquired by the same principles of learning as adaptive behaviours.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
9. According to Freud, abnormal behaviour results when a child becomes fixated at an early stage of development.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
10. Gender and racial prejudice and discrimination may contribute to certain forms of abnormal functioning.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
11. Men are more than twice as likely to experience major depressive disorders than are women.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
12. Most people who recover from major depressive disorder have at least one other episode of depression later in their life.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
13. People with depression have been found to have elevated levels of cortisol.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
14. People whose lives are isolated and without intimacy are less prone to becoming depressed in times of stress.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
15. People who are separated or divorced display lower rates of depression than married persons and people who have NEVER been married.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
16. According to most studies, bipolar disorders are equally common in women and men and among all socio-economic classes and ethnic groups.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
17. Generalized anxiety disorder is diagnosed more frequently among men than among women.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
18. Studies have found that people with generalized anxiety disorder display a greater intolerance of uncertainty than people with normal degrees of anxiety.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
19. Panic disorder is at least twice as common among men as among women.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
20. Around 21% of all people over 15 years of age have suffered from a panic attack at some point in their lives.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
21. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is equally common in men and women, and among people of different races and ethnic groups.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
22. People with OCD experience intrusive thoughts more often than other people.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
23. Surveys indicate that a PTSD lifetime prevalence rate of 9.2 percent of people in Canada.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
24. The symptoms of acute stress disorder and PTSD are almost identical.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
25. Women are at least twice as likely as men to develop stress disorders.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
26. People whose social and family support systems are weak are less likely to develop a stress disorder after a traumatic event.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
27. Equal numbers of men and women are diagnosed with schizophrenia.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
28. Women with a history of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or major depressive disorder are particularly vulnerable to postpartum psychosis.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
29. Delusions of grandeur are the most common delusions in schizophrenia.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
30. Many theorists believe that people inherit a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
31. Increasing dopamine activity helps reduce the symptoms of schizophrenia.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
32. The transformation of personal distress into somatic complaints is the norm in Western cultures such as in North America.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatoform, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
33. People with antisocial personalities often form relationships to exploit others for material gain or personal gratification.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
34. People with antisocial personality disorder seem to have difficulty learning from punishment or negative outcomes.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
35. Individuals diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder experience more anxiety than others in the average population.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
36. Abnormal psychology is defined as
a) the empirical analysis of case studies.
b) the scientific study of psychological disorders.
c) the observation and testing of deviant thoughts, behaviours, or feelings.
d) the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
37. The distinction between normal and abnormal behavior
a) is a fine line.
b) falls on a continuum ranging from very healthy to very disturbed.
c) is always easy to make.
d) is made only by mental health professionals.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
38. According to the textbook’s complete definition of abnormal behaviour, which of the following statistically infrequent behaviours would qualify as most abnormal?
a) the belief that the CSIS is following you
b) having your entire body tattooed
c) living a completely celibate life
d) all these options
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
39. In each year, at least ___ percent of adults in Canada display serious psychological disturbance.
a) 15
b) 22
c) 28
d) 35
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
40. Clara, a self-assured, well-liked, and otherwise average woman in sixteenth-century England wanted to pursue an education at the university level. By what definitional criterion may her behaviour be considered abnormal?
a) danger
b) dysfunction
c) distress
d) deviance
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
41. Randy used to work as an analyst, but he got to the point where he could NOT go to work anymore. Most mornings he would wake up so upset about his life that he did NOT want to leave the house. Recently he has become so depressed that he has stopped eating, because he is just tired of trying. Would you classify Randy’s behavior as abnormal?
a) Yes, Randy’s behavior would be abnormal because he shows advanced signs of both dysfunction and danger.
b) Yes, Randy’s behavior would be abnormal because he shows signs of deviance now that he has stopped eating.
c) No, Randy’s behavior would not be classified as abnormal yet. He is close to showing signs of danger, but he has not injured himself or others.
d) No, Randy’s behavior would not be classified as abnormal yet. He would need to end relationships to show signs of dysfunction.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
42. Rebe no longer has custody of her children because she could NOT control her anger. One night she got so angry that she pushed her son hard enough that he fell and broke his arm. Sandy has been concerned for a while that she is being followed, and she is convinced that many strangers watch her for no reason. What is implied here?
a) Rebe fits the criteria for danger, while Sandy fits the criteria for deviance.
b) Rebe fits the criteria for deviance, while Sandy fits the criteria for dysfunction.
c) Both Rebe and Sandy fit the criteria for danger.
d) Both Rebe and Sandy fit the criteria for distress.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
43. Paige’s mother is concerned because Paige is constantly exercising and dieting. Her grades are suffering, and she has quit the basketball team because she was starting to build unwanted muscle. Paige also stopped hanging out with her friends and spends most of her time in her room reading fitness magazines. How would you categorize Page’s behavior?
a) Paige’s behavior is abnormal because she meets the criteria for both distress and dysfunction.
b) Paige’s behavior is abnormal because she meets the criteria for danger and deviance.
c) Paige’s behavior is not abnormal, but if she loses too much weight she will meet the criteria for danger.
d) Paige’s behavior is not abnormal because she is still functioning and making her own choices.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
44. Logan feels like he is NOT good enough at anything. He believes that he fails at relationships, jobs, and school. He is considering giving up. Racine has a lot of anxiety, and she is scared to be around large crowds. She had to quit her job because of her anxiety. Logan likely fits into the _________ criteria for abnormal behavior, while Racine fits in the _________ criteria.
a) distress; dysfunction
b) dysfunction; danger
c) danger; deviance
d) dysfunction; deviance
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
45. Per has difficulty controlling his anger. He often lashes out by hitting his wife and children. Per’s behavior best exemplifies which criteria of abnormal behavior?
a) danger
b) distress
c) deviance
d) dysfunction
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
46. Carly often feels sad or frustrated by events in her life. Sometimes when things feel out of control, or she is angry at herself, she will cut herself. Her family and friends are unaware of Carly’s behavior. Carly best exemplifies which criteria of abnormal behavior?
a) distress
b) danger
c) deviance
d) dysfunction
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
47. The link between physical illness and madness was finally made when the advanced symptoms of dementia, delusions, hallucinations, and inappropriate moods were found to be associated with ___. Ultimately this disorder was found to have a medical basis.
a) general hysteria
b) gonorrhea
c) general paresis
d) general mental illness
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
48. Which of the following describes the main goal of the medical model approach to mental illness?
a) treating mental illness solely with medication
b) linking physical illnesses and symptoms of mental illnesses
c) having mental illnesses only treated by psychiatrists who are medical doctors
d) identify common symptoms, make predictions about prognoses, search for possible causes, and suggest treatment
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
49. What is a limitation of using the medical model approach to mental illness?
a) We will never fully understand all the things that can go wrong with the brain.
b) We are powerless to fix anything that we find wrong with the brain.
c) It ignores the influence of environmental factors in mental illness.
d) It ignores the fact that mental illness would have evolved.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
50. Which of the following is NOT one of the “four D’s” that are most commonly used as key features to define someone as having a psychological abnormality?
a) dissociation
b) danger
c) distress
d) deviance
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
51. Which of the following is one of the four “Ds” of psychological dysfunction?
a) delusions
b) danger
c) dissociation
d) dynamic
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
52. Of the four key features that are universally accepted by most definitions of a psychological abnormality, which one are you LEAST likely to see in someone with a mental illness?
a) deviance
b) distress
c) dysfunction
d) danger
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
53. Lilah has recently filed a number of police reports about being followed. She notices that cars often take the same turns as her on the highway, and she knows they are following her specifically. She also broke up with her boyfriend after she realized that he was helping them to track her. Which of the following BEST explains Lilah’s behaviour?
a) Lilah meets both the deviance and dysfunction criteria for abnormal behaviour because she is displaying socially divergent behaviours and thoughts, and she is losing relationships because of her condition.
b) Lilah meets both the distress and deviance criteria of abnormal behaviour because she is upset about the events she believes are occurring, and her actions are affecting other people’s lives.
c) Lilah’s behavior meets the danger criteria of abnormal behaviour. She is seeing people following her where there likely are none, and she is living in fear of that situation.
d) Lilah’s behavior meets the dysfunction criteria of abnormal behaviour. She is becoming so upset by these events that she has involved the police to try to help her.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
64. Agustina is really worried about her cousin. The last time they were together, he mentioned that he thought suicide was a good option for him. What key feature(s) of a psychological abnormality is Agustina’s cousin displaying?
a) distress
b) dysfunction
c) danger
d) a and c
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
65. For the past month, Marley has been unable to leave her house. Every time she tries to go out, she is overcome by intense feelings of fear and dread that something horrible is going to happen to her. Which of the following features of abnormal behaviour is Marley exhibiting?
a) dysfunction
b) distress
c) danger
d) deviance
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
66. For the past two months, Luis has been going to the casino every night after work to play the slot machines. His phone and internet have been disconnected for non-payment and he is unable to pay his rent. Which of the following feature of abnormal behaviour is Luis exhibiting?
a) dysfunction
b) distress
c) danger
d) deviance
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
67. Alba has difficulty understanding how to interact well with other people. She is socially awkward and withdrawn. Which of the criteria of mental illness best describes Alba?
a) deviance
b) distress
c) dysfunction
d) danger
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
68. Fiona’s alcohol abuse causes her to be late to work or call in sick because of a hangover at least three times a week. Which criterion for diagnosing psychological disorders does this best represent?
a) distress
b) dysfunction
c) danger
d) deviance
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
69. Assigning a diagnosis suggests that the client’s pattern of dysfunction
a) is basically the same as patterns displayed by many other people.
b) has been researched in numerous studies.
c) has responded to certain kinds of treatment.
d) all of the above.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
70. Avril does not ever take off her coat. It started gradually, just wearing it to class and parties, but now she even sleeps in it. What key feature of a psychological abnormality is Avril showing?
a) distress
b) deviance
c) danger
d) dysfunction
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
71. Which of the following measures of psychological dysfunction is most likely to be affected by time, culture, and history?
a) deviance
b) distress
c) dysfunction
d) danger
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
72. Calum was a loner who lived with 200 dogs, cats, and sheep on a farm in Scotland. Although this behaviour deviates from societal norms, some may apply a specific label to describe the marked individuality of this person. What is this label?
a) dysfunctional
b) dangerous
c) eccentric
d) antisocial
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
73. Wealthy Sir George Sitwell famously had his cows stenciled in a blue and white willow pattern to make them look more attractive; he tried to pay his son’s fees at Eton with produce from his garden; and he had seven libraries in his home to contain all his books. According to your textbook, why would we refer to Sir Sitwell as quirky, bizarre, quaint, or eccentric rather than as deviant?
a) Eccentricity is maladaptive and dysfunctional.
b) Eccentricity and deviance are very similar, but the term eccentricity is more widely used for the wealthy.
c) Eccentricity is benign, chosen freely, and provides pleasure.
d) Eccentricity is a diagnostic term whereas deviance is a description.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
74. The leading classification system for mental disorders in Canada is the
a) Clinical Guidebook to Psychological Disorders.
b) Dysfunction and Symptomology Manual.
c) Psychiatric Assessment and Treatment Compendium.
d) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
75. The DSM describes approximately ___ disorders.
a) 50
b) 100
c) 200
d) 400
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
76. Owain is writing an article that explores the reasons why NOT all professionals have embraced the latest edition of the DSM. Which of the following is NOT one of these reasons?
a) it does not list the causes of disorders.
b) there are some overlapping constructs and poorly explained concepts.
c) no acknowledgement of environmental factors in mental disorders (e.g., poverty, abuse).
d) psychiatric drug industry played too much of a role in the development of the latest edition.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
77. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is published by the ___.
a) American Psychological Association
b) American Psychiatric Society
c) World Health Organization
d) United Nations
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
78. The classification system used by most countries throughout the world is the
a) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).
b) Physician's Desk Reference (PDR).
c) Encyclopedia of Psychological Disorders.
d) International Classification of Diseases (ICD).
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
79. Currently the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is in its ___ edition, while the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is in its ___ edition.
a) first / second
b) second / first
c) fourth / tenth
d) tenth / fifth
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
80. With regards to mental illness, identification is to _____ as outcome is to _____.
a) etiology; diagnosis
b) diagnosis; etiology
c) prognosis; diagnosis
d) diagnosis; prognosis
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
81. What is the difference between neurocognitive disorders and neurodevelopmental disorders?
a) Neurocognitive disorders primarily affect cognitive functioning and are the result of injury or disease; neurodevelopmental disorders affect social or academic functioning and onset occurs prior to school age.
b) Neurocognitive disorders are the result of a lower intelligence; neurodevelopmental disorders are the result of injury or disease.
c) Neurocognitive disorders are inherited problems, such as chromosomal abnormalities; neurodevelopmental disorders are caused by some environmental disturbances, such as injury.
d) Neurocognitive disorders are treatable with intense therapy and medications; neurodevelopmental disorders are considered untreatable but manageable.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
82 Olivia was in a car accident and sustained a traumatic brain injury. Since her accident, Olivia’s moods have been unstable, and she is forgetful. Which of the following subcategories of mental disorders would she likely fit in?
a) neurocognitive disorders
b) neurodevelopmental disorders
c) dissociative disorders
d) trauma disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
83. Which of the following is NOT one of the somatoform disorders?
a) conversion disorder
b) bipolar disorder
c) somatization disorder
d) hypochondriasis
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
84. Dr. Lindgren identified Tarren with alcohol use disorder based on the symptoms Terran reported and the way those symptoms aligned with the symptoms in the DSM-5. Dr. Lindgren is making a(n)
a) judgment
b) educated guess
c) diagnosis
d) assessment
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
85. Dr. Dunne identified Lihua with post traumatic stress disorder based on the symptoms Lihua reported and the way those symptoms aligned with the symptoms in the DSM-5. Dr. Dunne is making a(n)
a) judgment
b) educated guess
c) diagnosis
d) assessment
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
86. After administering a battery of psychological tests, Shreya’s psychologist determines that she is suffering from borderline personality disorder. Shreya’s psychologist has made a ___.
a) classification
b) criteria decision
c) diagnosis
d) psychological determination
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
87. Andrea is constantly suspicious that her closest friends will suddenly decide to abandon her, as have MOST of her friends in the past. As a result, she engages in desperate behaviors that she mistakenly believes will sustain her friendships, such as doing drugs and purchasing expensive gifts to give away. Andrea MOST likely has
a) borderline personality disorder.
b) antisocial personality disorder.
c) dissociative identity disorder.
d) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
88. After completing a full psychological assessment, Dr. Gilligan concludes that Jeremy has schizophrenia. Dr. Gilligan has just made a(n)
a) etiology.
b) cause.
c) diagnosis.
d) assessment.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
89. Another term for loss of contact with reality is
a) neurosis.
b) psychosis.
c) anxiety disorder.
d) mood disorder.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
90. Disorders characterized by distorted perceptions, thoughts, emotions, and behaviors are known as ________ disorders.
a) anxiety
b) mood
c) somatoform
d) psychotic
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
91. Which of the following groups of disorders is characterized by a loss of contact with reality?
a) psychotic disorders
b) somatoform disorders
c) anxiety disorders
d) personality disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
92. When someone has symptoms that qualify them for more than one diagnosis, this is called
a) codominant.
b) concurrent diagnoses.
c) comorbidity.
d) conduct disorder.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
93. Comorbidity means that
a) the disorder is a secondary complication of some other disorder.
b) the disorder has potential consequences for morbidity and mortality.
c) the person qualifies for diagnoses of two or more disorders.
d) the person has a long-term psychological disability that has resulted in at least two hospitalizations.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
94. Richard suffers from both depression and anxiety, a condition referred to as
a) comorbidity.
b) psychosis.
c) insanity.
d) eccentricity.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
95. Maude has just been told by a mental health professional that she is showing comorbidity. What news did Maude receive?
a) that her symptoms are intensifying
b) that her twin died at birth, leaving her with unresolved issues
c) that she has an incurable mental illness
d) that she has two or more diagnoses
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
96. Zehra is being treated for multiple mental health problems. She has suffered from depression for years, but recently, she has also developed obsessive-compulsive disorder that manifests as an intense fear of germs. It is so severe, that she cannot leave her house for fear of being contaminated with foreign germs, and so technically she has agoraphobia too. Psychologists would say that Zehra is showing
a) post-traumatic stress disorder.
b) comorbidity.
c) exacerbating symptom development.
d) conflicting diagnoses.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
97. Dr. Schmidt is a neuroscientist who is conducting research on probable causes of depression. In which of the following might Dr. Schmidt be interested?
a) situational factors that increase depressive symptoms
b) the thought processes of those who are depressed
c) the role of genetics and viral infections on depression
d) unconscious conflicts that cause anxiety and depression
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
98. Horace’s mother has taken him to the hospital because he claims he is hearing voices and is speaking in a very odd manner. In assessing him, Horace’s doctor conducts a CT scan to look for structural issues with his brain, and a series of blood tests to assess the chemicals in his blood stream. Horace’s doctor is using the ____________ model to assess Horace’s abnormal behaviour.
a) neuroscience
b) cognitive
c) cognitive-behavioural
d) developmental psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
99. Which of the following would NOT fit under the neuroscience model’s view of abnormal behaviour?
a) Abnormal behaviour is caused by problems in specific structures of the brain.
b) Abnormal behaviour is acquired through conditioning, modelling, and cognitive processes.
c) Abnormal behaviour is the result of too much or too little neurotransmitter activity.
d) Abnormal behaviour can be related to abnormal hormonal activity in the endocrine system.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
100. Depression is related to the insufficient activity of which of the following neurotransmitters?
a) GABA and dopamine
b) norepinephrine and serotonin
c) acetylcholine and epinephrine
d) glutamate and GABA
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
101. Yuri has just suffered his first schizophrenic episode. Which of the following is LEAST related to Yuri’s schizophrenic episode?
a) high levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in Yuri’s brain
b) Yuri’s mother has been diagnosed with schizophrenia
c) Yuri was exposed to a virus as a small child that has only now been activated
d) Yuri has been exposed to environmental stressors.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
102. Dr. Nguyen is a reductionist neuroscientist. Which of the following explanations of schizophrenia would Dr. Nguyen be least likely to support?
a) It is caused by an interaction between biological and environmental factors.
b) It is cause by structural abnormalities in the brain.
c) It is caused by elevated levels of dopamine in the brain.
d) It is caused by prenatal exposure to a virus.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
103. Marcel needs things to be clean, and if they are NOT clean, he becomes very upset. He has socializing because he worries that people will be sick or have germs. Recently, Marcel had to quit his job because of these factors. What is the BEST explanation for this behaviour?
a) Marcel’s behavior is abnormal because it meets both the deviance and dysfunction criteria. Marcel is likely suffering from an obsessive-compulsive disorder.
b) Marcel’s behavior is abnormal because it meets both the distress and deviance criteria. Marcel is likely suffering from an obsessive-compulsive disorder.
c) Marcel’s behavior is abnormal because it meets the danger function since he cannot leave his house. Marcel is likely suffering from a dissociative disorder.
d) Marcel’s behavior is abnormal because it meets the dysfunction function since his preoccupation with germs works against social norms. Marcel is likely suffering from a dissociative disorder.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Synthesis
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
104. Rosalyn suffers from obsessive-compulsive disorder. What would the neuroscience model say is the cause of Rosalyn’s disorder?
a) She has unconscious conflicts that centre around her fixation at the anal stage.
b) She has a distorted view of herself that has prevented her from achieving personal growth.
c) She has a chemical imbalance in her brain.
d) She has learned this behaviour as a coping mechanism in response to her unwanted thoughts.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
105. Oscar suffers from a disorder. His physician told his parents that it was possible that Oscar had been exposed to a damaging virus prenatally or in early childhood and that the virus may have lay quiet until he reached puberty. What model is the physician using and what disorder is she likely referring to?
a) neuroscience; obsessive compulsive disorder.
b) neuroscience; schizophrenia
c) neurodevelopmental; borderline personality disorder
d) neurodevelopmental; panic disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
106. Dr. Khanna is a neuroscientist who believes that psychological disorders are the result of biological, social, psychological, and cultural variables. To which of the following models/perspectives does Dr. Khanna subscribe?
a) diathesis–stress model
b) reductionist perspective
c) biopsychosocial perspective
d) cognitive-biological perspective
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
107. Dr. Grenier is a neuroscientist who believes that disorders arise because a person inherits a genetic predisposition that will not be expressed unless triggered by an environmental event. To which of the following models/perspectives does Dr. Grenier subscribe?
a) diathesis–stress model
b) reductionist perspective
c) biopsychosocial perspective
d) cognitive-biological perspective
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
108. Which of today’s leading models of abnormality is at the greatest risk of depending on a reductionist view?
a) cognitive-behavioural model
b) psychodynamic model
c) neuroscience model
d) socio-cultural model
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
109. According to the behavioural perspective, which of the following is NOT a way that abnormal behaviours are acquired?
a) modelling
b) classical conditioning
c) operant conditioning
d) maladaptive beliefs
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
110. When Aksel was a small child, he and his father were in a serious car accident while driving over a bridge. Now Aksel finds that whenever he drives over a bridge, he becomes extremely frightened. According to the ___ perspective, Aksel’s fear is the result of ___.
a) cognitive-behavioural; operant conditioning
b) cognitive-behavioural; classical conditioning
c) behavioural; classical conditioning
d) behavioural; operant conditioning
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
111. Alejandro was recently bitten by a dog. Because he now associates dogs with pain, Alejandro is now afraid of dogs. According to the ____________ model, Alejandro’s fear of dogs is the result of __________ conditioning.
a) cognitive; operant
b) behavioural; operant
c) cognitive; classical
d) behavioural; classical
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
112. When Andre went to see a psychologist about his panic attacks, the psychologist taught him that, instead of thinking he is having a heart attack, Andre should tell himself it is just anxiety and that he is safe. This thought control, combined with deep breathing and relaxation, is causing the panic attacks to become less severe and Andre is sure he will soon be able to control them completely. Andre’s psychologist most likely uses the _______________ model in his treatment.
a) socio-cultural
b) psychodynamic
c) cognitive-behavioural
d) humanist
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
113. The behavioural perspective suggests that abnormal behaviour is learned through ___.
a) classical conditioning
b) operant conditioning
c) modelling
d) all of the above
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
114. Willum is seeing a psychologist to try to manage his anger better. His psychologist believes that Willum expresses his anger in the same way his father did. His psychologist is suggesting that Willum’s behaviour is due to _______, which supports the ________ perspective.
a) classical conditioning; behavioural
b) modelling; cognitive
c) modelling; behavioural
d) classical conditioning; cognitive
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
115. If a psychologist is examining why some inner-city children turn to drugs and crime while others live more normal lives, they would probably be interested in studying the ______ factors for the two diverse groups of children.
a) family
b) socio-cultural
c) risk
d) genetic
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
116. The study of how problem behaviours evolve as a function of a person’s genes and early experiences, and how these early issues affect the person at later life stages is known as the ________ model.
a) socio-cultural
b) developmental psychopathology
c) cognitive developmental
d) neuroscience
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
117. Matilde’s mother suffers from depression and often drinks alcohol in excessive amounts. If a psychologist were interested in studying the influence these two factors might have on Matilde’s outcomes in later life, they would likely subscribe to the __________ model.
a) socio-cultural
b) cognitive developmental
c) developmental psychopathology
d) socio-developmental
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
118. Dr. Rigaud is studying how infants born addicted to cocaine respond to massage therapy. Specifically, she is comparing addicted infants who had massage therapy with those who did not on measures of language development when they enter kindergarten. What psychological perspective does Dr. Rigaud probably ascribe to?
a) socio-cultural
b) developmental psychopathology
c) cognitive-behavioural
d) psychodynamic
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
119. According to the psychodynamic model, abnormal behaviours are viewed as
a) the result of illogical thinking processes.
b) the unconscious learning of behaviours.
c) unconscious attempts to resolve inner conflicts and lessen painful inner turmoil.
d) the result of rewards and punishments.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
120. Dr. Harris is a neuroscientist that believes that a person with depression probably had a genetic predisposition to the disorder and was at some point exposed to an external stressful event. To which of the following models/perspectives does Dr. Harris subscribe?
a) diathesis–stress model
b) reductionist perspective
c) biopsychosocial perspective
d) cognitive-biological perspective
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
121. Dr. Velez believes that a child can become fixated at an early stage of development and that this fixation can affect all subsequent development and can therefore contribute to abnormal functioning. To which of the following models/perspectives does Dr. Velez subscribe?
a) diathesis–stress model
b) behavioural
c) biopsychosocial perspective
d) psychodynamic
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
123. ___ theorists propose that psychological disorders result largely from a combination of problematic learned behaviours and dysfunctional thought processes.
a) Psychodynamic
b) Cognitive-behavioural
c) Humanistic
d) Socio-cultural
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
124. The perspective that proposes that psychological disorders result largely from a combination of problematic, learned behaviours and dysfunctional thought processes is the
a) behavioural perspective.
b) diathesis-stress model.
c) cognitive- behavioural model.
d) socio-cognitive model.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
125. When Atticus lost his job due to downsizing, he believed he was a failure who let his family down. He did NOT apply for jobs because he believed nobody would want someone who was a failure. The longer he was out of work, the more he felt like a failure. Atticus has recently been diagnosed with depression. According to the cognitive-behavioural model this is an example of how
a) our behaviours influence the biological processes and lead to psychological disorders.
b) our thoughts and societal expectations influence our behaviours.
c) thoughts influence our behaviours, and behaviours influence our thought processes.
d) a predisposition to a disorder.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
126. While behavioural models focus on ___, the cognitive perspective views psychological disorders as stemming from ___.
a) learning; thoughts
b) conscious processes; unconscious processes
c) developmental change; situational instability
d) animal behaviour; social interactions
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
127. Which maladaptive belief is correctly matched with an example?
a) selective perception – Damia said “good afternoon” instead of “good morning” when she first walked in to meet with the selection committee. Despite a terrific interview she is certain she did not get the job because of this error in the job interview.
b) magnification – Lewis and his partner had a very enjoyable month long holiday, but Lewis cannot stop talking about how rude the steward had been on the plane ride to the island
c) over generalization – Barak’s friends and family all told him that his wedding toast was hilarious, but he could not stop thinking about his uncle who did not laugh once
d) illogical thinking processes – Diana learned from watching her mother to fear spiders
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
128. Dee is uncomfortable having lunch with her colleagues because she feels that they only talk to one another and never to her. Dee ignores the many times that several colleagues tried to draw her into the conversation. Dee is engaging in the illogical thinking process of
a) fixation.
b) selective perception.
c) overgeneralization.
d) magnification.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
129. According to the ___ perspective, maladaptive beliefs and illogical thinking processes are at the heart of abnormal functioning.
a) psychodynamic
b) behavioural
c) cognitive
d) socio-cultural
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
130. Dr. Langdon believes that abnormal behaviours are caused by unconscious conflicts rooted in childhood. Dr. Langdon subscribes to the ________ perspective.
a) cognitive
b) humanistic
c) developmental psychopathology
d) psychodynamic
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
131. Kaia’s mother died when she was three-years-old. Now, twenty-seven Kaia suffers from major depressive disorder. Her therapist believes that Kaia’s depression is rooted in her sense of abandonment from her mother’s death. What perspective is Kaia’s therapist using?
a) cognitive
b) neuroscience
c) psychodynamic
d) humanistic
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
132. Liana just moved to a new town to take a promotion at her work. Instead of focusing on the benefits of her move, she only sees the negatives, such as a somewhat smaller house and a five minute longer drive to get to work. Liana is experiencing ___.
a) selective perception
b) magnification
c) overgeneralization
d) cognitive dissonance
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
133. Anaya is a ‘glass-half-empty’ kind of person. No matter what happens, she will only see the negative aspect of the situation, and all the positives will go unnoticed. For instance, at her birthday, she received many beautiful gifts, but all she kept talking about was that her birthday fell on a weekday, and how awful it is to have her birthday on a weekday. According to the cognitive perspective, what kind of illogical thinking pattern does Anaya demonstrate?
a) magnification
b) selective perception
c) the belief that she needs everyone’s approval
d) overgeneralization
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
134. ___ involves drawing broad negative conclusions on the basis of a single insignificant event.
a) Selective perception
b) Magnification
c) Overgeneralization
d) Cognitive dissonance
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
135. Laqueta hated family dinners. In spite of the fact that the rest of the family enjoyed themselves, Laqueta maintained that her mother was critical, her sisters made fun of her, and the meal was always chosen to meet the preferences of her brothers, even though Laqueta did NOT enjoy most of the food types chosen. According to Beck, when a person sees only the negative features of an event, they are engaging in the illogical thinking process of
a) magnification.
b) selective perception.
c) overgeneralization.
d) fixation.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
136. Rosalie is depressed. She goes to pour herself a glass of juice and spills it. She says to herself, “I can’t even pour a glass of juice properly; I am so incompetent.” This is an example of what Beck would call
a) selective perception.
b) magnification.
c) overgeneralization.
d) personalization.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
137. After Bader finally worked up the courage to ask a girl in his class out on a date, she rejected him. Bader has now concluded that no girl would ever want to date him. According to Beck, Bader is engaging in the illogical thinking process of _________________.
a) overgeneralization
b) overextension
c) magnification
d) fixation
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
138. Which of the following situations below exemplifies selective perception?
a) Lyle recently moved to a new city with his family. He becomes very unhappy because the local football field is smaller than the one in his previous city.
b) Joan is supposed to go out for drinks with friends but does not want to go because the last time she spilled a drink and is afraid the bartender will remember it.
c) Harvey is supposed to give a presentation and is worried because the last time he had to pause to find the right words.
d) Although Bernie is typically an "A" student, he recently received a D on a term paper. Now he is sure he will never graduate.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
139. Rory just found out that he did not get into the psychology program at Wilfrid Laurier, and he is freaking out. Now he might as well NOT even bother going to university, which means that he will have to work for his father’s carpet cleaning company. He will probably get cancer from the chemicals and die a young man. What pattern of illogical thinking is Rory demonstrating here?
a) selective perception
b) overgeneralization
c) magnification
d) intensification
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
140. Which of the following phrases reflects the psychodynamic approach to defining abnormal behaviour?
a) Abnormal behaviour is learned through the observation of societal norms.
b) Abnormal behaviour results from unconscious attempts to solve conflicts.
c) Abnormal behaviour is observed in other individuals we identify with.
d) Abnormal behaviour is a conscious choice to resolve internal conflicts.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
141. Sai goes to see his psychologist about how sad and unmotivated he has been feeling lately. His psychologist asks him questions about his early childhood experiences and his relationship with his mother. Sai’s psychologist is most likely using a ________________ approach.
a) cognitive-behavioural
b) psychodynamic
c) socio-cultural
d) humanist
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
142. Object relations theory states that
a) people are motivated by a need to establish relationships with others.
b) people are motivated by a need to achieve a sense of security through the accumulations of objects.
c) people are motivated by a desire to satisfy basic needs before being able to satisfy higher needs.
d) relationships between people and objects are interchangeable.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
143. Object relations theorists propose that severe ___ may result in abnormal development and psychological problems during adulthood.
a) problems in early relationships
b) neurotransmitter imbalances
c) brain damage
d) malnutrition
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
144. Colton’s mother was a narcissistic, self-focused woman with a drinking problem. She favoured the other children in the family and saddled Colton with the responsibility of taking care of his siblings. Colton’s therapist tells him that this early relationship issue is most probably the basis of the many failed relationships Colton has with his previous wives and children. Colton’s therapist is most likely a(n) ___ theorist.
a) cognitive-behavioural
b) humanist
c) object relations
d) socio-cultural
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
145. If Dr. Leung believes that abnormal behaviour can only be understood within the context of factors such as social change, socio-economic class membership, cultural background, and family systems, to which model would she likely subscribe?
a) psychodynamic
b) object relations
c) socio-cultural
d) developmental psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
146. Trevor has recently lost his job as the company he works for has been downsizing. He knows he is NOT the only one as many companies and businesses have recently closed down due to an economic recession. According to the socio-cultural model, which risk factor for psychological disorders does this describe?
a) social change
b) socio-economic class
c) cultural factors
d) social networks and supports
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
147. The factory in a town is closing after 75 years of production. As sixty percent of the people in the town are employed by the factory, the town is now facing an economic downturn. Which of the following would you predict for the people of the town?
a) There will be increase in crime.
b) There will be an increase in schizophrenia.
c) There will be a decrease in mental health issues.
d) There will be an increase in depression and suicide.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
148. According to the socio-cultural model, which of the following individuals is LEAST at risk for developing a psychological disorder?
a) Jared, who lives in an isolated village in Alaska
b) Namid, an aboriginal youth who regularly participates in cultural ceremonies
c) Larissa, a single mother of two who lives in a poor neighbourhood
d) Kazuto, who moved away from his family and friends six months ago and has yet to make new friends
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
149. According to the concept of ___, individuals can start out from very different places and yet, over time, because of life experiences, eventually function (or dysfunction) in similar ways.
a) multifinality
b) equifinality
c) selective perception
d) overgeneralization
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
150. The idea that children can start out from different places and end up at the same outcome is called
a) equifinality.
b) multipotentiality.
c) multifinality.
d) resilience.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
151. The idea that different children can start from different points and wind up at the same outcome is known as
a) comorbidity.
b) multifinality.
c) equifinality.
d) risk analysis.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
152. _______________ refers to the idea that children can start from the same point and wind up at any number of different outcomes.
a) Continuity
b) Discontinuity
c) Equifinality
d) Multifinality
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
153. Brandon and his brother Trent grew up in a poverty-stricken neighbourhood with a single mother who was working three jobs to pay the bills. While growing up, the boys were often left at home alone and thus were exposed to drugs and crime. Although Brandon grew up to be a successful physician and is happily married with two children, Trent has been in jail most of his adult life. Trent is often depressed and has been unable to hold a job and maintain his social relationships. The principle of ___ explains how Brandon and Trent started from the same point but eventually functioned in very different ways.
a) selective perception
b) equifinality
c) multifinality
d) comorbidity
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
154. Liesel and Kady are identical twins who both grew up in a loving home and attended the same schools. Once grown, Liesel married early, had twins of her own, and stayed home to contentedly raise her children. Kady, on the other hand, had an adventurous spirit and traveled extensively working as a photographer for a wildlife magazine. Developmental psychologists would say that this pattern of change in the twins demonstrates the concept of
a) equifinality.
b) multifinality.
c) resilience.
d) selective perception.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
155. One suggested explanation for multifinality may be that even among children born into the same family there may be different levels of _________________.
a) family support
b) optimism
c) personality flaws
d) resilience
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
156. What is a disadvantage of the biomedical models of abnormal behaviour?
a) It has no empirical evidence linking abnormal behaviour to abnormal brain functioning.
b) It is helpful with diagnosis but not with prognosis or treatment.
c) It assumes that abnormal behaviour stems from genetics and viral infections.
d) It neglects the contribution of non-biological factors to abnormal behaviour.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
157. What is the similarity between family systems theory and object relations theory?
a) They both emphasize the genetic contribution to psychological disorders.
b) They both stress the importance of the family in contributing to psychological disorders.
c) They both view negative unconscious forces as a contributor to psychological disorders.
d) They both believe that psychological disorders are learned.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
158. Which of the following is a legitimate difference between family systems theory and object relations theory?
a) Object relations theory emphasizes the role of genetic contributions to psychological disorders and family systems theory does not.
b) Family systems theory sees individual members of a family interacting in cohesive and consistent ways whereas object relations theory emphasizes how the relationships outside of the family were impacted by the family.
c) Family systems theory emphasizes the role of unconscious forces as a contributor to psychological disorders and object relations theory does not.
d) Family systems theory believes that relationship issues are learned, and object relations theory does not.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
159. What is/are the key feature(s) of mood disorders?
a) disposition and temperament
b) depression and mania
c) attitudes
d) bipolar and major depression
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
160. Persistent depressive disorder is a chronic but less severe form of ___.
a) major depressive disorder
b) bipolar disorder
c) cyclothymic disorder
d) panic disorder
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
161. In a therapy session, Frankie’s psychologist asks her about any events that have occurred since their last appointment. Frankie immediately tells the therapist about a minor car accident she had and forgets to tell her about a promotion she received at work. Frankie is MOST likely being treated for
a) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
b) generalized anxiety disorder.
c) depression.
d) borderline personality disorder.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
162. Lexi has been feeling sad lately. She finds herself distracted at work by the depth of her sadness and then she is consumed with guilt because she has been unproductive. This morning she was so paralyzed by this that she could NOT get out of bed. What can be inferred about Lexi?
a) Lexi is suffering from major depressive disorder.
b) Lexi is suffering from suicidal ideation.
c) Lexi is suffering from the normal sadness of life.
d) Lexi is suffering from extreme mania.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
163. Dev has been depressed for over 20 years. Although he has managed to continue functioning at home and work throughout his struggle, he is always burdened with a feeling of sadness and lack of pleasure with events in his life. What is Dev’s diagnosis?
a) persistent depressive disorder
b) cyclothymia
c) major depressive disorder
d) bipolar disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
164. Major depressive disorder is to persistent depressive disorder as _____ is to _____.
a) hopelessness; sadness
b) mild; severe
c) acute; chronic
d) functional; dysfunctional
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
165. Approximately ___ of adults in Canada are diagnosed with major depressive disorder in any given year.
a) 3%
b) 5%
c) 8%
d) 12%
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
166. Studies estimate that ___ of people who suffer from severe depression commit suicide.
a) 1–5%
b) 6–16%
c) 12–20%
d) 18–24%
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
167. Raj has recently accepted a job in a remote area of the Yukon. Shortly after arriving there, he learns that his mother has been diagnosed with a serious illness. Which of the following is a potential outcome for Raj?
a) He is more likely to suffer from an anxiety disorder.
b) He is likely to cope better with the stressor since he has distance from the issue.
c) He is more likely to become depressed.
d) He is likely able to cope with the stressor the same way as he would if he were living near his mother.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
168. Which of the following is NOT a criterion for diagnosing someone with major depression?
a) depressed mood and/or markedly diminished interest and/or pleasure in activities
b) an avoidance of situations in which escape might be difficult or help unavailable
c) symptoms cause significant distress or impairment in functioning
d) symptoms are not due to the presence of a chemical substance or medical condition
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
169. Desma is concerned about her husband, Eterio. After being terminated from his job of over 15 years, Eterio was furious at first, but he has now withdrawn from Desma and his family. He does NOT seem to experience any pleasure in any aspect of life. He seems to feel that there is nothing he can do to change his life. What can be inferred about this situation?
a) Eterio may be suffering from depression stemming from negative thinking.
b) Eterio may be suffering from bipolar disorder that was triggered by his job termination.
c) Eterio may be seeing hallucinations that he will not admit to.
d) Eterio may be suffering from panic disorder.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
170. Mehdi is having trouble sleeping, has lost his appetite, is too tired to go to work, and CANNOT concentrate on simple television shows. It is most likely that Mehdi is experiencing a ___.
a) dysthymic disorder
b) cyclothymic disorder
c) major depressive disorder
d) bipolar disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
171. Horst has not felt like himself ever since his girlfriend broke up with him last month. He does not want to eat, he sleeps all the time, and even taking care of his basic hygiene has become challenging for him. When his friends dropped by to take him out and cheer him up, he kicked them out and said he did not feel well. What kind of disorder is Horst likely suffering from?
a) persistent depressive disorder
b) cyclothymia
c) bipolar
d) major depressive
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
172. Which of the following is NOT a statement that someone with major depressive disorder is likely to say?
a) Why bother trying? It is not like anything is going to change.
b) Of course, I did not get the promotion. Everybody thinks I am too stupid for the job.
c) I have a lot of stress in my life, so I have been working a lot of overtime because it helps me deal with it.
d) I know I used to like going to the gym, but I am just too tired these days, and I have not lost any weight anyway.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
173. Learned helplessness may lead to depression if a person attributes failure to
a) socio-cultural factors that are outside of the person’s control.
b) their personality characteristics and their lack of emotional control.
c) their intelligence level and their inability to anything about it.
d) a lack of control over the rewards and punishments in their lives and hold themselves responsible for this helpless state.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
174. Dr. Vick is conducting a study on learned helplessness. She is exposing rabbits to low levels of shock based upon certain behavioral patterns. Based on what you know about learned helplessness, which of the following scenarios is MOST likely to result in learned helplessness in rabbits?
a) Dr. Vick applies a low-level shock to the rabbits on a constant basis for two days, and nothing the rabbits do prevents or discontinues the shock from occurring.
b) Dr. Vick applies a low-level shock to the rabbits for three seconds over a two-week period, but only when the rabbits eat from a large, versus small, food bowl.
c) Dr. Vick applies a low-level shock to the rabbits for five seconds over a one-week period, but only when the rabbits drink for more than three seconds.
d) Dr. Vick applies a low-level shock to the rabbits for seven seconds over three days, but only when the rabbits are in the left side of the cage.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
175. Campbell was frequently ridiculed by both parents throughout her childhood and took on a submissive role in most of her adult relationships. She is currently in an emotionally abusive relationship, has no appetite, suffers from severe insomnia, and struggles to get through the day. How can Campbell’s situation be explained?
a) Campbell seems to be experiencing depression related to learned helplessness.
b) Campbell seems to be experiencing battered woman’s syndrome stemming from her parents’ treatment of her.
c) Campbell seems to be experiencing a normal response to her situation.
d) Campbell seems to be experiencing bipolar disorder like her parents.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
176. Imagine you have been given a list of case studies for your psychology exam. According to learned helplessness theory, which of the following individuals would be at the GREATEST risk for depression?
a) Maria believes that she is a failure for having ruined her marriage due to her incompetence, and that this will lead to being a failure in other aspects of her life.
b) Fikira believes that she is a failure for having dropped out of college due to her demanding work schedule, though she does not believe this will lead to being a failure in other aspects of her life.
c) Naoki believes that she is generally an effective problem solver. She feels guilty about missing registration for her son’s school, and she fears this forgetfulness may cause her to miss other deadlines.
d) Kristi believes that she is intelligent, although very uneducated about the politics of the workplace. She believes the impact of this lack of knowledge will be confined to the work setting.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
177. Trisha was 12 when she was kidnapped. She was held for over 5 years before the pedophile let her go because she was too old. While captive, she was tortured and violated. Upon being released, she did NOT even try to find her parents because her captor told her they hated her for being so stupid and weak. When the police found Trisha wandering the streets, she was despondent and detached. How can Trisha’s behavior be explained?
a) Trisha seems to be exhibiting severe depression caused by learned helplessness while imprisoned, in which she was taught that pain was her new reality.
b) Trisha seems to be exhibiting moderate depression as a normal response to the stress of her imprisonment.
c) Trisha seems to be exhibiting intense mania onset by the joy of being released by her captor from her state of bondage.
d) Trisha seems to be exhibiting bipolar behavior bouncing between maniac excitement and deep depression for being released.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
178. Natasha is a 20-year-old identical twin who has recently been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Felix is a 24-year-old fraternal twin whose twin brother has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Twenty-two year old Zhu’s older sister, a 26-year-old female, has suffered from major depressive disorder for the past two years. According to neuroscientists, who is more likely to develop major depressive disorder?
a) Natasha’s twin sister
b) Felix
c) Zhu
d) They are all equally likely to develop major depressive disorder.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
179. Zuri did not do well on her history test. If Zuri makes internal, stable, and global statements about her poor test performance, she is at risk for developing ________________. This would support the _________________ theory.
a) depression; attribution-helplessness
b) bipolar disorder; learned helplessness
c) depression; learned helplessness
d) bipolar disorder; attribution-helplessness
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
180. Cyclothymic disorder is a chronic but less severe form of ___.
a) major depressive disorder
b) bipolar disorder
c) dysthymic disorder
d) panic disorder
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
181. Kim is frustrated with her son, Tyler, who refuses to complete his homework. Initially his problem was that he was excessively tired, sad, and slept too much. However, now Tyler seems to have too much energy and is bouncing off the walls; he seems unable to sit down and complete his work. The little work he does manage to complete is of poor quality but he displays it proudly and refuses to make corrections claiming that he could NOT have made any mistakes. What is implied here?
a) Tyler has bipolar disorder.
b) Tyler is having a depressive episode.
c) Tyler is experiencing manic disorder.
d) Tyler has ADHD.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
182. Lena is a seamstress who works from home. She has been inexplicably buoyant all day, bouncing all over the place, giving away her favorite creations to anyone who walks by, and chatting people’s ears off. When asked why she is so happy, Lena responds buoyantly, "It’s a beautiful day!" and starts to dance to a tune in her own head. The next day, Lena refuses to get out of bed. If you were Lena’s friend, which of the following would you do?
a) Seek immediate assistance for Lena because she is exhibiting signs of bipolar disorder and has experienced a sudden emotional crash that could be dangerous.
b) Talk to Lena and explain to her that whatever made her take to her bed will work itself out and she just needs to tough it out and go back to working.
c) Wait another day to see whether Lena’s mood will balance itself.
d) Encourage Lena to get some sleep, which might help her recover from the emotional high she experienced the day before.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
183. For most of her life, Winona has had a reputation for having extreme mood swings. Some days she seems to be very happy and excited, while on other days she is very sad and unmotivated. Although she is unpredictable, her symptoms are relatively mild. Which disorder best describes Winona’s symptoms?
a) major depressive disorder
b) dysthymia (persistent depressive disorder)
c) cyclothymia
d) bipolar disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
184. Since Blake was an adolescent, she has experienced irregular patterns of swings in mood between short episodes of mild depression and elevated mood. Which disorder best describes Blake’s symptoms?
a) major depressive disorder
b) dysthymia (persistent depressive disorder)
c) cyclothymia
d) bipolar disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
185. What is the difference between bipolar disorder and cyclothymic disorder?
a) Bipolar is inherited and cyclothymic is caused by a brain injury.
b) Bipolar affects women more than men and cyclothymic affects men more than women.
c) Bipolar is a more severe disorder and cyclothymic is less severe but more chronic.
d) Bipolar is experiencing mood swings in two directions and cyclothymic is predominantly a depressive state.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
186. Bipolar is to cyclothymic as _____ is to _____.
a) inherited; brain injury.
b) higher risk in women; higher risk in men
c) severe; mild
d) depression; mania
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
187. Matteo is meeting with his therapist after being diagnosed with bipolar disorder. He enjoys the "high" he is experiencing, as he has abundant energy, does NOT require sleep, and believes he is accomplishing wonderful things. His therapist tells him that the manic episode
a) is temporary and will be followed by a depressive episode that will likely last longer.
b) will increase the likelihood that he will develop sleep apnea due to sleep deprivation.
c) is likely to be masking as an alternate form of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
d) will decrease the likelihood that he will suffer a depressive episode in the future.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
188. A manic episode is usually followed by
a) a depressive episode.
b) a period of emotional stability.
c) another, more disabling, manic episode.
d) another, less disabling, manic episode.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
189. Which of the following facts about bipolar disorder is NOT true?
a) It affects men and women equally.
b) It is one of the most debilitating disorders globally.
c) It is highly heritable.
d) It is more common in economically disadvantaged populations.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
190. Adwoma has not slept for days and forgot to pay her rent. However, she has been handing out money to people who are homeless. When a police officer tries to talk to her about why she is standing on a busy street corner handing out cash to all who pass by, she rapidly answers, but her thoughts fly from one idea to another. The police officer would be correct in suspecting that Adwoma has ___.
a) generalized anxiety disorder
b) dysthymic disorder
c) bipolar disorder
d) cyclothymic disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
191. Against the advice of his parents, Jayce took the money from his savings account and spent it all on lottery tickets because he “had a feeling” he was going to win. He had big plans for the winnings that he was sure he was going to get and talked loudly and incessantly about how he was going to invest his winnings in developing an underwater bar. He said that only he had a vision for how this bar would work and that only he has the sales skills to get it off the ground. He went without sleep for a week drawing plans and putting together permits etc. Jayce would probably be diagnosed with
a) generalized anxiety disorder
b) dysthymic disorder
c) bipolar disorder
d) cyclothymic disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
192. Which of the following is NOT a possible cause of bipolar disorder?
a) gene abnormalities
b) insufficient serotonin and norepinephrine
c) interaction of genetics and stress
d) heritability
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
193. Miya has noticed her friend Georgia seems full of herself lately, acting like she is much more important than anyone else. She has been aggressive and unpredictable, her speech erratic and fast, as if her thoughts are likely to fly away. In fact, Georgia herself seems ready to take flight at any moment. What can be inferred about Georgia?
a) Georgia is exhibiting signs of mania, which may suggest bipolar disorder.
b) Georgia is exhibiting signs of mania, which may suggest major depressive disorder.
c) Georgia is exhibiting signs of hyperactivity, which may suggest disruptive mood dysregulation disorder.
d) Georgia is exhibiting signs of depression, which may suggest bipolar disorder.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
194. Aspen is doing a presentation for her psychology class on the causes of bipolar disorder. Unfortunately, one of her slides has an error on it. Which of the following points does NOT belong on her slide?
a) genetic abnormalities
b) decreased activity of norepinephrine and serotonin
c) stress and certain environmental events
d) reduced sodium pump activity
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
195. Which of the following statements below is UNTRUE?
a) Family and twin studies suggest that bipolar is not heritable.
b) Bipolar disorder may be linked to ion dysregulation and reduced sodium pump activity.
c) A combination of gene abnormalities plays a major role in the development of bipolar disorders.
d) Levels of arousal, in combination with goal-related events, can lead to the mania-related symptoms of bipolar.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
196. Ashley is woken at four in the morning by her roommate, Keomi, who is building a chicken coop in the bathroom of their apartment because she wants fresh eggs. Sue can barely understand Keomi as she is talking and moving so quickly. Suddenly, Keomi realizes that she needs to buy chickens, and she wants to borrow Ashley’s car. Ashley hesitates, and so her roommate is out the door flagging down a taxi before Ashley has time to get to the door of the building. If Keomi is suffering from a mood disorder, what state is she experiencing?
a) depression
b) paranoia
c) delusional
d) mania
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
197. Unipolar is to ____________ as bipolar is to ________________.
a) anxiety; depression
b) depression; anxiety
c) depression; mania
d) depression; depression and mania
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
198. Farimah’s family has been called in for a family meeting to assist Farimah in coping with her unipolar depressive disorder. Her psychiatrist, Dr. Paul, explains to her family members that they may observe severe sadness and melancholy that will be followed by
a) a return to a normal emotional level.
b) a state of mania.
c) suicidal ideation.
d) rapid cycling of depression and mania.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
199. Shen is writing a paper for his psychology class about the causes of unipolar depression. Which of the following would he NOT include in his section on how neuroscientists explain depression?
a) people inherit a genetic predisposition
b) low activity of norepinephrine and serotonin
c) enlarged cerebral ventricles
d) people with depression have abnormally elevated levels of the stress hormone, cortisol
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
200. What evidence suggests that major depressive disorder is at least partly heritable?
a) Researchers have located the gene for depression on chromosome 7.
b) Monozygotic twins are more similar in depression than dizygotic twins.
c) Early exposure to viral infections may lead to a predisposition to develop depression.
d) Adoptive siblings resemble each other more in depression than half-siblings.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
201. ___ believe that people with severe depression acquire distinctly negative behaviours and think in dysfunctional ways that help cause and lock in their disorders.
a) Cognitive- behavioural theorists
b) Humanistic theorists
c) Psychodynamic theorists
d) Neuroscientists
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
202. Raphael has a math test tomorrow. Although he has failed the last two tests, he has decided to go out to a movie tonight. Raphael is certain that, even if he studied, he would not pass the test because his studying in the past didn’t help so why would it now. Raphael is experiencing ___.
a) the fundamental attribution error
b) learned helplessness
c) automatic thoughts
d) dysfunctional attitudes
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
203. Jania became depressed because she thought she no longer had control over the rewards and punishments in her life and that she alone was responsible for this helpless state. Jania’s experience supports the _____________ theory of depression.
a) attribution-helplessness
b) learned helplessness
c) cognitive dissonance
d) socio-cultural blame
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
204. According to ___ of depression people become depressed when they think that they no longer have control over the reinforcements in their lives and that they themselves are responsible for this helpless state.
a) Freud’s psychodynamic theory
b) Roger’s humanistic theory
c) the neuroscience theory
d) Seligman’s learned helplessness theory
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
205. According to attribution-helplessness theory people may feel helpless to prevent future negative outcomes and may experience depression if they attribute their present lack of control to an ___ cause.
a) internal, specific, and unstable
b) internal, global, and stable
c) external, specific, unstable
d) external, global, stable
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
206. After failing a minor quiz in her psychology course, Greta told a friend she was considering dropping out of university because she was obviously too stupid to ever graduate. Greta’s feelings about herself support
a) learned helplessness theory.
b) attribution-helplessness theory.
c) cognitive dissonance theory.
d) socio-cultural theory.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
207. Rozi is feeling as if her life is spiralling out of control. It appears that negative events keep happening to her and that she can do nothing to change this. According to the attribution-helplessness theory, Rozi is more likely to become depressed if she views her lack of control as being caused by something
a) external, global, and unstable.
b) external, specific, stable.
c) internal, specific, unstable.
d) internal, global, stable.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
208. Therese has a statistics test tomorrow and, instead of studying is watching television. When her roommate suggests she should study, Therese replies, “What’s the point? I’m too stupid to pass the test anyway.” This is an example of ___.
a) fundamental attribution theory
b) dysfunctional attitude theory
c) attribution-helplessness theory
d) learned-attribution theory
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
209. According to Beck, the statement, "If I do NOT get all "A’s" in university, I am a failure" is an example of a(n)
a) dysfunctional attitude.
b) automatic thought.
c) error in thinking.
d) learned helplessness.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
210. According to Beck, major depressive disorder stems from ___.
a) dysfunctional attitudes
b) illogical thinking processes
c) the cognitive triad
d) all of the above
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
211. According to Aaron Beck, what is the cognitive triad of depression?
a) negative interpretation of others, the situation, and the past
b) negative interpretation of themselves, the situation, and the future
c) three causes of depression – genetics, environment, and their interaction
d) three symptoms of depression – sadness, dejection, and rejection
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
212. Which of the following is NOT part of Beck’s cognitive triad?
a) negative thoughts about one’s experiences
b) negative thoughts about oneself
c) negative thoughts about others
d) negative thoughts about the future
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
213. When Beck says that people have automatic thoughts, he is referring to
a) ideas and attitudes brought about because of classical conditioning.
b) basic irrational assumptions.
c) thoughts that are a normal part of the socialization process.
d) thoughts that come into our minds without conscious intent.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
214. Ester recently had her laptop computer stolen from her university locker. According to Beck’s research on automatic thoughts, which of the following thought patterns would put Ester at greatest risk for developing depression?
a) Her laptop was stolen because gang members from outside the university have been coming onto campus and posing as students and stealing from lockers.
b) Her laptop was stolen because she was stupid to choose such an isolated location; she should have known better.
c) Her laptop was stolen because the university lockers are not built strongly enough; everyone is saying so.
d) Her laptop was stolen because a rash of thefts have occurred around the university due to an increasing drug problem some students are facing.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
215. Maxwell was not chosen for the baseball team. Which of the following attributions will decrease his chances of feeling depressed?
a) "I'm just no good at baseball."
b) "I've never been good at baseball, and never will be."
c) "Baseball, basketball, school -- I've failed at all of them."
d) "Today just wasn't my day."
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
216. According to socio-cultural theory, which of the following persons would be least likely to develop depression?
a) Tahlia who stays at home to care for her four children
b) Manato who has just separated from his wife
c) Sophia who has just started a new job
d) Calen, who has just moved to a new city to “start over”
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
217. What socio-cultural factor can have a major impact on one’s tendency to become depressed and the duration of the depressive episode?
a) income
b) education level
c) social support
d) urban living
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
218. Studies have found that depressed people who lack social support
a) are twice as likely to commit suicide as those with a support network.
b) remain depressed longer than those with a support network.
c) are more likely to require antidepressant medication than those with a social support network.
d) suffer higher levels of depression than those who have a support network.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
219. What is the difference between major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder?
a) Major depressive disorder is genetic and bipolar disorder is acquired.
b) Major depressive disorder is found equally in men and women and bipolar disorder is predominantly found in women.
c) Major depressive disorder is caused by a chemical imbalance and bipolar disorder is caused by a structural problem in the brain.
d) Major depressive disorder involves a depressive state and bipolar involves periods of mania alternating with depression.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
220. Feelings of extreme excitement mixed with hyperactivity are some of the signs that psychiatrists look for when diagnosing
a) antisocial disorders.
b) bipolar disorders.
c) panic disorders.
d) schizophrenia.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
221. Zayn has depression and Sage has bipolar. Sage argues that Zayn is better off because an important difference between major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder is that only in bipolar disorder do people have ________________________.
a) irrational thoughts
b) depression
c) manic episodes
d) a biochemical imbalance
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
222. Which of the following is NOT considered to be an anxiety disorder?
a) GAD
b) panic disorder
c) bipolar disorder
d) phobias
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
223. A phobia and a diagnosis of a generalized anxiety disorder differ in the
a) body’s reaction.
b) intensity of the reaction.
c) cause of the reaction.
d) frequency of the reaction.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
224. In any given year, as many as ___ of the adult population suffer from one or another of the anxiety disorders identified by DSM-5.
a) 6%
b) 12%
c) 18%
d) 28%
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
225. Surveys suggest that ___ of the North American population have the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder in any given year.
a) 1%
b) 4%
c) 6%
d) 8.5%
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
226. Someone who is anxious a great deal of the time but cannot name something specific they are anxious about may be suffering from
a) a phobia.
b) generalized anxiety disorder.
c) panic disorder.
d) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
227. Despite numerous reassurances from family and friends, Ann cannot shake a pervasive feeling of impending doom. She has suffered from insomnia, heart palpitations, and headaches for almost one year. Ann is MOST likely suffering from
a) generalized anxiety disorder.
b) panic disorder.
c) social anxiety disorder.
d) schizophrenia.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
228. Elizabeth has difficulty making decisions and even when she does decide, she worries about whether it was the right decision. Additionally, she always seems to feel “on edge” and is worried that something in her life will go wrong. However, she cannot pinpoint a specific cause for her anxiety. These symptoms can be best classified as ___.
a) panic disorder
b) generalized anxiety disorder
c) phobia
d) obsessive-compulsive disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
229. Sanzhar has been working for the same company for 25 years. Even though the company announced that they had increased their profit by 20%, he was unable to sleep last night because he was worrying about losing his job and being unable to pay his bills. Which of the following disorders best describes Sanzhar’s symptoms?
a) obsessive-compulsive disorder
b) phobic disorder
c) social anxiety disorder
d) generalized anxiety disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
230. Cognitive-behavioural theorists suggest that generalized anxiety disorder is caused in part by ___.
a) dysfunctional assumptions
b) abnormal brain structures
c) abnormal neurotransmitter functioning
d) unconscious conflicts
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
231 Ella is hypervigilant of her surroundings, always prepared for the worst-case scenario, and extremely concerned about her own shortcomings and failures. To what would you attribute these types of symptoms?
a) dysfunctional assumptions
b) maladaptive learning
c) compulsions
d) traumatic experience
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
232. Which of the following does NOT demonstrate one of the irrational assumptions that Ellis associated with persons with GAD?
a) If I make a mistake in my job, my boss will realize I am a complete failure and fire me.
b) I must bake cookies every week for everyone in my office, otherwise they will not like me.
c) I am afraid of snakes, so I am not going to go walking in the forest.
d) If I do not get that new job, my life will be over.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
233. According to Ellis, statements such as “It is a dire necessity for an adult human being to be loved or approved of by every significant person in his community” is an ________________ such as is prevalent in ____________.
a) irrational assumptions; obsessive-compulsive disorder
b) dysfunctional assumptions; obsessive-compulsive disorder
c) irrational assumptions; generalized anxiety disorder
d) dysfunctional assumptions; generalized anxiety disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
234. Jacinda has been referred for an ultrasound to discover the reason she is having abdominal pain. She wants her doctor to assure her she does not have cancer. Over the next few days, she thinks often about the ultrasound, as well as about the treatments she will have to undergo if it is cancer. She thinks about how terrible it will be for her children to grow up without a mother. Even though her doctor reassures her that it is unlikely to be cancer, she thinks about it constantly and is so anxious she is unable to sleep. According to new wave cognitive explanations of GAD, Jacinda is demonstrating ___.
a) an intolerance of uncertainty
b) dysfunctional assumptions
c) illogical thinking
d) negative confirmation bias
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
235. How do neuroscientists explain generalized anxiety disorder?
a) lower levels of dopamine
b) inadequate GABA activity
c) excess amounts of norepinephrine
d) an overactive orbitofrontal cortex
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
236. One biological explanation of generalized anxiety disorder suggests that it is caused by a malfunction of the _______ feedback system.
a) glutamate
b) GABA
c) epinephrine
d) adrenaline
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
237. According to neuroscience studies, which of the following neurotransmitters plays a significant role in the development of generalized anxiety disorder?
a) GABA
b) serotonin
c) norepinephrine
d) dopamine
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
238. Which of the following is NOT part of the brain circuit believed to be involved in GAD?
a) amygdala
b) prefrontal cortex
c) hippocampus
d) anterior cingulate
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
239. Lada is terrified to go to public places because she is afraid that she will embarrass herself. Consequently, Lada rarely goes anywhere alone and chooses to miss many events if she cannot find someone to accompany her. This is an example of
a) social phobia.
b) public phobia.
c) claustrophobia.
d) acrophobia.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
240. As an exchange student visiting Japan, Ethan is curious to see that his host mother becomes paralyzed with fear when required to attend family functions. When he asks, the host mother explains that she once said something that inadvertently embarrassed her family and brought shame to them, and she is fearful of making the same mistake. This is an example of
a) dysfunctional assumptions.
b) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
c) generalized anxiety disorder.
d) social anxiety disorder.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
241. Alyssa feels uncomfortable talking in crowds. Unfortunately, her professor has assigned her an oral presentation to give in front of the class. She is afraid of “making a fool” of herself and starts to have symptoms that are similar to a panic attack. What anxiety disorder best classifies her condition?
a) panic disorder
b) social anxiety disorder
c) generalized anxiety
d) agoraphobia
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
242. Todd is attending a concert with his best friend. During the concert, Todd’s anxiety disorder surfaces, and he is overwhelmed by the fear of being attacked. His friend tries to reassure him by showing him several nearby security guards. What is Todd’s MOST likely reaction?
a) Todd will continue to be fearful of impending danger.
b) Upon seeing the security guards, Todd will calm down.
c) Todd will develop an additional fear that his friend may harm him.
d) Upon seeing the security guards, Todd will become fearful of them as well.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
234. Keyara is required to give a presentation at work next week in their sales meeting. It is in front of only 6 co-workers, and she will be talking about her own work. Even though this will be content she knows extremely well, she is terrified of making this presentation. She has not been able to sleep or eat all week just thinking about it, and she is contemplating quitting her job just so she will not have to do it. What type of anxiety disorder does Keyara have?
a) obsessive-compulsive disorder
b) panic disorder
c) social anxiety disorder
d) generalized anxiety disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
235. Greta won a makeover at the cosmetic counter of the local department store. Once she is sitting in the chair, she suddenly feels ugly and ridiculous, and knows that the makeup artist is laughing at her and everyone who walks by is thinking how a makeover is a waste of time. Greta suffers from ___.
a) generalized anxiety disorder
b) social anxiety disorder
c) specific anxiety disorder
d) a specific phobia
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
236. Lachlan has begun refusing to go to school because he is paralyzed with the fear that his teachers will call on him and he will be unable to answer a question. Lachlan MOST likely has
a) social anxiety disorder.
b) panic disorder.
c) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
d) schizophrenia.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
237. Kate feels uncomfortable talking in groups, and her professor has assigned her an oral presentation to give in front of the class. She is afraid of making a “fool” of herself and starts to have symptoms resembling a panic attack. What anxiety disorder best classifies her condition?
a) panic disorder
b) social anxiety disorder
c) generalized anxiety
d) agoraphobia.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
238. Enrique’s co-workers have invited him to go for lunch at a new restaurant down the street from the office. Unfortunately, Enrique knows that, to get to the new restaurant, he would have to walk past a glass-front café where everyone sitting at the window would be able to watch him walk by. He is certain that he would trip and fall in front of the café. Enrique most likely suffers from
a) social anxiety disorder.
b) generalized anxiety disorder.
c) agoraphobia.
d) panic disorder.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
239. Hannah has a fear of speaking in public because she is terrified that she will say something to embarrass herself. In discussing this fear with her speech teacher, Mr. Jones, what is Hannah MOST likely to reveal to him?
a) Hannah is aware that her fear is unfounded but is nevertheless unable to overcome it.
b) Hannah is aware her fear is unfounded, and only needs reassurance that Mr. Jones will not embarrass her.
c) Hannah justifies her fear, explaining that she previously fainted while giving a speech and believes it will happen again.
d) Hannah defends her fear, stating that she has had several teachers who deliberately attempted to embarrass her.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
240. According to cognitive-behavioural theorists, which of the following is NOT a statement that would be characteristic of a person with social anxiety disorder?
a) I do not want to walk up in front of everyone; I might trip and fall.
b) I am not going to go to the party. I was only invited because of my friend. Nobody likes me.
c) I cannot go to the party. I might say something stupid.
d) When I get up to make my speech, everyone will be thinking about how overweight I am.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
241. According to cognitive-behavioural theorists, which of the following would not be included in the cluster of social expectations held by people who have social anxiety disorder?
a) They must perform perfectly in social situations.
b) They must have wealth to be socially accepted.
c) They do not always have control over the anxiety they feel in social situations.
d) They are in danger of behaving incompetently in social situations.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
242. A persistent and unreasonable fear of a particular object, activity, or situation is a _____.
a) generalized anxiety disorder
b) phobia
c) factitious disorder
d) compulsion
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
243. A phobia is defined as
a) a persistent and unreasonable fear of a particular object, activity, or situation.
b) a severe, persistent, and irrational fear of social or performance situations.
c) a feeling of excessive anxiety and worry under most circumstances.
d) persistent thoughts, ideas, impulses, or images that seem to invade a person’s consciousness.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
244. Surveys suggest that ___ of people in Canada suffer from at least one specific phobia in any given year.
a) 2.5%
b) 6.4%
c) 7.7%
d) 15%
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
245. Laura has a specific phobia of heights and is working with a therapist to challenge and overcome her fears. In discussing Laura’s fears with her, what is the therapist MOST likely to find?
a) Laura realizes her fear of heights is irrational and does not make sense to others.
b) Laura believes her fear of heights is logical because as a child she was injured after falling through a second story window.
c) Along with her fear of heights, Laura is now also becoming conditioned to be fearful of other situations such as being confined in small spaces.
d) Upon being challenged, Laura will become resistant to therapy and avoid going.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
246. Hristo is terrified of spiders. In fact, he is so afraid, he would even try to jump out of a speeding car to get away from a spider. Hristo has ___.
a) generalized anxiety disorder
b) panic disorder
c) agoraphobia
d) a specific phobia
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
247. Ella is afraid of the colour yellow. Although she knows that the colour yellow is harmless, she cannot control her anxiety when she sees anything in the colour yellow. Which of the following is most consistent with these symptoms?
a) panic disorder
b) generalized anxiety disorder
c) delusional anxiety disorder
d) specific phobia disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
248. ___ principles provide the leading explanations for specific phobias.
a) Psychodynamic
b) Humanistic
c) Socio-cultural
d) Behavioural
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
249. According to Mowrer’s two-factor theory of phobias, fear is created by ___, and maintained through ___.
a) classical conditioning; social learning
b) observational learning; operant conditioning
c) classical conditioning; operant conditioning
d) operant conditioning; classical conditioning
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
250. When Ira was a child, his mother took him to the circus. In an attempt to be funny, a clown startled Ira, unintentionally frightening him. Now Ira is very frightened of clowns and avoids any situation in which he thinks he might encounter a clown. Ira’s fear of clowns was acquired through ____________ and is now maintained through ____________.
a) modelling; classical conditioning
b) classical conditioning; modelling
c) operant conditioning; classical conditioning
d) classical conditioning; operant conditioning
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
251. The behavioral approach to abnormal behavior focuses on
a) exaggerated forms of an adaptive reaction.
b) blocked personal growth.
c) unconscious, unresolved conflicts.
d) inappropriate conditioning or modeling.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
252. For as long as she can remember, Bella has been nervous about being in the basement of her parents’ house. At a family gathering, her mother recounts that when Bella was a toddler, her older siblings thought the basement was haunted and refused to go down there. Her lingering anxiety could be explained as an example of
a) modelling.
b) negative reinforcement.
c) faulty conditioning.
d) biology.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
253. During a particularly intense thunderstorm, Kurt screamed aloud upon being startled by a loud crack of thunder. Kurt’s scream frightened his daughter, Sammi, and ever since that event, Sammi begins to cry at the onset of a thunderstorm. Which of the following processes offers the BEST explanation for Sammi’s behavior?
a) modelling
b) social learning
c) negative reinforcement
d) evolution
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
254. Which of the following individuals is MOST likely to have a panic attack?
a) May, who is a 65-year-old female
b) Grafton, who is a 15-year-old male
c) Saffron, who is a 20-year-old female
d) Noah, who is a 50-year-old male
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
255. Which anxiety disorder could be described as a periodic bout of highly intense anxiety that seems to occur out of the blue?
a) obsessive-compulsive disorder
b) post-traumatic stress disorder
c) generalized anxiety disorder
d) panic disorder
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
256. Declan had two public incidents of becoming intensely fearful to the point where he was dizzy, shaking, and hyperventilating. Once an adventurous thrill-seeker, he is now cautious and avoidant of any experiences that he perceives as potentially distressing. Declan is exhibiting characteristics of
a) panic disorder.
b) generalized anxiety disorder.
c) agoraphobia.
d) acrophobia.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
257. Panic disorder is often comorbid with ___, which is a fear of venturing into public places, especially alone.
a) agoraphobia
b) bipolar disorder
c) major depressive disorder
d) schizophrenia
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
258. Following several unusual experiences of rapid breathing, trembling, dizziness, and an undefined feeling of dread, Mia has now developed a fear of having similar episodes in the future. Mia is MOST likely suffering from
a) panic disorder.
b) generalized anxiety disorder.
c) negative reinforcement.
d) social anxiety disorder.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
259. Which of the following statements is NOT an accurate description of the neuroscientific understanding of panic disorder?
a) Panic attacks are produced by a circuit involving the amygdala, hypothalamus, and prefrontal cortex.
b) Panic attacks are produced by a circuit involving the amygdala, hypothalamus, and locus ceruleus.
c) Panic attacks are produced by an excess amount of norepinephrine.
d) Both a and c are inaccurate.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
260. How is a phobia like panic disorder?
a) They are both more common in men than women.
b) They are both triggered by something tangible or specific.
c) They both evoke extremely intense feelings of anxiety.
d) They are both linked with elevated levels of serotonin.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
261. How is generalized anxiety disorder like panic disorder?
a) They are both caused by an overactive amygdala.
b) Neither of them is triggered by something specific or tangible.
c) They both evoke extremely intense feelings of anxiety.
d) They both develop prior to adolescence.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
262. ___ are persistent thoughts, ideas, impulses, or images that seem to invade a person’s consciousness and the person sees as irrational.
a) Compulsions
b) Obsessions
c) Delusions
d) Repressed memories
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
263. Persistent thoughts, ideas, impulses, or images that seem to invade a person's consciousness are known as
a) obsessions.
b) compulsions.
c) phobias.
d) panic disorder.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
264. Obsessions are to ___ as compulsions are to ___.
a) thoughts; thoughts
b) thoughts; behaviours
c) behaviours; behaviours
d) behaviours; thoughts
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
265. Lola constantly thinks about driving her car into a tree. The only way she seems to be able to alleviate the anxiety these thoughts provoke is to recite the multiplication tables over and over to herself when she is driving. In this example, Lola’s thoughts about hitting a tree would be a(n) _____________ and her recitation of the times table would be a(n) _______________.
a) delusion; ritual
b) hallucination; ritual
c) compulsion; obsession
d) obsession; compulsion
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
266. ___ are repetitive and rigid behaviours or mental acts that people feel compelled to perform to prevent or reduce anxiety.
a) Hallucinations
b) Delusions
c) Obsessions
d) Compulsions
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
267. Raegan is getting ready to leave her house. She believes that if she turns the coffee pot on and off 10 times that this will guarantee it is off. When she gets to her door, she must lock it and unlock it exactly 30 times before she is satisfied that it is really locked. As soon as she walks away, she begins to question whether she really did it exactly 10 times and exactly 30 times, and she starts to worry that she did not do it right and that her entire day will be ruined as a result. So, she must go back inside and do the whole routine over again, being sure to count precisely. Sometimes she must do the routine multiple times, and she often misses appointments or is late for work as a result. What is Raegan suffering from?
a) generalized anxiety disorder
b) panic attacks
c) a phobia
d) obsessive-compulsive disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
268. Salma constantly thinks about driving her car into a tree. The only way she seems to be able to alleviate the anxiety these thoughts provoke is to recite the multiplication tables over and over to herself when she is driving. Which disorder is most consistent with Salma’s symptoms?
a) generalized anxiety disorder
b) panic disorder
c) agoraphobia
d) obsessive-compulsive disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
269. Which of the following most clearly illustrates an obsessive-compulsive disorder?
a) A physician washes her hands repeatedly after learning that the patient she just treated has hepatitis A.
b) A salesman is so anxious about his speech for tomorrow that he reviews his notes 20 times.
c) Constant sexual thoughts have made Lauryn anxious for several months. She now feels the need to read a specific religious passage over and over and over.
d) Mason's house was burglarized last week. He now checks the locks on his doors and windows repeatedly each night and listens to the radio to stop worrying about his safety.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
270. Which of the following individuals is suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder?
a) Faruk, who has recurring nightmares of a car accident he was in a month ago and now cannot go near cars.
b) Simon, who cannot stop thinking that his hands are dirty and so he washes them repeatedly.
c) Jill, who feels intense anxiety in social situations.
d) Ivan, who always senses that something really terrible is about to happen.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
271. OCD is associated with low ___ activity.
a) dopamine
b) GABA
c) serotonin
d) norepinephrine
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
272. Before leaving the house, Regina always checks the stove five times and rattles the door handle four times to make sure it is locked. David vacuums his apartment several times per day and cannot eat dinner until all the food in his pantry is neatly lined up. What is implied here?
a) Regina and David both have obsessive-compulsive disorders.
b) Regina and David both have addictive disorders.
c) Regina has an obsessive-compulsive disorder, while David has a dissociative disorder.
d) Regina has an addictive disorder, while Richard has a bipolar disorder.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
273. Tanner is experiencing persistent thoughts about germs, to the extent that he is cleaning his apartment repeatedly, hours at a time, to prevent the spread of germs. If Tanner were to undergo an fMRI, what area of Tan’s brain is likely to show over-activity?
a) hypothalamus
b) locus coeruleus
c) anterior cingulated
d) orbitofrontal cortex
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
274. Which of the following is NOT an area of the brain identified as being involved in obsessive compulsive disorder?
a) orbitofrontal cortex
b) cingulate cortex
c) hippocampus
d) thalamus
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
275. Which of the following persons is least at risk of developing PTSD?
a) Rachelle, a rape victim, whose family offer her staunch support.
b) Da-eun, a victim of a mugging, who feels that fate determines what happens to us.
c) Kalinda, who grew up in a poor neighbourhood, and later witnesses a shooting.
d) Nojus, a soldier, whose parents divorced when he was six years old.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
276. Which of the following individuals is suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder?
a) Todd, who is overly alert, has trouble concentrating, and has insomnia.
b) Branwen, who experiences intense anxiety whenever there is thunder.
c) Alex, who deals with intense bouts of anxiety that seem to come out of the blue.
d) Hamish, who constantly feels like something bad is about to happen.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
277. When Kat was seven her parents died in a car accident. She was in the back seat and survived with minor injuries. She still has nightmares about the accident. Simon has never been on a plane but is terrified of flying. He gets nervous driving past the airport. What is implied here?
a) Kat has a trauma disorder, while Simon has an anxiety disorder.
b) Kat has an anxiety disorder, while Simon has a dissociative disorder.
c) Both Simon and Kat have trauma disorders.
d) Both Simon and Kat have dissociative disorders.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
278. Karabo was beaten and robbed approximately one month ago. Following the attack, she frequently thought about it, had nightmares, and often felt afraid. Now, after a month she feels that her life has returned to normal, and she is no longer afraid. It is likely that Karabo was suffering from ___.
a) agoraphobia
b) panic disorder
c) acute stress disorder
d) post-traumatic stress disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
279. PTSD is to ____________ as acute stress disorder is to ______________.
a) trauma; everyday stress
b) less than one month; more than one month
c) everyday stress; trauma
d) more than one month; less than one month
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
280. Studies indicate that as many as ___ of all cases of acute stress disorder develop into post-traumatic stress disorder.
a) 25%
b) 50%
c) 65%
d) 80%
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
281. Which of the following anxiety disorders is found equally among men and women?
a) post-traumatic stress disorder
b) panic disorder
c) social anxiety disorder
d) obsessive-compulsive disorder
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
282. Schizophrenia is very prevalent, with approximately ________ people developing the disorder over the course of their lives.
a) one in 100
b) one in 150
c) one in 50
d) one in 200
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
283. Schizophrenia is defined as
a) a disorder of excessive thoughts, feelings, and behaviours related to somatic symptoms.
b) a disorder in which two or more distinct personalities exist within the same individual.
c) a disorder characterized by severe instability in emotions and self-concept and high levels of volatility.
d) a disorder characterized by disorganized thoughts, lack of contact with reality, and sometimes hallucinations.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
284. ___ is a disorder in which people deteriorate into a world of unusual perceptions, odd thoughts, disturbed emotions, and motor abnormalities.
a) Agoraphobia
b) Antisocial personality disorder
c) Schizophrenia
d) Generalized anxiety disorder
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
285. Rae has recently become very withdrawn. She sits in a chair all day and does not move, her eye contact is absent, she shows no emotional responses, and her speech is extremely minimal and slow. What diagnosis would you give Rae?
a) major depressive disorder
b) narcissistic personality disorder
c) schizophrenia
d) dissociative identity disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
286. Devin’s thoughts are disordered, and he has lost touch with reality and experiences hallucinations and delusions. What diagnosis has Devin probably received?
a) major depressive disorder
b) narcissistic personality disorder
c) schizophrenia
d) dissociative identity disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
287. Niles is alone in his room, but he sees a very angry-looking leprechaun sitting near the window. The leprechaun is staring at Niles, and it is making him uncomfortable. Mia is sitting in her room staring out the window at the children playing in the yard. They are always there in the afternoon, and Mia believes they are spying on her. What is implied here?
a) Niles is experiencing a disturbance in perception, while Mia is experiencing a disturbance in thought.
b) Niles is experiencing a disturbance in thought, while Mia is experiencing a disturbance in perception.
c) Both Niles and Mia are experiencing disturbances in thought.
d) Both Niles and Mia are experiencing disturbances in perception.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
288. When talking to his psychiatrist, a patient with schizophrenia said, "The pain in my head is the fusion of egg and sperm, but it only takes a father to make a baby, then the world ends." This is an example of ___.
a) a hallucination
b) a delusion
c) disorganized thinking and speech
d) inappropriate affect
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
289. When talking to his psychiatrist, a patient with schizophrenia said, "A needle takes blood. Blood cells combine to create a soul. Churches believe souls don’t die.” This is an example of a language disturbance called ______________________.
a) derailment
b) a pragmatic error
c) a neologism
d) catatonic syntactical confusion
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
290. Nathan was asked by his aunt why he was wearing his shirt backward and he replied, “Because it is red. Cardinals are red birds. They eat the cherries in the trees. I water them when I can. I also bicycle and eat raisins.” Nathan most likely has been diagnosed with
a) anxiety.
b) a depressive disorder.
c) a neurocognitive disorder.
d) schizophrenia.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
291. Celesse has schizophrenia and has recently been hearing things she cannot explain. Sometimes the voices she hears are angry, sometimes they are calm, and other times they tell Celesse to hurt herself. This is an example of disturbances in
a) perception.
b) behavior.
c) language.
d) emotion.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
292. Eliah firmly believes that he is being plotted against, spied on, slandered, threatened, and attacked by his friends and family although there is a no evidence to support his beliefs. Eliah is experiencing ___.
a) delusions of grandeur
b) delusions of persecution
c) hallucinations
d) repression
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
293. Sebastian believes that his cat is really a spy who was sent by the government to collect his thoughts. Sebastian 's belief is
a) a delusion of identity.
b) a delusion of persecution.
c) a delusion of grandeur.
d) a derailment.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
294. Jed lives in a small town and always eats at the same diner. Recently, he has started to become suspicious of his waitress. She is often alone with his food for too long. Jed believes that the waitress is slowly trying to kill him by putting small amounts of poison in his food each day. This is an example of a delusion of
a) persecution.
b) grandeur.
c) reference.
d) danger.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
295. Giovanni believes that he is the pope of the Catholic church. He has told his family that he is only living in their house because he needed a break from his duties and insists that he will go back to Vatican City shortly. This is an example of
a) a delusion of grandeur.
b) a delusion of reference.
c) a delusion of persecution.
d) a delusion of fame.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
296. Riley believes that she is going to marry the prince of a large European country, so she is going out to buy a wedding gown. Bev does NOT trust the woman who delivers her newspapers. She believes this woman has been giving her fake newspapers with false stories. What is the difference between Riley and Bev’s delusions?
a) Riley is experiencing delusions of grandeur, while Bev is experiencing delusions of persecution.
b) Riley is experiencing delusions of persecution, while Bev is experiencing delusions of grandeur.
c) Riley is experiencing hallucinations, while Bev is experiencing delusions of reference.
d) Riley is experiencing delusions of persecution, while Bev is experiencing hallucinations.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
297. Niguel is standing in the library. He can hear voices telling him that he is NOT smart enough to read books, and that he should just leave now. As he is walking out of the library, Niguel sees his mailman, but the color of the man’s skin is green, and he looks murderous. What is MOST likely happening here?
a) Niguel first had an auditory hallucination and then he had a visual hallucination.
b) Niguel first had an auditory hallucination, then he experienced a delusion.
c) Niguel first had an auditory delusion, then he had a sensory hallucination.
d) Niguel was having a delusion both in the library and outside the library.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
298. What is the difference between a hallucination and a delusion?
a) A delusion is a false belief, and a hallucination is a false perception.
b) A delusion is not a symptom of schizophrenia, and a hallucination is the defining symptom of schizophrenia.
c) A delusion is the after-effect of a hallucination.
d) A delusion lasts longer than a hallucination, but it is less intense.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
299. Perceptions that occur in the absence of external stimuli are known as ___.
a) hallucinations
b) delusions
c) obsessions
d) compulsions
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
300. Whenever, Kristin opens the kitchen cupboard, she hears the peanut butter making fun of her to the ketchup. What is the term for Kristin’s symptom?
a) paranoia
b) delusion
c) hallucination
d) disturbed thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
301. The most common kind of hallucinations experienced by schizophrenics are ___ hallucinations.
a) visual
b) auditory
c) gustation
d) olfactory
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
302. Tanner has been living on the street even though his parents have pleaded with him to come home. He spends most of his time alone and does not even speak to the other homeless people he meets. Which symptom of schizophrenia does this demonstrate?
a) delusions
b) paranoia
c) poverty of speech
d) social withdrawal
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
303. Rebekah spends all her time alone, attending to her own ideas and fantasies. These ideas are illogical and confused and her isolation only makes them worse. Her family and friends have tried to draw her back in, but she prefers her isolation. Which symptom of schizophrenia does this demonstrate?
a) delusions
b) paranoia
c) poverty of speech
d) social withdrawal
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
304. Which of the following is a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
a) flat affect
b) hallucinations
c) delusions
d) derailment
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
305. In the DSM-5 classification system for types of schizophrenia, additions to or exaggerations of normal thought processes and behaviors, including delusions and hallucinations, are known as
a) classic schizophrenic symptoms.
b) psychogenic schizophrenic symptoms.
c) positive schizophrenia symptoms.
d) negative schizophrenia symptoms.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
306. What is the difference between positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
a) Positive symptoms are treatable and negative symptoms are not.
b) Positive symptoms are good symptoms and negative symptoms are bad symptoms.
c) Positive symptoms represent the pathological excess in behaviours and negative symptoms represent the pathological deficit in behaviours.
d) Positive symptoms involve the mind and negative symptoms involve the body.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
307. Becca used to love funny movies and jokes, and she laughed often. Now, she does NOT smile at all. She may witness a funny event, or watch a comedy, but her expression does NOT change, and she rarely laughs. Becca’s symptoms are examples of
a) negative schizophrenia symptoms.
b) positive schizophrenia symptoms.
c) undifferentiated schizophrenia symptoms.
d) disorganized schizophrenia symptoms.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
308. Vedika does NOT trust anyone anymore. She knows they are all spying on her and reporting back to her doctors, or the government. Catrina sometimes sees people who are NOT there. It does NOT happen often, but whenever they are there the people seem angry. What is implied here?
a) Vedika and Catrina are both expressing positive schizophrenia symptoms.
b) Vedika and Catrina are both expressing negative schizophrenia symptoms.
c) Vedika and Catrina are both expressing undifferentiated schizophrenia symptoms.
d) Vedika and Catrina are both expressing residual schizophrenia symptoms.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
309. Antonella is concerned because her twenty-year-old schizophrenic son is talking to her but is NOT making sense. He is jumping from topic to topic, sometimes within the same sentence, and is totally incoherent. Antonella’s son is exhibiting the symptom of ___.
a) inappropriate affect
b) delusions
c) derailment
d) poverty of speech
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
310. When Henrik is asked about how he likes cherry pie, he replies: “I love cherry pie. It never gets old, unlike my socks. Full of holes and the air just flows through them like the wind, soaring and floating on a kite. I hate sailing, but I can’t wait to mountain bike.” Most likely, Henrik is diagnosed with ___ and is showing the symptom of
a) bipolar disorder; hallucinations.
b) schizophrenia; derailment.
c) bipolar disorder; delusions.
d) schizophrenia; catatonia.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
311. Which of the following is a psychomotor symptom of schizophrenia?
a) hallucination
b) catatonia
c) delusions
d) inappropriate affect
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
312. Tai has schizophrenia and is a patient in a psychiatric hospital. He spends most days squatting in a single bizarre position in a corner for hours at a time. Tai is exhibiting ___.
a) catatonic stupor
b) catatonic rigidity
c) catatonic posturing
d) waxy flexibility
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
313. Binh believes that aliens are recording his thoughts. When he is asked about it, he rambles off on many tangents and NEVER answers the question. Sometimes, he thinks he hears the devil telling him to do strange things, like cover his mirrors or don’t wear shoes. Which of the following symptoms did Binh NOT show?
a) hallucinations
b) catatonia
c) delusions
d) derailment
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
314. What is the difference between catatonic rigidity and waxy flexibility?
a) With catatonic rigidity, the person holds very still for hours and with waxy flexibility they rock back and forth for hours.
b) With catatonic rigidity, the person resists efforts to be moved and with waxy flexibility they allow themselves to be positioned and moved.
c) With catatonic rigidity, the person maintains a stiff and straight position and with waxy flexibility they maintain awkward positions.
d) With catatonic rigidity, the person has very brief moments of not being able to move (so they appear to have jerky movements) and with waxy flexibility they move very slowly (but not jerky).
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
315. Which of the following symptoms are correctly matched with their definition?
a) catatonic stupor – withdrawing socially from family and friends
b) catatonic rigidity – assuming awkward, bizarre poses for extended periods of time
c) waxy flexibility – maintaining a posture into which a person has been placed by someone else
d) catatonic posturing – maintaining a stiff upright posture for hours and resisting efforts to be moved
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
316. Vader has been diagnosed with schizophrenia and is sitting in a chair. As a test of his condition, his psychiatrist approaches and lifts one of Vader’s legs off the ground and both of his arms in the air. Vader holds the new position even after the doctor moves away, and he keeps the position until he is repositioned. What symptom is Vader displaying?
a) catatonic rigidity
b) avolition
c) catatonic stupor
d) waxy flexibility
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
317. Karter has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Which of the following would NOT be true of Karter’s cognitive symptoms?
a) Karter’s social and functional outcomes are related to the degree of cognitive impairment he experiences.
b) Karter’s cognitive deficits can be reversed if he takes medication.
c) Karter ‘s core deficit is most likely cognitive impairment.
d) Karter will have deficits with executive function, memory, attention, working memory, and intelligence.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
318. Which of the following is NOT a potential biological explanation of schizophrenia as identified in your text?
a) excessive levels of dopamine
b) enlarged ventricles of the brain
c) genetic predisposition
d) structural abnormalities of the hypothalamus
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
319. What brain abnormalities may someone with schizophrenia have inherited?
a) low dopamine activity and enlarged ventricles
b) low dopamine activity and small ventricles
c) high dopamine activity and enlarged ventricles
d) high dopamine activity and small ventricles
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
320. Which of the following is NOT a biochemical abnormality linked with schizophrenia?
a) enlarged ventricles in the brain
b) relatively small temporal and frontal lobes
c) low dopamine activity
d) abnormal activity of glutamate and serotonin
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
321. Lakshmi is doing a presentation for her psychology class on the biochemical abnormalities in someone with schizophrenia. Which of the following would Lakshmi NOT be talking about?
a) excessive amounts of dopamine
b) enlarged ventricles
c) enlarged temporal lobes and frontal lobes
d) structural abnormalities in the hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
322. Piper has an identical twin sister, Teagan, who has just been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Piper is understandably concerned about her chances of also being diagnosed. She has been given a great deal of information and is not sure what to believe. You tell her she can believe all the following EXCEPT
a) The more closely a person is related to someone diagnosed with schizophrenia the more likely they too will develop the disorder.
b) The concordance rate for schizophrenia is 48percent in identical twins.
c) Psychological and sociocultural factors play no role in the development of schizophrenia.
d) Infection in the prenatal and perinatal environments plays an important role in the etiology of schizophrenia.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
323. Ralph and Sandy’s parents both had schizophrenia. Ralph grew up with their mother, but Sandy lived with their grandparents since she was three. Ralph was five when Sandy left; he remembers because it was two days after the car crash where his father died, with Ralph in the backseat. Which of the following BEST describes their chances of developing schizophrenia?
a) Ralph is more likely than Sandy to develop schizophrenia because he witnessed a traumatic event which has increased his risk considerably.
b) Ralph is more likely than Sandy to develop schizophrenia because he lived with their mother alone for many years. Her habits and positive symptoms will have influenced his behavior.
c) Sandy is more likely than Ralph to develop schizophrenia because she is a female, which increases her risk of developing the symptoms.
d) Sandy and Ralph have an equal likelihood of developing schizophrenia because both of their parents had the condition, which means they both have a high probability of expressing symptoms.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
324. Regina and Terry are both 14 years old. They met in a support group for children whose parents have schizophrenia. Regina’s mom has the disorder and is currently living in a treatment center. Both of Terry’s parents have schizophrenia, but they are effectively treated with medication and therapy. What can be inferred here?
a) Terry is more likely to develop schizophrenia later in life than Regina is.
b) Regina is more likely to develop schizophrenia later in life than Terry is.
c) Terry and Regina have the same likelihood of developing schizophrenia later in life.
d) Regina likely already demonstrates symptoms of schizophrenia, whereas Terry will probably develop it later in life.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
325. Jenny’s identical twin sister Joan was diagnosed with schizophrenia when she was a teenager. Jenny has never shown any symptoms, but she is concerned she will develop them later in life. Which of the following jobs would MOST likely increase Jenny’s chances of triggering a schizophrenic episode?
a) A full-time job as the CEO of a multinational company, working 60-70 hours per week and traveling frequently.
b) A part-time job as an art historian, restoring paintings.
c) A part-time job as a psychologist, providing private counseling to patients.
d) A full-time job working from home as a freelance writer for an online magazine.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
326. Remi has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Remi’s psychiatrist tells her parents that this may mean that structural abnormalities to specific brain regions in Remi’s brain may be implicated. Which of the following regions have been reported in research?
a) hippocampus
b) visuospatial cortex
c) reticular formation
d) substantia nigra
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
327. Problems characterized by major loss of memory without a clear physical cause are known as ________ disorders.
a) obsessive-health
b) somatic symptom
c) dissociative
d) psychosomatic
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
328. A person who develops symptoms suggestive of neurological damage although medical tests provide no evidence of an unhealthy nervous system may have ________ disorder.
a) illness anxiety
b) somatic symptom
c) conversion
d) factitious
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
329. Quaid deliberately lies about physical symptoms such as headaches or nausea to avoid unwanted responsibilities at work. We would describe Quaid as
a) having illness anxiety disorder.
b) having somatic symptom disorder.
d) having factitious disorder.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
330. In ___, a psychosocial conflict or need is converted into dramatic physical symptoms that affect voluntary motor or sensory functioning.
a) conversion disorder
b) somatic symptom disorder
c) obsessive-compulsive disorder
d) illness anxiety disorder
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
331. Elin has been blind for three months. Although medical tests do NOT reveal any medical evidence to support her physiological symptoms, Elin’s blindness persists. Which of the following disorders might Elin have?
a) illness anxiety
b) conversion
c) somatic symptom
d) factitious
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
332. Two of your friends, Violet and Luna, are arguing about a case where a patient reported paralysis from the waist down even though there is no medical evidence of any damage or disease of the nervous system. Violet has suggested the patient might have a conversion disorder; Luna argues it is likely functional neurological symptom disorder. Which of your friends is MOST likely CORRECT?
a) Luna
b) Violet
c) neither Luna nor Violet is correct as the patient probably has somatic symptom disorder
d) both Luna and Violet are correct as conversion disorder and functional neurological symptom disorder are the same disorder.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
333. How do we know when someone has conversion disorder and that they are NOT just malingering?
a) Someone with conversion disorder deliberately causes harm to themselves.
b) Someone with conversion disorder intentionally lies about their symptoms.
c) Someone with conversion disorder shows disinterest in their symptoms.
d) Someone with conversion disorder benefits from their symptoms.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
334. Casey’s parents were elderly and confused and lived alone. Casey tried to get them to move out to a place where they could be cared for, but they vehemently refused. One night Casey’s mother’s scarf caught fire while she was cooking, and she burned to death in front of Casey’s father. It has been six weeks since the accident and, despite healthy vision prior to the accident, Casey’s father has been blind since his wife’s death. Casey is distraught but her father shows no interest in his visual loss whatsoever. From this scenario we would conclude that Casey’s father has _____.?
a) conversion disorder
b) somatic symptom disorder
c) illness anxiety disorder
d) lost his mind
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
335. Conditions in which physical or psychological symptoms are falsified are known as ________ disorders.
a) somatoform
b) dissociative
c) factitious
d) eating
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
336. In which type of disorder does the person lie about their symptoms or deliberately cause harm to themselves to adopt the patient role?
a) somatic symptom disorder
b) conversion disorder
c) factitious disorder
d) dissociative fugue
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
337. In the past two years, Mackenzie has told her family and friends that she has two different terminal illnesses. She has been to the doctor numerous times, and even though the doctors and specialists have failed to find anything wrong with her, she continues to tell people that she is seriously ill. Which of the following psychological disorder does Mackenzie most likely have?
a) somatic symptom disorder
b) illness anxiety disorder
c) conversion disorder
d) factitious disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
338. Eva’s friend was diagnosed with a serious illness three years ago. Although she felt bad for her friend, Eva became very jealous of all the attention she received for her illness. Eva now tells people she has a terminal illness, even though the many doctors she has seen tell her she is healthy. Eva most likely has
a) Munchausen by proxy.
b) conversion disorder.
c) somatic symptom disorder.
d) factitious disorder.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
339. One or more symptoms that cause distress and excessive health-related anxiety that lasts for at least six months suggests the presence of a ________ disorder.
a) conversion
b) somatic symptom
c) factitious
d) illness anxiety
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
340. In the past three years, Winter has often complained of stomach pain, headaches, and dizziness. She has been hospitalized twice for diagnostic tests, and although the doctors have NOT found anything physically wrong, she continues to suffer from a variety of symptoms. Which of the following disorders is Winter most likely to have?
a) somatic symptom disorder
b) illness anxiety disorder
c) conversion disorder
d) factitious disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
341. Maite often has headaches and chest pain, but her doctor says these physical ailments have little to no organic basis. This suggests Maite may have a(n) ___.
a) antisocial personality disorder
b) narcissistic personality disorder
c) somatization disorder
d) obsessive-compulsive disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
342. Which of the following accurately depicts the key difference between somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder?
a) Illness anxiety lasts longer than six months and somatic symptom disorder lasts less than six months.
b) Somatic symptom disorder lasts longer than six months and illness anxiety disorder lasts less than six months.
c) Somatic symptom disorder presents with physiological symptoms whereas illness anxiety disorder has none.
d) Illness anxiety disorder presents with physiological symptoms whereas somatic symptom disorder has none.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
343. The fact that the transformation of personal distress into somatic complaints is the norm in many non-Western cultures means
a) that somatic disorders are poorly understood outside Western countries.
b) malingering is very common in many non-Western cultures.
c) many non-Western cultures have more psychological disorders than Western cultures.
d) it is less stigmatizing to handle stress in this way in many non-Western cultures.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
344. Winona is writing a paper for her health psychology class about the causes of somatic symptoms and related disorders. Which of the following points would she NOT include in her paper?
a) Behaviourists argue that the disorders are learned through conditioning or modelling.
b) Cognitive theorists believe that people with the disorder are overly sensitive to their own body cues and misinterpret them.
c) Neuroscientists suggest that overactive norepinephrine receptors in the somatosensory cortex can mimic physical symptoms of illness in various parts of the body.
d) Socio-cultural theorists note that somatic complaints are much greater in cultures in which somatization is viewed as normal.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
345. Eloisa suffered the loss of her husband and eldest son when they were killed by a drunk driver. Since that time, she has developed chest pain and headaches. Eloisa talks of these symptoms incessantly and in exaggerated and dramatic terms. How would you anticipate that people respond to this?
a) In most Western cultures people would view Eloisa’s behavioural response as an inappropriate way of dealing with her distress.
b) Eloisa would be diagnosed with a somatic symptom disorder in many non-Western cultures.
c) Eloisa would be viewed in many non-Western cultures as behaving in a way that was socially and medically correct.
d) Eloisa would be viewed as suffering from factitious disorder in any culture.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
346. Marti keeps going to his doctor out of fear that he has cancer. He has gone three times this month already to have his doctor check and double check various parts of his body for cancer. When his doctor asks him how he feels, however, Marti says he feels fine. What disorder is Marti most likely suffering from?
a) conversion disorder
b) illness anxiety disorder
c) somatic symptom disorder
d) factitious disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
347. Amanda is sure she has a terminal illness. She has seen three doctors and four specialists but none of them have found anything wrong with her. Amanda most likely has
a) functional neurological symptom disorder.
b) somatic symptom disorder.
c) illness anxiety disorder.
d) factitious disorder.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
348. Which of the following individuals has a somatization disorder?
a) Biyu, who is preoccupied with having a serious disease despite a lack of symptoms
b) Presley, who has no memory of who he is
c) Ural, who has an extreme and callous disregard for the feelings and rights of others
d) Luna, who has two different personalities
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
349. The experience of having several separate personalities that express themselves at various times is known as
a) dissociative identity disorder.
b) dissociative amnesia.
c) dissociative fugue.
d) depersonalization disorder.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
350. Which of the following behaviors is typical of an individual with dissociative identity disorder?
a) Greg attends a rock concert with co-workers, but when the same co-workers talk about the concert the next day, he states that he wishes he could have attended the concert.
b) Greg buys tickets for a rock concert, but he ends up washing his hair for two hours while getting ready and misses the concert.
c) Greg walks into a sold-out concert without a ticket, avoids security, and forces a woman to give him her seat.
d) Greg attends a rock concert, consumes excessive amounts of alcohol and nachos, and becomes combative with security guards.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
351. Psychodynamic theorists believe that dissociative disorders are caused by
a) regression.
b) repression.
c) displacement.
d) projection.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
352. According to psychodynamic theorists, dissociative identity disorder is caused by
a) a single episode of massive repression.
b) a single episode of excessive repression.
c) a failure to effectively repress emotional pain.
d) a lifetime of excessive repression.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
353. According to psychodynamic theorists, continuous use of repression is motivated by traumatic childhood events which cause children to _____________.
a) fear the dangerous world and pretend to be another person who is observing safely.
b) split consciousness into multiple parts.
c) develop a personality that is aggressive enough to protect the child.
d) feel guilty about wanting to seek revenge against their parents so they divide the guilt among several detached personalities.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
354. Police recently picked up a young woman who was wandering the streets and acting strangely. When questioned, the woman could NOT remember who she was or any information about herself or her past. If the young woman were to be assessed by a psychodynamic psychologist, she would likely be told she was experiencing a dissociative fugue caused by
a) a severe head injury.
b) conscious conflict between the id, ego, and superego.
c) a single episode of massive repression.
d) a lifetime of excessive repression.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
355. Failing to remember important information, usually of an upsetting nature, about one's life is known as
a) dissociative fugue.
b) dissociative amnesia.
c) depersonalization.
d) impersonalization.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
356. Fiona has developed several distinct subpersonalities. Jake is a convenience store clerk in Halifax, NS, with no memory of his life as a waiter in London, ON, several years ago. Heather has forgotten major portions of a period of her life during which she experienced serious trauma. Which individual’s disorder is correctly identified below?
a) Fiona – dissociative fugue
b) Jake – dissociative identity disorder
c) Heather – dissociative amnesia
d) Jake – dissociative dementia
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
357. Bianca has completely forgotten that she was assaulted on the weekend and asks the nurse what she is doing in the hospital. The nurse does not know what to say, so she asks Bianca questions about what she remembers. It appears that Bianca remembers all the details of the weekend, EXCEPT the attack. What is Bianca most likely suffering from?
a) depersonalization/derealization disorder
b) dissociative identity disorder
c) dissociative amnesia
d) dissociative fugue
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
358. If Swinton does NOT engage in a cleaning ritual for several hours each day, he feels insurmountable anxiety. Manfred is unaware that he has a mental illness but does realize he occasionally has large memory lapses. What is implied here?
a) Swinton has obsessive-compulsive disorder, while Manfred has dissociative identity disorder.
b) Swinton has obsessive-compulsive disorder, while Manfred has antisocial personality disorder.
c) Manfred has obsessive-compulsive disorder, while Swinton has borderline personality disorder.
d) Manfred has borderline personality disorder, while Swinton has dissociative identity disorder.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
359. Dr. Thurman has been asked to assess a young man who was found wandering the streets and acting strangely. When Dr. Thurman questions him, he cannot remember who he is or any information about his past. Dr. Thurman believes the woman is experiencing __________________.
a) dissociative amnesia
b) fugue
c) depersonalization disorder
d) dissociative identity disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
360. What is the difference between dissociative amnesia and dissociative fugue?
a) With dissociative amnesia the memory loss is specific, while with dissociative fugue the memory loss is extensive.
b) With dissociative amnesia the cause of memory loss is physical, while with dissociative fugue the cause of memory loss is psychological.
c) With dissociative amnesia the onset would have been before adolescence, while with dissociative fugue the onset would have been after adolescence.
d) With dissociative amnesia there is no treatment, while with dissociative fugue there are multiple drug therapies.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
361. Cameron was injured in a hurricane and now cannot recall anything about the events leading up to, during, or after the hurricane. Journee cannot recall anything about her personal identity or past life. She has established a new identity and lives in another province. How would Cameron and Journee be diagnosed?
a) Cameron - dissociative amnesia; Journee - dissociative fugue
b) Cameron – dissociative identity disorder; Journee – depersonalization/derealization disorder
c) Cameron – dissociative fugue; Journee – dissociative identity disorder
d) Cameron – dissociative identity disorder; Journee – dissociative amnesia
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
362. In depersonalization/derealization disorder, the person
a) has multiple personalities that take turns controlling the person’s functioning.
b) is unable to recall memories surrounding a specific episode, usually traumatic.
c) is unable to recall who they are or any memories from their lives.
d) feels detached from themselves, as if their own point of view is outside of themselves.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
363. Deepak reports that he often feels detached from his body and feels as if he is observing himself from outside his own body. This disorder is called personalization disorder or
a) dissociative fugue.
b) derealization disorder.
c) body delusion disorder.
d) body detachment disorder.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
364. Since Elin was beaten and robbed, she often feels like she is watching her life as an observer. She reports to her psychologist that she feels like she is detached from her body and is in a dream from which she CANNOT wake up. Which of the following disorders does Elin likely have?
a) dissociative amnesia
b) dissociative fugue
c) dissociative identity disorder
d) depersonalization/derealization disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
365. A psychological disorder characterized by a major loss of memory without any apparent physical cause is called
a) somatic symptom disorder.
b) dissociative disorder.
c) factitious disorder.
d) borderline personality disorder.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
366. Najee’s nephew died in a car accident that was Najee’s fault. Although Najee was uninjured, he has been unable to recall his own name or any details about his family since the accident. Najee might be suffering from
a) schizophrenia.
b) a somatic symptom disorder.
c) a dissociative disorder.
d) a conversion disorder.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
367. ___ is characterized by a major loss of memory without a clear physical cause.
a) Narcissistic personality disorder
b) Antisocial personality disorder
c) Dissociative disorder
d) Somatization disorder
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
368. Which of the following dissociative disorders is correctly defined?
a) dissociative amnesia – individual develops several different personalities
b) dissociative fugue – individual forgets identity and flees to a new location
c) dissociative identity disorder – individual is unable to recall vital information about her life
d) dissociative amnesia – individual forgets identity and flees to a new location
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
369. Which of the following is NOT a difference found between the brains of people with and without dissociative disorders?
a) less activity in the prefrontal cortex in people with dissociative disorders
b) smaller hippocampus in people with dissociative disorders
c) smaller amygdala in people with dissociative disorders
d) less activity in sensory cortex in people with dissociative disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
370. Which of the following individuals has a dissociative disorder?
a) Maisie, who deliberately makes herself sick by swallowing laundry soap
b) Farah, who is convinced that she has cancer despite no symptoms
c) Fuka, who cannot remember who she is
d) Cara, who has a severe instability in emotions and self-concept
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
371. Which of the following individuals has a dissociative disorder?
a) Abdallah, who views his arms and legs as unrelated to himself
b) Ember, who is suffering from paralysis but has a healthy central nervous system
c) Manuela, who is convinced she has multiple sclerosis even though she has no symptoms
d) Asher, who claims to experience hallucinations, even though he does not have any
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
372. Which of the following explanations is hypothesized as a cause of dissociative disorders?
a) The patient has learned to dissociate to avoid facing his problems.
b) The patient’s dissociation is driven by irrational assumptions that he needs to be perfect.
c) The patient’s dissociation is a product of the environment in which he was raised.
d) The patient is repressing unpleasant memories or aspects of their life.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
373. What is a critical difference between personality disorders and dissociative disorders?
a) The nature of dissociative disorders tends to cause lapses in memory, whereas personality disorders do not.
b) The nature of personality disorders tends to cause lapses in memory, whereas dissociative disorders do not.
c) Dissociative disorders are associated with hallucinations and delusions, whereas personality disorders are not.
d) Personality disorders are associated with hallucinations and delusions, whereas dissociative disorders are not.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
374. Jane is suffering from dissociative identity disorder, while Sara is suffering from borderline personality disorder. Which of the following statements is MOST accurate about Jane and Sara?
a) Unlike Jane, Sara tends to view others in absolute terms, such as good or bad.
b) Unlike Sara, Jane tends to view others in absolute terms, such as good or bad.
c) Unlike Jane, Sara responds to stress with abnormally low autonomic activity.
d) Unlike Sara, Jane responds to stress with abnormally low autonomic activity.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
375. When Jaden was fourteen-years-old he locked his three-year-old sister in a small cupboard for an entire evening. When his angry parents discovered his terrified sister he shrugged and said, “I told her to stop crying and she wouldn’t. This was her fault. Not mine.” Jaden’s parents were concerned because prior to this they had noticed Jaden behaving cruelly to the family pets and knew that he had not been going to school. Now that he is twenty-one, Jaden continues to incessantly taunt his sister and has stolen money from his parents as well as his grandmother. He blames his sister for being “such a baby” and his family for “leaving money out.” Jaden may have
a) derealization disorder.
b) borderline personality disorder.
c) schizophrenia.
d) antisocial personality disorder.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
376. Jorge believes he is deserving and entitled to the finer things in life, so he finds it entirely justifiable to open a fraudulent charity and spend the donated money NOT on helping the poor, but on upgrading his lifestyle with a luxury car and yacht. Jorge is MOST likely suffering from
a) antisocial personality disorder.
b) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
c) multiple personality disorder.
d) attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
377. Wesley is a con-artist who uses his charms to get old people to invest their retirement savings with him. Then, he steals their money and moves on to another city. He reasons that if the old people are this stupid with their money, that they deserve to lose it, and he doesn’t feel a ounce of guilt for stealing the life savings of so many people. What is most likely Wesley’s diagnosis?
a) borderline personality disorder
b) dissociative fugue
c) depersonalization disorder
d) antisocial personality disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
378. Evan, a prosecuting attorney, has just been arrested for bribing several court judges over a seven-year span. Greedy for money, he approached defendants with probable upcoming guilty convictions and offered them a commuted or mitigated prison sentence in exchange for large sums of money. Evan acknowledged his behavior but was adamant that he did NOT commit a crime. What is his MOST likely reaction after being apprehended?
a) Evan does not express any feelings of shame or remorse for his actions.
b) Evan apologizes to his victims and breaks down in tears at his arraignment.
c) Evan offers to pay the money back as restitution.
d) Evan claims that he has a severe mental disorder and was not in control of his actions.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
379. Antonio suspects that his friend has antisocial personality disorder, and he does some research to learn about the causes of the disorder. Which of the following is NOT one of the causes that Antonio reads about?
a) He learned this behaviour from watching his parents.
b) He has low levels of serotonin in his brain.
c) He has deficient functioning in his frontal lobes.
d) His friend never learned how to regulate his emotions and handle emotional distress.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
380. Which of the following is NOT a possible cause of antisocial personality disorder as identified in your text?
a) symptoms learned through modelling
b) lower levels of serotonin
c) deficient function of the temporal lobes
d) insufficient anxiety levels, thereby impairing learning from negative life experiences
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
381. What reason is there to believe that psychopathy is a more extreme disorder than antisocial personality disorder?
a) because psychopaths cannot be cured
b) because most criminals in Canadian jails are psychopaths
c) because half of all serious crimes are committed by psychopaths
d) because psychopathy is apparent in early childhood
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
382. Which of the following people is most likely to have a borderline personality disorder?
a) Morgan, who chronically over-participates in class and is always eager to show everyone that he has the right answer.
b) Dushal, who is chronically late for class and expects his instructor to spend time to get him caught up when he misses a class.
c) Veronica, who is sometimes very interested in participating in classroom discussions but is sometimes likely to lash out at her instructor or classmates over perceived injustices.
d) Angelica, who does not interact with other students and is sure that her instructor is trying to trick people on exams.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
383. Lesedi seems to cycle between periods of depression, anxiety, and irritability. Her boyfriend, Filip, reports that she has sudden outbursts of rage and, at times becomes physically aggressive with him. Lately, she has begun to cut the inside of her arms and has threatened to commit suicide if Filip leaves her. Which of the following disorders does Lesedi likely have?
a) bipolar disorder
b) antisocial personality disorder
c) borderline personality disorder
d) histrionic personality disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
384. After several years of a tumultuous marriage, Dana’s husband Ted has filed for divorce due to Dana’s reckless, impulsive, and needy behavior. Dana responds by going on a spending and drinking spree. What may explain Dana’s behavior?
a) Dana most likely has borderline personality disorder and is attempting to overcome her fear of abandonment by shopping and drinking.
b) Dana most likely has antisocial personality disorder and continues to manipulate Ted by buying him material things.
c) Dana most likely has obsessive-compulsive disorder and is overwhelmed by the obsession to shop and drink.
d) Dana most likely has dissociative identity disorder and cannot recall that her husband filed for divorce; therefore, she continues to engage in erratic behavior.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
385. How is borderline personality disorder similar to antisocial personality disorder?
a) Both cause social impairment.
b) Both have distinct consciousness integration.
c) Both are forms of schizophrenia.
d) Both are categorized by ritualistic behaviors.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
386. Which of the following is a criticism of the MRI finding that the amygdala and hippocampus are smaller in individuals with dissociative disorders?
a) Persons with dissociative disorders tend to have stunted growth overall due to neglect and abuse.
b) Only females were given the MRI so they would have smaller brain structures.
c) The same brain regions are significantly smaller in individuals with a history of child trauma.
d) The study was done many years ago and improved technology has shown these findings to be inaccurate.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
387. What percentage of the population displays symptoms of borderline personality disorder?
a) 2%
b) 4%
c) 6 %
d) 8%
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
MATCHING QUESTION
388. Match the appropriate words in the left column to the definitions in the right column.
Terms A. Hallucinations B. Delusions C. Psychosis D. Positive symptoms E. Negative symptoms F. Mania G. Equifinality H. Multifinality I. Obsessions J. Compulsions K. Automatic thoughts L. Cyclothymic disorder M. Dysthymic disorder N. Catatonia O. Resilience P. Derailment Q. Phobia R. Panic attack | ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ | Definitions 1. A steady train of unpleasant thoughts about one’s inadequacies. 2. Repetitive and rigid behaviours or mental acts that people perform to reduce anxiety. 3. Individuals from diverse backgrounds can end up functioning in the same way due to life experiences. 4. Periodic short bursts of panic. 5. Rapidly shifting from one topic to another. 6. A loss of contact with reality. 7. A less severe but chronic form of bipolar disorder. 8. Psychomotor symptoms of schizophrenia. 9. Hallucinations, inappropriate affect, and delusions in schizophrenia. 10. Ideas that are believed by a person but have no basis in fact. |
ANSWERS TO MATCHING QUESTION
1. K: Automatic thoughts
2. J: Compulsions
3. G: Equifinality
4. R: Panic attack
5. N: Catatonia
6. C: Psychosis
7. L: Cyclothymic disorder
8. P: Derailment
9. D: Positive symptoms
10. B: Delusions
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
FILL-IN-THE-BLANK
389. The ___ approach to understanding and treating mental illnesses encourages a search for patterns in the symptoms people present with the goal of first identifying a syndrome that is recognized, and about which one can make predictions.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
390. Sam’s depression has caused him to have difficulty getting out of bed in the morning. After many warnings, his employer has fired him. This example demonstrates the characteristic of mental illness known as ___.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
391. A person who deviates from common behaviour patterns or displays odd or whimsical behaviour is called an ___.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
392. Gergana has been admitted to the hospital after taking an overdose of sleeping pills. This is an example of the criteria ___ of abnormal behaviour
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
393. Although it is often cited as a feature of abnormal behaviour, becoming ___ to oneself or to others is the exception rather than the rule.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
394. When clinicians conclude that a person’s symptoms fit a specific category of disorder, they can make a ___.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
395. Dr. Diskler believes that mental illness can be explained solely by biological factors. Dr. Diskler subscribes to the ___ perspective/model.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
396. Dr. Egley is a neuroscientist that believes that psychological disorders are the result of biological, social, psychological, and cultural variables. Dr. Egley subscribes to the ___ perspective/model.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
397. Dr. Chickley is a neuroscientist that believes that a person with depression probably had a genetic predisposition to the disorder and was at some point exposed to an external stressful event. Dr. Chickley subscribes to the ___ perspective/model.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
398. When Yegor was a small child, he and his father were in a serious car accident while driving over a bridge. Now Yegor finds that whenever he drives over a bridge he becomes extremely frightened. According to the ___ perspective, Yegor’s fear is the result of ___ conditioning.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
399. Selective perceptions, magnification, and overgeneralizations are known as ___.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
400. Theorists who believe that individuals are motivated by a need to establish relationships with others are referred to as ___ theorists.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
401. Object relations theorists propose that severe problems in ___ may result in abnormal development and psychological problems during adulthood.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
402. Societies undergoing the process of ___ usually show a rise in mental disorders due to overcrowding and migration.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
403. Major depressive disorder is to ___, as bipolar disorder is to ___.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
404. ___ is a low, sad state in which life seems dark and its challenges seem overwhelming. ___ is a state of breathless euphoria, or at least frenzied energy, in which people may have an exaggerated belief that the world is theirs for the taking.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
405. Major depressive disorder often seems to be triggered by ___.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
406. Neuroscience studies show that depression is linked with low levels of ___.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
407. People with ___ often describe their lives as an emotional roller coaster.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
408. Surveys from around the world indicate that between ___ percent of all adults suffer from a bipolar disorder at any given time.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
409. Recent explanations of generalized anxiety disorder that build upon the theories of Beck and Ellis are known as ___.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
410. According to the ___ theory of generalized anxiety, certain individuals consider it unacceptable that negative events may occur, even if the possibility of occurrence is small.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
411. Surveys indicate that at least ___ of people in Western countries experience social anxiety disorder in any given year.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
412. People with ___ have severe, persistent, and irrational fears of social or performance situations in which embarrassment may occur.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
413. As many as ___ of the people in Canada suffer from obsessive-compulsive disorder in any given year.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
414. The leading explanations for OCD come from the ___ models.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
415. Evidence from brain studies shows that once a stress disorder sets in, individuals experience further biochemical arousal. This continuing arousal may eventually damage key brain areas, particularly the ___ and the ___.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
416. People with ___ experience psychosis, a loss of contact with reality.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
417. Approximately ___ of every 100 people in the world suffers from schizophrenia during his or her lifetime.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
418. ___ are characterized by a pattern of physical complaints with largely psychosocial causes.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
419. Psychodynamic theorists believe that dissociative disorders are a result of extreme ___.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
420. Antisocial people are extraordinarily self-centred and often lack a moral ___.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
421. Borderline personality disorder is characterized by severe instability in ___ and self-concept.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
SHORT ANSWER ESSAY QUESTIONS
422. Describe how dysfunction is used to define abnormal behaviour.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
423. In North America, what classification system is used to categorize individuals with mental illnesses?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
424. In most countries throughout the world, other than North America, what classification system is used to categorize individuals with mental illnesses?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
425. Neuroscientists have linked some mental disorders to deficient or excessive activity of different neurotransmitters. What causes these problems with brain anatomy and chemical functioning?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
426. What stage of fixation from Freud’s psychosexual theory may help explain obsessively neat behaviour?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
427. What purpose or function do compulsions serve?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
428. What kinds of traumatic life events are associated with stress disorders?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
429. Describe the distinction between hallucinations and delusions.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
430. What percentage of people in the United States qualifies for the diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
431. What early childhood experiences may explain the development of borderline personality disorder?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
ESSAY QUESTIONS
432. Define the four Ds common to most definitions of abnormality.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Identify the common features of most definitions of abnormal functioning, and describe how psychological disorders are classified and diagnosed.
Section Reference: Defining, Classifying, and Diagnosing Psychological Abnormality
433. How does socio-economic status (SES) influence psychological abnormality?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
434. Describe the relationship between religion and mental health.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
435. Describe the socio-cultural factors that contribute to psychological disorders.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
436. Explain the family systems theory of abnormality.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
437. Describe the developmental psychopathology model of disorders.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the major models used by psychologists to explain abnormal functioning.
Section Reference: Models of Abnormality
438. Describe the symptoms of major depressive disorder.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
439. How is social support related to depression?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
440. Describe the symptoms of mania.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
441. Summarize the findings of research on the causes of bipolar disorder.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe and differentiate major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Mood Disorders
442. According to the intolerance of uncertainty theory, why do people with generalized anxiety disorder continue to worry?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
443. Describe the distinction between the diagnosis of acute stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
444. What regions of the brain do neuroscientists believe are most important to understanding stress disorders?
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
445. What kind of “avoidance” and “safety” behaviours do individuals with social anxiety disorder take to prevent or minimize social disasters?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
446. Define the four forms that obsessions may take.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
447. Describe the symptoms of PTSD.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
448. What biological factors contribute to the development of stress disorders?
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
449. Describe the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
450. What role does the anxiety feedback system and GABA activity play in the experience of generalized anxiety disorder?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
451. What brain structures are involved in the circuit that produces anxiety reactions?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the various types of anxiety disorders, and explain some causes of these disorders.
Section Reference: Anxiety Disorders
452. Describe and give examples of the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
453. Define the concept of catatonia.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
454. Describe the diathesis–stress explanation for schizophrenia.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
455. Describe the brain abnormalities associated with schizophrenia.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the features of schizophrenia and some theories of what causes it.
Section Reference: Schizophrenia
456. Describe the biological theory for antisocial personality disorder.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
457. How is antisocial personality disorder related to anxiety?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
458. From a psychodynamic standpoint, explain how dissociative personality disorder may develop.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
459. Describe the results of neuroscience studies of antisocial personality patients.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Discuss the features and possible causes of somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative, and personality disorders.
Section Reference: Other Disorders
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