Test Bank Docx Ch5 Metro And Edge City Growth - Urban World 11e | Practice Test Bank Palen by J. John Palen. DOCX document preview.
Multiple Choice:
1. As of the 2010 census approximately_____ of U.S. growth took place in metro areas.
a. one-half
b. two-thirds
c. three-quarters
d. nine-tenths
2. Which of the following states has all of its population living in urban areas?
a. Utah
b. New Jersey
c. Virginia
d. Washington
3. As of 2013 what proportion of the U.S. population lived in metropolitan areas.
a. one-third
b. half
c. two-thirds
d. four-fifths
4. Today, the following state has the largest percentage of the population living in urbanized areas.
a. New York
b. Virginia
c. Delaware
d. New Jersey
5. Today, the following state has only 20 percent of its population living in urbanized areas.
a. California
b. Idaho
c. Maryland
d. New Jersey
6. During the 20th century, __________.
a. metropolitan areas grew at a rate slower than the population as a whole
b. metropolitan areas lost population
c. if definition changes are taken into account, virtually all growth occurred in metropolitan areas
d. if definition changes are taken into account, half of the population growth occurred in metropolitan areas
7. Today
a. rural counties are generally losing population
b. rural counties are generally fast gaining population
c. rural counties are keeping even with population growth
d. the proportion of total population living in rural counties is increasing
8. The percentage of U.S. population living on farms is _________.
a. 20 percent
b. 10 percent
c. 5 percent
d. under 2 percent
9. During the 1970's the United States experienced __________.
a. a rural depopulation
b. a return to older and simpler rural ways
c. a growth of non-metropolitan population
d. an increase in the percentage of people employed in agriculture
10. The first half of the 20th century witnessed a massive __________.
a. population implosion into metro areas
b. population explosion from urban to rural areas
c. flow of urban business, manufacturing, housing and retail trade from the center to the periphery of the city
d. growth of both urban and rural areas
11. Fifty years ago industry was concentrated __________.
a. in an inner belt just beyond the central business district
b. in outermost areas of the city
c. in the suburbs
d. in small towns
12. Which of the following is the most accurate definition of a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSAs)?
a. a central city of 100,000 and its economically and socially related hinterland
b. a county or group of counties containing a central city of 50,000 plus adjacent counties that are metropolitan in character
c. a central city of 500,000 and its surrounding closely settled territory
d. an urban territory containing 500,000 persons or more
13. Canadian Census Metropolitan Areas (CMAs) have a base population of at least __________.
a. 10,000
b. 50,000
c. 100,000
d. 200,000
14. Until the __________ most the major department stores and retail outlets in the U.S. were located downtown.
a. 1950s
b. 1960s
c. 1970s
d. 1980s
15. Within metropolitan areas, population movement during the 20th century was ________.
a. toward the periphery
b. toward the center
c. equal movement
d. no clear pattern
16. The Census Bureau urbanized area definition is based on __________.
a. county boundaries
b. state borders
c. fixed boundaries
d. population density
17. The boundaries of MSAs are fixed by __________.
a. county boundaries
b. number of houses
c. population density
d. state lines
18. Metropolitan Statistical Areas are based on __________.
a. local definitions
b. percentage of the population in urban areas
c. central city and counties
d. total population
19. Newly defined Micropolitan Statistical Areas have populations __________.
a. over 50,000
b. under 50,000 but over 10,000
c. under 10,000
d. under 5,000
20. The very largest concentrations of metropolitan populations are referred to as __________.
a. MSAs
b. UAs
c. PMSAs
d. CSAs
21. The Bureau of the Census has defined metropolitan areas in two ways: __________.
a. urbanized areas and metropolitan statistical areas
b. urbanized areas and city areas
c. metropolitan statistical areas and non-suburban areas
d. central areas and suburban areas
22. CSA(s) __________.
a. is a popular term rather than one defined by the Bureau of the Census
b. follow state boundaries
c. must have at least a population of 1,000,000
d. are a combination of two or more Metropolitan Statistical Areas
23. Almost all metropolitan growth during the 20th century occurred __________.
a. within the CBD
b. within gentrified areas in the central city
c. in the suburban ring beyond the central city
d. in the suburban ring for older cities and in the city center for younger cities
24. The factor most closely related to a city's growth during the 20th century was __________.
a. its communication network with other cities
b. the availability of cheap electricity
c. its transportation network with other cities
d. the availability of unused land on the periphery
25. The outflow of urban population is most closely related to __________.
a. the initial coming of industrialization
b. changes in corporate management
c. municipal reform movements
d. technological breakthroughs in transportation and communication
26. The text suggests that for commuters what is most important today is __________.
a. time in transit
b. miles traveled
c. super highways
d. miles from the CBD
27. Today roughly one-third of all city land is used for __________.
a. public and government buildings
b. the movement and storage of vehicles
c. communication facilities
d. shopping facilities
28. Post-World War II movement of manufacturing and industry was accelerated by __________.
a. noise regulations
b. railroads
c. interstate highways
d. communication advances
29. Today just over half of Canada’s population is located in _______.
a. Ontario’s Golden Horseshoe
b. Montreal
c. Vancouver
d. Calgary-to-Edmonton
30. In the United States, when was the first year that over half of all residences had telephones?
a. 1910
b. 1920
c. 1930
d. 1940
31. Within metropolitan areas today, the most likely decentralized services are __________.
a. management
b. financial
c. educational institutions
d. wholesaling and manufacturing
32. Generally speaking, which of the following has shown less of a tendency to decentralize and move outside the central business district?
a. manufacturing
b. wholesaling
c. advertising
d. distribution
33. According to the text, CBDs of major American cities have been __________.
a. decreasing in both retail sales and office space
b. decreasing as the dominant center of retail sales, but increasing in office space
c. developing most heavily as convention centers
d. becoming less important as an apartment area for millennials
34. Traditionally, management, finance and government offices are likely to be located in ________.
a. the central business district (CBD)
b. the manufacturing zone around the core
c. the inner suburbs
d. the outer suburbs
35. Central Business Districts __________.
a. still account for over three-quarters of all retail trade
b. have substantially increased their share of retail trade in the past decade
c. are likely to be abandoned
d. have decreased in retail sales
36. Today we have a national pattern of __________.
a. high density on the periphery
b. new cities having very high density in central cities
c. sharp unexplained increases in density in the city centers of older cities
d. moderate level density throughout the metropolitan area
37. During the 21st century the following is true: __________.
a. the number of blue-collar jobs increased for city dwellers
b. more persons were employed in manufacturing in the cities
c. the number of blue-collar jobs decreased for city dwellers
d. the number of technical white-collar jobs decreased for city dwellers
38. According to the text, today ______ of the nations office space is found in suburbia or beyond.
a. one-quarter
b. four -fifths
c. one-fifth
d. one-third
39. __________ coined the term, “edge cities” to refer to the evolving new multiple urban cores increasingly found in the outer rings of metropolitan areas.
a. Joel Garreau
b. Thomas Guterbock
c. Robert Park
d. Louis Wirth
40. Which of the following is true of edge cities?
a. They tend to be located at the edge of the central business district.
b. They do not have clearly defined legal edges or boundaries.
c. They are public entities with democratically elected governments.
d. They are the products of public urban planning initiatives.
41. The movement of industry out of the central city was accelerated by __________.
a. lower central city taxes
b. pressure from municipal governments
c. the building of interstate expressways
d. ease of access to all parts of the city
42. According to the text, which of the following would be considered an “edge city”?
a. Charlotte, NC
b. Los Angeles, CA
c. Tyson's Corner, VA
d. Worchester, MA
43. According to the text, approximately __________ as many manufacturing jobs are now located in the suburbs as in central cities.
a. the same number
b. twice
c. four-times
d. five-times
44. According to the text, the dominant urban symbol at the beginning of the 21st century was the __________.
a. skyscraper
b. expressway
c. cell phone
d. shopping mall
45. According to the text, the number shopping centers (from convenience centers to massive malls) today are____________.
a. growing rapidly
b. growing slowly
c. being built in inner suburbs
d. declining
46. According to the text, the mall that doubled in size to again be the largest in the world is ______
a. Mall of America in Minnasota
b. Galleria Mall in Houston, Texas
c. Southgate Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota
d. Northgate Mall in Seattle, Washington
47. According to the text, it is estimated that__________ of current malls will close by 2025.
a. 5 percent
b. 10 percent
c. 15 percent
d. 20 percent
48. According to the text the most distinctive features of edge cities is that__________.
a. they are accessible by public transport
b. they are private and have no municipal government
c. they are new
d. they have free parking
49. The text suggests that in North America __________.
a. urban-rural differences are increasing
b. we are moving toward a national metropolitan system
c. urban-rural differences never really existed to begin with
d. the concept of a metropolitan-nonmetropolitan continuum is increasing in usefulness
50. Regional population shifts today show __________.
a. greatest growth in cities of the South and West
b. greatest growth in established industrial cities
c. greatest growth in cities of the Midwest
d. greatest growth in the largest cities of all regions
51. A striking sample of the growth of the sunbelt is that of:
a. Peoria, Arizona.
b. Peoria, Illinois.
c. Peoria, Washington.
d. Peoria, Virginia.
52. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Since the Depression, federal funds have flowed northward.
b. Sunbelt states overall continue to show population inflow.
c. The population of sunbelt states has declined.
d. By 2020, over half the U. S. population will be in three sunbelt states.
53. Since the 1980s, the major population shift has been __________.
a. out of the sunbelt
b. into the sunbelt
c. into the Midwest
d. out of the West
54. Between 2010 and 2015 the largest U.S. cities ____________.
a. gained population
b. lost population
c. saw no change
d. became like Detroit
55. The greatest sunbelt development has been in the area of __________.
a. furniture manufacturing
b. agriculture
c. steel production
d. electronics
56. According to the U.S. Census, the fastest-growing region in the country during the 21st century has been the __________.
a. Northeast
b. Midwest
c. South and Southwest
d. Northwest
57. According to the text, most sunbelt growth is a consequence of __________.
a. new technological industries that have grown up in the Southern Rim
b. runaway northern industries that abandoned the industrial heartland to build low-wage, non-union plants in the South
c. people desiring to live in a safer region
d. people fleeing the moral decadence and economic excesses of the North
58. Which of the following is a problem associated with the rise of the sunbelt?
a. moral decay
b. overtaxed water and sewer systems
c. political dishonesty and corruption
d. a decline in the quality of colleges and universities
59. Which of the following is true of sunbelt cities?
a. Sunbelt cities are immune to the population declines that affected frostbelt cities of the North.
b. Sunbelt cities have not suffered from air pollution.
c. Sunbelt cities traditionally have had lower taxes.
d. Sunbelt cities have not suffered from urban sprawl.
60. A major U.S. migration trend of the 21st century is __________.
a. the movement of people from the coastal states to the hinterland
b. a migration of people from southern states to the Northeast
c. a growing movement of people from the U.S. into Canada
d. movement of people toward the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, and to a lesser degree the Pacific coast.
61. Which of the following is true of recent migration trends in the U.S.?
a. Less mass movement of people to the beach has taken place on the West Coast than on the East Coast.
b. More mass movement of people to the beach has taken place on the West Coast than on the East Coast.
c. Equal amounts of movement to the beaches have taken place on both the East and West Coasts.
d. Mass movement has been occurring from both the East and West Coasts into the central U.S.
62. The “moral hazard” problem refers to __________.
a. the fact that older citizens in the U.S. are unwilling to allow tax dollars go to improving the educational system
b. existing federal programs that actually create the kinds of problems that they are designed to eliminate
c. decisions that elected officials must make to control migration into the U.S.
d. environmental problems that are caused by urban growth
True-False:
63. As of today nine-out-of-ten people in the U.S. live in metropolitan areas.
a. T
b. F
64. As of today four out of five Americans live in metropolitan areas.
a. T
b. F
65. The nine largest metropolitan areas, each with a population of more than 5 million, now hold almost two thirds of U.S. residents.
a. T
b. F
66. One state in the U.S., New Jersey, is entirely covered by metropolitan areas.
a. T
b. F
67. The metropolitan areas of the U.S. reached their zenith by 1970 and are losing dominance slowly into the 21st century.
a. T
b. F
68. Over a hundred years ago (1910), roughly one-third of the U.S. population resided in metropolitan areas.
a. T
b. F
69. Rural counties in the U.S. are steadily increasing in population.
a. T
b. F
70. There was a brief revival of nonmetropolitan growth during the 1970s and some rural rebound in the 1990s, but this doesn't represent a return to farming or older rural ways of life.
a. T
b. F
71. A Combined Statistical Area (CSAs) must have at least 10 million persons and clearly defined boundaries.
a. T
b. F
72. In New England, where there are no counties, Metropolitan Statistical Areas consist of townships and cities.
a. T
b. F
73. Metropolitan Statistical Areas are officially designated by the U.S. Bureau of the Census and are based on population rather than territory.
a. T
b. F
74. Because it is based on population, urbanized areas change boundaries.
a. T
b. F
75. Downtowns are becoming major entertainment and convention sites.
a. T
b. F
76. According to the text, the first half of the 20th century witnessed a massive population implosion of population into metro areas.
a. T
b. F
77. By the 1940s, in the U.S., downtowns (or central business districts) had lost most of their major department stores and retail outlets.
a. T
b. F
78. Almost all metropolitan growth during the 20th century occurred in the suburban ring beyond the central city.
a. T
b. F
79. The factor most closely related to a city's growth during the first half of the 20th century was its communication network including telephones, telegraph, and television.
a. T
b. F
80. In the United States, roughly one-third of all city land is devoted to the movement or storage of vehicles.
a. T
b. F
81. Today, the average commuting time between home and work in the U.S. is approximately 60 minutes.
a. T
b. F
82. According to the text, prior to the 1920s there really was no alternative to the railroad in the U.S. for moving inter-city goods.
a. T
b. F
83. The interstate highway system in the U.S. was begun in 1942 during the early stages of World War II.
a. T
b. F
84. The present interstate highway system was created in the late1950s during the Eisenhower administration.
a. T
b. F
85. Edge cities are unique because they are newer.
a. T
b. F
86. Within metropolitan areas, decentralization of business and industry to fringe locations has been selective.
a. T
b. F
87. During the period 1975-2010, northern cities grew in population through immigration and annexation.
a. T
b. F
88. CBDs have lost much of their retailing function but have held on to their management, financial, advertising and government functions.
a. T
b. F
89. Overall, since the mid-1990s, cities have been in serious financial distress and central cities are experiencing poor economic health.
a. T
b. F
90. Today there is a pattern of moderate to low-density housing throughout the metropolitan area.
a. T
b. F
91. Overall, the growth of urban-office, white-collar employment has more than offset the major blue-collar and retail losses in the central cities.
a. T
b. F
92. The term “edge cities” was coined by Joel Garreau in 1991 to describe the pattern of new multiple urban cores increasingly found in the outer rings of metropolitan areas.
a. T
b. F
93. Edge cities are generally located close to the old downtowns and away from any major highways or interstates.
a. T
b. F
94. Edge cities are predominantly retail and business centers.
a. T
b. F
95. According to the text, one of the major suburban changes since the 1940s that is responsible for the development of edge cities is the entry of women into the labor force in large numbers beginning in 1960.
a. T
b. F
96. Edge cities are private property governed by executives appointed by corporate boards.
a. T
b. F
97. Edge cities are easily discernable by their clearly defined legal boundaries.
a. T
b. F
98. Edge cities are not governed by municipal legislation, codes or ordinances.
a. T
b. F
99. The creation of edge cities almost always is a public issue with formal notices, heated discussion and debate from concerned citizens.
a. T
b. F
100. Suburbs have evolved from primarily residential locations to being the major location for shopping, manufacturing and office space.
a. T
b. F
101. According to the text, the dominant urban symbol for the beginning of the 21st century is the skyscraper.
a. T
b. F
102. Canada is now 80 percent urban.
a. T
b. F
103. Shopping centers are a relatively old development in the U.S. The first “shopping center” was built in Chicago in the 1870s.
a. T
b. F
104. According to the text, shopping mall numbers are declining.
a. T
b. F
105. According to the text, malls are public governed spaces that include theaters, restaurants and shopping areas.
a. T
b. F
106. According to the text rural counties are declining in population.
a. T
b. F
107. According to the text trends in the growth of rural populations represent a rebirth of rural ways of life.
a. T
b. F
108. Today, emerging nonmetropolitan growth patterns suggest that the concept of a metropolitan-nonmetropolitan continuum is losing its usefulness.
a. T
b. F
109. The most rapidly growing non-metropolitan areas are those economically tied into the metropolitan nexus but legally beyond the metro area.
a. T
b. F
110. Today, emerging non-metropolitan growth pattern suggest that the concept of a metropolitan – nonmetropolitan continuum is losing utility.
a. T
b. F
111. In the contemporary information society, it is becoming easier to distinguish metropolitan and nonmetropolitan residents on the basis of their occupations, consumer habits, and degree of sophistication.
a. T
b. F
112. During the last decade half the national population growth occurred in the three sunbelt states of California, Florida, and Texas.
a. T
b. F
113. The fastest-growing sunbelt industries are heavy manufacturing industries and extractive industries like steel and coal-mining.
a. T
b. F
114. Sunbelt cities have experienced serious environmental problems due to rapid growth.
a. T
b. F
115. Sunbelt growth is a consequence of smokestack industries moving south to build non-union plants.
a. T
b. F
116. According to the text, a major U.S. migration trend of the 21st century is movement towards the Atlantic and Gulf shorelines.
a. T
b. F
117. The “moral hazard” problem refers to the sunbelt states’ willingness to overlook hazardous working conditions in order to foster a “healthy business climate.”
a. T
b. F
Short Answer (in addition to those at the end of the chapter):
118. One of the most surprising population trends of the 1970s was the emergence of nonmetropolitan growth. List and briefly discuss three possible reasons for such growth.
119. Discuss what is involved in the so-called rise of the “sun belt” and the consequences this will have for urban areas inside and outside the region. What are the advantages?
120. Describe the major patterns in population growth within metropolitan areas as of 1900, 1950 and 2010.
121. Describe two methods used by the Bureau of the Census to define metropolitan areas. What are their respective advantages and disadvantages?
122. Describe the pattern of decentralization from CBDs from 1940 to 2000. Which functions dispersed and which did not? Why?
123. Discuss how advances in transportation and communication have affected the American way of living.
124. Describe the changing functions of CBDs in American cities. What do you see as the future of CBDs in our cities?
125. What is the current pattern of city growth? Describe possible causes. Will it continue?
126. It is said that the concept of a “rural-urban continuum ... has little empirical validity”. Do you agree or disagree? Explain the statement and your position.
127. Describe recent population shifts within the United States. What are the causes, consequences and predictions for the future?
128. Peoria, Illinois—long touted by comedians, politicians, and marketers the quintessential heartland city -- has been surpassed in size and economic activity by the lesser-known Peoria, Arizona. Explain the reasons.
129. Describe the basic urbanization patterns of the United States in the past decade. Cite specific areas and city examples.
130. How does the myth of rural virtue apply to attitudes toward urbanization.