Treatment Of Psychological Chapter 16 Test Bank Docx

Student name:__________

1) ________ is a psychologically based treatment in which a trained professional—a therapist—uses psychological techniques to help someone overcome psychological difficulties and disorders, resolve problems in living, or bring about personal growth.

A) Phototherapy
B) Psychotherapy
C) Biomedical therapy
D) Physiotherapy

2) Therapy that relies on drugs and other medical procedures to improve psychological functioning is referred to as

A) phototherapy.
B) psychotherapy.
C) biomedical therapy.
D) physiotherapy.

3) Today therapists use a(n) ________ approach to therapy, which means they use a variety of methods with an individual patient.

A) existential
B) behavioral
C) psychoanalytical
D) eclectic

4) ________ are professionals with a PhD or PsyD who have also completed a postgraduate internship. They specialize in assessment and treatment of psychological difficulties, providing psychotherapy and, in some U.S. states, can prescribe drugs.

A) Psychoanalysts
B) Psychiatrists
C) Psychiatric social workers
D) Clinical psychologists

5) ________ are professionals with a PhD or EdD who typically treat day-to-day adjustment problems, often in a university mental health clinic.

A) Counseling psychologists
B) Psychiatrists
C) Licensed professional counselors
D) Psychoanalysts

6) Which of the following mental health professionals is correctly matched with a brief description?

A) counseling psychologist—treats everyday adjustment problems, often in a university mental health clinic
B) psychiatrist—specializes in Freudian treatment techniques
C) psychoanalyst—prescribes medication and treats severe disorders
D) clinical social worker—holds PhD; assesses and treats psychological difficulties

7) Professionals with a Master's degree who provide therapy to individuals, couples, and families and who hold a national or state certification are called

A) counseling psychologists.
B) psychiatrists.
C) licensed professional counselors.
D) psychoanalysts.

8) Professionals with a Master's degree and specialized training who may provide therapy, usually regarding common family and personal problems, are called

A) counseling psychologists.
B) psychiatric social workers.
C) licensed professional counselors.
D) psychoanalysts.

9) ________ therapy seeks to bring unresolved past conflicts and unacceptable impulses from the unconscious into the conscious, where patients may deal with the problems more effectively.

A) Cognitive
B) Psychodynamic
C) Behavioral
D) Humanistic

10) Psychodynamic therapy involves

A) the consideration of unresolved past conflicts and unacceptable impulses.
B) the use of drugs and medical procedures.
C) behavior modification techniques.
D) an attempt to challenge the patient's current thinking patterns.

11) The most common defense mechanism is

A) dissociation.
B) projection.
C) reaction formation.
D) repression.

12) Which of the following statements best expresses the relationship between psychoanalysis and psychotherapy?

A) Psychoanalysis is limited to dream analysis.
B) Psychotherapy is one type of psychoanalysis.
C) Psychoanalysis is one type of psychotherapy.
D) The two are unrelated.

13) ________, developed by Freud, aims to release hidden unconscious thoughts and feelings in order to reduce their power in controlling behavior.

A) Psychoanalysis
B) Transactional analysis
C) Meta-analysis
D) Microarray analysis

14) The surface description of a dream is called the ________ content.

A) latent
B) philological
C) semiotic
D) manifest

15) The underlying meaning of a dream which reveals the true unconscious meaning of the dream is called ________ content.

A) latent
B) philological
C) semiotic
D) manifest

16) Noah dreams that he suddenly becomes paralyzed as he tries to cross a busy intersection. In Freudian terms, this is the ________ content of Noah's dream. The underlying meaning of the dream is the ________ content.

A) manifest; repressed
B) manifest; latent
C) repressed; manifest
D) repressed; latent

17) ________ is an inability or unwillingness to discuss or reveal particular memories, thoughts, or motivations.

A) Resistance
B) Transference
C) Dissociation
D) Projection

18) After telling his psychoanalyst about his relationship with his ex-wife for a few minutes, Jerome suddenly changes the subject. Jerome is exhibiting:

A) resistance.
B) transference.
C) a latent conflict.
D) projection.

19) ________ is the transfer of feelings to a psychoanalyst of love or anger that had been originally directed to a patient's parents or other authority figures.

A) Regression
B) Transference
C) Dissociation
D) Projection

20) What is transference?

A) The transfer of a learned response from one task to another similar task
B) The transfer of irrational cognitions to the self
C) The transfer of strong feelings about parents or authority figures to a psychoanalyst
D) A behavioral technique invented to facilitate the transfer of learned behaviors from the session to the outside world

21) Which of the following is a suitable way of handling transference?

A) The therapist should discourage and attempt to minimize the patient's transference.
B) The therapist can take advantage of transference to help the patient "redo" difficult relationships.
C) The therapist should simply ignore the patient's transference.
D) The therapist should refer the patient to another professional toward whom the patient is unlikely to demonstrate transference.

22) Who among the following therapists is most likely following Freud's psychoanalytic methods in treatment?

A) Said, who helps his patient redo a difficult interaction the patient had with her son
B) Lian, who asks her patient to create a list of his fears in order of increasing severity
C) Zoe, who helps her patient discover ways of thinking more positively about himself
D) Nadia, who openly challenges her patient's patterns of thought that are dysfunctional

23) How does contemporary psychodynamic therapy differ from classic psychoanalysis?

A) Contemporary psychodynamic therapy generally lasts longer than classic psychoanalysis.
B) Today, psychoanalysis takes a less directive role than was the case in the past.
C) Classic psychoanalysts concentrated more on an individual's current relationships and specific complaints than contemporary therapists.
D) Contemporary therapists put less emphasis on a patient's past history and childhood than classic psychoanalysts.

24) Despite being criticized, why has psychodynamic therapy remained a viable approach to psychological treatment?

A) It facilitates the development of deep insight into one's life.
B) It is brief and inexpensive.
C) It is more objective than are some other forms of therapy.
D) It doesn't differentiate between articulate and less verbal patients.

25) ________ treatment approaches make use of the principles of learning, such as reinforcement and extinction, and assume that normal and abnormal behaviors are both learned.

A) Cognitive
B) Psychodynamic
C) Behavioral
D) Humanistic

26) Which of the following approaches to psychotherapy is correctly matched with its description?

A) psychodynamic approach—Treatment aims to change maladaptive thinking patterns.
B) behavioral approach—Classical and operant conditioning principles are used to change people's behavior.
C) psychoanalysis approach—Treatment aims to change a patient's dysfunctional cognitions about the world.
D) humanistic approach—Therapy aims to bring unconscious conflicts and impulses into the conscious.

27) According to a behavior therapist, how might psychological disorders be treated most effectively?

A) Patients should learn new behaviors to replace their faulty skills.
B) Patients should say aloud whatever comes to mind.
C) Unconscious conflicts should be brought to light.
D) Neurotransmitter irregularities should be rectified through drugs.

28) ________ is a form of therapy that reduces the frequency of undesired behavior by pairing an unpleasant stimulus with undesired behavior.

A) Systematic desensitization
B) Aversive conditioning
C) Manifest structuring
D) Exposure treatment

29) ________ is a behavioral technique in which exposure to an anxiety-producing stimulus is paired with relaxation to reduce or eliminate anxiety.

A) Systematic desensitization
B) Aversive conditioning
C) Manifest structuring
D) Exposure treatment

30) Jayden, a therapist, is treating Kayla, who is afraid of closed spaces. Jayden trains Kayla in relaxation techniques and then asks her to list her fears in increasing order of severity. He asks Kayla to relax her body and think of the first situation listed in the hierarchy of her fears. Once Jayden is convinced that she is able to think of her fear in a relaxed state, he asks her to move on to the next situation, and so on. When Kayla succeeds in imagining herself in all the fear-invoking situations listed, Jayden asks her to use a crowded elevator. Identify the behavioral treatment Jayden uses in this scenario.

A) contingency contracting
B) systematic desensitization
C) aversion therapy
D) cognitive appraisal

31) Giovanni is addicted to cocaine; Hans has an extreme fear of dogs. Which alternative below correctly identifies the behavioral treatment most appropriate for each of these individuals?

A) Giovanni—aversive conditioning; Hans—exposure treatment
B) Giovanni—systematic desensitization; Hans—exposure treatment
C) Giovanni—aversive conditioning; Hans—systematic desensitization
D) Giovanni—exposure treatment; Hans—aversive conditioning

32) Which of the following statements is true about systematic desensitization?

A) It involves the pairing of an unpleasant stimulus with undesired behavior.
B) It involves the construction of a hierarchy of fears by a patient.
C) It involves administering an electric current of 70–150 volts to a patient's head.
D) It involves examining dreams to find clues to unconscious conflicts and problems.

33) ________ is a behavioral treatment for anxiety in which people are confronted either suddenly with a stimulus that they fear.

A) Aversive conditioning
B) Systematic desensitization
C) Transference
D) Flooding

34) How do flooding treatments differ from systematic desensitization?

A) Flooding treatments use a hierarchy of anxiety-provoking stimuli; systematic desensitization does not.
B) Flooding treatment gauges neurotic symptoms; systematic desensitization does not.
C) Flooding treatment does not involve relaxation training; systematic desensitization does.
D) Flooding treatment is a very complicated form of therapy; systematic desensitization is not.

35) Frida has an extreme fear of dogs. As part of her treatment, her therapist leaves her in a room with a trained dog for a few hours. Identify the form of therapy used by Frida's therapist.

A) cognitive appraisal
B) systematic desensitization
C) transference
D) flooding

36) In the context of operant conditioning techniques, which of the following is true of the token system?

A) An individual is rewarded for desired behavior with vouchers such as play money, which he or she can exchange for actual rewards.
B) The anxiety response of an individual is reduced by pairing an anxiety-producing stimulus with deep relaxation.
C) An individual is administered an electric current of 70–150 volts for a brief duration.
D) The frequency of an individual's undesired behavior is reduced by pairing an aversive, unpleasant stimulus with the undesired behavior.

37) ________ rewards a person for desired behavior with a poker chip or some kind of play money.

A) The token system
B) Contingency contracting
C) Observational learning
D) The appraisal technique

38) The token system is most often used

A) in institutional settings, for individuals with relatively serious problems.
B) as an appraisal technique.
C) by friends in a dorm.
D) as a classroom management technique.

39) Jordan is an elementary school teacher. He awards play money to his students when they complete individual class assignments without distractions. He lets them collect the play money and redeem it for their favorite action figures. However, each time they fail to do homework, they lose the money. In this scenario, Jordan is using the operant conditioning technique called

A) aversive conditioning.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) the token system.
D) transference.

40) In ________, the therapist and client draw up a written agreement.

A) the token system
B) contingency contracting
C) observational learning
D) the appraisal technique

41) ________ is the process in which the behavior of other people is modeled to systematically teach them new skills and ways of handling their fears and anxieties.

A) Systematic desensitization
B) Contingency contracting
C) Observational learning
D) Exposure therapy

42) A patient with social anxiety is asked to watch a short video in which an individual greets strangers in a crowded room, makes small talk, and smiles pleasantly. The individual in the video appears to gain pleasure from these activities. The behavior therapy technique used in this scenario is

A) systematic desensitization.
B) contingency contracting.
C) observational learning.
D) aversive conditioning.

43) Which of the following statements is true of behavior therapy?

A) It works especially well for eliminating anxiety disorders.
B) It emphasizes the past history and childhood of the patient.
C) It is based mainly on psychoanalytic approaches.
D) It involves the use of transference and dream interpretation.

44) How might one best respond to the charge that behavior therapy produces only a superficial change in external behavior?

A) Research shows that behavior therapies produce the same sorts of insights into one's life that one associates with psychoanalytic and humanistic therapies.
B) Neuroscientific evidence shows that behavioral treatments produce actual changes in the functioning of the brain.
C) External behavior is a result of internal functions.
D) Research shows that behavior therapies and cognitive therapies are fundamentally the same.

45) ________ evidence shows that behavioral treatments can produce actual changes in brain functioning, which suggests that behavioral treatments can produce changes beyond external behavior.

A) Neuroscientific
B) Psychodynamic
C) Cognitive
D) Hearsay

46) ________ treatment approaches teach people to think in more adaptive ways by changing their dysfunctional notions about the world and themselves.

A) Cognitive
B) Psychodynamic
C) Behavioral
D) Humanistic

47) ________ approach is a treatment approach that incorporates basic principles of learning to change the way people think.

A) Psychodynamic-cognitive
B) Humanistic-behavioral
C) Cognitive-behavioral
D) Psychodynamic-humanistic

48) ________ is a form of therapy that attempts to restructure a person's belief system into a more realistic, rational, and logical set of views by challenging dysfunctional beliefs that maintain irrational behavior.

A) Multimodal therapy
B) Rational-emotive behavior therapy
C) Dialectical behavior therapy
D) Prolonged exposure therapy

49) Which of the following is a characteristic of cognitive therapy?

A) It is relatively long term and usually lasts 10 to 15 years.
B) It focuses on the past experiences of the patient.
C) It emphasizes the fact that life is in reality sometimes irrational.
D) It is highly structured and focuses on concrete problems.

50) Which of the following therapies emphasizes the challenging of irrational, unrealistic beliefs?

A) multimodal therapy
B) rational-emotive behavior therapy
C) dialectical behavior therapy
D) prolonged exposure therapy

51) Rational-emotive therapy is associated with ________; cognitive-behavioral approach with ________.

A) Beck; Ellis
B) Beck; Seligman
C) Ellis; Beck
D) Ellis; Seligman

52) Which of the following correctly illustrates a term in Ellis's A-B-C model?

A) activating condition—"I must get the top score in the class; a perfect score."
B) irrational belief—extreme anxiety
C) emotional consequence—a midterm test is scheduled for next week
D) irrational belief—"I will never get a good score on my test."

53) Andrea is a lawyer who is devoted to her work. When she loses one of her clients' case, she feels guilty and thinks she is incompetent. When she voices her feelings of inadequacies and fears to her therapist, he challenges her beliefs and helps her see that she lost the case not because of her incompetency but because her client was not forthcoming with all pertinent details. In this scenario, which type of therapy is likely being used by Andrea's therapist?

A) cognitive behavior therapy
B) rational-emotive behavior therapy
C) person-centered therapy
D) flooding therapy

54) In ________ appraisal, clients are asked to evaluate situations, themselves, and others in terms of their memories, values, beliefs, thoughts, and expectations.

A) cognitive
B) psychodynamic
C) behavioral
D) humanistic

55) How is cognitive therapy different from rational-emotive therapy?

A) It entails a more confrontational therapist.
B) It entails a less confrontational therapist.
C) It is relatively long term and loosely structured.
D) It aims to change people's behavior, rather than their thought pattern.

56) Which of the following is true of the cognitive approach to treatment?

A) It views abnormal behavior as a symptom of some underlying cause.
B) It ignores the fact that life is in reality sometimes irrational.
C) It is flexible and open to incorporating elements of other approaches to treatment.
D) It seeks to bring unresolved past conflicts from the unconscious into the conscious.

57) ________ therapy is based on the rationale that people have control of their behavior, can make choices about their lives, and are essentially responsible for solving their own problems.

A) Cognitive
B) Psychodynamic
C) Behavioral
D) Humanistic

58) According to humanistic therapists, psychological disorders result from

A) the inability to find meaning in life and connection to others.
B) unconscious conflicts and early experiences.
C) irrational thought patterns.
D) faulty learning.

59) Person-centered therapy is a specific type of ________ therapy.

A) cognitive
B) psychodynamic
C) behavioral
D) humanistic

60) ________ was first practiced by Carl Rogers in the mid-20th century.

A) Psychodynamic therapy
B) Person-centered therapy
C) Electroconvulsive therapy
D) Rational-emotive behavior therapy

61) Therapy in which the goal is to reach one's potential for self-actualization is known as ________ therapy.

A) self-help
B) person-centered
C) interpersonal
D) group

62) In person-centered therapy, the therapist

A) challenges the client's irrational statements.
B) teaches the client cognitive appraisal techniques.
C) uses the token system to monitor behavior.
D) provides unconditional positive regard.

63) Which of the following terms most nearly captures the essence of unconditional positive regard?

A) directional
B) empathetic
C) judgmental
D) challenging

64) How is contemporary person-centered therapy different than it was in Rogers's day?

A) Therapists are even less directive now than in the past.
B) The patient's insight is now seen as less central to the therapeutic process.
C) Therapists are more likely to nudge their clients toward insights rather than merely reflecting back statements made by clients.
D) Person-centered therapy is used today in its purest form.

65) ________ therapy refers to short-term therapy that focuses on the context of current social relationships.

A) Self-help
B) Person-centered
C) Interpersonal
D) Group

66) Interpersonal therapy derives from ________ approaches to therapy, but it is ________.

A) psychodynamic; shorter and more directive
B) psychodynamic; longer and less directive
C) humanistic; shorter and more directive
D) humanistic; longer and less directive

67) Therapy in which people meet collectively with a therapist to discuss problems is specifically known as ________ therapy.

A) client-centered
B) person-centered
C) interpersonal
D) group

68) Which of the following statements is true of group therapy?

A) Group therapy is generally more economical than individual therapy.
B) In group therapy, the therapist is usually highly directive.
C) Shy individuals benefit more from group therapy than do assertive people.
D) Group therapies are for shorter durations than individual therapies.

69) Family therapy practitioners believe each of the following statements EXCEPT

A) individual members of a family may be treated successfully in isolation.
B) family is a single unit to which each member contributes.
C) an individual member of the family cannot be treated successfully without simultaneously involving other family members.
D) family members often fall into rigid roles or patterns of behavior.

70) Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is an example of ________ therapy.

A) client-centered
B) self-help
C) person-centered
D) interpersonal

71) According to Hans Eysenck, recovery without formal treatment is known as

A) spontaneous remission.
B) cognitive appraisal.
C) repression.
D) transference.

72) A research technique in which data from a large number of studies are statistically combined is known as

A) matrix analysis.
B) factor analysis.
C) meta-analysis.
D) correlational analysis.

73) ________ approaches to psychotherapy tend to be more successful than are ________ approaches.

A) Psychodynamic and humanistic; behavioral cognitive
B) Cognitive behavioral; psychodynamic
C) Cognitive and humanistic; behavioral and psychodynamic
D) Behavioral and client-centered; cognitive and psychodynamic

74) Which of the following statements is most TRUE about effectiveness of therapy?

A) Different forms of therapy work best in different situations.
B) People who don't attend therapy do just as well as people who do.
C) The effectiveness of the different treatments is the same in all cases.
D) Psychotherapy can safely be said to be beneficial for everyone.

75) ________ works by altering the operation of neurons and neurotransmitters in the brain.

A) Behavior therapy
B) Psychodynamic therapy
C) Cognitive therapy
D) Drug therapy

76) ________ are used to reduce severe symptoms of disturbance, such as loss of touch with reality and agitation.

A) Antidepressants
B) Mood stabilizers
C) Antipsychotic drugs
D) Antianxiety drugs

77) The first major antipsychotic drug to be introduced was ________; it was used to treat ________.

A) paliperidone; bipolar disorder
B) paliperidone; schizophrenia
C) chlorpromazine; bipolar disorder
D) chlorpromazine; schizophrenia

78) The newest generation of antipsychotics are called ________ antipsychotics.

A) depot
B) atypical
C) tricyclic
D) typical

79) Atypical antipsychotics affect both ________ and ________ levels in the brain.

A) serotonin; dopamine
B) prolactin; histamine
C) epinephrine; GABA
D) oxytocin; glycine

80) Tricyclic drugs, MAO inhibitors, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are examples of which class of drugs?

A) antipsychotics
B) mood stabilizers
C) antianxiety drugs
D) antidepressants

81) Prozac is an example of a(n)

A) antipsychotic drug.
B) antidepressant drug.
C) mood stabilizer.
D) antianxiety drug.

82) Which type of antidepressant is matched with the correct neurotransmitter action?

A) tricyclics—increase activity of neurotransmitter GABA
B) SSRIs—prevent neurotransmitter breakdown
C) MAO inhibitors—increase norepinephrine
D) SSRIs—inhibit reuptake of serotonin

83) ________ are a class of medications used in cases of severe depression to improve a patient's mood and feeling of well-being.

A) Mood stabilizers
B) Antianxiety drugs
C) Antipsychotic drugs
D) Antidepressant drugs

84) Which drug class is correctly matched with a drug that represents it?

A) antidepressants—lithium
B) antipsychotics—Chlorpromazine
C) mood stabilizers—Xanax
D) antianxiety drugs—Prozac

85) Which drug class is matched with the correct neurotransmitter action?

A) mood stabilizers—increase norepinephrine activity
B) antipsychotics—block dopamine receptors
C) antidepressants—increase activity of GABA
D) antianxiety drugs—inhibit serotonin reuptake

86) Manic episodes in bipolar disorder are typically treated using

A) antipsychotic drugs.
B) antidepressants.
C) mood stabilizers.
D) antianxiety drugs.

87) Drugs that reduce the level of worry or tension a person experiences and increase feelings of well-being are known as

A) mood stabilizers.
B) antianxiety drugs.
C) antipsychotic drugs.
D) antidepressant drugs.

88) Which of the following statements is true of antianxiety drugs?

A) They are used as preventive treatment that blocks future episodes of manic depression.
B) Evidence suggest that they increase the risk of suicide in children and adolescents.
C) Studies prove that such drugs are highly effective in the successful treatment of depression.
D) More than half of all U.S. families have someone who has taken such a drug at one time or another.

89) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was introduced in the ________; it is used to treat severe ________.

A) 1930s; depression
B) 1930s; anxiety
C) 1950s; depression
D) 1950s; anxiety

90) Which of the following is true of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?

A) It pinpoints specific, tiny regions of the brain and delivers a short burst of electrical stimulation to provide relief from major depression.
B) It often results in personality changes or the death of the patients.
C) It often does not produce long-term improvement and is believed to cause permanent brain damage.
D) It directs a precise magnetic pulse in a specific area of the brain to activate particular neurons and relieve symptoms of depression.

91) Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is used to treat

A) depression.
B) bipolar disorder.
C) schizophrenia.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

92) Which of the following is true of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)?

A) It uses an electrical current.
B) It is still experimental.
C) It is not as popular as it used to be.
D) It does not have any side effects.

93) The first form of psychosurgery to be developed was the

A) cingulotomy.
B) prefrontal lobotomy.
C) gamma knife surgery.
D) craniotomy.

94) A newer form of psychosurgery—cingulotomy—is used in cases of

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B) bipolar disorder.
C) major depression.
D) schizophrenia.

95) Radiation is used to destroy specific brain areas in a type of psychosurgery called ________; it is used to treat ________.

A) transcranial magnetic stimulation; obsessive-compulsive disorder
B) transcranial magnetic stimulation; major depression
C) gamma knife surgery; obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) gamma knife surgery; major depression

96) Community psychology came of age in the ________; its aim was to minimize psychological disorders.

A) 1960s
B) 1970s
C) 1980s
D) 1990s

97) Discuss how (a) free association; (b) dream interpretation; (c) resistance; and (d) transference may be used as tools in psychoanalytic therapy.

98) Describe the aspects of psychodynamic therapy and the current approaches.

99) Discuss the criticisms of psychodynamic therapy and its efficacy as a treatment.

100) Describe using concrete examples how a behavior therapist might use systematic desensitization and flooding treatments to treat a specific phobia or source of anxiety.

101) Assume you are treating two patients: Betina, who has anorexia, and Sebastian, who has anger management issues. Using operant conditioning techniques, like token or contingency techniques, suggest a plan to treat them?

102) Describe using examples how behavior therapists can use aversive conditioning to modify behavior.

103) Describe the general aim of cognitive therapy. Write a note on Ellis's rational-emotive therapy.

104) Identify (a) one advantage, strength, or contribution, and (b) one disadvantage, weakness, or limitation of each of the following types of psychotherapy: behavior therapy and cognitive therapy.

105) Briefly describe the humanistic perspective. Applying what you know about humanistic psychology, how would a humanistic psychologist help someone with low self-esteem?

106) Evaluate the effectiveness of humanistic approaches to therapy.

107) Describe the aim of person-centered therapy. Identify several ways that therapists try to achieve this goal. How does contemporary person-centered therapy differ from the therapy as it might have been practiced in Rogers' day?

108) Briefly compare and contrast interpersonal therapy with traditional psychodynamic therapy.

109) Briefly describe the pros and cons of group therapy. Are there any disorders where group therapy appears to be more effective than one on one? Please defend your answer.

110) Describe family therapy and self-help therapy.

111) Discuss the effectiveness of psychotherapy.

112) Discuss whether there is a specific kind of psychotherapeutic treatment that is superior to others.

113) Discuss drug therapy and the major types of drugs used in therapy.

114) Briefly describe the use of antidepressant drugs in the treatment of abnormal behavior.

115) Discuss the controversies surrounding the use of antidepressant drugs.

116) One of the most controversial treatments in the field of psychology is electroconvulsive therapy. Briefly describe its illustrious history and if it is still used today. What are the justifications for using this type of treatment?

117) What is transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)?

118) Describe deep brain stimulation (DBS) treatment.

119) Briefly describe psychosurgery.

120) Briefly describe the benefits and the future promise of biomedical therapies.

121) Discuss the drawbacks of biomedical therapies.

122) Briefly describe the community psychology movement that originated in the 1960s.

123) Discuss the positive outcomes of the community psychology movement.