Stress, Coping, And Health Complete Test Bank Ch.14 - Test Bank | Psychology Around Us 4e by Nancy Ogden. DOCX document preview.
CHAPTER 14
STRESS, COPING, AND HEALTH
CHAPTER LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
- Stress is a state brought on by any situation that threatens or appears to threaten a person’s sense of well-being, thus challenging the person’s ability to cope. A situation that triggers the stress response is a stressor. A stressor may be acute (short term) or chronic (long term).
- People may experience stress as frustration, pressure, conflict, or danger.
- Kinds of stressors include daily hassles, life changes (which can be measured by use of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale), traumatic events, chronic negative situations, and special socio-cultural conditions.
2. Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
- There are two main physiological pathways of stress: the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Both lead to activation of the fight-or-flight response, which is an immediate response to a stressor.
- Hans Selye first described the effects of chronic stress, which he called the general adaptation syndrome (GAS). The syndrome has three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.
- Emotional responses to stress generally involve negative emotions. The more stress a person experiences, the more negative the emotions.
- Cognitive appraisal is an important element in responses to stress. Richard Lazarus identified two steps in this process: primary appraisal, in which people assess the severity of the stressor, and secondary appraisal, in which they evaluate how well they can cope with it.
- Individuals vary greatly in their responses to stress. Areas of difference include autonomic activity, explanatory style, personality, and availability of social support.
3. Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
- Coping describes efforts to manage, reduce, or tolerate stress.
- Dealing with stress by lashing out at others, using defence mechanisms such as repression, and engaging in self-indulgent behaviours such as smoking or drinking alcohol, can be destructive when used in excess.
- More constructive coping strategies include directly confronting a stressor in hopes of changing the situation (problem-focused coping) and changing how you feel or think about the stressor to reduce its impact (emotion-focused coping).
4. Explain how stress can cause physical illness and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
- Stress can increase risk for a number of health problems. People with Type A personalities are prone to stress and appear to be at greater risk for coronary heart disease than the more relaxed Type B personalities. Using the Social Readjustment Rating Scale, researchers have found that stress-producing life changes also increase the risk of illness.
- Psychoimmunology is an area of study that examines the links between stress, the immune system, and health.
- Severe stress may interfere with the activity of lymphocytes, a component of the immune system that helps the body to overcome invaders, such as bacteria and viruses.
- Stress-related biochemical changes in the body, such as changes in the activity of norepinephrine and cortisol, can eventually slow the functioning of the immune system.
- Behaviour, personality, and social support are additional factors affecting how much the immune system is slowed down by stress.
- Unlike distress, or negative stress, eustress offers benefits. Optimal levels of stress can promote the development of resilience and facilitate performance, especially for easy or moderately difficult tasks.
5. Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
- Posttraumatic stress disorder is characterized by persistent, frightening thoughts or memories of a traumatic event, along with anxiety, depression, and other symptoms.
- Combat, natural disasters, and abuse and victimization are among the events most likely to cause posttraumatic stress disorder.
- Not everyone affected by unusual trauma develops posttraumatic stress disorder. Factors that affect the likelihood of developing the disorder include biological factors, personality factors, childhood experiences, and the availability of social support.
TRUE-FALSE STATEMENTS
1. A stressor is defined as any situation or circumstance that triggers a stress response.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
2. Frustration occurs while we are gaining momentum toward completing a goal.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
3. Avoidance-avoidance conflicts involve a choice between two equally undesirable outcomes.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
4. There is no evidence to suggest that ongoing stress from daily hassles impairs our immune systems.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
5. Examination of the scores from the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) indicates that high scores in terms life-change units are related to the likelihood of becoming physically ill.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
6. As children progress from 5 years old to 12 years old, behavioural events such as getting into trouble at school become more stressful.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
7. The fight-or-flight response in the brain is an automatic reaction that is unrelated to the physiological effects of stress.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
8. If cortisol levels remain high for extended periods of time, high blood pressure and other adverse health consequences, such as inflammation, anxiety, and depression, may occur.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
9. Bodily arousal is the only dimension of our reaction to stressors that has been studied to date.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
10. The general adaptation syndrome is a six-stage response that predicts physiological resistance to a prolonged stressful event.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
11. People with Type D personalities are best described as relaxed and easy-going.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
12. Coping responses can be adaptive or maladaptive.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
13. Most individuals are consciously aware of the defence mechanisms they employ.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
14. A repressive coping style is used to deal directly with a stressor.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
15. Researchers have found a strong relationship between stress and health.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
16. Norepinephrine increases immune functioning at low levels of stress.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
17. People who respond to stressors with optimism are better prepared to fight off illness due to better immune system functioning.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
18. Feeling detached or dazed is a common symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
19. Males are twice as likely as females to suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
20. People with less hardy personality styles are at greater risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder than those with more resilient personality styles.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
21. Individuals who had childhoods characterized by poverty are no more likely to develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) when confronted with horrific events than those raised under more affluent conditions.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
22. A situation or circumstance that triggers the stress response is called
a) a stressor.
b) pressure.
c) conflict.
d) hassles.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
23. What is the relationship between stress and the stress response?
a) The stress response is the result of the physical and psychological reaction to stress.
b) Stress is caused by the body’s stress response.
c) The stress response is the trigger that causes the stressors to interpret events in a negative manner.
d) Stress is the interpretation of events, whereas stress responses are the triggers.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
24. Which of the following is classified as a chronic stressor?
a) having a disagreement with a family member
b) sitting in a traffic jam on your way home from work
c) flight being delayed because of weather conditions
d) coping with the demands of a high-pressure job
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
25. Which of the following is the best example of a chronic stressor?
a) exam week
b) raising children
c) having the flu
d) getting divorced
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
26. Which of the following is least in danger of suffering the effects of a chronic stressor?
a) Violet, whose 6 year old child has leukemia
b) Herman, who has stayed in an unhappy marriage for six years
c) Joel, who has a supportive family but lives in extreme poverty
d) Jonathon, who moved to a new university and is sharing a dorm room with his best friend
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
27. What is the difference between a chronic stressor and an acute stressor?
a) An acute stressor is less intense, whereas a chronic stressor is very intense.
b) An acute stressor applies to workplace stress, whereas a chronic stressor applies to family stress.
c) An acute stressor has negative health effects, whereas a chronic stressor has negative psychological effects.
d) An acute stressor is over quickly and has a definite end point, whereas a chronic stressor is more long term and lacks an end point.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
28. Valeria is studying for her psychology exam. It is in two days. The psychology exam is an example of ___.
a) stress
b) an acute stressor
c) a chronic stressor
d) distress
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
29. Which of the following is NOT an example of an acute stressor?
a) final exams
b) being stuck in traffic
c) having to pay your phone bill
d) getting a divorce
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
30. Which of the following people is most likely to experience stress?
a) Augustine, who was already considering retirement when he got laid off
b) Georges, who had a difference of opinion with a stranger in a coffee shop
c) Marie, who is a millionaire and got a $100 parking ticket
d) Padma, who forgot there was a calculus test today
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
31. Waldron and Farris both must make a presentation to their psychology class. Although Farris is feeling confident and relaxed, Waldron is very nervous about the presentation. Which of the following provides the best explanation of the two students’ experience?
a) Waldron is experiencing greater conflict about presenting than Ferris.
b) Ferris is experiencing less cognitive dissonance about presenting than Waldron.
c) Waldron has appraised the experience of presenting as more threatening than Ferris.
d) Ferris perceives presenting as a negative experience whereas Waldron perceives it as a positive experience.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
32. Jeremiah has gone away to attend a university out of province. You warn Jeremiah that scales that have specifically targeted stressful experiences of college and university students have found that students tend to experience higher levels of stress associated with ___.
a) fitting in with peers
b) romantic relationships
c) events surrounding exam times
d) missing family members
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
33. Which of the following is NOT one of the four kinds of ways that we experience stress?
a) pressure
b) change
c) conflict
d) danger
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
34. Psychologists have identified several distinct types of stress experiences. Which of the following is one of those types of stress experiences?
a) sensitization
b) frustration
c) happiness
d) change
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
35. Ling oversees keeping the copy room neat and tidy, but her co-workers often leave empty wrappers lying around or do not clean up after themselves. Ling may experience the type of stress known as
a) frustration.
b) pressure.
c) conflict.
d) discord.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
36. Yvonne has had an itchy rash for four months. Although she has seen many specialists and has taken three distinct types of medication, nothing seems to be alleviating her symptoms. Yvonne is beginning to think she will always have the rash. Which type of stress is Yvonne probably experiencing?
a) conflict
b) pressure
c) frustration
d) none of the above
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
37. Which of the following is an example of a stressful situation that would involve frustration?
a) You just started a new job.
b) You cannot decide which restaurant you want to go to for your birthday.
c) You wanted to go to a concert featuring one of your favourite bands, but it is sold out.
d) You need at least a 3.8 GPA to apply to the graduate program you wish to attend.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
38. Which of the following statements about pressure is FALSE?
a) Self-imposed pressure is often more difficult than pressure from others.
b) The presence of an audience always increases pressure.
c) Feelings of pressure are often associated with feelings of distress.
d) Pressure often results from standards being imposed.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
39. Rebecca has applied for a promotion in her job. Rebecca is very anxious about the upcoming interview. She is particularly worried because she feels her boss favours the male employees over the female employees. Based on research discussed in your text, what could be a possible outcome for Rebecca if she loses the promotion to a male employee?
a) The pressure and distress Rebecca feels may cause her to have conflicts with her boss.
b) The pressure and distress Rebecca feels may cause her to feel depressed.
c) The pressure and distress Rebecca feels may cause her to feel she has to work harder.
d) The pressure and distress Rebecca feels may cause her to be unmotivated to do her job in the future.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
40. Kateryna is driving in the fast lane when suddenly someone cuts in front of her, causing her to slam on her brakes. What kind of stress experience is Kateryna experiencing?
a) frustration
b) danger
c) pressure
d) conflict
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress
41. Which of the following is FALSE about the Yerkes-Dodson law?
a) Low levels of physiological arousal yield the best performance under pressure.
b) High levels of physiological arousal yield the best performance under pressure.
c) Moderate levels of physiological arousal yield the best performance under pressure.
d) Both low and moderate physiological arousal yield the best performance under pressure.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
42. About athletic performance, which of the following statements is true?
a) The Yerkes-Dodson law correctly predicts performance.
b) Athletes perform best if they practice under high-pressure conditions.
c) Athletes perform best if they increase their arousal levels right before the competition begins.
d) Different athletes respond best to unique styles and techniques.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
43. When a person must choose between two equally desirable options, what kind of conflict is this?
a) avoidance-approach
b) approach-avoidance
c) approach-approach
d) avoidance-avoidance
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
44. Aurora is stressed. She needs to make a decision, but she is NOT happy with any of the options in front of her. Aurora has been putting this off for months, but now she must decide. Which type of conflict is Aurora likely experiencing?
a) an avoidance-avoidance conflict
b) an approach-approach conflict
c) an approach-avoidance conflict
d) an avoidance-approach conflict
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
45. Madison was asked to the prom by Taylor and Robin. She had trouble deciding which date to accept because she liked them both. Which type of conflict is this an example of?
a) avoidance-avoidance
b) approach-avoidance
c) approach-approach
d) pressure
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
46. Which of the following people is experiencing an approach-approach conflict?
a) Nehir, who cannot decide whether to go out with good friends or stay home and hang out with her sisters who she has not seen in a quite a while
b) Michel, who would like to go out with friends, but is low on cash
c) Linnea, who doesn’t want to study, but is afraid of failing her exam
d) Raga, who wants to go out with her best friend, but wishes her friend’s obnoxious boyfriend weren’t coming along
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
47. Which of the following people is experiencing an approach-avoidance conflict?
a) Nehir, who cannot decide whether to go out with good friends or stay home and hang out with her sisters who she has not seen in quite a while
b) Michel, who was invited to dinner with a girl he likes, but already has plans to go skiing with his dad
c) Linnea, who doesn’t want to study, but is afraid of failing her exam
d) Raga, who wants to go out with her best friend, but wishes her friend’s obnoxious boyfriend weren’t coming along
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
48. Adam is annoyed because his car keeps breaking down, but he doesn’t want to have to make payments on a new car. Adam is experiencing ___.
a) an approach-approach conflict
b) an approach-avoidance conflict
c) an avoidance-avoidance conflict
d) pressure
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
49. Next semester, you must take one required course to complete your psychology major. The two sections of the course are offered at 8:00 a.m. and at noon. As you work until midnight the night before the class, the 8:00 a.m. is not appealing to you, but the section offered at noon is with a professor that has a reputation for being really boring. You now find yourself in a __________________ conflict.
a) an approach-approach
b) an avoidance-avoidance
c) an approach-avoidance
d) accept-rejection
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
50. Which of the following types of conflict is most likely to result in procrastination?
a) an approach-approach conflict
b) an approach-avoidance conflict
c) an avoidance-avoidance conflict
d) There is no way to predict which one is more likely to cause procrastination.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
51. Kaison wants good grades but doesn’t want to study. This is an example of
a) self-serving bias.
b) an approach-approach conflict.
c) an approach-avoidance conflict.
d) an avoidance-avoidance conflict.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
52. All the following are approach-avoidance conflicts EXCEPT ___.
a) wanting a new car, but hating the thought of car payments
b) being embarrassed by your old, beat-up car, but knowing that at least it is paid for
c) wanting a sports car, but being afraid of higher insurance costs
d) being undecided about whether to get the exciting sports car or a roomy SUV
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
53. What is the difference between an approach-approach conflict and an approach-avoidance conflict?
a) An approach-approach conflict is choosing one choice that has multiple positive options, whereas an approach-avoidance conflict is choosing one choice that has both positive and negative aspects to it.
b) An approach-approach conflict is choosing between two equally desirable options, whereas an approach-avoidance conflict is choosing one choice that has both positive and negative aspects to it.
c) An approach-approach conflict is choosing one desirable option after another, whereas an approach-avoidance conflict is choosing one desirable option followed by an undesirable option.
d) An approach-approach conflict is choosing the option that everyone else wants, whereas an approach-avoidance conflict is choosing the less desirable option.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
54. Which of the following is NOT an example of a daily hassle?
a) saying “no” to a persistent salesperson
b) finding that you have run out of coffee
c) misplacing your car keys
d) ending a romantic relationship
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
55. In addition to major stressors such as a bad marriage, war, or a repressive political climate, our daily social lives can also be stressful. What do major stressors have in common with stressors experienced in our daily lives?
a) Both require considerable thought and energy to consistently endure and manage.
b) Both involve encounters with hostile people.
c) Both cause feelings of terror and helplessness.
d) Both result in forced choices and undesirable outcomes.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
56. Manato is trying to watch his cable show when it is suddenly interrupted, and his show is cut off. He immediately tries to call the cable company and gets a message and ends up on hold for 20 minutes. Then he finally reaches a human being and that person puts him on hold for another 10 minutes. When they return, they’ve forgotten his question and put him on hold again. This time they return to say that they can’t help him, but they’ll transfer him to another department. What kind of stress is Manato experiencing?
a) conflict
b) change
c) pressure
d) daily hassles
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
57. Which of the following is true about daily hassles?
a) Daily hassles are usually small, insignificant events.
b) Their impact on health is less than the impact of major life events.
c) Measuring the impact of daily hassles is difficult.
d) Daily hassles only become stressful when they are combined with other events.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
58. What is the likely result for a person who encounters multiple occurrences of minor daily hassles over an extended period of time?
a) Multiple encounters with minor daily hassles will be a major stressor that leads to burnout.
b) Multiple encounters with minor daily stressors will have minimal effect on the ability to cope.
c) Multiple encounters with minor daily stressors will improve the ability to problem solve and increase endurance.
d) Multiple encounters with minor daily stressors will help build resilience to subsequent major stressors.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
59. Which statement describes the difference between a conflict and a hassle?
a) A conflict causes stress and requires that individual decide about a situation, while a hassle causes stress but does not demand a response.
b) A conflict causes an individual to experience an extreme amount of stress, while the stress from a hassle is much more manageable.
c) A conflict can be resolved easily, while a hassle cannot be resolved.
d) A conflict can cause both physical and emotional responses to stress, whereas a hassle generally only causes emotional responses.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
60. Sadie wants to change jobs, but she is worried about leaving her current job because she is comfortable there. She has no idea what to do, but Sadie knows she needs to do something. Marc is driving home from a long day at work when he encounters a traffic jam. He sits there for a half hour becoming frustrated. What is implied here?
a) Sadie is experiencing a conflict, while Marc is experiencing a hassle.
b) Sadie is experiencing a hassle, while Marc is experiencing a conflict.
c) Both Sadie and Marc are experiencing conflicts.
d) Both Sadie and Marc are experiencing hassles.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
61. Which tool is used to measure micro-stressors as a source of stress?
a) Undergraduate Stress Questionnaire
b) Chronic Job Stress Scale
c) Daily Hassles Scale
d) Social Readjustment Rating Scale
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
62. The Social Readjustment Rating Scale, created by Holmes and Rahe, illustrates which of the following concepts?
a) The number of life changing events that occur in a short period of time positively correlates with perceived stress levels.
b) Across cultures people do not rank the magnitude of their stressful events in a similar manner.
c) There is no relationship between stress and illness.
d) All stressors have an equal effect on our stress level.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
63. Which of the following is FALSE regarding the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)?
a) It measures the stressful events within the past year.
b) The scale has been criticized for failing to take cultural differences into account.
c) A score of less than 150 is associated with relatively little stress.
d) The events included on the stress scale are for negative events.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
64. Which of the following statements about the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) is true?
a) Higher scores on the SRRS predict minor illnesses but not major illnesses.
b) Having a score of more than 300 points on the SRRS means that you will become ill in the next year.
c) Higher scores on the SRRS have been associated with the development of cancer.
d) Higher scores on the SRRS are associated with diseases that have a psychological contribution, but not diseases that have only a biological basis.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
65. What would it actually mean if you got a high score on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale?
a) You have undergone many life changes.
b) You have many daily hassles.
c) You put a lot of internal pressure on yourself.
d) You have undergone a traumatic event recently.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
66. Ethan just completed the Social Readjustment Rating Scale and scored 172. What does this mean about his level of stress?
a) He has major life stress.
b) He has moderate stress.
c) He has mild stress.
d) He has very low stress.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
67. Sydney just completed the Social Readjustment Rating Scale and scored 295. What does this mean about his level of stress?
a) She has major life stress.
b) She has moderate stress.
c) She has mild stress.
d) She has very low stress.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
68. Which of the following is/are classified as a powerful stressor(s) according to the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)?
a) divorce
b) death of a spouse
c) facing a jail term
d) all of the above
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
69. How do men and women typically differ with respect to what they consider stressful?
a) Women find failing at their goals as much more stressful than men.
b) Men find personal injury or illness and changes in work responsibilities as much more stressful than women.
c) Women find death of a family member and moving as much more stressful than men.
d) Men find loss of a job and credit problems as much more stressful than women.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
70. Regarding stressful events, young children are likely to consider ___ to be more stressful and adolescents are likely to consider ___ to be more stressful.
a) physical injury; physical injury
b) psychosocial events; psychosocial events
c) psychosocial events; physical injury
d) physical injury; psychosocial events
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
71. Which of the following events would most likely create the highest level of stress for five-year-old Julia?
a) breaking her leg
b) having her best friend tell her she “hates” her
c) getting caught lying to her father
d) not being allowed to have dessert as a punishment for hitting her brother
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
72. Which of the following events would create the highest level of stress for 14-year-old Anson?
a) breaking his leg
b) not having enough money to buy a new video game
c) not being invited to a party his friends are going to
d) his mother going away for a week-long conference
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
73. Which of the following is true about life stressor events in different populations?
a) Women are more likely than men to rate personal injury as more stressful.
b) The things that are most stressful to people remain relatively stable from one generation to another.
c) Traumatic events are short-term stressors, but do not usually have long-term effects once the danger has passed.
d) Most of the stressful events experienced by college or university students are school-related.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
74. All the following are frequent sources of stress for minority group members EXCEPT
a) frequent contact with other minority group members.
b) frequent or blatant displays of racism.
c) subtle messages of inferiority.
d) balancing the demands of two cultures.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
75. Which bodily reaction(s) occur(s) in response to stress?
a) increased respiration
b) increased heart rate
c) tightening of stomach muscles
d) all of the above
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
76. Our bodies are well designed for ________ stress but poorly equipped for ________ stress.
a) physical; emotional
b) emotional; physical
c) temporary; prolonged
d) prolonged; temporary
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
77. Physiologically we have two pathways that respond to stress. These pathways are called the
a) parasympathetic nervous system and thalamic-amygdala-pituitary axis.
b) sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
c) autonomic nervous system and central nervous system.
d) tempo-parietal pathway and dorso-lateral pathway.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
78. The HPA axis is responsible for secreting ___ and the ANS axis is responsible for secreting ___.
a) epinephrine; ACTH
b) ACTH; corticosteroids
c) ACTH; norepinephrine
d) epinephrine; norepinephrine
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
79. Isla was in a bank during a robbery for 20 minutes before help arrived. Silas is a soldier. He has been stationed in a militarized area for the last year, along with a number of other soldiers. What is implied here?
a) Isla has experienced a traumatic event, while Silas is experiencing chronic stress.
b) Isla is experiencing chronic stress, while Silas is experiencing a traumatic event.
c) Both Isla and Silas are experiencing traumatic events.
d) Both Isla and Silas are experiencing chronic stress.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
80. Ella is choosing her classes for next semester. She has found four but needs to pick a fifth. There are two classes she is excited about, but they will NOT both fit in her schedule so she must choose one. Vikram is also choosing his classes. For his last class he must choose between taking chemistry or physics. He does NOT want to take either. What is implied here?
a) Ella is experiencing an approach-approach conflict, while Vikram is experiencing an avoidance-avoidance conflict.
b) Vikram is experiencing an approach-approach conflict, while Ella is experiencing an avoidance-avoidance conflict.
c) Vikram and Ella are both experiencing an approach-approach conflict.
d) Ella and Vikram are both experiencing an avoidance-avoidance conflict.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
81. Why do we have two physiological systems operating independently to react to stress?
a) because one system is for acute stressors and the other is for chronic stressors
b) because different stressors elicit responses from different systems
c) because males rely on one system and females rely on the other system
d) because this ensures that we can mobilize enough energy to deal with a stressor
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
82. Long-lasting, or chronic, events are generally more traumatizing than acute, or short-lasting events. Which of the following is an example of an acute event?
a) Fabia was sexually abused as a toddler and preschooler.
b) Ikaika was in a tsunami and lost many relatives and friends.
c) Darlene’s husband was an alcoholic most of their marriage.
d) Vadik was bullied at school.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
83. SNS is to HPA axis as _____ is to _____.
a) fast; slow
b) cortisol; epinephrine
c) higher energy; lower energy
d) flight-or-fight; tend-and-befriend
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
84. In Pathway 2, the fight-or-flight response begins in the ___.
a) sympathetic nervous system
b) pituitary gland
c) adrenal cortex
d) hypothalamus
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
85. Which is the correct order of physiological response to stress?
a) hypothalamus adrenal medulla pituitary
b) hypothalamus adrenal cortex pituitary
c) hypothalamus pituitary adrenal medulla
d) hypothalamus pituitary adrenal cortex
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
86. Ryder was mugged earlier in the evening. An hour later, as he is giving his statement to the police, he is still feeling stressed. Which stress response system is most likely in effect?
a) Pathway 1 (SNS)
b) Pathway 2 (HPA Axis)
c) Both will be exerting an effect.
d) Neither of these. His motor nervous system is creating the stress at this juncture.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
87. Which of the following is NOT part of the HPA axis?
a) ACTH
b) adrenal cortex
c) pituitary
d) epinephrine
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
88. Esma is walking home through a dark alley when she hears a noise. Which stress response system will be most effective for Esma in the first few minutes in this event?
a) Pathway 1 (SNS)
b) Pathway 2 (HPA Axis)
c) Both will equally effective.
d) Parasympathetic response system
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
89. Walter Cannon proposed that in response to stress, we experience ___.
a) the general adaptation syndrome
b) primary appraisal
c) the fight-or-flight response
d) alarm, followed by resistance, followed by exhaustion
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
90. Epinephrine and norepinephrine are released by the
a) adrenal medulla.
b) adrenal cortex.
c) pituitary gland.
d) hypothalamus.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
91. Cortisol is released by the
a) adrenal medulla.
b) adrenal cortex.
c) pituitary gland.
d) hypothalamus.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
92. The purpose of cortisol is to ___.
a) elevate blood sugar and supply energy
b) trigger the adrenal medulla to produce epinephrine
c) trigger the pituitary to release ACTH
d) increase heart rate, blood pressure and respiration
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
93. Elodie has been under stress for a long time. She is starting to feel anxious and depressed, and her blood pressure is elevated. These symptoms are the result of prolonged ___ activity.
a) norepinephrine
b) ACTH
c) cortisol
d) epinephrine
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
94. Reem has been living at a university far from her home for over a year. She hates living away from home; she misses her parents and siblings, has no close friends and finds her academics to be uninteresting and too challenging. She works part time to help with expenses but hates her job. For several months Reem has felt anxious and depressed, suffered from stomach problems, headaches, and elevated blood pressure. Reem’s symptoms are the result of prolonged ___ activity.
a) norepinephrine
b) ACTH
c) cortisol
d) epinephrine
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
95. Which of the following is an effect of cortisol on bodily organs?
a) Decrease blood sugar.
b) Increase inflammation.
c) Supply energy.
d) Decrease sweating.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
96. Adrenocorticotropic hormone is released by the
a) adrenal medulla.
b) adrenal cortex.
c) pituitary gland.
d) hypothalamus.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
97. According to Selye, ___.
a) we respond to physical stress physiologically, but respond to emotional stress emotionally
b) we respond to stress the same way, whatever its source
c) chronic stress is associated with “fight,” while acute stress is associated with “flight”
d) the resistance stage is characterized by the “fight-or-flight response”
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
98. Which of the following is NOT one of the stages of Selye’s general adaptation syndrome?
a) resistance
b) exhaustion
c) maintenance
d) alarm
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
99. The progression through alarm, resistance, and exhaustion is typical of the
a) HPA axis.
b) ANS axis.
c) fight-or-flight response.
d) general adaptation syndrome (GAS).
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
100. What happens to a person's stress resistance during the alarm phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?
a) It is temporarily higher than normal.
b) It is temporarily lower than normal.
c) It is lowered permanently.
d) There is no effect on a person's stress resistance.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
101. What happens to a person's stress resistance during the exhaustion phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?
a) It remains elevated above pre-stress levels.
b) Nothing happens to a person's stress resistance.
c) It drops below pre-stress levels.
d) Stress resistance varies by individual.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
102. Trang is at the end of the academic semester and is busy with exams and papers. She is feeling tired and anxious but is coping with her workload as she tells herself that the semester is almost over. Trang is experiencing the ___ stage.
a) alarm
b) exhaustion
c) resistance
d) fight-or-flight
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
103. Ann has been working in the same job for 15 years. Over the past year she has begun to dislike her job. Some days it is hard for her to even consider going to work because she dreads it so much. The stress has caused her to lose her appetite, and she rarely sleeps. Which phase of the general adaptation syndrome is Ann experiencing?
a) The exhaustion phase.
b) The alarm phase.
c) The resistance phase.
d) The normative phase.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
104. Several months ago, Gabriel found out that his wife had filed for divorce. He has overcome the initial shock and is now beginning to adapt to living alone but he feels still feels sad and angry. What stage of GAS is Gabriel in?
a) alarm
b) resistance
c) tertiary depletion
d) exhaustion
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
105. Rajmata is driving home when suddenly a small child runs in front of her car. She quickly veers to the right and almost hits a telephone post. Her heart is beating very quickly, and her breathing rate has increased. Which stage of Selye’s general adaptation syndrome is Rajmata experiencing?
a) resistance
b) alarm
c) exhaustion
d) coping
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
106. Hugo is making dinner on the stove when he gets a call from his girlfriend. She is very upset, and he attends to her, completely forgetting the stove. Suddenly Hugo notices a glowing reflection in the window, and he turns and sees that the entire kitchen wall is on fire. What stage of Seyle’s general adaptation syndrome would Hugo enter at this point?
a) resistance
b) exhaustion
c) maintenance
d) alarm
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
107. Minesh is an emergency room doctor who has been treating the victims of a bus accident for the past 24 hours without a break. Just as he finishes with the last patient, he is told that ambulances are bringing in six victims of a house fire. Minesh feels physically exhausted. He does not feel he has enough energy left to treat the new patients, and his body just wants to give up. Which stage of Selyes general adaptation syndrome is Minesh experiencing?
a) resistance
b) alarm
c) exhaustion
d) coping
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
108. Helene has been caring for her elderly mother, who has Alzheimer’s disease, for the past 12 years. As she is leaving the house one day, she has severe chest pains and shortness of breath. The paramedics tell her she has likely had a heart attack. At which stage of GAS would Helene most likely be?
a) alarm
b) resistance
c) exhaustion
d) disease of adaptation
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
109. What is the difference between the resistance and the exhaustion stages of Seyle’s general adaptation syndrome?
a) The resistance stage is when resources are being used to deal with a stressor, whereas the exhaustion stage is when resources are depleted.
b) The resistance stage is when the stressor is being dealt with, whereas the exhaustion stage is when the stressor is over, and resources are being replenished.
c) The resistance stage is when the stressor is first present, whereas the exhaustion stage is when the stressor is being dealt with.
d) The resistance stage is when the body mobilizes its resources, whereas the exhaustion stage is when the body adapts and copes with the stressor.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
110. All the following are accurate statements about Seyle's general adaptation syndrome EXCEPT one. Which is incorrect?
a) When stress is prolonged, the individual becomes accustomed to the threat.
b) Physiological responses to stress differ, or are specific, to specific types of stressors.
c) Continuing exposure to a stress may result in the individual exhibiting increased susceptibility to diseases of adaptation.
d) Initially stress causes an activation of the fight-or-flight response.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
111. Which of the following are diseases of adaptation according to Selye?
a) obesity
b) phobias
c) high blood pressure
d) Parkinson’s disease
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
112. Selye said that the body became vulnerable to _______ because the body is less able to marshal the energy needed to address new stresses while engaged in resisting the previous stress.
a) cancer
b) negative coping responses
c) diseases of adaptation
d) autonomic reactivity
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
113. Which of the following is true about the emotional response to stress?
a) Stress is most likely to produce the emotions of depression and anxiety.
b) People who experience negative emotions in response to stress do so only when stress levels are high.
c) The specific emotional response that people experience when under stress varies with individual situations and personal styles.
d) Some people who are under stress experience negative emotions, while others thrive on stress and experience positive emotions.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
114. Abigail has experienced a very stressful year. Which of the following is likely to be true?
a) Abigail will primarily feel anxious and depressed.
b) If Abigail experiences another stressor, she will then experience negative emotions.
c) Abigail will likely experience anxiety, fear, apprehension, dejection, anger, guilt, and shame.
d) Abigail is probably experiencing negative emotions; however, the type or extent of her emotions will depend on her personal style, her appraisal of the situations, and the types of stressful situations she is facing.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
115. Stella has been planning her wedding for the past year and a half. A week before the wedding, the venue where they were going to hold the reception burned down. Stella begins calling companies to see if they have had any cancellations as well as rental companies to see if it is possible to rent a large tent. Based on Stella’s response to the situation, what was likely her primary appraisal of the situation?
a) She felt very overwhelmed.
b) She viewed it as a challenge.
c) She felt despair because she believed she would have to cancel the wedding.
d) She overreacted and took on too much work to compensate for her anxiety.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
116. During secondary appraisal, ___.
a) we decide how threatening a stressor is
b) we evaluate our ability to cope with a threat
c) we prepare to face the challenge by either fighting or fleeing
d) we activate our ANS and HPA pathways
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
117. Adrian has been skipping a lot of classes this semester and as a result is in danger of failing his third-year psychology course. After carefully examining his grades, his professor tells him that, if he attends class, does well on his term paper and on his final exam, he can still pass the course. Although Adrian understands this, he is feeling very overwhelmed by how far behind he has fallen and does not see how he can ever catch up. What will Adrian’s probable secondary appraisal and response to this stressful situation be?
a) Adrian will work hard to receive the best grade he can, thereby being able to manage the stress.
b) Adrian will not even try to do better, and this will alleviate his stress levels.
c) Adrian will work hard to receive the best grade he can but will experience high stress levels in doing so.
d) Adrian will not even try to do better, and this will cause high stress levels.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
118. Shahid has decided that the best way to deal with his stressor of an upcoming math test is to study fifteen hours a week for the next two weeks and receive extra help from his professor. Shahid has just engaged in _______________________.
a) secondary appraisal
b) primary appraisal
c) rationalization
d) withdrawal
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
119. According to the cognitive-mediational theory of stress, a secondary appraisal involves
a) assessing one’s resources and ability to cope with the stressor.
b) determining the extent of the stressor.
c) figuring out what needs to be done to eliminate the stressor.
d) decreasing the sympathetic nervous system and increasing the parasympathetic nervous system.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
120. What is the difference between a primary appraisal and a secondary appraisal?
a) A primary appraisal involves establishing how the stressor will be dealt with, whereas a secondary appraisal involves gathering resources to deal with the stressor.
b) A primary appraisal involves determining how severe the stressor is, whereas a secondary appraisal involves assessing the resources available to cope with the stressor.
c) A primary appraisal involves contributing in a direct way to minimize the stressor, whereas a secondary appraisal involves indirect opposition to a stressor.
d) A primary appraisal involves using a realistic explanatory style, whereas a secondary appraisal involves using a pessimistic explanatory style.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
121. If our primary appraisal of a stressful event is that it is a challenge that can be overcome, our stress response will be _____ and our secondary appraisal will be _____.
a) limited to the alarm stage; to underestimate our ability to cope.
b) non-existent; overconfident.
c) high; that we have no control.
d) manageable; that we have the resources to cope.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
122. An important variable in determining how we appraise a situation as threatening or stressful has to do with degree to which we
a) have learned from past errors and mistakes.
b) engage in the appraisal process.
c) feel in control of the situation.
d) engage others in the appraisal process.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
123. Ralfs is responding to a stressor. His sympathetic system has activated his adrenal medulla, which has released epinephrine and norepinephrine, raised his blood pressure, increased his respiration and stimulated his muscles. How is this system different from the HPA response?
a) It is faster to influence the body.
b) It causes the release of cortisol.
c) It protects the body from inflammation.
d) It supplies energy to the body.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
124. In a now classic study, Rodin and Langer (1977) examined nursing home residents and found that residents were more likely to live longer if ___.
a) other people took care of all their daily decisions and hassles
b) they didn’t experience any stress
c) they were given more control over daily decisions
d) they had a lot of low-level stressors to keep them occupied
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
125. When Mara discovered that she had woken up late for work she started to panic. Her morning was extremely stressful and by lunch she was frazzled. Slowly, Mara decided to calmly approach her afternoon because it could NOT be any crazier than her morning. Her change in reaction will result in
a) healthier cortisol responses.
b) healthier epinephrine responses.
c) higher norepinephrine levels.
d) lower dopamine levels.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
126. A researcher exposes rats to a stressful environment by exposing them to shock. Some rats (the executive rats) can turn the shock off by making a decision to press the correct lever based on different warning sounds. Other rats (the worker rats) were exposed to the same warning sounds and the same shock but were not given the chance to make decisions about which levers to press. Based on what you know about cognitive responses to stress, you would expect the “executive rat” to have ___ health problems and the “worker rat” to have ___ health problems.
a) more; fewer
b) fewer; more
c) both rats to have the same health problems
d) There is no way to predict the outcome of this study.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
127. Of the following statements regarding cognitive responses to stress, which is NOT true?
a) Stress is composed of two factors, the environmental event and personal factors.
b) Perception of control influences our appraisal of a stressor, even if unrealistic.
c) Appraisal depends on a person’s present psychological state.
d) Our perception of a threat is elevated if we do not believe we have the resources to cope with it.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
128. Which of the following is NOT a factor identified in your text as related to individual differences in response to stress?
a) autonomic reactivity
b) explanatory style
c) intelligence
d) social support
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
129. Physiological differences in _______ cause people to experience stress reactions more often or more intensely than other people.
a) explanatory style
b) autonomic reactivity
c) appraisal
d) somatic arousal
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
130. Autonomic reactivity refers to ___.
a) the degree to which the sympathetic nervous system becomes aroused in response to stress
b) the degree to which coping mechanisms buffer the individual against autonomic reactivity
c) the fact that more stressful events trigger higher HPA responses
d) the fact that some people explain even mildly stressful events as automatically alarming
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
131. Iker and Thomas are getting ready to write a final exam. After they receive the exam, Thomas begins immediately, but Iker is unable to start because his heart is beating rapidly, and he can hardly breathe. Iker is probably experiencing ___.
a) lower levels of autonomic reactivity than Thomas
b) higher levels of autonomic reactivity than Thomas
c) a parasympathetic response
d) a frustration-fear response
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
132. Mr. Cremini has been to the emergency room five times in the past month with complaints of rapid heart rate and difficulty breathing. Each time the doctors have ruled out a heart attack and have suggested that Mr. Cremini is experiencing a reaction to stress. Which of the following best explains Mr. Cremini’s stress response?
a) Mr. Cremini probably has a pessimistic explanatory style.
b) Mr. Cremini probably has an optimistic explanatory style.
c) Mr. Cremini has a low level of autonomic reactivity.
d) Mr. Cremini has an elevated level of autonomic reactivity.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
133. Which of the following individuals is most likely to experience stress?
a) Farrok, who has a best friend to confide in
b) Tegan, who has a Type B personality
c) Sakura, who has a highly reactive autonomic nervous system
d) Eden, who is generally optimistic about the future
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
134. Jesse just had a house fire and has lost most of his possessions. Despite this, he says, “Nobody was hurt, and stuff can be replaced.” Jesse has ___.
a) low autonomic reactivity
b) an optimistic explanatory style
c) a Type B personality
d) a Type C personality
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
135. Finn and Zhu both failed their written driver’s test. Finn believes that he should just give up, that he will never get it right, and that it is a very hard test. Zhu believes that she needs to work harder and practice more before her next test. Which of the two is likely to feel less stress about failing the test?
a) Finn, because he has given up and doesn’t care anymore about failing
b) Finn, because he can attribute his failure to the difficulty of the test
c) Zhu, because she cares about it more than Finn
d) Zhu, because she has an optimistic explanatory style
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
136. Petar is going to audition for a part in the community theatre’s annual production. Before the audition, he tells his friend, “I probably won’t get a part, but maybe everyone else will do even worse than me.” Petar is exhibiting ___.
a) an optimistic brand of pessimism
b) defensive pessimism
c) Type B personality traits
d) Type C personality traits
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
137. Although Bandar does not believe he will ever win the lottery, he continues to buy tickets because, “you cannot win if you don’t have a ticket”. Bandar is exhibiting
a) defensive optimism.
b) optimism.
c) pessimism.
d) optimistic brand of pessimism.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
138. Emily has been a straight “A” student since high school. Now in university, she studies hard and has continued to make the top grades in her program. However, every time she must write a final exam, she tells her classmates that she is certain she will fail. Emily is exhibiting ___.
a) an optimistic explanatory style
b) an optimistic brand of pessimism
c) defensive pessimism
d) a pessimistic explanatory style
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
139. Noor was planning family reunion and wanted to have it outdoors so the children would have room to play without bothering the adults. Her sister, Thalia, was sure this was a mistake. “If something can go wrong, Noor, it will,” she told her sister. “It will rain for sure if we do this.” Noor laughed and said, “I won’t let that happen.” Noor is exhibiting _____ and Thalia is exhibiting _____.
a) an optimistic explanatory style; a pessimistic explanatory style
b) an optimistic brand of pessimism; defensive pessimism
c) an unrealistic appraisal; a realistic appraisal
d) an optimistic explanatory style; an optimistic brand of pessimism
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
140. How is an optimistic brand of pessimism different from being a defensive pessimist?
a) An optimistic brand of pessimism is when you have a Type B personality, and defensive pessimism is when you have a Type C personality.
b) An optimistic brand of pessimism is when you cover up your pessimism with sarcasm, and defensive pessimism is when someone is overly pessimistic.
c) An optimistic brand of pessimism is when you believe things will go wrong but still hope that they won’t, and defensive pessimism is expecting the worst to avoid being disappointed later.
d) An optimistic brand of pessimism is when you blame your pessimism on an external source, and defensive pessimism is when you hide the fact that you’re pessimistic.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
141. Hannah and Leon are each planning to apply to four highly competitive graduate schools. Hannah believes that she probably won’t get in but hopes that she might be lucky and get accepted to at least one of the schools. Although deep down, Leon really hopes that he will be successful, he tells Hannah that he is sure none of the graduate schools will accept him. Hannah is exhibiting ______________ and Leon is exhibiting ____________.
a) defensive optimism; pessimism
b) guarded optimism; defensive pessimism
c) optimistic brand of pessimism; defensive pessimism
d) optimistic brand of pessimism; pessimistic explanatory style
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
142. Which of the following people is more likely to experience more alarm when faced with a stressor?
a) a shy person
b) a bold person
c) a hardy person
d) a Type A person
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
143. Todd always welcomed challenges in daily life and was willing to commit himself to taking control of his life. He saw stressors as opportunities for growth rather than crises. Which type of personality best describes Todd?
a) Type A
b) hardy
c) Type B
d) Type C
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
144. Trika is extremely ambitious in all areas of her life. If she wants something, there is very little that will stop her from achieving her goal. Ivan is competitive in his personal life and his professional life. He is always prepared for a problem to arise, and often considers how to solve them. What is implied here?
a) Both Trika and Ivan have Type A personalities.
b) Both Trika and Ivan have Type D personalities.
c) Trika has a Type A personality, while Ivan has a Type C personality.
d) Trika has a Type B personality, while Ivan has a Type D personality.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
145. Pedro is eager to start a new career; committed to solve any problems that come his way, and believes he has control over what happens in his life. This suggests that Pedro __________________________.
a) uses emotion-focused coping
b) has a hardy personality
c) is at risk for a heart attack
d) will experience more stressors when he is older
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
146. People who welcome challenges and take control in their daily lives are known as ___.
a) Type A personalities
b) Type B personalities
c) Type C personalities
d) hardy personalities
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
147. Savanah is always pleasant to be around. She never seems sad or angry – ever. In fact, even the time that the neighbour’s dog killed her prize rooster, and then the neighbour had the nerve to invite her over for a barbecue to eat said rooster, she just smiled, thanked him for the invitation, and explained that she wasn’t hungry. What type of personality does Rabia has?
a) Type A
b) Type B
c) Type C
d) stress-resistant
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
148. Which of the following is most likely a Type C personality?
a) Arnaud, who is sitting restlessly in his cardiologist’s office
b) Anisa, whose psychologist is trying to get her to talk about why she’s angry
c) Chaman, who waiting to have his ankle x-rayed after an injury during a soccer game
d) Valeria, who has joined a support group after she was diagnosed with cancer
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
149. Jason is a Type B personality. He has just failed an exam. How is he most likely to respond?
a) “This is a going to cause big problems for me in my academic career.”
b) “This is terrible. The instructor is a jerk, and the test was too long.”
c) “This is only one test; I’ll make it up next time.”
d) “I don’t care, and I don’t want to talk about it.”
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
150. Mae is relatively relaxed, patient, easygoing, and friendly. Mae would be classified as having which of the following?
a) Type B personality
b) Type A personality
c) Type C personality
d) high self-esteem
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
151. The personality type identified by Friedman and Rosenman as being most at risk for heart disease is known as ___.
a) pessimistic
b) hardy
c) Type A
d) Type C
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
152. Which of the following statements about the role of social support is FALSE?
a) It may buffer stress by increasing people’s self-esteem.
b) It may buffer stress by providing people with a greater sense of control.
c) It may buffer stress by distracting people from the stressful event.
d) It may buffer stress by reducing physiological arousal.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
153. Which of the following is a physical effect associated with high stress and low social support?
a) poor immune functioning
b) hardiness
c) eustress
d) anxiety
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
154. Social support plays an important role in stress reduction. Select the answer below that has been hypothesized to explain this relationship.
a) The sheer repetition of the circumstances surrounding a stressor can reduce the threat of a stressor. Close friends and relatives provide an audience for this recitation.
b) Presence of those who are trusted may eliminate the need for appraisal allowing for an acceptance of the stressor without a need for evaluation.
c) Presence of close friends and relatives may increase bodily arousal and alertness creating greater autonomic reactivity.
d) Discussion with others may alter perceptions of threat and reduce the appraisal of the stressor’s importance.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
155. The positive role of social support
a) is most effective with stress-resistant personalities.
b) was first revealed in animal studies.
c) has little impact on those with Type A personality.
d) eliminates the role of appraisal.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
156. Coping is best defined as
a) efforts to manage, decrease, or tolerate stress.
b) the ability to push negative feelings out of awareness.
c) maintaining calmness in the face of stress.
d) the sharing of emotions and experiences to deal with stress.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
157. Elin is about to write her final exams and she is already stressed out. To help her deal with her stress, she decides to eat a big green salad, go for a long and slow jog through the park, and get a chocolate milkshake. What are Elin’s efforts to decrease and manage her stress called?
a) coping
b) appraising
c) self-defending
d) self-disclosing
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
158. Logan is frustrated because he is stuck in traffic and late for work. He bangs the steering wheel and curses out loud. What are Logan’s efforts to manage the situation called?
a) coping
b) appraising
c) self-defending
d) self-disclosing
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
159. Jania has been taking care of her terminally ill mother for the past three months. She also works full time and cares for her two children. To cope with the stress she is under, Jania employs a few different coping strategies depending on the situation. Jania could be described as ___.
a) coping-accommodated
b) coping-adaptive
c) coping-flexible
d) coping-freestyle
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
160. One explanation for the link between laughter and health is that laughter
a) is associated with higher intelligence and therefore better decision-making.
b) is associated with better coping styles.
c) reduces blood pressure.
d) creates serotonin.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
161. Which of the following statements regarding laughter and health has NOT been found in research?
a) Laughter is associated with improvement in immune system activity.
b) Laughter is associated with better heart health.
c) Laughter is associated with increased aerobic activity.
d) Laughter is associated with greater social support.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
162. Which is the best known practice of meditation that occurs in modern society?
a) mantra
b) concentrative
c) yoga
d) opening-up
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
163. Most prominently, meditation is associated with the Buddhist and the ___ religions.
a) Confucian
b) Muslim
c) Hindu
d) Shinto
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
164. In the ___________meditative technique, the person imagines his or herself as another person.
a) opening-up
b) mindfulness
c) concentrative
d) mantra
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
165. Persons who practice concentrative meditation actively concentrate on an object, word, phrase, or idea called a
a) chant.
b) trance.
c) mantra.
d) monotone.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
166. Rémy practices mindfulness meditation. Which of the following describes what Rémy is doing?
a) Rémy clears his mind and focuses on a single object.
b) Rémy ‘s attention is widened to include all thoughts, feelings, and sensations that flow through his mind.
c) Rémy moves his body in fluid gentle ways to heighten his focus.
d) Rémy incorporates prayer and communication with a deity figure into his meditation.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
167. Which of the following occurs during concentrative meditation?
a) The meditating person clears their mind and focuses on a single object.
b) Attention is widened to include all activities and sounds around the meditating person.
c) The meditating person moves their body in fluid gentle ways to heighten their focus.
d)This form of mediation incorporates prayer and communication with a deity figure.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
168. Research suggests that people in meditative states experience the same brainwaves as those experienced just prior to sleep EXCEPT for
a) experienced meditators.
b) novice meditators.
c) children.
d) women.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
169. Which of the following is true about lashing out?
a) It provides a cathartic, cleansing effect that allows emotions to vent.
b) Lashing out is usually related to an explosive personality type.
c) Most adults lash out at some point in time.
d) Expressions of anger typically create more outbursts, not fewer.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
170. Matthew has been arguing with his new boss almost every day for the past month. After one particularly stressful day, he comes home to find that his roommate had left dirty dishes in the sink. Matthew becomes extremely angry and tells his roommate that he wants him to move out. Which coping style is Matthew using?
a) self-defence
b) reaction formation
c) lashing out
d) repression
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
171. Taleda works full time and has three children to care for. Additionally, her mother-in-law, who has Alzheimer’s disease has been living with her and her husband for the past three months. Taleda’s husband has just told Taleda that he finds her to be angry all the time and, if she does not learn to control her temper, he is going to leave her. Which of the following is probably at the root of Taleda’s problem?
a) Taleda is under stress and is using a repressive coping style.
b) Taleda is under stress but is not coping-flexible.
c) Taleda is under stress and is using a lashing-out coping style.
d) Taleda is under stress and is using a displacement coping style.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
172. Terry borrowed his stepfather’s car to run some errands. When he returned the car, the taillight was broken. His stepfather was angry, but he didn't say anything to Terry. Later, when Terry’s dog was whining Terry’s stepfather yelled at her and sent her out into the yard in the rain. Terry’s father is exhibiting the coping style called ______________.
a) blocking
b) lashing out
c) repression
d) self-defence
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
173. Why is lashing out NOT an effective coping strategy?
a) It involves reinterpreting the stressor so that the negative aspects are less upsetting.
b) It diverts us from the stressor, but it doesn’t get rid of it.
c) It requires that we lie to ourselves about the stressor.
d) It doesn’t relieve the stress and may even increase it.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
174. Yuan refused to believe that his girlfriend was cheating on him even after multiple friends provided him with irrefutable evidence. Which type of coping style is Yuan using?
a) behavioural
b) repressive
c) lashing out
d) adaptive
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
175. Problem-focused coping is most effective in which type of situation?
a) when the individual has some control over the situation
b) when the individual does not want to completely eliminate the behavior
c) when the individual is using defense mechanisms
d) when the individual only wants to change his or her emotional reactions
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
176. Laredo’s doctor has just told him he has high blood pressure. When asked about his stress levels, Laredo responds that, although he has been under stress, he can push it aside and not let it bother him. Which of the following is most likely to be a factor related to Laredo’s high blood pressure?
a) Laredo is using a problem-focused coping style which causes increased autonomic arousal.
b) Laredo is using lashing out as a coping style and his outbursts are increasing his blood pressure.
c) Laredo is using a repressive coping style and although this masks the stress, it causes increased autonomic arousal.
d) Laredo is using an emotion-focused coping strategy which causes increased autonomic arousal.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
177. Janice has decided to update her professional skills and resume after several interviews have NOT produced job offers. Corrine, after feeling rejected, has realized that the job position she was NOT offered simply was NOT the right path for her career. How do Janice and Corrine compare?
a) Janice is employing problem-focused coping and Corrine emotion-focused coping.
b) Janice is employing emotion-focused coping and Corrine problem-focused coping.
c) Janice is employing a defense mechanism and Corrine a healthy coping mechanism.
d) Janice is employing a healthy coping mechanism and Corrine a defense mechanism.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
178. A repressive coping style most closely resembles Freud’s defence mechanism called ___.
a) regression
b) repression
c) reaction formation
d) rationalization
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
179. How does someone with a repressive coping style deal with stressors?
a) They lash out at someone else.
b) They share their stressful experience with others to ease the burden.
c) They do the opposite of what they feel or believe.
d) They consistently block negative feelings and discomfort out of awareness.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
180. Which coping strategy is associated with the most health problems?
a) using a lashing-out strategy
b) relying on a self-indulgent strategy
c) having a repressive coping style
d) increasing self-disclosure
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
181. Which of the following is true about self-defence as coping?
a) It involves lashing out.
b) It involves putting something out of mind.
c) It is an adaptive way of coping.
d) It involves engaging in “comfort behaviours.”
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
182. Which of the following individuals is most likely using a self-defence coping strategy to deal with the stressor of losing a job?
a) Rylee, who goes for a long jog and kicks a bench
b) Ben, who says that the job was holding him back and he was going to quit anyways
c) Ivy, who eats a tub of cookie dough ice cream
d) Jayden, who sees this as an opportunity to pursue his dream of publishing his novel
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
183. Which maladaptive coping strategy sounds very similar to Freud’s defence mechanism of reaction formation?
a) self-indulgence
b) self-defence
c) lashing out
d) self-disclosure
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
184. What do you think the primary difference between emotion-focused coping and a defense mechanism?
a) whether or not reality is distorted
b) whether or not the ego is soothed
c) whether or not emotions are regulated
d) whether or not anxiety is alleviated
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
185. Joyce and Diane are adult sisters. Their elderly mother is in the hospital after a fall. After the initial shock wears off, Verna goes through her mother’s house installing safety precautions, such as handrails, nonslip mats, etc. Diane is reluctant to help Joyce but sits with their mother in the hospital all day every day. Diane reasons that accidents simply happen. What can be said of Joyce and Diane?
a) Diane is employing emotion-focused coping, while Joyce is employing problem-focused coping.
b) Diane is employing problem-focused coping, while Joyce is employing emotion-focused coping.
c) Diane and Joyce are both employing emotion-focused coping.
d) Diane and Joyce are both employing problem-focused coping.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
186. What do self-defence and self-indulgence have in common?
a) They both damage relationships with other people.
b) They both sacrifice long-term coping for short-term relief.
c) They both decrease autonomic responsiveness.
d) They both involve unconscious processes.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
187. Which of the following is NOT true about self-indulgence?
a) It may contribute to serious health effects.
b) It may produce greater pressure.
c) It is never an effective coping mechanism.
d) It may involve consuming drugs and alcohol.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
188. Which of the following is NOT a self-indulgent coping strategy?
a) eating chocolate
b) drinking alcohol
c) ignoring the issue
d) surfing the internet
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
189. Lesedi and her housemates are feeling very stressed out about their upcoming exams. They decide to blow off some steam and hit the clubs, making this a night to last them until exams are over. What kind of coping strategy is Lesedi using?
a) self-indulgent coping
b) lashing out
c) emotion-focused
d) self-defence
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
190. Aubrey has just asked his boss for a pay raise and was turned down. After work, he goes to a bar and drinks five beer. What coping style does this example illustrate?
a) lashing out
b) over-compensating
c) self-defence
d) self-indulgence
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
191. Micah’s partner broke off their five year relationship abruptly and unexpectedly. When family and friends tried to talk with him about the ending of the relationship, he brushed them off saying he didn’t care; he was ready to be on his own and had been feeling tied down. Despite his claims to the contrary, Micha seems depressed and anxious to those around him. What coping style might Micha be using?
a) self-indulgence
b) displacement
c) regressive
d) repressive
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
192. Cliff spent money recklessly and irresponsibly. He lied to his partner about his spending and got the family into deep debt. When inevitably faced with his poor financial choices he vehemently denied doing anything wrong, claiming he was only trying to take care of his family. What coping style might Cliff be using?
a) self-indulgence
b) displacement
c) regressive
d) repressive
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
193. Problem-focused coping is best defined as
a) coping strategies focused on changing how we feel about the stressor.
b) coping strategies focused on handling the stressor directly.
c) coping strategies focused on denying the existence of the stressor.
d) coping strategies focused on using exercise and meditation to decrease the effects of a stressor.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
194. Gabriella’s car has broken down – again. She decides that this is it and she trades it in for a better, more reliable car. What kind of coping strategy did Gabriella use?
a) self-disclosure
b) lashing out
c) emotion-focused coping
d) problem-focused coping
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
195. Kian just lost his job. He has already begun to review newspaper and internet ads. Kian is using ___.
a) defensive coping
b) problem-focused coping
c) emotion-focused coping
d) cognitive reappraisal
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
196. Jiang suffers from the sleep disorder narcolepsy which causes him to uncontrollably fall asleep. He finds that he has a very difficult time staying awake in the afternoon, which has proven to be very disruptive to his work. Which of the following would be an example of a problem-focused coping strategy for Jiang?
a) Jiang can use cognitive reappraisal to convince himself that he can stay awake until the end of the workday.
b) Jiang can ask his boss if he can take a two-hour lunch so he can nap, but then stay later in the day.
c) Jiang can tell himself that this is not a problem; he just needs to be determined and to think more positively.
d) None of the above describe a problem-focused coping strategy.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
197. If you want to apply a problem-focused form of coping to answer difficult questions on this exam, your best strategy would be to _____.
a) make your best guess and cross your fingers
b) argue with your teacher after class that some questions were unfair
c) mark the difficult questions and return to them after checking other questions for clues
d) spend a minute thinking about all the good things that have happened to you this week
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
198. Which of the following is a constructive coping strategy when confronted with a stressor that you CANNOT exert control over?
a) self-indulgence
b) self-defence
c) emotion-focused coping
d) lashing out
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
199. Filip got suspended from his university due to low grades. Although he was upset about it at first, he is now looking at it as an opportunity to start something new. What kind of coping strategy is Filip using?
a) problem-focused coping
b) self-indulgent
c) emotion-focused coping
d) self-defence
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
200. Which of the following persons is effectively using emotion-focused coping?
a) Roscoe decided that his poor grade on the math test was because his teacher was boring.
b) Logan decided that not making the basketball team would give him more time to focus on his studies and finish college sooner.
c) Shayma decided that all men were jerks after being dumped by five men in five years.
d) Meriem decided to ignore the lump in her breast, telling herself that it was probably no big deal.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
201. Which of the following about emotion-focused coping is FALSE?
a) It sometimes includes cognitive reappraisal.
b) It may include changing the way we feel about a stressor.
c) It is more appropriate in some situations than problem-focused coping.
d) It involves dealing directly with the stressor to reduce its effects.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
202. Farida is very nervous about an upcoming surgery. Which of the following would be an effective coping strategy for Farida to use?
a) repressive coping
b) emotion-focused coping
c) problem-focused coping
d) defensive coping
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
203. Santino’s girlfriend just broke up with him. To cope with the hurt he is feeling, he convinces himself that it is for the best because she was always criticizing him. Santino is using _________________ which is part of ____________ coping.
a) self-defence; problem-focused
b) self-defence; emotion-focused
c) cognitive reappraisal; problem-focused
d) cognitive reappraisal; emotion-focused
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
204. What is the difference between problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping?
a) Problem-focused coping involves dealing directly with the stressor, whereas emotion-focused coping involves changing how we feel about the stressor.
b) Problem-focused coping involves avoiding the stressor, whereas emotion-focused coping involves lying to ourselves about the stressor.
c) Problem-focused coping involves getting rid of the source of the stressor, whereas emotion-focused coping involves lashing out.
d) Problem-focused coping involves self-defensive procedures, whereas emotion-focused coping involves self-indulgent procedures.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
205. Problem-focused is to emotion-focused as _____ is to _____.
a) direct; reinterpretation
b) avoidance; lying
c) denial; lashing out
d) self-defensive procedures; self-indulgent procedures
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
206. Maliya lives alone and has just been diagnosed with an illness that may require a lengthy recovery process. She has no strong connections to her family or her community. What is likely to happen to her?
a) It is likely Maliya will have more physical problems and a slower recovery.
b) It is likely Maliya will have adaptive cortisol responses to stress and will need hospitalization.
c) It is likely Maliya has a positive outlook on life and will cope with the situation easily.
d) It is likely Maliya will have the coping skills to manage this situation.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
207. What challenges may a person who is socially isolated and lacking in social skills face as he or she ages?
a) He or she will be at greater risk for developing illness and disease.
b) He or she will be more dependent on others for activities of daily living.
c) He or she will rely on deviant ways to socialize and interact with others.
d) He or she will be less likely to eat a healthy diet rich in immunity-boosting nutrients.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
208. Esteban was only 27 when his wife died. He had no children, never remarried, and withdrew from many social and familial relationships as he got older. In his early 60s, he noticed that he was ill frequently and had a lot of trouble sleeping. Why is this?
a) People who lack social skills have more anxiety and are at greater risk for developing disease.
b) People who do not have children get ill more frequently than those that do have children.
c) People without spouses and families to take care of them when they are ill do not recover easily.
d) People who lack social skills are also less likely to visit doctors when they are ill.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
209. Which of the following people is the best example of someone using cognitive reappraisal?
a) Jake, who has become involved in volunteer work since he was forced into early retirement
b) Zaida, who finds comfort through prayer while taking care of her sick child
c) Emanuel, who just broke up with his girlfriend and has started exercising instead of dating
d) Tenshi, who just lost her job and is relieved that she won’t have to deal with her difficult boss anymore
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
210. What do exercise and meditation have in common?
a) They both increase cortisol levels.
b) They both increase self-confidence.
c) They both activate the sympathetic nervous system.
d) They both lower blood pressure.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
211. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benefit of social support?
a) providing financial resources
b) providing problem-focused assistance
c) reducing the impact of threatening situations
d) reducing the number of threatening situations
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
211. Which of the following is a psychosomatic disease?
a) ulcers
b) hypertension
c) migraine headaches
d) all of these
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
212. José’s doctor has told him he has a psychosomatic disease. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be true?
a) José is under stress.
b) José is a hypochondriac.
c) José has some psychological symptoms.
d) José has physical symptoms.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
213. Alice suffers from migraines; Ibrahim suffers from asthma; Barkley suffers from ulcers; and Pierre suffers from hypertension. Which of these individuals have diseases solely physical in nature, diseases considered psychosomatic, and diseases exacerbated (made worse) by stress?
a) Barkley – solely physical; Alice, Ibrahim and Pierre psychosomatic; none exacerbated
b) Barkley, Ibrahim – solely physical; Alice and Pierre psychosomatic; none exacerbated
c) none – solely physical; Alice, Ibrahim and Pierre psychosomatic; Barkley exacerbated
d) Alice – solely physical; Ibrahim psychosomatic; Barkley and Pierre exacerbated
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
214. A psychosomatic disease is ___.
a) imagined by the patient
b) caused by psychological stress and pressure
c) caused by an interaction of physical and psychological factors
d) a syndrome with an unknown cause
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
215. Which of the following is NOT a disease that is psychosomatic in nature in any form?
a) migraine headaches
b) ulcers
c) asthma
d) bipolar disorder
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
216. Which of the following is FALSE about myocardial infarction?
a) It is responsible for more than 48,000 deaths in Canada annually.
b) It is caused by a combination of organ weakness and infection.
c) It is the second leading cause of death in Canada for men and women over 45.
d) It is more likely to occur in an individual with Type A personality.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
217. Sergio is impatient and cynical. He frequently gets into disagreements with other people. Sergio runs an elevated risk for developing ___.
a) cancer
b) diabetes
c) coronary heart disease
d) mental illness
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
218. Which of the following people are at greatest risk of developing coronary heart disease?
a) Marie, who has few friends because of her hostile, distrustful nature
b) Felix, who has some Type A personality characteristics but does not tend to be hostile
c) Pau, who works most evenings and weekends
d) All of these people are equally at risk.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
219. Which of the following people is least at risk for developing coronary heart disease?
a) a person with a Type A personality
b) a person with a Type B personality
c) a person with a Type C personality
d) a person with a coronary-prone personality
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
220. Kenzo is at his doctor’s office for a yearly checkup. During the checkup Kenzo tells the doctor about how his employees do NOT do their jobs correctly and that he always needs to fix their mistakes. Kenzo also looks at the clock often, saying he really needs to go back to the work. Which of the following best explains what the doctor will likely tell Kenzo?
a) Kenzo is at high risk for high blood pressure and potentially heart disease, due to his Type A behavior patterns.
b) Kenzo is at risk for a compromised immune system and potentially cancer, due to his Type A behavior patterns.
c) Kenzo could be at risk for heart disease and stroke, due to his Type B behavior patterns.
d) Kenzo could be at risk for developing a gastric ulcer, due to his Type B behavior patterns.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
221. Which of the following aspects of a Type A personality is most associated with coronary heart disease?
a) impatience
b) cynicism
c) competitiveness
d) hostility
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
222. Which of the following statements is true?
a) Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in middle-aged and older men, but cancer is the leading cause of death in middle-aged and older women.
b) People with Type B personalities are also called coronary-prone personalities.
c) Coronary heart disease is caused by an interaction between physical and psychological factors.
d) Extreme competitiveness and time pressure are the primary factors associated with elevated coronary risk in Type A personalities.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
223. Sara is doing research on the relationship between Type A patterns of behavior and positive affect. She believes that the two could be related to healthier behaviors and higher immunity. What experiment do you think she could set up to prove this point?
a) Sara should find a group of individuals who are often argumentative, negative, and always expecting something bad to happen. She should then work to increase their positivity and overall contentment with their lives. Sara should monitor their blood pressure for the duration of the study.
b) Sara should find a group of individuals who have very little tendency toward competitive or aggressive behaviors. Then she should work with them to increase their positive affect, which will increase their confidence.
c) Sara should work with a group of individuals who have high levels of ambition in regard to their jobs. She should then explore the idea behind positive affect and see how their ambition increases the positivity.
d) Sara should find confident, relaxed, laid back individuals and monitor their blood pressure before and after working with them on creating a positive affect.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
224. Which area of study investigates the link between stress, the immune system, and health?
a) psychoneuroimmunology
b) psychopharmacology
c) health psychology
d) endocrinology
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
225. While all of the personality characteristics of Type A behavior can cause problems, the one MOST associated with an increased risk of heart disease is
a) cynicism and hostility.
b) exaggerated time urgency.
c) competitiveness.
d) intense ambition.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
226. What is psychoneuroimmunology?
a) the study of how our immune system affects our psychological health
b) the study of the links between stress, health, and the immune system
c) the study of the relationship between health-related factors and psychological well-being
d) the study of how the immune system changes over time in response to environmental stress
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
227. White blood cells that circulate through the lymphatic system and blood stream are called
a) lymphocytes.
b) hemoglobin.
c) natural killer T-cells.
d) cytokines.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
228. Yael had regular blood tests due to a health condition. Because of this, Yael happened to be given a blood test during the final exam period in her last year of university. Which of the following might her physician have been likely to report back to Yael?
a) elevated levels of lymphocytes
b) low levels of lymphocytes
c) low levels of norepinephrine
d) low levels of cytokines
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
229. Kaelyn feels very stressed. In the last year, she has been solely responsible for caring for a bereaved parent, three young children, one diagnosed with autism, and has had to manage her career where she supervises several employees. She also has a self-focused spouse who spends money they don’t have and who is rarely home. All the following might be outcomes for Kaelyn EXCEPT
a) increased viral and/or bacterial infections
b) low levels of lymphocytes
c) psychosomatic illnesses
d) low levels of cytokines
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
230. Which of the following statements about lymphocyte production is true?
a) Stress causes the number of lymphocytes to increase.
b) Lymphocytes carry oxygen to various parts of the body.
c) Lymphocytes are a specific type of killer T-cell.
d) Bereaved people have shown lower lymphocyte levels than people in control groups.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
231. Kaleem’s lymphocyte levels are suppressed. Kaleem may be at immediate risk for ___.
a) coronary heart disease
b) ulcers
c) influenza
d) schizophrenia
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
232. Many students develop colds and other minor illnesses during final exam week. Based on the research into the physical responses to stress, why does this happen?
a) Stress raises the level of neuropeptides and amino acids.
b) Stress lowers the level of lymphocytes in the students’ blood.
c) Stress lowers the level of cytokines in the students’ blood.
d) Stress reduces the level of immune system activity.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
233. Muhammad’s wife of 20 years passed away a month ago. What changes are likely present in Muhammad’s immune system?
a) His lymphocytes aren’t functioning normally.
b) His cytokines are too low.
c) His norepinephrine levels are low.
d) His cortisol levels are very low.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
234. Although Rinshō’s daughters look after him, he is very lonely since the death of his wife. Rinshō looked after his wife for the many years she deteriorated before dying of Alzheimer’s disease. The current level of social support Rinshō is receiving might offset some physiological effects but what changes are likely present in Rinshō’s immune system?
a) His lymphocytes aren’t functioning normally.
b) His cytokines are too low.
c) His norepinephrine levels are low.
d) His cortisol levels are very low.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
235. How can cytokines, which help fight infection, contribute to heart disease, stroke, and other illness?
a) High stress causes the lymphocytes to bind to cytokine receptors, which in turn weaken the body’s defences against bacteria and viruses.
b) High stress causes the adrenal glands to release cortisol, which in turn inhibits the cytokines.
c) High stress leads to high cytokine levels, which in turn leads to chronic inflammation.
d) High stress leads to low cytokine levels, which in turn excite norepinephrine receptors.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
236. After long term exposure to a stressor causes high levels of _____ leading to chronic _____.
a) cytokines; inflammation
b) cytokines; lymphocyte destruction
c) lymphocytes; infection
d) lymphocytes; cytokine destruction
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
237. Cytokines ___.
a) help reduce inflammation
b) are proteins that bind to receptors throughout the body
c) are also called stress hormones
d) are white blood cells
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
238. What do lymphocytes, corticosteroids, and cytokines have in common?
a) They are all part of the HPA pathway.
b) They are all part of the ANS pathway.
c) They all enhance immune functioning at low stress levels and impair it at high stress levels.
d) They are all components of white blood cells.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
239. Tabitha is a third year university student who always seems to become ill during the final exam period. Which of the following would NOT be true?
a) Tabitha has lower levels of lymphocytes.
b) Norepinephrine is inhibiting Tabitha’s lymphocytes.
c) Cortisol in Tabitha’s body is suppressing the production of cytokines.
d) Cortisol is sending inhibitory messages to the Tabitha’s immune system.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
240. Tengfei has been feeling stressed lately and as a result his immune system is not functioning at its best. Which of the following biochemical changes could NOT have caused this?
a) too much cortisol
b) too much norepinephrine
c) too many cytokines
d) too many lymphocytes
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
241. The production of norepinephrine causes ___ in lymphocyte production at low stress levels and causes ___ in lymphocyte production at high stress levels.
a) increases; increases
b) increases; decreases
c) decreases; decreases
d) decreases; increases
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
242. How is norepinephrine related to immune functioning?
a) At high stress levels, it has no impact on immune functioning, but at low stress levels, it decreases immune functioning.
b) At low stress levels, it has no impact on immune functioning but at high stress levels it increases immune functioning.
c) At high stress levels, it increases immune functioning, but at low stress levels, it decreases immune functioning.
d) At low stress levels, it increases immune functioning, but at high stress levels, it decreases immune functioning.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
243. During periods of high and prolonged stress, norepinephrine ___ lymphocyte production and corticosteroids ___ lymphocyte production.
a) increases; increases
b) increases; decreases
c) decreases; decreases
d) decreases; increases
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
244. Why do corticosteroids suppress immune system functioning?
a) Corticosteroids help calm the body by giving inhibitory messages.
b) They bind to the cytokines.
c) They trigger the release of norepinephrine.
d) They cause the adrenal cortex to produce ACTH.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
245. Which characteristic(s) is/are associated with inflammation?
a) swelling
b) heat
c) redness
d) all of the above
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
246. Which of the following is NOT a biochemical change that we see with increased stress levels?
a) norepinephrine inhibits lymphocyte activity
b) decreased inflammation throughout the body
c) cortisol stimulates the production of cytokines
d) too much cortisol inhibits lymphocyte activity
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
247. Anxiety and depression contribute to impaired immune functioning because they are associated with ___.
a) increased lymphocyte production
b) decreased cytokine production
c) unhealthy behaviours
d) ANS overactivity
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
248. Some studies have shown a link between Type C personality and increased rates of cancer. This link may exist for Type C for all the following reasons EXCEPT that those ___.
a) who have difficulty acknowledging feelings may be more prone to stress
b) with a repressive coping style tend to have less successful recoveries
c) with a helpless coping style tend to have less successful recoveries
d) with worry, gloominess, and social inhibition may be more prone to stress
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
249. How are Type A and Type C personalities different in terms of the effects on our health?
a) While someone with a Type A personality is more likely to have coronary heart disease, someone with a Type C personality is more likely to get cancer.
b) While someone with a Type A personality is more likely to have depression, someone with a Type C personality is more likely to have anxiety.
c) While someone with a Type A personality is more likely to have arthritis, someone with a Type C personality is more likely to have lupus.
d) While someone with a Type A personality is more likely to get cancer, someone with a Type C personality is more likely to have a stroke.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
250. Which of the following is associated with poorer health?
a) regular church attendance
b) ignoring negative feelings
c) belonging to a small, close-knit community
d) constructive coping
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
251. According to Selye, eustress refers to ___.
a) physiological stress
b) psychological stress
c) positive stress
d) negative stress
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
252. Today, eustress is defined as ___ levels.
a) distress
b) positive stress
c) negative stress
d) optimal stress
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
253. Heidi is experiencing eustress in her daily life. What is this likely to do to her physical and psychological health?
a) Her physical health will suffer but her psychological health will benefit.
b) Her physical health will benefit but her psychological health will suffer.
c) Both her physical and psychological health will benefit.
d) Both her physical and psychological health will suffer.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
254. Which of the following situations is the best example of eustress?
a) Akiko is struggling to complete the last question on a major exam.
b) Mose is performing his usual, moderate workout at the gym.
c) Alban just sprained his ankle competing in a gruelling tennis match.
d) Sharon gets anxious and worried prior to her appointment at the dentist.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
255. What is the difference between distress and eustress?
a) Distress is the negative health effects that a stressor can have, whereas eustress is the positive health effects that a stressor can have.
b) Distress is how we feel about a stressor prior to coping, whereas eustress is the feeling we have about a stressor after coping.
c) Distress is the negative emotions that accompany a stressor, whereas eustress is the negative thoughts that accompany a stressor.
d) Distress is stress caused by unpleasant situations, whereas eustress is the optimal level of stress needed to promote health.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
256. Elsa just got married and within a month of the wedding she was pregnant. Although she is very excited about both life events, she confides to her best friend that she feels very stressed out. Based on the research, what should her friend say in response?
a) Even positive major life events can cause great deals of stress.
b) Elsa should seek help from a counsellor if she’s feeling stressed.
c) With all these wonderful events in her life, something is very wrong if she feels stress.
d) Stress only comes from negative events, so perhaps unconsciously she really isn’t happy about being married and having a baby.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
257. All the following are empirically supported benefits of stress EXCEPT
a) Optimal levels of stress promote positive development.
b) Inoculation to lower levels of stress can be used to control higher levels of stress.
c) Eustress is defined by the stressor itself rather than by levels of stress.
d) Posttraumatic growth is defined by building strength and resilience to adverse events and stress.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
258. In the past year, Hashem has experienced many very stressful events. Now that everything has been resolved, he finds that he feels proud of how he handled all the experiences, and the things he learned. The next time he faces a stressor, Hashem is sure he will be even better equipped to handle it. Hashem has experienced ___.
a) eustress
b) posttraumatic growth
c) inoculation
d) stress-vulnerability
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
259. Kooru is about to be a contestant on the popular TV show ‘Survivor’, and in preparation for the conditions she will have to endure, she spends long hours in a hot sauna and drinks little water. She also eats very little to get her body used to maintaining its weight on few calories. What is Kooru doing?
a) training her Type D personality for the rigors ahead
b) inoculating against future stress
c) engaging in posttraumatic growth
d) trying to stimulate her immune system
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
260. Fatima is preparing to take the Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT) so she can apply to medical school. She knows that she will have a limited amount of time to complete the test, and she has heard that the questions are very difficult. To try to lower the stress she feels about taking the test, she goes to the MCAT’s online website to take the practice tests. Fatima is engaging in ___.
a) posttraumatic growth
b) eustress
c) inoculation
d) constructive coping
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
261. Elevated levels of stress can be beneficial if ___.
a) the level of stress in a controlled situation is higher than the stress people would subsequently encounter
b) the task is complex or difficult
c) the task is easy
d) the task is moderately difficult
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
262. Hudson is performing a complex task. What level of stress would be ideal for Hudson if he is going to do his best on the task?
a) low
b) moderate
c) high
d) it wouldn’t matter; stress levels have nothing to do with performance on tasks of different difficulty
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
263. Chloe must drive to another city to help a friend who is experiencing a crisis. Most of the driving will be on a straight, largely unoccupied highway; therefore, this should be a somewhat simple task. What type of arousal would be optimal for this simple task?
a) low level
b) moderate level
c) high level
d) the level of arousal depends on Chloe’s ability to cope with a simple task
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
264. Ethan has a summer job working on an automobile assembly line. His task is to put four bolts in a car door and then pass it on to the next stage of assembly. Which of the following would be likely to optimize Ethan’s productivity?
a) Set a high quota of number of pieces Ethan must get done each hour.
b) Play relaxing background music to reduce the workplace stress.
c) Give Ethan frequent breaks.
d) Change Ethan’s job on the assembly line each week.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
265. Aminata is a sprinter in a track and field competition. Aminata would benefit from a _________ level of stress because her running in the race would be a task of __________ complexity.
a) low; low
b) low; high
c) high; low
d) low; high
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
266. Which type of task is best suited to moderate levels of stress?
a) easy
b) medium
c) difficult
d) all types of tasks benefit from moderate levels of stress
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
267. Individuals experiencing a traumatic event such as rape, a tsunami, a severe car accident, or who are witnesses to murder may experience severe psychological symptoms that last for months or years. This constellation of symptoms are known as
a) stress-related dissonance.
b) posttraumatic stress disorder.
c) acute stress disorder.
d) depression-related stress response.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
268. _______ is a disorder characterized by persistent distressing thoughts of a specific event, accompanied by feelings of intense fear and helplessness.
a) Posttraumatic stress disorder
b) Major Depressive Disorder
c) Primary stress disorder
d) Acute Stress Disorder
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
269. Which symptom(s) characterize(s) posttraumatic stress disorder?
a) sleep disorder
b) difficulty concentrating
c) extreme guilt
d) all of the above
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
270. Luiz is suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder. Which of the following symptoms is he LEAST likely feeling/expressing?
a) difficulty concentrating
b) repeatedly talking about the event
c) nightmares connected to the traumatic event
d) feel detached from others
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
271. Forty-eight year-old Rafal had a difficult life. His mother was an alcoholic and he never knew his father. Rafal’s family never had enough food to eat, and their home was dirty and infested with vermin. Rafal left home at a young age and was himself addicted to drugs and alcohol for a time. He finally got control of his life and joined the military. However, two years ago, while on a peacekeeping mission in Darfur, Rafal was severely injured in an attack and two of his comrades were killed. Given Rafal’s background we would assume that
a) Rafal is likely to be inoculated to the symptoms of PTSD.
b) Rafal is at some risk of developing the symptoms of PTSD.
c) Rafal is at high risk of developing the symptoms of PTSD.
d) We do not have enough information to know whether Rafal is at risk for PTSD or not.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
272. Petra served three years in the military, two of which she spent in Afghanistan. Since returning to Canada, she has been plagued with nightmares, has given up many of the activities that she used to enjoy, and she frequently has memories of terrible things that happened during the mission. Petra likely suffers from ___.
a) stress inoculation
b) posttraumatic growth
c) trauma repressive disorder
d) posttraumatic stress disorder
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
273. All the following are symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) EXCEPT ___.
a) extreme feelings of guilt
b) difficulty concentrating
c) manic behaviours
d) sleep disturbances
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
274. Which estimated percentage of Canadians will suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder during their lifetimes?
a) 15%
b) 12%
c) 10%
d) 8%
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
275. Your text discusses several factors that affect the likelihood that someone will develop posttraumatic stress disorder. Which of the following is NOT one of these factors?
a) education level
b) personality type
c) childhood events
d) social support
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
276. Which of the following childhood experiences is LEAST likely to contribute to posttraumatic stress disorder when confronted with a stressful event later in life?
a) poverty
b) abuse
c) parents with a psychological disorder
d) authoritative parenting style
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Synthesis
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
277. Which of the following people would be at higher risk of developing PTSD?
a) Carolyn, who has a hardy personality.
b) Dan, who believes that everything that happens to us is predetermined by fate.
c) Grayson, who has a Type B personality.
d) Jayden, who is in the military.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Synthesis
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
278. Which of the following increases the likelihood that someone will develop posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD)?
a) They did not exhibit symptoms of psychological illness prior to the trauma occurring.
b) They have hardy personality traits.
c) They have less resilient personalities.
d) They view negative events as being beyond their control.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
279. Which of the following is a potential biological effect of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
a) damage to the hippocampus
b) damage to the adrenal medulla
c) reduced norepinephrine production
d) reduced cortisol production
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
280. How can posttraumatic stress disorder cause biological reactions that make the disorder more persistent?
a) The increase in sympathetic nervous system activity can decrease the functioning of the parasympathetic nervous system.
b) The increase in stress hormones shrinks the hippocampus, which is a structure that contributes to controlling the body’s stress hormones.
c) The increase in norepinephrine decreases the number of receptors that help calm the body.
d) The increase in cortisol levels causes the body to deplete itself of norepinephrine.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
281. Melba was taken to the hospital after being sexually assaulted. Which of the following would put Melba at risk for developing PTSD?
a) higher than normal epinephrine levels
b) lower cortisol levels
c) exaggerated response of the HPA axis
d) a smaller than normal hippocampus
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
282. Ansil has been diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder. What is likely to be true about Ansil’s biochemical reactions?
a) His sympathetic nervous system is less reactive, and his norepinephrine system is over-reactive.
b) His sympathetic nervous system is over-reactive and his HPA axis is less reactive.
c) His hippocampus is overactive, and his fight-or-flight response is extended.
d) His prefrontal cortex is shrinking, and his hindbrain is static.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
283. Which of the following individuals has most likely been diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder given that their situation is matched correctly with a telltale biochemical outcome?
a) Dax, who was attacked by a homophobic mob and has an exaggerated sympathetic system response and a blunted HPA axis response.
b) Hayleigh, who was buried in the rubble from her apartment building for three days following an earthquake and has a larger than average hippocampus.
c) Sky, who was a combat veteran and saw people tortured and killed and has a blunted sympathetic system response and a heightened HPA axis response.
d) Jorge, who was the sole survivor of ten people in a helicopter crash, who has low cortisol and norepinephrine levels.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
284. Which of the following people are most likely to develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
a) people with an optimistic explanatory style
b) people who have come from economically affluent backgrounds
c) people who have no previous experience with trauma in childhood
d) people who view life’s negative events as beyond their control
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
285. Which of the following people is most likely to experience posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
a) Nathalie, who was sexually assaulted, and had support from family and friends
b) Jiang, who lives in Calgary and watched the events of 9/11 on TV
c) Roos, who had a car accident, and is now afraid to drive
d) Pierre, who provided support services to troops returning from Iraq
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
286. Which of the following people is most likely to experience posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
a) Rabia, who was in a terrorist attack, and was raised by a loving and supportive single mother
b) Abbi, who was raped, and treated with dignity and respect by first responders and hospital personnel
c) Ezra, who was in a typhon that capsized the ferry he was in, leaving him in the water for hours, and who was raised by a schizophrenic father and a nurturing but depressed mother
d) Benoit, a gay man who was attacked and robbed outside his apartment building, and has a strong support system composed of friends and family
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
287. Which of the following traumatic events is NOT one of the common causes of posttraumatic stress disorder?
a) victimization
b) natural disasters
c) car accidents
d) combat
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
288. Jade has been diagnosed with PTSD. Based on what you know about the most common causes of PTSD, which of the following is the LEAST likely cause of her disorder?
a) Jade was in combat.
b) Jade has a friend, Lucinda, who was victimized.
c) Jade was in a natural disaster.
d) Jade witnessed traumatic events through the media.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
289. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding posttraumatic stress disorder?
a) Men are twice as likely as women to develop PTSD.
b) Persons who watch traumatic events through the media can develop PTSD.
c) Persons who view negative life events as being within their control are less likely to develop PTSD.
d) Persons who grow up in poverty are more likely to develop PTSD.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
290. Which of the following statements is true about posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
a) The symptoms are intense in the beginning, but do not typically produce lasting psychological effects.
b) It tends to have the greatest effect on those who are already psychologically vulnerable.
c) It affects about 4% of the Canadian population at some point in their lives.
d) Men are more likely to develop the disorder than women.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
291. Ira has elevated levels of cortisol in his urine and his blood is showing high levels of norepinephrine. What is most likely wrong with Ira?
a) He has posttraumatic stress disorder.
b) He is depressed.
c) He has obsessive-compulsive disorder.
d) He has somnambulism.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
292. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) differs from regular stress in several ways. Which of the following is NOT one of those ways?
a) PTSD is only present in adults, whereas stress is experienced by both children and adults.
b) PTSD is much more intense than regular stress.
c) PTSD is caused by something considered much more traumatic than regular stress.
d) PTSD is longer-lasting than regular stress.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
293. Of the following symptoms which is NOT commonly associated with posttraumatic stress disorder?
a) guilt
b) detachment from others
c) compulsion
d) avoidance
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
MATCHING QUESTION
294. Match the appropriate terms in the left column to the definitions in the right column.
Terms A. Acute stressor B. Chronic stressor C. Micro-stressors D. Frustration E. Conflict F. Primary appraisal G. Secondary appraisal H. Coping I. Repressive coping J. Self-indulgent coping K. Problem-focused coping L. Emotion-focused coping M. Immune system N. Eustress O. Inoculation | ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ | Definitions 1. Efforts to manage, reduce, or tolerate stress 2. Appraisal of one’s personal resources and ability to cope with a stressor 3. Exposing oneself to a relatively low level of stress in a controlled situation to improve later performance in a more stressful situation 4. Coping by denying negative feelings and discomfort and pushing such emotions out of awareness 5. When efforts are aimed at dealing directly with the stressor in some way 6. Discomfort brought about by two or more goals or impulses perceived to be incompatible 7. A stressful situation or circumstance that is more long term and often lacks a definite endpoint 8. An emotion people experience when thwarted in pursuit of a goal 9. Appraisal of a stressor to determine how severe it is 10. Everyday annoyances that leave us feeling upset and at the end of our rope |
ANSWERS TO MATCHING QUESTION
1. H: Coping
2. G: Secondary appraisal
3. O: Inoculation
4. I: Repressive coping
5. K: Problem-focused coping
6. E: Conflict
7. B: Chronic stressor
8. D: Frustration
9. F: Primary appraisal
10. C: Micro-stressors
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
FILL-IN-THE-BLANK
295. A short-term stressor that has a definite endpoint is called a(n) ___ stressor.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
296. When we find ourselves thwarted in the pursuit of a goal; we experience the type of stress called ___.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
297. Josie really wanted to go to Vancouver and attend the University of British Columbia but moving to British Columbia meant living her romantic partner and friends and family in Saskatoon. Josie is experiencing a(n) ___ conflict.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
298. Shifts in life circumstances that require adjustment are referred to as life ___.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
299. Some victims of extraordinarily traumatic events may develop ___, a condition characterized by persistent thoughts or memories of the event.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
300. The first theorist to connect bodily arousal with emotional responses to the need for fight-or-flight was ___.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
301. The fight-or-flight response is an early ___ adaptation.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
302. Researchers have found that the more stress a person experiences, the more ___ his or her emotions become.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
303. What is one of the greatest appeals of meditation?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
304. Basic differences in autonomic ___ may cause some people to experience stress reactions more often and more intensely than other people.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
305. People with Type ___ personalities tend to be competitive, ambitious, and in a hurry.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
306. People who can depart from their preferred coping styles to meet the demands at hand are known as ___ individuals.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
307. Overeating, smoking cigarettes, and consuming drugs to feel better are examples of ___ coping strategies.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
308. Changing how we feel about a stressor that we have little control over is associated with ___ coping.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
309. During concentrative meditation, a person actively concentrates on an object, word, or idea called a(n) ___.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
310. The technical term for a heart attack is ___.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
311. White blood cells that circulate through the lymphatic system and bloodstream are called ___.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
312. Pleasant stressors produce a state called ___.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
313. The estimated percentage of people who experience posttraumatic stress disorder in Canada is ___.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
314. Abnormal activity of the hormone ___ is associated with the likelihood of developing posttraumatic stress disorder.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
315. Those who view negative events as being beyond their ___ are likely to develop posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD).
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
SHORT ANSWER ESSAY QUESTIONS
316. Provide an example of a chronic stressor in your own life.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
317. Define pressure as a type of stress.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
318. Out of many, describe two types of situations that may produce feelings of endangerment.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
319. What range of scores on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) indicates moderate stress?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
320. Provide two examples of events that could lead to posttraumatic stress disorder.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
321. What glands does the hypothalamus use to influence bodily organs indirectly?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
322. Name three of the types of stressors Selye applied to his experimental animals.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
323. Name two psychological disorders whose symptoms people may experience when facing severe stress?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
324. What type of explanatory style is related to the belief that despite setbacks, things will improve?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
325. What type of personality is associated with turning anger inwards and lacking the ability to cope with relationship problems in an effective manner?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
326. What does “lashing out” refer to within the context of coping?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
327. Describe three techniques that can be used to obtain the deeply relaxing and pleasant feelings of a meditative state.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
328. Name two common physiological effects individuals who use repressive coping often experience.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
329. Define cognitive reappraisal.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
330. What type of personality is often described as a coronary-prone personality?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
331. What bodily system identifies and destroys foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
332. When a stressor is detected, the sympathetic nervous system releases which neurotransmitter?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
333. In what situation may norepinephrine improve immune function?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
334. How is eustress defined by modern psychologists?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
335. What is a more recent and increasingly common source of posttraumatic stress disorder today?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
ESSAY QUESTIONS
336. Name a psychological factor that determines whether an event will initiate stress.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
337. Distinguish internal sources of pressure from external sources of pressure. Provide an example of each.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
338. Define daily hassles and provide an example from your own experience.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
339. Discuss two shortcomings of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
340. Describe how the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal pathway works.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
341. Describe Selye’s theory of how humans respond to stress.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
342. Describe Lazarus’ cognitive-mediational theory of emotions.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
343. Describe two attributes of a pessimistic explanatory style.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
344. Discuss the impact that social support has on stress reactions?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
345. Describe three positive physiological effects of meditation.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
346. Discuss the long-term effects of lashing out in response to stress.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
347. Describe a situation in which self-indulgent coping strategies may be comforting. Describe a situation in which self-indulgent coping strategies are ineffective.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
348. Provide an example of problem-focused coping.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
349. Describe the interaction of psychological and physiological factors in producing coronary heart disease.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
350. When and for what purpose do corticosteroids produce inhibitory messages in the body?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
351. Describe the process of inoculation.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
353. Describe how the events of September 11, 2001, caused lingering psychological effects.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
354. What brain structure may be damaged by continued biochemical arousal associated with posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD)?
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
355. Describe two childhood experiences that may place an individual at a higher risk of developing the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
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