The Seedless Vascular Plants - Ferns And Ch.21 Exam Prep nan

Stern's Introductory Plant Biology, 14e (Bidlack)

Chapter 21 The Seedless Vascular Plants - Ferns and Their Relatives

1) Ancient land plants are thought to be derived from

A) brown algae.

B) green algae.

C) cyanobacteria.

D) bacteria.

E) bryophytes.

2) In the bryophytes the ________ plant persists; in the seedless vascular plants it is the ________plant that predominates.

A) gametophyte: sporophyte

B) sporophyte; gametophyte

C) gametophyte; gametophyte 

D) sporophyte; sporophyte 

E) zygospore; prothallus

3) One of the significant adaptations to prevent drying out in the land environment was the development by vascular plants of (a)

A) leaf system.

B) cuticle.

C) stomata.

D) flowering system.

E) Both cuticle and stomata are correct.

4) Enations are small, flattened green veinless protuberances found on the stems of

A) club mosses.

B) horsetails.

C) quillworts.

D) true mosses.

E) whisk ferns.

5) Whisk ferns produce sporangia on the upper surface of leaf-like flaps of tissue called ________.

A) gametophylls

B) microphylls

C) enations

D) sporophylls

E) megaphylls

6) The gametophytes of which of the following are saprobic?

A) club mosses

B) horsetails

C) quillworts

D) true mosses

E) whisk ferns

7) Which of the following probably did NOT occur when a shift from aquatic to terrestrial habitats took place millions of years ago?

A) Sterile jackets of cells developed around gametangia.

B) Embryos developed within protective tissues.

C) A cuticle appeared.

D) Chlorophyll appeared.

E) All of these answers are correct.

8) Which of the following has neither true leaves nor true roots?

A) club mosses (Lycopodium)

B) whisk ferns (Psilotum)

C) spike mosses (Selaginella)

D) horsetails (Equisetum)

E) ferns

9) Within the seedless vascular plant group, the relationship of ________ to the ferns and other fern allies is unresolved.

A) tree ferns

B) flowering plants

C) whisk ferns

D) hornworts

E) liverworts

10) The so-called fern allies (relatives of ferns) include several phyla of plants related to ferns. Which of the following belongs to this group?

A) club mosses

B) hornworts

C) liverworts

D) tree ferns

E) lichens

11) The spores of which of the following were used at one time for flashlight powder in photography and the theater?

A) ferns

B) club mosses

C) true mosses

D) quillworts

E) horsetails

12) Sporophylls are

A) leaves that bear sporangia.

B) insects that consume spores.

C) special spores of quillworts.

D) photosynthetic sporangia.

E) spore mother cells of horsetails.

13) In nature asexual propagation of ground pines (Lycopodium) may take place by means of which of the following?

A) gemmae

B) root divisions

C) bulbils

D) corms

E) cladophylls

14) The leaves of spike mosses and quillworts have an appendage called a

A) stipule.

B) bract.

C) gland.

D) ligule.

E) lobe.

15) A fundamental distinction between club mosses (Lycopodium) and spike mosses (Selaginella) involves differences in their

A) roots.

B) stems.

C) habitats.

D) chlorophyll.

E) spores.

16) A spike moss microspore has the potential to develop into which of the following?

A) female gametophyte

B) male gametophyte

C) sporophyte

D) protonema

E) None of these answers are correct.

17) Lycopod sporangia are produced on the upper surface of modified leaves called

A) gametophylls.

B) microphylls.

C) enations.

D) sporophylls.

E) megaphylls.

18) The common name for Lycopodium is "ground pine". The common name is based on the appearance of  the ________  which resembles little conifer trees.

A) megaphylls

B) gametophyte

C) sporophylls

D) cones and seed

E) sporophyte

19) Living spike mosses and quillworts produce ________, a reproductive feature referred to as ________.

A) two types of spores; heterospory

B) one type of spore; monospory

C) large leaves; megaphylly

D) nonflagellated sperm cells; motile reproduction

E) woody stems; arboreal

20) Which of the following is considered to be a likely ancestor of the club mosses?

A) Zosterophyllum

B) Psilotum

C) Tmesipteris

D) Equisetum

E) Isoetes

21) Carinal and vallecular canals are found in the stems of

A) true ferns.

B) club mosses and ground pines.

C) horsetails.

D) quillworts.

E) whisk ferns.

22) Air tubes located between the ribs of horsetail (Equisetum) stems are called

A) central canals

B) carinal canals

C) vallecular canals

D) aerenchyma canals

E) None of these answers are correct.

23) Which of the following have stems as their principal site of photosynthesis?

A) club mosses

B) spike mosses

C) whisk ferns

D) horsetails

E) More than one of these answers are correct.

24) Which of the following unrelated structures function according to changes in humidity?

A) elaters of liverworts

B) elaters of horsetails

C) moss peristomes

D) elaters of liverworts, elaters of horsetails, and moss peristomes

E) None of the answers are correct.

25) The substance in horsetail stems that makes them suitable for scouring is

A) magnesium salts.

B) silica.

C) calcium carbonate.

D) table salt.

E) potassium chloride.

26) Cannel coal is fossilized

A) fern spores.

B) fern stems.

C) horsetail and club moss spores.

D) horsetail stems.

E) club moss stems.

27) Archegonia and antheridia are structures where ________ are produced.

A) spores

B) elaters

C) gametes

D) sporoctyes

E) peristomes

28) Leaves with more than one vein and a leaf trace are generally classified as

A) compound leaves.

B) megaphylls.

C) simple leaves.

D) pinnate leaves.

E) microphylls.

29) The semi-transparent tissue that protects immature sporangia in many ferns is called a/an

A) indusium.

B) jacket.

C) sporophyll.

D) soral coat.

E) sorus.

30) In ferns an annulus is directly and intimately associated with a/an

A) frond.

B) rhizome.

C) adventitious root.

D) sporangium.

E) prothallus.

31) The antheridia of ferns are usually located

A) around the apical notch of the prothallus.

B) within a sorus on a frond.

C) among the rhizoids on the prothallus.

D) in the axils of rhizome scales.

E) around the margins of the prothallus.

32) In ferns, meiosis occurs in this structure.

A) sporangium

B) gametophyte

C) frond

D) rhizome

E) sporophyte

33) A favorite growing medium for orchid growers comes from

A) fern fronds.

B) fern "bark."

C) dried club mosses.

D) dried horsetail stems.

E) quillwort leaves.

34) Which pair of plants is placed in the same phylum?

A) Selaginella and Tmesipteris

B) Isoetes and Psilotum

C) Psilotum and Tmesipteris

D) Lycopodium and Equisetum

E) Lycopodium and Psilotum

35) Bryophytes, ferns, and fern allies all require ________ for sexual reproduction because the sperm cells ________.

A) pollinators; depend on animals for distribution

B) wind currents; depend on wind for gamete distribution

C) surface water; swim to the egg cell

D) dry conditions; must be dry before they fertilize egg cells

E) None of these choices are correct.

36) Primitive plants, which are believed to be the ancestors of present-day ferns, appeared during which of the following geological periods?

A) Devonian

B) Carboniferous

C) Ordovician

D) Permian

E) Cretaceous

37) People have used ferns for which of the following purposes?

A) to reduce indoor air pollution

B) landscaping

C) drugs to promote urination (diuretics)

D) food

E) All of these choices are correct.

38) The fern gametophyte is typically ________.

A) large and long-lived

B) nonphotosynthetic and saprobic

C) attached to the sporophyte

D) small and photosynthetic

E) used in landscaping

39) The fossilized dungs of prehistoric animals and humans are called

A) compressions.

B) petrifactions.

C) casts.

D) coprolites.

E) molds.

40) Botanists who study fossil plant materials in their research are known as

A) spelunkers.

B) plant historians.

C) phycologists.

D) geobotanists.

E) paleobotanists.

41) Uncompressed rocklike fossils in which the original cell structure has been preserved are

A) molds.

B) petrifactions.

C) casts.

D) unaltered fossils.

E) imprints.

42) ________ are an excellent place to find fossils of ferns and fern allies.

A) Volcanic deposits

B) Limestone rocks

C) Diatomaceous earth

D) Sandstone rocks

E) Coal mines

43) Ferns and fern allies are larger than the bryophytes because ferns and fern allies have water and food conducting systems.

44) Whisk ferns consist primarily of stems.

45) The leaves of both club mosses and quillworts are microphylls.

46) Leaves that bear sporangia are called sporophylls.

47) Quillworts have no stems.

48) The annulus of a fern sporangium functions in spore dispersal.

49) Fern fronds are often subdivided into pinnae.

50) The prothalli of ferns normally produce rhizoids.

51) Both antheridia and archegonia are found on the same gametophyte in a species that is heterosporous.

52) A petrifaction is a fossil in which the preserved organism is found in an unaltered state.

53) The image of a compression fossil is called an imprint.

54) Tmesipteris is a close relative of whisk ferns.

55) Many seedless vascular plants have underground horizontal stems from which aerial shoots arise.

56) Ancient relatives of both club mosses and horsetails were large and treelike.

57) Ferns produce seeds but no spores.

58) Equisetum belongs to a group of plants called "pig tails".

59) Ferns are distinguished from their relatives by having megaphylls.

60) Embryos are not produced by ferns, only spores.

61) Enations and microphylls have the same basic anatomy; however, enations are smaller than microphylls.

62) The soft coal, cannel, consists primarily of carbonized spores of giant horsetails and club mosses.