The Rise Of Urban America Test Questions & Answers Ch.3 - Urban World 11e | Practice Test Bank Palen by J. John Palen. DOCX document preview.
Multiple Choice:
1. The European colonists who arrived in North America __________.
a. found pre-existent indigenous cities
b. were more interested in agricultural land than in building towns
c. were largely town dwellers and town oriented
d. were all highly trained in farming and animal husbandry
2. The North American Indian population first encountered by the colonists from Europe __________.
a. was basically stationary, living in permanent agricultural villages
b. numbered approximately 20 million
c. strongly believed in the principle of land-ownership
d. viewed themselves as part of the ecology
3. The following is true about urbanization in 18th century America:
a. the number of urban dwellers increased but the percentage urban declined.
b. the percentage of urban dwellers increased in the century.
c. the percentage of urban dwellers was lower than that found in England.
d. the population in cities remained stagnant.
4. Which of the following was one of the major American settlements of the 17th century?
a. New Orleans
b. Chicago
c. Philadelphia
d. San Francisco
5. The first residents of the New England colonies __________.
a. sought to create tight urban communal utopias
b. were mainly farmers, herdsman and explorers
c. sought an expansion of their territory to spread their economic beliefs
d. were socially more heterogeneous than the other colonies.
6. During the colonial period, the first major settlements were most heavily influenced by
a. technology
b. population
c. environment
d. organization
7. The early urban settlements in the U. S. were similar in that __________.
a. all were inland
b. they were influenced by technology
c. they were anti-British
d. they were near water
8. According to the text, from the very beginning, “the story of New England is the story of its __________”.
a. towns
b. wealth
c. technology
d. social class structure
9. In contrast to New England towns, Canadian settlements were primarily __________.
a. centers of technology and industry
b. religious and missionary outposts
c. agricultural villages
d. government and trade outposts
10. The five important English urban settlements had the following similar characteristics EXCEPT:
a. They all were coastal seaports or on navigable rivers with access to the sea.
b. They all were primarily manufacturing centers turning raw goods into finished products for shipment back to England.
c. They all had hinterlands or back country to develop.
d. They all were small, both in population and size.
11. The youngest of the colonial cities was __________.
a. Manhattan
b. Philadelphia
c. Newport
d. Charleston
12. The southernmost of the colonial cities was
a. Williamsburg
b. Philadelphia
c. Charles Town (Charleston)
d. Atlanta
13. Which of the following colonies could boast of diversity that included Dutch Calvinists, Anglicans, Quakers, Baptists, Huguenots, Lutherans, Presbyterians, and Jews?
a. Boston
b. Philadelphia
c. Charleston
d. New York
14. Urban-based merchants, rather than frontier farmers, were the most upset by:
a. “the metropolis of sedition”
b. “taxation without representation”
c. “opening up of the hinterland for cultivation”
d. none of the above.
15. As of 1690, the colonial population of America was almost __________ percent urban.
a. 5
b. 10
c. 20
d. 30
16. Canadian cities were first settled as early as 1608 and first became manufacturing and economic centers in the __________.
a. 1650s
b. 1750s
c. 1850s
d. 1950s
17. The colonial city with the fewest municipal services and schools was __________.
a. Newport
b. New York
c. Philadelphia
d. Charleston
18. The urban-based party representing commercial over agrarian interests following the American Revolution was the ____________.
a. Federalists
b. Whigs
c. Republicans
d. Democrats
19. In 1790, approximately __________ percent of the U.S. population lived within 50 miles of the Atlantic Ocean.
a. 25
b. 50
c. 75
d. 95
20. In 1790, on average, each married woman in the United States gave birth to nearly __________ children.
a. six
b. eight
c. ten
d. twelve
21. The decline in urbanization during the years 1810-1820 was due to the __________.
a. Revolutionary War
b. first great westward migration
c. destruction of American commerce by England in War of 1812
d. Great Small Pox Epidemic of 1809
22. The age that saw the most rapid growth rate for American cities was __________.
a. 1790-1820
b. 1820-1860
c. 1860-1900
d. 1900-1940
23. At the time of the first U.S. census (1790), the largest city in the nation was __________.
a. New York
b. Boston
c. Philadelphia
d. Charleston
24. Between 1790 and 1860 the U.S. population __________.
a. remained stagnant
b. decreased due to health and population problems
c. had a growth rate equivalent to today's developing nations
d. had a median age of 33.4 years
25. Which of the following statements is true of the period 1820-1870?
a. cities grew at a more rapid pace than at any other time before or since
b. city populations grew more rapidly than those of agricultural areas
c. Boston was the largest and economically most important city by the end of the Civil War
d. cities in the North grew more slowly than those in the South
26. Rapid growth of pre-Civil War cities was due to __________.
a. internal migration
b. rural in-migration
c. high birth rate
d. the invention of the railroad
27. New York City’s mid-19th century dominance in the U.S.was linked to __________.
a. the Embargo Acts
b. the development of the Erie Canal
c. the discovery of gold
d. successful land speculation
28. Prior to the Civil War, American cities __________.
a. were commercially rather than industrially based
b. physically were decentralized
c. were generally based on industrial production
d. showed little growth in population
29. The economic supremacy of New York City in the mid-19th century was most stimulated by the __________.
a. St. Lawrence Seaway
b. New York Port Authority
c. Erie Canal
d. steamboat
30. As of 1900, the colonial city that had lost prominence was __________.
a. New York
b. Philadelphia
c. Chicago
d. Charleston
31. During the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, the dominant flow of population was __________.
a. from rural areas toward the cities
b. from cities toward rural areas
c. equal urban and rural growth
d. there was no clear pattern
32. Industrialism first became a major factor in urban life in the period __________.
a. 1800-1825
b. 1825-1860
c. 1860-1900
d. 1930-1960
33. During the __________, for the first time, urbanism became a controlling factor in the national life of the United States.
a. last quarter of the 18th century
b. first half of the 19th century
c. last quarter of the 19th century
d. last half of the 20th century
34. As of 1890, which of the following cities had over a million people?
a. Detroit
b. Chicago
b. Norfolk
d. Atlanta
35. The major technological breakthrough spurring town growth west of the Mississippi was the __________.
a. railroad
b. steamboat
c. pony express
d. telegraph
36. Steam power in the 19th century industrial cities encouraged __________.
a. dispersion
b. concentration and centralization
c. home manufacturing
d. the development of urban sprawl and suburbs
37. In the U. S., development of the West occurred very fast. The pattern of settlement was __________.
a. first the town, next the railroad, and finally the farms
b. first the farms, next the town, and finally the railroad
c. first the farms, next the railroad, and finally the town
d. first the railroad, next the town, and finally the farms
38. Which of the following is most true regarding the role of railroads in the settlement of the U.S. West?
a. Railroads were unnecessary to the development of the West.
b. Railroads came along after the West was already developed.
c. Railroads opened the West and were crucial to its development.
d. Railroads helped with the development of the West.
39. Between 1877 and 1889 many significant inventions were developed that enabled the core areas of cities to become more densely inhabited. Which of the following is one of them?
a. the automobile
b. the steam locomotive
c. flush toilets
d. steel frame buildings
40. Problems of urban pollution __________.
a. have emerged largely in the 20th century
b. did not really exist until the coming of the automobile
c. have been associated with American cities from their beginning
d. have largely been solved in the U.S.
41. 19th century technology fostered concentration. Technologies of the last hundred years have fostered
a. concentration rather than dispersion.
b. dispersion rather than concentration.
c. preference of Americans for central city residence.
d. expansion of employment opportunities in the central city.
42. Most American cities of the East and Midwest __________.
a. were essentially built before the era of the automobile
b. were designed for automobile usage
c. had their major growth during the 20th century
d. have been rapidly increasing in population since World War II
43. Mid nineteenth century affluent suburbs owed their growth to the development of the __________.
a. automobile
b. telephone
c. steamboat
d. commuter railroad
44. The outward expansion of the city, at the beginning of the 20th century was due to the invention of the __________.
a. electric streetcar
b. railroad
c. automobile
d. cable car
45. Boss Tweed of New York City plundered the city treasury of __________ at a time when workers made as little as a dollar a day.
a. 500 thousand dollars
b. 1 million dollars
c. 100 million dollars
d. 200 million dollars
46. From the standpoint of the immigrant, the political bosses __________.
a. were a failure at municipal governance
b. provided services, jobs and help when needed
c. were crooks who plundered the public monies
d. should all have been put in jail
47. Sociologist, Robert K. Merton's quote, “The functional deficiencies of the official structure generate an alternative (unofficial) structure to fulfill existing needs somewhat more effectively”, is used by the text to explain the existence of __________.
a. political bosses in large cities
b. alternate means of urban transportation
c. the illegal immigration of millions of Europeans to the U.S. between 1880 and 1920
d. the development of the suburbs
48. Immigration accelerated after the Civil War, spurred on by the need for workers for _________.
a. expansion
b. industrialization
c. political power
d. assimilation
49. In the view of many 19th century native born Protestants, the immigrants __________.
a. were useful additions to the city by making it more cosmopolitan
b. strengthened the city by providing investments capital
c. were undermining municipal morality and governance
d. should be encouraged to come to the cities in increasing numbers
50. Urban political reformers at the turn of the century wanted__________.
a. to organize the poor as a political force
b. to return power to white Protestant middle class groups
c. to strengthen the boss system
d. to encourage inner city voting
51. The Progressive Movement was __________.
a. an outgrowth of the National Municipal League
b. a grass roots organization of inner city residents organized to renew the neighborhoods
c. an attempt by the upper middle class to reform the inner city
d. organized by city bosses
52. The National Municipal League was organized to __________.
a. reform city government by getting rid of political bosses
b. provide low cost housing for urban dwellers
c. help new immigrants adjust to city life
d. implement prohibition
53. America's urban-rural imagery __________.
a. has tended to idealize the city
b. has placed great trust and faith in the goodness of urbanization
c. has tended to view the city as a source of problems and corruption
d. has criticized urban dwellers as “backward bumpkins”
54. The classic statement on the significance of the west, “The Winning of the West” which glorified pioneers, was written by __________.
a. Arthur Schlesinger
b. Richard Wade
c. Thomas Jefferson
d. Frederick Turner
55. In what decade did the U.S. first become a majority urban nation ?
a. 1880s
b. 1900s
c. 1920s
- 1940s
56. Which city does poet Carl Sandburg call, “Hog Butcher for the World”?
a. Smithfield
b. Chicago
c. New York
d. Detroit
True- False:
57. The first European colonist to arrive in North America found a land without indigenous cities.
a. T
b. F
58. Only half of all early major cities in the colonial period were seaports.
a. T
b. F
59. The first English settlers to the New World found no existing urban civilizations.
a. T
b. F
60. According to the text, the Native American population of North America numbered about 20 million at the time of the Jamestown settlement in 1607.
a. T
b. F
61. The English brought a land tenure system based on private ownership to the colonies.
a. T
b. F
62. Generally speaking the American Indians’ goal was not to master nature but to identify their niche and their relationship with the world around them.
a. T
b. F
63. While European settlers saw the environment as something to be dominated and reshaped, Native Americans generally viewed themselves as part of the ecology and sought to understand their relationship with the world around them.
a. T
b. F
64. The colonies that spearheaded urbanization in the 17th century were: Boston, Charleston, Providence, Richmond and Delaware.
a. T
b. F
65. According to the text, environment played a heavy role in the early development of the first five cities in what is now the United States.
a. T
b. F
66. Between the early 1600s and early 1700s, Providence outstripped its rival cities in both population size and economic influence.
a. T
b. F
67. By the mid 18th century Boston had a population of 16,000.
a. T
b. F
68. Boston, from the beginning, had the most cosmopolitan population of the colonial cities.
a. T
b. F
69. Early New England towns, like Boston, found their economic growth hindered by the lack of a fertile hinterland.
a. T
b. F
70. New York had an environmental disadvantage when compared to other settlements because it lacked easy access to its hinterland.
a. T
b. F
71. Philadelphia was the youngest of the large colonial cities.
a. T
b. F
72. The southernmost of the English colonial cities was New Orleans.
a. T
b. F
73. The early French Canadian cities were not really major points of settlement or industry, but instead served as garrisons and trading posts.
a. T
b. F
74. Canadian cities first became manufacturing and economic centers in the 1750s.
a. T
b. F
75. By 1690 the colonial population possibly had a higher percentage urban than England itself.
a. T
b. F
76. The percentage of urban dwellers in what is now the U.S. increased four-fold between 1690 and 1790.
a. T
b. F
77. The first U.S. census was taken in 1790.
a. T
b. F
78. Immediately after the United States was founded, the rural population exerted tremendous power in government through the Federalist Party.
a. T
b. F
79. In 1790, three quarters of the U.S. population lived within 50 miles of the Atlantic Ocean.
a. T
b. F
80. As of the first U.S. census, New York was the largest city followed by Chicago.
a. T
b. F
81. Rapid growth of the cities after the Revolutionary War was not only the result of foreign and rural immigration; an exceptionally high rate of natural replacement also played a large part.
a. T
b. F
82. The native born U. S. population declined in the early nineteenth century, but high rates of migration raised overall population.
a. T
b. F
83. Each married woman in 1790 bore an average of nearly 8 children.
a. T
b. F
84. The percentage of the U.S. population that is urban remained constant until the 1880s when it suddenly began to rise.
a. T
b. F
85. During the period of 1820-1860, cities grew at a more rapid rate than at any other period in American history.
a. T
b. F
86. According to U.S. Census figures, the U.S. became over 50 percent urban in the census year 1950.
a. T
b. F
87. By 1860, nine U.S. cities had populations greater than 100,000 people. Eight of these cities were seaports.
a. T
b. F
88. New York City's economic supremacy was greatly aided by the 1825 invention of the reaper.
a. T
b. F
89. The Erie Canal opened up New York’s hinterland in the 1820s and gave that city economic supremacy over all other urban areas in the U.S.
a. T
b. F
90. By 1860, New York City’s population was nearly 500,000 larger than either London or Paris.
a. T
b. F
91. The period between 1875-1900 saw urbanism become a controlling factor in U.S. life for the first time.
a. T
b. F
92. In early U.S. cities, the rich tended to live in the periphery (suburbs), much like they do today.
a. T
b. F
93. By 1900, four out of ten Americans were urban.
a. T
b. F
94. The development of the West was a consequence of the opening of the Erie Canal.
a. T
b. F
95. A U.S. city of the 19th century was a city of concentration and centralization.
a. T
b. F
96. Nineteenth-century inventions such as steel-frame buildings, electric power lines, and electric elevators had little impact on the growth of cities.
a. T
b. F
97. High density housing for workers partially was a result of limited transportation technology.
a. T
b. F
98. Pollution and environmental destruction began in America after World War I.
a. T
b. F
99. Concentration was replaced by dispersion in late 20th century cities.
a. T
b. F
100. The electric streetcar, which allowed for the development of the outer areas of the city, was first perfected in the 1890s in Chicago.
a. T
b. F
101. Urban corruption in the U.S. has a long history.
a. T
b. F
102. In the period following the Civil War, Boss Tweed of New York City was highly regarded by New Yorkers because he helped the poor and took very little money from the City Treasury for his own use.
a. T
b. F
103. In return for the immigrant’s votes, the boss provided not abstract ideas but practical services and benefits.
a. T
b. F
104. To WASP writers around 1900, problems of moral decay in U.S. cities were not caused by hard-working immigrants, but rather by native-born Americans who tended to be lazy and unwilling to work.
a. T
b. F
105. The progressive movement at the turn of the century was an attempt by the upper middle class to reform the inner city.
a. T
b. F
106. Today, U.S. residents' attitudes toward city life are almost overwhelmingly positive.
a. T
b. F
107. The writer, Josiah Strong, condemned American cities as the source of evil—undermining the existing social order and introducing undesirable changes such as political machines, slums, and low church attendance.
a. T
b. F
Short Answer (in addition to those at the end of the chapter):
108. Discuss the major 17th century English colonies. How were they alike; how were they different? Who were these first colonists and what were their attitudes and aspirations?
109. Discuss the effect the Civil War had on American cities.
110. Discuss the role of cities in America prior to the American Revolution.
111. Discuss the role of technology in reshaping the spatial patterns of American cities between the end of the Civil War (1865) and World War l (1914). Give specific examples.
112. What was a “political boss”? Describe the role of the political bosses. What were the disadvantages and advantages of the boss system?
113. The 19th century writers and politicians equally denounced the cities as a center of “Rum, Romanism and Rebellion.” Describe and explain why America has long been ambivalent about their great cities.
114. What has been America's dominant imagery regarding great cities? How has this imagery affected policy decisions?
115. Discuss 20th century dispersion. What contributed to it, and how has it changed American life?
116. Discuss the impact of immigration during the 19th century. Describe the new immigrants' role in urbanization.
117. Most American colonial cities represented only a small fraction of the population, but politically and socially the towns were dominant. Explain.
118. Discuss the preeminence of New York among American cities. What contributed to its supremacy? How did it differ from other cities?
119. Most American cities were designed and built in the 19th century. Discuss the effects this had on 20th century city functioning.
120. Discuss the problems immigrants faced in 19th century America. Who were the immigrants? Who helped the immigrants? What helped (or hindered) assimilation?
121. Discuss the reform movement of the early 20th century. What was its impetus? How successful was it? Who were its leaders? What were the goals?
122. Compare and contrast the process of urbanization in America with European urbanization.
123. The text states that “the late 19th century city was a city of concentration and centralization accentuated by industrialization”. Expand on this statement with specific examples, and comment on the effects on cities and city life today.
124. Describe the pattern of expansion in the development of America. Who and what aided this development? What were the patterns of expansion?
125. Discuss the myth of agrarian (rural) virtue that continued to live in politics in the beginning of the 20th century.