Palen Ch.1 Test Bank Answers The Urban World - Urban World 11e | Practice Test Bank Palen by J. John Palen. DOCX document preview.
CHAPTER 1
Multiple Choice:
1. According to the text, urban places have been on this globe __________.
a. since humans inhabited the earth
b. for about 300,000 years
c. approximately 50,000 years
d. approximately 7,000 -10,000 years
2. In Latin, the term __________ referred to the political nature of the community.
a. civitas
b. mos
c. urbs
d. metropolis
- In Latin, the term __________ referred to the built (physical) form of the city.
a. civitas
b. mos
c. urbs
d. metropolis
4. Which of the following statements is true?
a. By the beginning of the 1800s, 13.6% of the world’s population lived in places of 5,000 or more.
b. In 1900 the proportion of the world's population living in cities of 100,000 or more was approximately 25.5 percent.
c. By 1900, the world was 60 percent urban.
d. World-wide, the number of urban dwellers surpassed rural dwellers for the first time in 1900.
5. Some 120 years ago, in the year 1900, only ____ percent of the world’s population lived in places of 100,000 or more.
a. none
b. 1.7
c. 15.5
d. 27
6. Regarding world population trends, demographically, which century can be characterized as the world's first urban century?
a. the 18th century
b. the 19th century
c. the 20th century
d. the 21st century
7. The first country to enter the industrial age and undergo the urban transformation was __________.
a. the Netherlands
b. England
c. the United States
d. France
8. According to the text, which of the following is true?
a. Massive urbanization was first observed in Asia in the 1800s.
b. The United States first had half its population residing in urban places in 1900.
c. Between 1850 and 1950, the most rapid urban growth took place in
European countries and countries settled by Europeans.
d. Canada first had half its population residing in urban places in 1950.
9. The UN estimates that there are over __________ cities of over a million inhabitants in the world today.
a. 400
b. 600
c. 700
d. 900
10. The term, “urban revolution” refers to __________.
a. the rapid growth of cities in the fertile crescent over 5000 years ago
b. the explosion of urban places that occurred in the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome
c. the rapid growth of cities during the 19th and 20th centuries
d. the growth in first world cities expected to occur in the 21st century
11. Which of the following is the United Nations' definition of “megacity”?
a. a locality with 500,000 or more inhabitants
b. a city with 1 million or more inhabitants
c. an area with over 5 million inhabitants
d. a place with over 10 million inhabitants
12. The World Bank estimates that there are approximately __________ megacities in the world today.
a. 10
b. 14
c. 26
d. 38
13. Approximately __________ of the world's 26 megacities are found in developing countries today.
a. 5
b. 12
c. 15
d. 21
14. According to the text, the bulk of the world’s population growth is now occurring in __________.
a. cities of the developing world
b. cities of the developed, industrialized world
c. rural areas of the developing world
d. rural areas of the developed, industrialized world
15. The urban explosion that occurred in the 19th and 20th centuries was aided by which of the following reasons?
a. increasing fertility rates
b. the beginning of scientific management of agriculture
c. political instability and government turmoil
d. the prevalence of traditional methods of agriculture and farming
16. According to the text, the heavy urbanization in the developing world had been largely __________ phenomenon.
a. a post U.S. Revolutionary War
b. a post U.S. Civil War
c. a post World War I
d. a post World War II
17. The text cites UN statistics that indicate that there currently are __________ urban slum dwellers in the world.
a. 225,000 million
b. 500,000 million
c. 1 billion
d. 4 billion
18. Today one out of ______ urban residents lives in a megacity
a. three
b. ten
c. twenty-five
d. fifty
19. When defining urban settlements primarily on the basis of administrative functions, one is said to be using a(n) __________ definition.
a. cultural
b. political
c. economic
d. demographic
20. When defining urban settlements primarily on the basis of the percentage of people engaged in nonagricultural occupations, one is said to be using a(n) __________ definition.
a. cultural
b. political
c. economic
d. demographic
21. When defining urban settlements primarily on the basis of a “state of mind, body of customs and traditions”, one is said to be using a(n) __________ definition.
a. cultural
b. political
c. economic
d. demographic
22. When defining urban settlements primarily on the basis of the population size, one is said to be using a(n) __________ definition.
a. cultural
b. political
c. economic
d. demographic
23. The term “gesellschaft” would most appropriately be associated with a __________ definition of city.
a. cultural
b. political
c. economic
d. demographic
24. According to UN data “urban” is __________.
a. a place of at least 5,000 inhabitants
b. a place of at least 100,000 inhabitants
c. a place of at least 500,000 inhabitants
d. whatever a nation defines it as
25. The United Nations has urban data for some 228 countries. How does it define “urban”?
a. it accepts each nation’s definition of what is considered urban.
b. it has accepted a uniform definition of what is considered urban.
c. it has accepted the developed world definition of what is considered urban.
d. none of the above.
26. Politically or administratively, a national government may define its urban areas in terms of functions. Roughly half of the nations of which the United Nations has data use
a. economic criteria.
b. administrative criteria.
c. density criteria.
d. size criteria.
27. According to the U.S. Census definition of “urban”, approximately __________ percent of the U.S. population is considered to be urban.
a. 60-65
b. 75-80
c. 85-90
d. 95-100
28. Urbanism includes __________.
a. social-psychological aspects of urban life
b. metropolitan growth patterns
c. measurements and comparisons of rural vs. urban population
d. the process of people moving to cities or other densely settled areas
29. According to the definition used by the United States Bureau of the Census for the 2010 census, __________ of the United States population is urban.
a. half
b. two-thirds
c. three–quarters
d. all
30. Definitions of “urbanization” focus on __________.
a. social patterns and behaviors associated with living in cities
b. psychological aspects of city life
c. values, customs, and traditions connected to urban life
d. the percentage of a population living in urban areas
31. Which of the following statements is true?
a. It is not possible to live in an area with a high level of urbanization and a low level of urbanism.
b. Urbanization and urbanism are essentially the same thing, so if you live in an area with high urbanization, you will automatically experience a high degree of urbanism.
c. It is possible to live in an area with a high level of urbanization and a low level of urbanism.
d. One cannot live in an area that has a low level of urbanization and a high level of urbanism.
32. The text suggests that urbanism as a way of life __________.
a. is virtually universal in the United States
b. has not significantly influenced the attitude and cultural patterns of rural areas
c. is a myth created by the media
d. destroys simpler rural values
33. Vidich and Bensman's, Small Town in Mass Society, documents how __________.
a. a rural village was able to withstand the onslaughts of urbanization and bureaucratization
b. the town was totally dependent on outside political and economic institutions
c. village residents were free from cultural and behavioral patterns associated with urbanism
d. the town residents saw themselves as sophisticated city residents, just like the larger population
34. In Small Town in Mass Society, the authors showed __________.
a. how rural values controlled town actions
b. that rugged individualists can be self-sustaining and independent
c. that the Internet has shrunk distances
d. that the residents were influenced greatly by outside political and economic institutions
35. According to the text, which of the following approaches to the study of urban life is the most micro-level oriented?
a. human ecological
b. political economy
c. social cultural
d. urbanization
36. The text concludes that regarding the relationship between urbanization and health status in 19th and 20th century American cities, __________.
a. inhabitants of large cities were consistently healthier than inhabitants of rural areas or small towns
b. the healthiest inhabitants resided in small towns, but rural residents were healthier than city residents
c. rural residents were far healthier than either city or small-town residents
d. there was no difference between the health of city, town, or rural residents
37. Sociologists use dichotomous typologies of logical constructs called __________.
a. economic patterns
b. rural gemeinschaft
c. classic writings
d. ideal types
38. The late 19th century European social theorist who argued that the final struggle of mature, urban industrial capitalism would be between the capitalists and urban workers was __________.
a. Max Weber
b. Karl Marx
c. Ferdinand Tonnes
d. Georg Simmel
39. According to the text, the most important 19th century European social theorist was __________.
a. Max Weber
b. Karl Marx
c. Ferdinand Tonnes
d. Georg Simmel
40. The late 19th/early 20th century European social theorist who developed the concepts of organic and mechanical solidarity was __________.
a. Max Weber
b. Ferdinand Tonnes
c. Emile Durkheim
d. Georg Simmel
41. The late 19th/early 20th century European social theorist who developed the concepts of “gesellschaft” and “gemeinschaft” was __________.
a. Max Weber
b. Ferdinand Tonnes
c. Emile Durkheim
d. Georg Simmel
42. The late 19th/early 20th century European social theorist who developed the concepts of “traditional” and “rational” society was __________.
a. Max Weber
b. Ferdinand Tonnes
c. Emile Durkheim
d. Georg Simmel
43. Which of the following theorists developed the idea of “folk” and “urban” societies?
a. Robert Park
b. Booker T. Washington
c. Georg Simmel
d. Robert Redfield
44. The shift from a warm, supportive community to a larger, more impersonal society has been defined as a movement from __________.
a. “gesellschaft” to “gemeinschaft”
b. “traditional” to “common” society
c. “urban” to “folk” society
d. “organic” to “mechanical” solidarity
45. The contrast of societies said to possess “mechanical solidarity” to those with “organic solidarity” is attributed to which of the following theorists?
a. George Simmel
b. Robert Redfield
c. Hans Gerth
d. Emile Durkheim
46. In describing the movement from simple folk to urban society, early social theorists have tended to assume __________.
a. change is inevitable and irreversible (unilinear)
b. modern life stresses ascription (family ties) over achievement (individual accomplishments)
c. characteristics associated with city life apply only to certain people
d. the city is the mirror to the past
47. The scientific study of urbanism and urbanization during the 1920s and 1930s was most heavily associated with which university?
a. Harvard University
b. the University of Chicago
c. Stanford University
d. the University of Wisconsin
48. __________ wrote, “Urbanism as a Way of Life” which the text considers to be the most influential essay in urban studies.
a. Robert Park
b. Booker T. Washington
c. Louis Wirth
d. Robert Redfield
49. Which of the following does the text consider to be the “most influential essay in urban studies”?
a. The Ghetto
b. The Jack Roller
c. Urbanism as a Way of Life
d. The Gold Coast and the Slum
True-False:
50. Cities are a relatively new invention in human existence, having existed for approximately 7,000 to 10,000 years.
a. T
b. F
51. The period of social, economic, and cultural dominance of cities in human life is estimated to be longer than the existence of the cities themselves.
a. T
b. F
52. The terms “civilization” and “civilized” come from the Latin, civis, meaning a citizen living in the city.
a. T
b. F
53. In Roman times, civitas referred to the form and physical layout of the city.
a. T
b. F
54. Demographically for the world the 21st century is the first urban century.
a. T
b. F
55. Over 100 years ago in the year 1900 the population of the world was still 95 percent rural.
a. T
b. F
56. The rapidity of the change from rural to urban life is at least as important as the amount of urbanization.
a. T
b. F
57. During the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, the slowest urban growth took place in European countries and in countries largely settled by Europeans.
a. T
b. F
58. The United States had half its population residing in urban places for the
first time in 1920.
a. T
b. F
59. The first country in the world to undergo the urban transformation and become a predominantly urban nation was France.
a. T
b. F
60. The rapid growth of cities during the 19th and 20th centuries is sometimes referred to as the urban revolution.
a. T
b. F
61. In the world today, there are approximately 200 cities with populations over one million persons.
a. T
b. F
62. Today, almost all urban growth is taking place in rapidly growing cities of the developing world.
a. T
b. F
63. Today, developed western nations are experiencing rapid urban growth.
a. T
b. F
64. According to the United Nations' definition, a “megacity” is a place with over 10 million inhabitants.
a. T
b. F
65. There are 73 megacities in the world, today.
a. T
b. F
66. Today, slightly over half of the world's population is urban-based.
a. T
b. F
67. In the industrialized western nations, urbanization is a many centuries old phenomenon.
a. T
b. F
68. Heavy urbanization in the developing world is largely a post-World War II phenomenon.
a. T
b. F
69. The pace of urbanization in developing countries has been much slower than that found during the 19th century in Europe or North America.
a. T
b. F
70. The urban population living in developing countries is expected to stagnate in the 21 century.
a. T
b. F
71. The urban population living in Europe is expected to decline in the 21st century.
a. T
b. F
72. A definition of urban settlements based upon administrative functions is considered to be a political definition.
a. T
b. F
73. Cultural, political, and economic definitions of urban areas are essentially the same.
a. T
b. F
74. A problem with cultural definitions of an urban place is that they don't provide a means of precise measurement.
a. T
b. F
75. According to the United Nations definition, a city is a locality with 500,000 or more inhabitants.
a. T
b. F
76. Politically or administratively, a national government may define its urban areas in terms of administrative criteria.
a. T
b. F
77. Urbanism is defined as the number of people in urban places and
urbanization is the sociocultural consequences of living in urban places.
a. T
b. F
78. Urbanization is used to describe the changes in social organization as a consequence of population concentration.
a. T
b. F
79. Urbanism is described demographically, as the percentage of a nation's total population living in urban areas.
a. T
b. F
80. Under the label of urbanism is found research concerning the social psychological aspects of urban life, urban personality patterns, and the behavioral adaptations required by city life.
a. T
b. F
81. Sociologist Robert Park wrote a very influential article on urbanism entitled, Urbanism as a Way of Life.
a. T
b. F
82. It is possible to live in an area with a high degree of urbanization and a low level of urbanism.
a. T
b. F
83. According to the text, no group in the U.S.⎯ not even separatist religious groups such as the Amish⎯have been able to maintain a rural culture largely independent of urban influence.
a. T
b. F
84. The attitudes and cultural patterns of rural United States are dominated by urban values and lifestyles.
a. T
b. F
85. Ecological and political economy approaches to the study of urban life are both examples of micro-level approaches.
a. T
b. F
86. “Urbanism as a Way of Life” is a micro-level approach to the study of urban life.
a. T
b. F
87. Systematic empirical examination of cities and city life began during the first half of the 18th century, at the dawn of industrialization in the West.
a. T
b. F
88. Research on the relationship between urbanization and health status in 19th and 20th century American cities has found that inhabitants of large cities were healthier than inhabitants of rural areas or small towns.
a. T
b. F
89. According to the text, studies show that inhabitants of large cities are less healthy than the inhabitants of rural areas.
a. T
b. F
90. Urban scholars, with a Marxist orientation, focus on the micro-level analysis of city life.
a. T
b. F
91. According to the text, the most important 19th century European social theorist was probably Karl Marx.
a. T
b. F
92. The concepts of “organic” and “mechanical” solidarity are attributed to Ferdinand Tonnies.
a. T
b. F
93. German sociologist Max Weber made the distinction between “traditional” and “rational” society.
a. T
b. F
94. Georg Simmel made the distinction between “folk” and “urban” societies.
a. T
b. F
95. Geog Simmel wrote The Metropolis and Mental Life, which concentrated on how urbanization increases an individual's alienation and mental isolation.
a. T
b. F
96. Urban research, and virtually all sociological research until World War II, is largely associated with a remarkable group of scholars associated with Harvard University.
a. T
b. F
97. Sociologist Louis Wirth focused on how the size, population density, and heterogeneous nature of cities produced a unique urban way of life.
a. T
b. F
98. Louis Wirth concluded from his research on cities, that city life improves the quality of family living and enhances close social interaction.
a. T
b. F
99. The most influential essay in urban studies remains Lewis Wirth’s essay “Urbanism as a Way of Life”
a. T
b. F
Note: Probably the best short answer questions for each chapter are the 10 Review Questions found at the end of each chapter. However, those who want additional questions can find them in the Test Bank.
Short Answer:
100. Describe how you would define and distinguish between city size, urbanization and urbanism.
101. Explain the statement: The rapidity of the change from rural to urban life is at least as important as the amount of urbanization.
102. Briefly describe urban growth since the 18th century and the factors contributing to the urban explosion.
103. Compare and contrast the various criteria used to define urban areas and give the strengths and weaknesses of each.
104. The text states, “urbanism is a behavioral response to living in certain places.” Explain this statement using definitions, examples and contrasts.
105. Describe and comment on the myth of rural values. Give examples of its application and consequences of its acceptance.
106. Describe the different approaches used in the study of cities. (Include human ecological, political economy, and sociocultural or social psychological approaches). Include the questions and focuses each has taken.
107. Discuss the theories of prominent European social theorists of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. What were the existing social conditions that led to these theories? How did these theories influence sociological thought and writings, particularly with regard to cities?
108. Discuss the differences between macro-level and micro-level orientations. Under which orientation would the Marxism explanation fall and why?
109. A classic statement on urbanism was Louis Wirth's, “Urbanism as a Way of Life.” Comment on Wirth's statement and apply it to urbanism today.