The Reproductive System Chapter.17 Full Test Bank

Student name:__________

TRUE/FALSE - Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
1) Reproductive organs are called gametes.

⊚ true
⊚ false

2) Sex hormones affect only reproductive organs.

⊚ true
⊚ false

3) Gametes are exact copies of body cells, but with only half the number of chromosomes.

⊚ true
⊚ false

4) In meiosis I, one cell with 46 duplicated chromosomes divides into two cells with 23 duplicated chromosomes.

⊚ true
⊚ false

5) Spermatagonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids are germ cells; they are found in seminiferous tubules.

⊚ true
⊚ false

6) The corpus luteum forms from the follicle after ovulation.

⊚ true
⊚ false

7) Just before it is ovulated, the egg completes meiosis II.

⊚ true
⊚ false

8) The uterus usually lies above and tipped over the urinary bladder.

⊚ true
⊚ false

9) Some ducts are common to the reproductive and urinary systems in the female.

⊚ true
⊚ false

10) Most oral contraceptives work by suppressing ovulation.

⊚ true
⊚ false

11) There are effective, curativeantiviral drugs for most STIs that are caused by viruses.

⊚ true
⊚ false

12) Regulation of sex hormone levels is an example of negative feedback homeostatic control.

⊚ true
⊚ false

13) Sex hormones are produced only by the gonads.

⊚ true
⊚ false

14) Deposition of fat by estrogens fosters homeostasis of temperature and energy levels.

⊚ true
⊚ false

15) Estrogens stimulate synthesis of erythropoietin by the kidneys.

⊚ true
⊚ false

CHECK ALL THE APPLY. Choose all options that best completes the statement or answers the question.
16) Which of the following correctly match the meiotic phases with their events?Choose all that apply.

A) Metaphase II - centromeres split, separating chromatids
B) Prophase I - crossing over can occur
C) Telophase II - two cells divide into four haploid cells
D) Metaphase I - homologous chromosome pairs line up at the equator
E) Anaphase II - diploid cells begin cytokinesis

17) Which describe the seminiferous tubules? Choose all that apply.

A) They are found on the posterior wall of the bladder.
B) They produce sperm.
C) They produce semen.
D) They are located in the testes.

MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
18) What are gametes?

A) Reproductive organs such as testes and ovaries
B) Sex hormones such as testosterone and estrogen
C) Sex cells such as sperm and ova
D) Fertilized eggs that develop into embryos

19) Meiosis is _______ division, whereas mitosis is _______ division.

A) reduction; duplication
B) duplication; reduction

20) Which of the following does NOT accurately describe a function of the female reproductive system?

A) The ovaries produce sex hormones.
B) The uterus produces and secretes ova.
C) A fertilized egg develops within the uterus.
D) The vagina is the birth canal.

21) The development of a child into a sexually mature young adult is called

A) metamorphosis.
B) maturation.
C) puberty.
D) menarche.

22) Meiosis

A) produces diploid cells.
B) reduces chromosome number to 23.
C) involves the repair and growth of all body cells.
D) All apply.

23) What is the diploid number of chromosomes in human body cells?

A) 23
B) 46
C) 92
D) 22 pairs

24) What is the haploid number of chromosomes in human cells?

A) 23
B) 46
C) 23 pairs
D) 22 pairs

25) How many cell divisions occur in meiosis?

A) None
B) One
C) Two
D) 23

26) Homologous chromosomes are a pair in which each contains

A) the same exact genes.
B) complementary bases for the other.
C) sections of DNA determining the same traits.
D) a male and female version of the genes.

27) The close grouping of homologous chromosomes in prophase in meiosis I is called a

A) zygote.
B) tetrad.
C) gamete.
D) chromatid.

28) How many cells does meiosis produce from one primary cell?

A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four
E) Eight

29) What is the new cell formed from the union of egg and sperm called and how many chromosomes does it have?

A) Zygote with 23 chromosomes
B) Zygote with 23 pairs of chromosomes
C) Egg with 46 chromosomes
D) Tetrad with 23 pairs of chromosomes

30) When DNA is distributed diffusely throughout the nucleus, it is called ______. When it is organized into condensed structures, those are called ______.

A) genetic; chromatins
B) chromatid; chromosomes
C) chromatin; chromosomes
D) chromosomal; chromatins
E) nucleolus; centrioles

31) After DNA duplication but before meiotic division, achromosome is made up of two ______ attached at the centromere.

A) genes
B) chromatids
C) spindles
D) centrosomes
E) centrioles

32) The primary sex organs of a male are the

A) scrotum.
B) ovaries.
C) testes.
D) penis.

33) The testes

A) produce gametes.
B) secrete hormones.
C) produce gametes and secrete hormones.

34) Why do the testes descend into the scrotum?

A) There is not sufficient room in the abdomen.
B) Abdominal temperature is too low to produce hormones.
C) Abdominal temperature is too high to produce viable sperm.
D) There is no known reason.

35) What is the function of interstitial cells of the testes?

A) Produce immature sperm
B) Produce androgens
C) Produce semen
D) All apply.

36) The most important androgen is

A) testosterone.
B) semen.
C) prostaglandins.
D) progesterone.

37) The process of sperm production is called

A) spermatogenesis.
B) apotosis.
C) goniogenesis.
D) sustentation.
E) None apply.

38) Spermatogenesis

A) occurs in the interstitial cells.
B) involves meiosis.
C) occurs at internal body temperature.
D) All apply.

39) What type of cell is found in the seminiferous tubules?

A) Spermatogonia
B) Sustentacular cells
C) Interstitial cells
D) Both spermatogonia and sustentacular cells

40) What type of cell acts to support, nourish, and regulate the development of sperm?

A) Spermatogonia
B) Sustentacular cells
C) Interstitial cells
D) Both spermatogonia and sustentacular cells

41) What is produced from one primary spermatocyte by the process of spermatogenesis?

A) 2 haploid spermatids
B) 2 diploid spermatids
C) 4 haploid spermatids
D) 4 diploid spermatids

42) A primary spermatocyte is _______; a secondary spermatocytes is______.

A) diploid; diploid
B) tetraploid; diploid
C) haploid; haploid
D) diploid; haploid
E) haploid; tetraploid

43) Human sperm

A) have twenty-three chromosomes.
B) are diploid.
C) secrete testosterone.
D) All apply.

44) Which of the following is NOT part of a mature sperm?

A) Head
B) Midpiece
C) Body
D) Tail

45) The sperm's acrosome contains

A) the chromosomes.
B) the mitochondria.
C) enzymes.
D) the tail.

46) The sperm's midpiece contains

A) the chromosomes.
B) the mitochondria.
C) enzymes.
D) the tail.

47) The __________ stores sperm and allows them to mature.

A) epididymis
B) prostate gland
C) bulbourethral gland
D) urethra
E) seminal vesicle

48) The __________ is not part of the male duct system.

A) epididymis
B) vas deferens
C) bulbourethral gland
D) urethra

49) The __________ conducts sperm into the abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal.

A) epididymis
B) vas deferens
C) bulbourethral gland
D) urethra

50) The vas deferens joins a duct from the seminal vesicle to form the

A) urethra.
B) prostate gland.
C) ejaculatory duct.
D) spermatic cord.
E) epididymis.

51) The ejaculatory ducts join the _______ in the prostate gland.

A) ureters
B) spermatic cord
C) urethra
D) None apply.

52) What structure contains the vas deferens, and the testicular artery, vein, and nerve?

A) Spermatic cord
B) Inguinal canal
C) Epididymis
D) Urethra

53) Which describes cryptorchidism?

A) Infertility
B) Twisting of the spermatic cord
C) Failure of the testes to descend from the abdomen
D) Impotence
E) Hidden tumor in the prostate gland

54) Which describes sperm development in correct order?

A) Primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, spermatogonium, spermatid
B) Spermatogonium, primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, spermatid
C) Spermatid, primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, spermatogonium
D) Sustentacular cell, spermatid, primary spermatocyte, spermatogonium

55) In some males, there is a weaknessin the abdominal wall where the testes descended into the scrotum. Thiscan lead to

A) an inguinal hernia.
B) cryptorchidism.
C) impotence.
D) prostatic hyperplasia.

56) Which of the following does NOT contribute secretions to seminal fluid?

A) Urinary bladder
B) Prostate gland
C) Bulbourethal glands
D) Seminal vesicles

57) Seminal fluid

A) helps neutralize the acidic environment of the vagina.
B) includes fructose which providesenergy for sperm.
C) helps create an optimal pH for sperm motility.
D) All apply.

58) Which structure secretes a mucus-like fluid that helps lubricate the end of the penis for sexual intercourse?

A) Prostate gland
B) Seminal vesicle
C) Bulbourethral gland
D) Epididymis
E) All apply

59) Which male gland is located behind the urinary bladder and secretes an alkaline fluid with fructose and prostaglandins?

A) Bulbourethral glands
B) Cowper's glands
C) Prostate
D) Seminal vesicles

60) Which male gland encircles the urethra and secretes a fluid that enhances sperm motility?

A) Cowper's glands
B) Seminal vesicles
C) Prostate
D) Bulbourethral glands

61) Which are the external genitals of the male?

A) Penis and prostate
B) Scrotum and testes
C) Testes and penis
D) Penis and scrotum

62) What structure is removed from the penis during circumcision?

A) Root
B) Prepuce
C) Glans penis
D) Corpora cavernosa

63) What structure surrounds the urethra as it passes through the penis?

A) Corpus spongiosum
B) Corpora cavernosa
C) Tunica albuginea
D) Prepuce
E) Internal urethral sphincter

64) Which of the following is NOT part of the male sexual response?

A) Erection
B) Ejaculation
C) Refractory period
D) Urination

65) Which of the following is INCORRECT about erection?

A) Autonomic nerves release nitric oxide.
B) cGMP is produced that causes artery walls to relax.
C) Arteries entering the penis constrict.
D) Veins that exit the penis are compressed.

66) Medications that treat erectile dysfunction

A) inhibit the breakdown of cGMP.
B) inhibit the production of cGMP.

67) Penile erection is triggered by increased activity in the ________ nervous system.

A) somatic
B) sympathetic
C) parasympathetic

68) The release of semen from the penis is called

A) incontinence.
B) emission.
C) expulsion.
D) refraction.

69) Which of the following is involved with the functioning of the testes?

A) Hypothalamus
B) Anterior pituitary gland
C) Gonadotropic hormones
D) All apply.

70) Which of the following produces the gonadotropic hormones?

A) Hypothalamus
B) Testis
C) Anterior pituitary gland
D) All apply.

71) LH and FSH are

A) sex hormones.
B) gonadotropic hormones.
C) only in females.
D) All apply.

72) Which of the following stimulates spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules?

A) LH
B) FSH
C) GnRH
D) Inhibin

73) The hormone inhibin gets its name for the way it inhibits

A) the effect of testosterone on its target cells.
B) the release of GnRH and FSH.
C) the effect of LH on the testes.
D) the release of fluids from the prostate and seminal vesicles.
E) the contraction of the urinary bladder during ejaculation.

74) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is secreted by the

A) anterior pituitary gland.
B) interstitial cells.
C) bulbourethral glands.
D) hypothalamus.

75) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) causes

A) the production of testosterone.
B) the secretion of FSH and LH.
C) lactation.
D) the inhibition of the pituitary.

76) Which of the following hormones stimulates its target cells to produce testosterone?

A) LH
B) FSH
C) GnRH
D) Inhibin

77) Which of the following is NOT a function of testosterone?

A) Growth of facial, axillary, and pubic hair
B) Increase in secretion of oil and sweat glands
C) Decrease in the size of the larynx
D) Increased muscle strength

78) Testosterone

A) matures the penis and testes.
B) is responsible for male secondary characteristics.
C) increases oil gland secretion.
D) All apply.

79) Which of the following is NOT a male secondary sex characteristic?

A) Maturation of the testes
B) Facial hair
C) Enhanced muscle strength
D) Deep voice

80) The primary sex organ(s) in females is (are)

A) fallopian (uterine) tubes.
B) ovaries.
C) uterus.
D) All apply.

81) Which of the following is NOT part of the vulva?

A) Clitoris
B) Mons pubis
C) Labia majora
D) Vagina

82) Follicles are found in

A) the ovaries.
B) the testes.
C) the ovaries and testes.
D) neither the ovaries nor testes.

83) The process of forming an ovum is called

A) mitosis.
B) oogenesis.
C) differentiation.
D) leutenization.

84) What nonviable cell is produced by oogenesis?

A) Ovum
B) Polar body
C) Follicle
D) Corpus luteum
E) Sustentacular cell

85) Where does oogenesis occur?

A) In the corpus luteum
B) In the follicle
C) In the epididymis
D) In the uterus
E) In the uterine tube

86) Where does fertilization of an egg usually occur?

A) Pelvic cavity
B) Uterus
C) Vagina
D) Uterine tubes

87) A mature follicle is called a

A) vesicular (Graafian) follicle.
B) primary follicle.
C) secondary follicle.
D) corpus luteum.

88) Once a follicle releases an egg, it becomes a

A) vesicular follicle.
B) corpus luteum.
C) zona pellucida.
D) corpus albicans.

89) At the point of ovulation, the egg is a

A) primary oocyte.
B) secondary oocyte.
C) corpus albicans.
D) diploid ovum.
E) zygote.

90) Whatdraws a released egg into the uterine tube?

A) Follicle
B) Corpus luteum
C) Fimbriae
D) Zona pellucida
E) Ovarian ligament

91) A pregnancy that occurs outside the uterus is called

A) implantation.
B) ectopic.
C) gestation.
D) oogenesis.

92) Implantation occurs in the

A) uterine (Fallopian) tube.
B) endometrium.
C) myometrium.
D) vagina.

93) The inferior part of the uterus is called the

A) vagina.
B) cervix.
C) fimbriae.
D) labia majora.

94) The ligament that holds the upper ovary to thepelvic wall is the ______ ligament.

A) ovarian
B) broad
C) suspensory
D) inguinal

95) Girls are born with _____ follicles.

A) no
B) very few
C) up to 300,000
D) up to 2,000,000

96) Ovulation is described as the

A) fusion of an oocyte and sperm.
B) release of a secondary oocyte from a follicle.
C) burrowing of an embryo into the endometrium.
D) discharge of blood and tissue from the uterus.

97) A corpus albicans is

A) the inviable product of oogenesis.
B) the remnant of a follicle right after ovulation.
C) the remnant of a corpus luteum.
D) part of the vulva.

98) A Pap smear is a scraping of cells from the

A) cervix.
B) vagina.
C) endometrium.
D) ovaries.

99) Which layer of the uterus varies according to the monthly reproductive cycle?

A) Endometrium
B) Myometrium
C) Perimetrium
D) All apply.

100) Development of the fetus occurs in the

A) uterus.
B) vagina.
C) ovaries.
D) uterine tubes.

101) Which of the following is NOT a part of the uterus?

A) Fundus
B) Body
C) Vagina
D) Cervix

102) The part of the uterus above the entrance of the uterine tubes is the

A) fundus.
B) body.
C) external os.
D) cervix.
E) fornix.

103) During sexual intercourse, the penis is received by the

A) uterus.
B) vagina.
C) ovaries.
D) uterine tubes.
E) urethra.

104) Which female structure is homologous to the male's penis?

A) Mons pubis
B) Labia majora
C) Labia minora
D) Clitoris

105) The space between the labia minora is called the

A) labia majora.
B) external os.
C) vestibule.
D) mons pubis.

106) The hair covered folds that extend posteriorly from the mons pubis are the

A) labia majora.
B) labia minora.
C) Bartholin glands.
D) vulvae.

107) Which of the following is NOT true of the female sexual response?

A) The Bartholin glands secrete mucus for lubrication.
B) Breasts swell and nipples become erect.
C) The clitoris can engorge with stimulation.
D) A refractory period follows orgasm.

108) The glands that secrete lubricant at the entrance of the vagina, in anticipation of sexual intercourse, are ______ glands.

A) clitoral
B) Fallopian
C) seminal
D) Bartholin

109) In females, FSH stimulates _______, while LH stimulates ______.

A) ovulation; follicle development
B) follicle development; ovulation
C) endometrial shedding; ovulation
D) endometrium thickening; menstruation

110) Female sex hormones are produced by the

A) ovaries.
B) uterus.
C) breasts.
D) All apply.

111) Which of the following is NOT a result of estrogen production?

A) Increased long bone growth during puberty
B) Shedding of the uterine lining to start the menstrual cycle
C) Effects on fat deposition and other secondary sex characteristics
D) Maturation of oocytes within follicles

112) The phase of the ovarian cycle when progesterone levels are highest is

A) the follicular phase.
B) ovulation.
C) the proliferative phase.
D) the luteal phase.

113) Ovulation is triggered by

A) high levels of LH.
B) high levels of progesterone.
C) low levels of FSH.
D) low levels of estrogen.

114) While the follicular phase is occurring in the ovary, what is occurring in the uterus?

A) Ovulation
B) Menses
C) Proliferative phase
D) Both menses and proliferative phase

115) What occurs during the proliferative phase of the uterus?

A) The endometrium is lost.
B) The perimetrium increases carbohydrate secretion.
C) The endometrium thickens and becomes more vascular.
D) The myometrium doubles in thickness.
E) All apply.

116) What occurs in the ovary at the end of the follicular phase?

A) Menses
B) Ovulation
C) Pregnancy
D) Nothing

117) At the end of the luteal phase, if an embryo has not implanted,

A) ovulation occurs.
B) the corpus luteum degenerates.
C) menstruation occurs.
D) both the corpus luteum degenerates and menstruation occurs.

118) Progesterone

A) is produced by the corpus luteum.
B) inhibits the formation of secondary sexual characteristics.
C) exerts negative feedback over testosterone secretion.
D) All apply.

119) During menstruation, the

A) follicle breaks down.
B) endometrium breaks down.
C) epididymis breaks down.
D) All apply.

120) Which of the following is the correct order of events in the ovary?

A) Ovulation, follicular phase, luteal phase
B) Luteal phase, follicular phase, ovulation
C) Follicular phase, ovulation, luteal phase
D) Luteal phase, ovulation, follicular phase

121) Which of the following is the correct order of events in the uterus in a nonpregnant female?

A) Secretory phase, menstruation, proliferative phase
B) Menstruation, proliferative phase, secretory phase
C) Proliferative phase, menstruation, secretory phase
D) Proliferative phase, secretory phase, menstruation

122) The term 'menstrual cycle' describes events in the

A) uterus.
B) ovaries.
C) uterine tubes.
D) vagina.

123) Which event does NOT occur in the ovary?

A) Follicular phase
B) Luteal phase
C) Ovulation
D) Proliferative phase

124) Post-menopausal ovaries contain lots of

A) corpus lutea.
B) secondary follicles.
C) corpus albicans.
D) secondary oocytes.

125) When a female is pregnant, there is a lot of

A) LH present in the blood.
B) FSH present in the blood.
C) HCG present in the blood.
D) All apply.

126) Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

A) maintains the corpus luteum until the placenta is secreting hormones.
B) is used to detect pregnancy.
C) keeps a new follicle from developing.
D) All apply.

127) Which of the following does NOT occur during menopause?

A) Menstrual cycle ceases.
B) Ovaries secrete very little estrogen and progesterone.
C) Hot flashes, headaches, and depression may occur.
D) HCG secretion increases.

128) Within what age range does menopause typically occur?

A) 35-45
B) 45-55
C) 55-65
D) 65-75

129) It is recommended that women over the age of forty have amammogram once every

A) year.
B) five years.
C) decade.

130) The most commons solid tissue cancer in men 15-35 years old is

A) brain cancer.
B) testicular cancer.
C) prostate cancer.
D) lung cancer.

131) Which of the following hormones is/are needed for breast development?

A) Estrogen
B) Prolactin
C) Progesterone
D) Both estrogen and progesterone

132) Which of the following is needed for milk production?

A) Prolactin
B) Leutenizing Hormone
C) Colostrum
D) Estrogen

133) Which of the following is needed for milk ejection from the breasts?

A) Prolactin
B) Oxytocin
C) Colostrum
D) Estrogen

134) The first secretion from the breasts is a milky fluid rich in protein and antibodies called

A) prolactin.
B) oxytocin.
C) colostrum.
D) estrogen.

135) The dark circular area surrounding the nipple is called the

A) mammary gland.
B) areola.
C) lactiferous ducts.
D) alveolus.

136) The presence of certain hormones during pregnancy stimulate the development of the milk-producing structures of the breast known as

A) septa.
B) alveoli.
C) lactiferous sinuses.
D) areolae.

137) What type of birth control ismost effective for preventing sexually transmitted infections?

A) Condom
B) Hormone pill
C) Spermicides
D) Diaphragm
E) Copper IUD

138) Which of the following methods appears to have the highest effective rate for preventing pregnancy?

A) Progesterone-releasing IUD
B) Spermicides
C) Female condom

139) Combined hormone birth control contains

A) FSH and LH.
B) estrogen and progestin.
C) FSH and estrogen.
D) hCG and progestin.

140) Which of the following is a method for delivering combined hormone birth control?

A) Pills
B) Skin patch
C) Vaginal ring
D) Injection
E) All apply.

141) How does combined hormone birth control work?

A) Prevents fertilization
B) Prevents implantation
C) Prevents ovulation
D) All apply.

142) Synthetic progesterone as a contraceptive works by

A) preventing fertilization and implantation.
B) preventing ovulation and changing the uterine lining.
C) preventing sperm from reaching the egg
D) All apply.

143) An IUD is placed in the _____ and will prevent implantation if fertilization should occur.

A) vagina
B) uterine tubes
C) uterus
D) urethra

144) The most frequent cause of infertility in males is

A) increased body weight.
B) endometriosis.
C) low sperm count.
D) prostate problems.

145) Low sperm count could be attributed to

A) exposure to chemicals (pesticides, industrial solvents).
B) exposure to ionizing radiation.
C) overheating of the testes.
D) substance abuse (excessive smoking, drinking).
E) All apply.

146) The most frequent cause of infertility in females is

A) body weight that is very high or very low.
B) endometriosis.
C) blocked uterine tubes.
D) malfunctioning fimbriae.

147) In which case does fertilization occur inside the woman's body?

A) Artificial insemination
B) In vitro fertilization
C) Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
D) All apply.

148) Sometimes endometrial tissue escapes the uterus via the uterine tubes instead of the cervix and can attach to the uterine tubes or abdominal organs. This is a condition called ______.

A) infertility
B) ectopic pregnancy
C) syphilis
D) endometriosis

149) Ahysterectomy involves removal of the

A) ovaries.
B) breasts
C) uterus.
D) uterine tubes.

150) Which STI is caused by a virus?

A) Chlamydia
B) Gonorrhea
C) Hepatitis
D) Syphilis

151) Which STI is associated with cancer of the cervix?

A) Genital warts
B) Genital herpes
C) Chlamydia
D) Syphilis

152) Genital warts are caused by

A) herpes simplex.
B) Neisseria gonorrhaeae.
C) Treponema pallidum.
D) human papillomavirus.

153) Syphilis is caused by

A) herpes simplex.
B) Neisseria gonorrhaeae.
C) Treponema pallidum.
D) human papillomavirus.

154) Chlamydia is caused by a

A) virus.
B) bacterium.
C) fungus.
D) prion.

155) Which of the following is a sign of primary stage syphilis?

A) A non-itchy rash
B) A chancre sore
C) Gummas
D) All apply.

156) Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on the female reproductive system?

A) Ovaries become unresponsive to pituitary gonadotropic hormones.
B) External genitals atrophy.
C) Sexual desire declines.
D) Osteoporosis increases.

157) Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on the male reproductive system?

A) Testosterone levels decline.
B) Sexual desire continues.
C) Sperm production ceases.
D) Enlarged prostate.

158) Estrogens stimulate the liver to produce

A) bile and digestive enzymes.
B) peptide hormones related to blood pressure control.
C) proteins that transport iron and copper.
D) antidiuretic hormone.

159) Estrogens trigger production of lipoproteins that carry cholesterol. Cholesterol forms the _______ from which sex hormones are synthesized.

A) high density carbohydrate
B) amino acid chain
C) steroid nucleus
D) hydrophilic parent