Introduction To Seed Plants Gymnosperms nan Ch.22 Test Bank

Stern's Introductory Plant Biology, 14e (Bidlack)

Chapter 22 Introduction to Seed Plants: Gymnosperms

1) The first plants to produce seeds looked very much like

A) mosses.

B) horsetails.

C) pines.

D) quillworts.

E) ferns.

2) After fertilization the integument of gymnosperms becomes

A) a fruit.

B) an embryo.

C) a seed coat.

D) nutritive tissue.

E) an ovule.

3) The term gymnosperm refers to

A) plants with exceptionally active sperms.

B) plants whose seeds are produced out in the open (as opposed to being enclosed within a structure).

C) plants whose seeds are enclosed within woody layers.

D) plants whose sperms must migrate through looped tubes to reach the eggs.

E) all plants that do not produce flowers.

4) Vascular plants include both seed-producing and seedless groups. Which of the following represents a significant adaptive benefit for seed-producing plants?

A) a protective seed coat surrounding the embryo

B) a supply of food

C) ability to remain dormant

D) ability to survive extreme drought

E) All of these choices are correct.

5) A strobilus (pl. strobili) is ________.

A) an asexual reproductive structure

B) part of the gymnosperm gametophyte

C) compact, spirally-arranged group of sporophylls

D) found in liverworts

E) found in flowering plants

6) With the exception of a few woody vines, the growth form of the gymnosperms are ________.

A) woody trees or shrubs

B) herbaceous

C) parasitic on flowering plants

D) seed-producing

E) flower-producing

7) A  mature seed consists of the seed coat, nutritive tissue,  and ________.

A) pollen grain

B) fruit

C) integument

D) embryo

E) All of these choices are correct.

8) Which of the following is NOT a phylum of gymnosperms?

A) Pinophyta

B) Ginkgophyta

C) Polypodiophyta

D) Gnetophyta

E) Cycadophyta

9) In the life cycle of a typical conifer (e.g., a pine)

A) pollen is produced in woody cones.

B) pollen is produced in inconspicuous flowers.

C) seeds are produced in woody cones.

D) the pollen tube grows down through the style to reach the archegonium.

E) there are two integuments surrounding the embryo sac.

10) Which of the following structures or features is/are a part of pine needles (leaves)?

A) resin canals

B) a hypodermis

C) a thick cuticle

D) sunken stomata

E) All of these are correct.

11) Which of the following is NOT associated with conifers?

A) hypodermis

B) resin canals

C) albuminous cells

D) vessel elements and fibers

E) soft wood

12) Which statement about the nucellus is INCORRECT?

A) Nucellus tissue is found within the ovule of the gymnosperms.

B) The nucellus is covered by the integuments.

C) The nucellus plays a role in both male and female gametophytes.

D) The food stored in the nucellus is used by the developing megagametophyte.

E) The ovule, nucellus, and integument are diploid tissues.

13) A feature or structure NOT found in a pine life cycle includes

A) the production of two different kinds of spores.

B) pollen grains that frequently have a pair of external air sacs.

C) nutritive tissue (nucellus) for the gametophyte.

D) antheridia.

E) egg and sperm.

14) Meiosis occurs in pines in the microsporangia and in the

A) micropyle.

B) developing ovule.

C) pollen grains.

D) nucellus.

E) egg.

15) In pines a pollen grain reaches the nucellus via the

A) archegonium.

B) micropyle.

C) pollen tube.

D) embryo.

E) megasporangium.

16) Pine leaf fascicles (clusters) usually

A) remain for most of the life of the tree.

B) are angular on all sides.

C) all fall off, a few at a time, every growing season.

D) consist of four to eight leaves or needles in all except one or two species.

E) fall off within two to five years of their maturing.

17) Albuminous cells of pines apparently perform the same function as

A) tracheids.

B) companion cells.

C) laticifers.

D) vessel elements.

E) parenchyma cells.

18) The specific cells of pines that develop into pollen grains are

A) sperms.

B) megaspores.

C) nucellus cells.

D) microspores.

E) eggs.

19) The female gametophyte of pines usually contains two to six

A) pollen grains.

B) integument cells.

C) archegonia.

D) micropyles.

E) pollen chambers.

20) The structure of pines that develops into a seed coat is a/an

A) sporophyll.

B) nucellus.

C) megasporangium.

D) pollen chamber.

E) integument.

21) Two of the original four cells in a pine pollen grain enter a pollen tube; one of these two, which after division eventually gives rise to sperms, is the

A) generative cell.

B) sterile cell.

C) tube cell.

D) nucellar cell.

E) spermatogenous cell.

22) Which of the following is an aril?

A) nutritive tissue surrounding the female gametophyte of conifers

B) an alternate name for a pine needle

C) a fleshy cuplike covering surrounding the ovule of a yew

D) a light, airy seed

E) All of these answers are correct.

23) Which of the following gymnosperms have fleshy seeds?

A) podocarps

B) California nutmeg

C) yew

D) ginkgo

E) All of these answers are correct.

24) This is the largest group of living gymnosperms, comprising about 50 genera and 550 species.

A) cycads

B) gnetophytes

C) conifers

D) ginkgos

E) None of these answers are correct.

25) Western North America contains populations of the tallest, most massive, and oldest of the gymnosperms living. They are: ________.

A) California gum tree, elephant tree, and creosote

B) coastal redwood, giant redwood, and bristlecone pine

C) bald cypress, red pine, and jack pine

D) Zamia, red cedar, and dawn redwood

E) None of these.

26) Living conifers (genus Pinus) are native to ________.

A) Australia

B) Southern Hemisphere

C) Northern Hemisphere

D) Central and South America

E) all continents except Antarctica

27) The phylum Ginkgophyta is represented by ________ living species.

A) three genera and 30

B) one

C) approximately 100, primarily north of the equator

D) approximately 90, primarily in the tropics

E) zero

28) The fleshy seed of the ________ is considered a delicacy in Oriental cuisine.

A) stone pine

B) pinyon pine

C) Pacific yew

D) ginkgo

E) juniper

29) The ginkgo is frequently mistaken for an angiosperm tree because ________.

A) it has broad, fan-shaped deciduous leaves.

B) it is woody

C) it is grown as an ornamental

D) it is grown as a street tree

E) All of these choices are correct.

30) Which of the following is common to both cycads and pines?

A) leaf form and size

B) flagella present on the sperms

C) male and female strobili produced on separate plants

D) both megaspores and microspores produced

E) None of these answers are correct.

31) Which of the following is common to both ginkgoes and pines?

A) flagella on the sperms

B) broad leaves

C) soft wood

D) male and female trees

E) antheridia

32) Although most seed plant groups have nonmotile sperm, this group reproduces with motile sperm.

A) pines

B) cycads

C) spruces

D) yew (Taxus)

E) firs

33) Most gymnosperms are wind pollinated. The exception is the ________, where pollen is transferred from microsporangiate strobili to megasporangiate strobili by beetles.

A) pines

B) joint firs

C) cycads

D) juniper

E) redwood

34) Joint firs (Ephedra), which superficially resemble horsetails,

A) are somewhat shrubby inhabitants of drier regions.

B) are confined to temperate deserts in southwestern Africa.

C) have photosynthetic leaves.

D) are in the same division as cycads.

E) produce male and female reproductive structures in the same strobili.

35) Which of the following groups of gymnosperms have vessels in their wood?

A) gnetophytes (Division Gnetophyta)

B) conifers (Division Coniferophyta)

C) Ginkgoes (Division Ginkgophyta)

D) Cycads (Division Cycadophyta)

E) All of these answers are correct.

36) Which of the following is NOT a gnetophyte?

A) Ephedra

B) Podocarpus

C) Welwitschia

D) Gnetum

E) joint fir

37) Edible or otherwise useful gymnosperms do not include

A) horsetails.

B) cycads.

C) Ephedra (joint fir).

D) ginkgoes.

E) kauri pines.

38) Naval stores is a general term given to

A) amber.

B) dammar.

C) fence posts made of conifer wood.

D) turpentine and rosin.

E) decay-resistant wood used for building sailing ships.

39) Conifers (Division Coniferophyta) date back to the

A) Devonian period.

B) Permian period.

C) Triassic period.

D) Carboniferous period.

E) Silurian period.

40) Pine wood is said to be soft because of the absence of

A) knots.

B) silica.

C) xylem vessels.

D) a hypodermis.

E) collenchyma.

41) Early explorers in North America found numbers of pines stripped of their bark by Native Americans. The primary reason Native Americans did this was

A) they wanted the bark for fuel.

B) they were tapping the resin for various uses.

C) they were trying to kill bark borer beetles.

D) they used the phloem for food.

E) they used the bark for shelter thatching.

42) Conifer resins are a source of which of the following?

A) turpentine

B) dammar

C) rosin

D) amber

E) All of these answers are correct.

43) Which of the following is favored for making archery bows and longbows?

A) junipers

B) cedars

C) yews

D) hemlocks

E) spruces

44) The chief source of newsprint in North America is

A) white spruce.

B) red cedar.

C) eastern and western white pines.

D) sitka spruce.

E) balsam fir.

45) The sporophylls of pines are usually spirally arranged in strobili.

46) The oldest known living organisms are believed to be redwoods.

47) Fungi play an important role in the growth of pines.

48) The xylem of conifers generally contains no vessels or fibers.

49) Male pine cones commonly take four years to mature.

50) Pollen grains of pines are brought through the microphyle onto the nucellus as the fluid from the micropyle evaporates.

51) The mature male gametophyte of a pine consists of a germinated pollen grain with a pair of sperms in the pollen tube.

52) Some gymnosperms produce only a single seed in their female cones.

53) Resin consists of turpentine and rosin.

54) Most of the pulpwood for paper today comes from pines.

55) The seeds of ginkgoes have a fleshy covering and look plumlike.

56) Cycad leaves are fan-shaped and deciduous.

57) Welwitschia plants have trunks like palm trees.

58) Gnetophytes have vessels in their xylem.

59) Resins have a number of uses for human activities but are of no use to the plants that produce the resins.

60) Ginkgo seeds, although foul-smelling, are edible.

61) Another term for the megasporangium is the nucellus.

62) Giant redwoods are easily damaged in forest fires because of their thin bark.

63) Eastern white pine and bald cypress trees provided so many useful products that their populations were drastically reduced before the end of 19th century.

64) Gymnosperms generally have broad leathery leaves.

65) The Pacific Yew tree is a source of an anticancer drug called taxol.

66) Pines have vessels in the xylem, while all other gymnosperms have tracheids.

67) Bald cypress trees, like redwoods, are very resistant to decay.