Ch20 Introduction To The Plant Kingdom Complete Test Bank

Stern's Introductory Plant Biology, 14e (Bidlack)

Chapter 20 Introduction to the Plant Kingdom: Bryophytes

1) Which characters shared by members of Kingdom Plantae and Phylum Chlorophyta indicate that they share an ancient common ancestor?

A) chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the carotenoids

B) primary food reserve stored as starch

C) cell walls primarily cellulose

D) same means of forming the cell plate during cell division

E) All of these.

2) A unique feature of plants in the plant kingdom that is NOT shared with the green algae is ________.

A) chlorophyll a and b

B) cell walls primarily of cellulose

C) multicellular gametangia

D) primary food reserve stored as starch

E) All of these features are found in both the plant kingdom and green algae.

3) The transition from an aquatic environment to a terrestrial environment required the development of ________, which kept plants from drying out when exposed to air.

A) cuticle

B) photosynthesis

C) sexual reproduction

D) flagellated, motile cells

E) cell division

4) All members of the plant kingdom have ________.

A) multicellular embryos

B) egg cells surrounded by a jacket of sterile cells

C) oogamous sexual reproduction

D) life cycle that includes both gametophyte and sporophyte generations

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

5) Bryophytes have an alternation of generations in which the ________ is the dominant generation, unlike vascular plants where the ________ is the dominant generation.

A) sporophyte; gametophyte

B) gametophyte; haplophyte

C) gametophyte; sporophyte

D) sporophyte; diplophyte

E) sporophyte; sporophyte

6) Bryophytes

A) have xylem and phloem.

B) all have relatively tiny "leaves."

C) produce their gametes in single-celled sex organs.

D) are mostly parasites of other plants.

E) need water present to undergo sexual reproduction.

7) Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts all

A) have stomata.

B) produce plants of separate sexes.

C) have meristems.

D) produce spores.

E) reproduce asexually by means of gemmae.

8) Archegoniophores and antheridiophores are features of

A) hornworts.

B) thalloid liverworts.

C) dung mosses.

D) peat mosses.

E) "leafy" liverworts.

9) The one-celled anchoring structures present on the lower surface of a thalloid liverwort are

A) roots.

B) rhizines.

C) rhizoids.

D) mycorrhizae.

E) trichomes.

10) Growth in a thalloid liverwort is brought about by division of cells located

A) at the rear of the thallus.

B) underneath the thallus.

C) along the margins of the thallus.

D) at the apical notch.

E) along the polygonal segments.

11) Each diamond-shaped segment of a liverwort thallus contains a single

A) pore.

B) pair of guard cells.

C) chloroplast.

D) starch grain.

E) hydathode.

12) Which of the following are the lens-shaped pieces of tissue that are produced in cups on a liverwort thallus and become detached to develop independently?

A) "leaves"

B) buds

C) gemmae

D) protonemata

E) None of these answers are correct.

13) Structures with spiral thickenings that facilitate the release of spores from a liverwort capsule are

A) gemmae.

B) elaters.

C) spore mother cells.

D) spiroids.

E) spore-ejectors.

14) The pores and cavities of the thalli of liverworts are filled with

A) air.

B) mucilage.

C) nitrogen-fixing blue-green bacteria.

D) food-storage cells.

E) reproductive cells.

15) The flattened appendages whose presence is hidden, when viewed from above, by two rows of partially overlapping "leaves" in "leafy" liverworts are called

A) underleaves.

B) flattened appendages.

C) plano-enations.

D) plattblatter.

E) plattefeuilles.

16) Liverworts and hornworts are members of the

A) bryophytes.

B) Anthocerophyta.

C) Hepaticophyta.

D) Bryophyta.

E) vascular plants.

17) ________ is a common thalloid liverwort.

A) Anthoceros

B) Mnium

C) Marchantia

D) Equisetum

E) Psilotum

18) The mother cells within the sporangia on the sporophyte plant undergo ________ to produce spores.

A) fertilization

B) meiosis

C) mitosis

D) cell division

E) sexual reproduction

19) The function of the gametangia on the gametophyte plant is to produce gametes by the process of

A) asexual reproduction.

B) sexual reproduction.

C) meiosis.

D) fragmentation.

E) mitosis.

20) Which of the following bryophytes has a sporophyte with a meristem just above the foot?

A) "leafy" liverworts

B) thalloid liverworts

C) peat mosses

D) hornworts

E) rock mosses

21) The bryophytes whose sporophytes have a central rodlike axis surrounded by spore mother cells above a basal meristem are

A) peat mosses.

B) true mosses.

C) bog mosses.

D) hornworts.

E) liverworts.

22) Asexual reproduction in hornworts occurs through which of the following?

A) gemmae

B) buds

C) rhizomes

D) fragmentation or separation of lobes from the thallus

E) All of these answers are correct.

23) Chloroplast number and the presence of pyrenoids in each chloroplast indicate that ________ are only distantly related to the other bryophyte groups.

A) leafy liverworts

B) hornworts

C) peat mosses

D) thalloid liverworts

E) bog mosses

24) A moss calyptra

A) has cells with 2n chromosomes.

B) functions primarily in directly covering the peristome.

C) is part of the sporophyte.

D) is always present as the spores are released.

E) originates from the archegonium.

25) A moss protonema

A) has the n number of chromosomes in each cell.

B) is a part of the sporophyte generation.

C) produces gametes.

D) is saprophytic like a fungus.

E) produces spores.

26) Which of the following moss sporophyte structures has the most direct contact with the gametophyte?

A) operculum

B) peristome

C) foot

D) sporangium

E) seta

27) A moss protonema

A) has diploid cells.

B) develops archegonia and antheridia.

C) produces paraphyses.

D) develops from a spore mother cell.

E) produces "leafy" buds.

28) Food-conducting cells present in some mosses are known as

A) hydroids.

B) leptoids.

C) sieve cells.

D) sieve-tube elements.

E) tracheoids.

29) Which of the following do "leaves" of mosses lack?

A) stomata

B) petioles

C) mesophyll

D) veins

E) All of these answers are correct.

30) The egg of a moss is produced within a cavity called a

A) ductlet.

B) vacuole.

C) venter.

D) capsule.

E) sporangium.

31) Which of the following are sterile hairs scattered among moss archegonia and antheridia?

A) rhizoids

B) paraphyses

C) mycorrhizae

D) moss processes

E) None of these answers are correct.

32) The one or two rows of teeth that play a role in the release of spores from a moss capsule constitute the

A) peristome.

B) sporophyte.

C) gametophyte.

D) operculum.

E) calyptra.

33) Which of the following structures is NOT found in all bryophytes?

A) archegonium

B) antheridium

C) peristome

D) zygotes

E) spore mother cells

34) From an economic perspective the most important bryophytes are the

A) liverworts.

B) rock mosses.

C) peat mosses.

D) hornworts.

E) true mosses.

35) Which of the following bryophytes are generally edible?

A) rock mosses

B) true mosses

C) peat mosses

D) liverworts

E) None of these answers are correct.

36) The ability of peat mosses to absorb water and their antiseptic qualities led to their use as ________ by early people.

A) bandages

B) cloth

C) packing for shipping

D) food

E) All of these were early uses of peat mosses.

37) Peat mosses are currently harvested and used ________.

A) as soil additives to increase water retention

B) as soil additives to increase soil acidity

C) as packing material for live specimens

D) in the production of Scotch whisky

E) All of these are current uses for peat mosses.

38) Which of the following is used commercially as a soil conditioner?

A) Marchantia

B) Mnium

C) Cladonia

D) Sphagnum

E) Polytrichum

39) Most species of liverworts produce a flattened body called a thallus.

40) A hornwort sporophyte grows from its base by means of a meristem.

41) Bryophyte zygotes develop into embryos.

42) Mosses are found in several different phyla.

43) Rhizoids take up water through their xylem.

44) An operculum is a part of the sporophyte generation of a moss.

45) The sporophytes of common thalloid liverworts develop suspended above the thallus in or on gametophores.

46) Hornworts reproduce asexually as a result of lobes of the thallus becoming separated.

47) None of the mosses has any economic importance.

48) Paraphyses are sterile hairs found in mosses.

49) Zygotes of members of the Plant Kingdom develop into embryos.

50) Most mosses reproduce asexually by means of gemmae.

51) The elaters of liverworts and hornworts function in producing spores.

52) Capsules of mosses normally have xylem tissue.

53) "Peat" is a product derived from the dead parts of a moss.

54) Hydroids are specialized water conducting cells in some mosses that resemble hollow tubes; however, most water travels up the outside of the plant by capillarity.

55) Meiosis takes place in the stem of mosses.

56) Since the sperm of mosses are not flagellated, mosses can grow in dry habitats.

57) Mosses and liverworts produce embryos that are contained in the archegonium.

58) A peat moss can absorb water many times its weight.

59) The three phyla in the bryophytes are thought to have been derived from a common ancestor.