The Digestive System Exam Prep Chapter 15

Student name:__________

TRUE/FALSE - Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
1) Food usually leaves the stomach in 10 to 12 hours.

⊚ true
⊚ false

2) The small intestine is so named because of its short length.

⊚ true
⊚ false

3) Vitamins and minerals are digested in the small intestine.

⊚ true
⊚ false

4) Peristalsis begins in the pharynx.

⊚ true
⊚ false

5) The muscularis layer is normally made up of two layers of skeletal muscle.

⊚ true
⊚ false

6) The hormone gastrin controls muscle contraction and secretion by the stomach.

⊚ true
⊚ false

7) The hormone leptin is secreted by the pancreas.

⊚ true
⊚ false

8) The liver produces several digestive enzymes.

⊚ true
⊚ false

9) The gall bladder synthesizes bile.

⊚ true
⊚ false

10) Bicarbonate from the pancreas is needed to neutralize the chyme before digestion can begin in the intestines.

⊚ true
⊚ false

11) Sucrase can substitute for lactase for those who do not have lactase to digest the sugar lactose.

⊚ true
⊚ false

12) Maltase is a disaccharase.

⊚ true
⊚ false

13) The esophagus is prone to more disorders in the elderly than in younger people.

⊚ true
⊚ false

14) Peristalsis slows in the elderly.

⊚ true
⊚ false

15) The failure of older people to consume enough fiber can lead to constipation which increases the risk of diverticulosis and hemorrhoids.

⊚ true
⊚ false

16) The gastrointestinal tract can be considered to be part of the endocrine system.

⊚ true
⊚ false

17) The gastrointestinal tract organs produce hormones that act on other body systems.

⊚ true
⊚ false

18) The integumentary system is necessary for the intestinal absorption of vitamins.

⊚ true
⊚ false

19) The lymphatic system is necessary for the absorption of glucose and amino acids from the small intestine.

⊚ true
⊚ false

20) The body cannot make an essential fatty acid, but can make an essential amino acid.

⊚ true
⊚ false

21) Since proteins are needed by the body, all twenty amino acids are considered essential amino acids.

⊚ true
⊚ false

22) Vitamins play essential roles in cellular metabolism and are required in the diet.

⊚ true
⊚ false

23) Women with anorexia nervosa do not menstruate.

⊚ true
⊚ false

24) Obesity is defined as a body weight 12% or more above the ideal weight for a person's height.

⊚ true
⊚ false

25) A deficiency of folic acid could result in a bleeding disorder.

⊚ true
⊚ false

26) Niacin is a B-complex vitamin.

⊚ true
⊚ false

27) Vitamin D aids in the ability to see at night.

⊚ true
⊚ false

28) Minerals are needed in very small amounts but are essential for proper functioning of the body.

⊚ true
⊚ false

CHECK ALL THE APPLY. Choose all options that best completes the statement or answers the question.
29) Which are accessory organs of digestion? Choose all that apply.

A) Stomach
B) Pancreas
C) Large intestine
D) Teeth
E) Gallbladder

30) Which of the following are protein-digesting enzymes from the pancreas? Choose all that apply.

A) Carboxypeptidase
B) Amylase
C) Chymotrypsin
D) Trypsin
E) Carbonic anhydrase

31) Which are components of a hepatic portal triad? Choose all that apply.

A) Branch of hepatic portal vein
B) Branch of hepatic vein
C) Branch of hepatic artery
D) Bile duct

MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
32) The main reason food is digested is so that

A) its taste can be enhanced.
B) it can be converted to waste.
C) nutrients can be absorbed into the bloodstream.
D) solids can be converted to liquids.

33) Which of the following is NOT a function of the digestive system?

A) Ingestion of food
B) Absorption of nutrient molecules
C) Elimination of indigestible wastes
D) Movement of nutrients to the cells

34) The palate separates

A) the small and the large intestine.
B) the esophagus and the larynx.
C) the oral and nasal cavities.

35) What structures of the tongue help to handle food and contain the taste buds?

A) Frenulum
B) Papillae
C) Uvula
D) Palates

36) Which of the following is NOT a salivary gland?

A) Submaxillary
B) Parotid
C) Sublingual
D) Submandibular

37) Which of the following is NOT a component of saliva?

A) The enzyme salivary amylase
B) Mucus
C) Hydrochloric acid
D) Water

38) Which of the following is NOT a function of saliva?

A) Starts the digestion of proteins
B) Moistens food for swallowing
C) Starts the digestion of starches
D) Removes microbes

39) The oral cavity and its anatomical features are responsible for

A) ingestion of food.
B) mechanical digestion.
C) swallowing.
D) All apply.

40) The pharynx transports food into the

A) stomach.
B) esophagus.
C) larynx.
D) All apply.

41) Food that leaves the mouth and enters the pharynx is in the form of

A) chyme.
B) chyle.
C) a bolus.
D) rugae.
E) gastric juice.

42) The function of the uvula is to prevent food from entering the

A) larynx.
B) pharynx.
C) nasal cavity.
D) mouth.

43) The uvula is part of the

A) larynx.
B) lingual frenulum.
C) soft palate.
D) nasal cavity.
E) laryngopharynx.

44) An individual is considered tongue-tied if the __________ is too short.

A) hyoid
B) lingual frenulum
C) uvula
D) cecum
E) buccal papilla

45) When bacteria release acids that damage teeth, cavities, also known as ________, can result.

A) periodontitis
B) caries
C) gingivitis
D) serosae
E) papillae

46) The wisdom teeth are also

A) incisors.
B) canines.
C) premolars.
D) molars.

47) Which are the chisel-shaped teeth that function for biting?

A) Incisors
B) Canines
C) Premolars
D) Molars

48) The external surface of the crown of a tooth is covered with

A) dentin.
B) pulp.
C) enamel.
D) caries.

49) Fluoride treatment strengthens the

A) enamel.
B) dentin.
C) pulp.
D) periodontal membrane.

50) Which of the following is NOT a tonsil?

A) Palatine
B) Pharyngeal
C) Laryngeal
D) Lingual

51) Which region of the pharynx serves only the respiratory system?

A) Laryngopharynx
B) Nasopharynx
C) Oropharynx

52) What mechanical process moves the bolus through the esophagus?

A) Peristalsis
B) Swallowing
C) Segmentation
D) Mass movement

53) A circular muscle that acts as a valve is called a

A) diaphragm.
B) epiglottis.
C) sphincter.
D) plicae.

54) The region between the teeth, lips, and cheeks is called the

A) gingiva.
B) oropharynx.
C) uvula.
D) vestibule.

55) Carbohydrates are first chemically digested in the

A) stomach.
B) duodenum.
C) mouth.
D) large intestine.

56) Ingested carbohydrates are first chemically digested by

A) pancreatic amylase.
B) salivary amylase.
C) pepsin.
D) trypsin.

57) What digestive function occurs in the esophagus?

A) Begin chemical digestion of proteins
B) Provide saliva to moisten the bolus
C) Transport the bolus from the pharynx to the stomach
D) Help protect the body from disease

58) What prevents acid from backing up into the esophagus from the stomach?

A) Pyloric sphincter
B) Lower esophageal sphincter
C) Rugae
D) Adventitia

59) Which of the following is the correct order for the tissues of the digestive tract from external to internal?

A) Muscularis, mucosa, submucosa, serosa
B) Serosa, muscularis, submucosa, mucosa
C) Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa
D) Submucosa, mucosa, muscularis, serosa

60) Which layer of the digestive tract wall contains epithelial cells including goblet cells that secrete mucus?

A) Mucosa
B) Submucosa
C) Muscularis
D) Serosa

61) Which layer of the digestive tract wall contains loose connective tissue, lymph nodules, blood vessels, and nerves?

A) Mucosa
B) Submucosa
C) Muscularis
D) Serosa

62) How many layers of smooth muscle are generally found in the muscularis layer of the digestive tract wall (for example, in the wall of the small intestine)?

A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) None

63) What is the purpose of the secretions of the serosa?

A) Digest carbohydrates
B) Reduce acidity
C) Allow abdominal organs to slide against each other
D) All of the choices are correct.

64) Deep folds in the wall of the stomach called _____ help it to expand to hold food.

A) rugae
B) plicae
C) sphincters
D) gastric pits

65) Which of the following is NOT a region of the stomach?

A) Fundic region
B) Cardiac region
C) Hepatic region
D) Pyloric region

66) Which of the following is NOT a function of the stomach?

A) Absorbs most nutrients
B) Receives and stores food
C) Liquefies food
D) Moves food into small intestine

67) Gastric glands

A) line the esophagus.
B) secrete juice containing HCl.
C) secrete amylase.
D) All apply.

68) Which gastric cell type secretes HCl?

A) Chief
B) Mucus
C) Parietal
D) Enteroendocrine

69) Which type of cell secretes pepsinogen?

A) Chief
B) Mucus
C) Parietal
D) Enteroendocrine
E) Goblet

70) A function of hydrocholoricacid in the stomach is to

A) chemically digestfats.
B) activatelipase.
C) activatepepsin from pepsinogen.
D) All apply.

71) Lack of intrinsic factor leads to

A) heartburn.
B) pernicious anemia.
C) gastric ulcers.
D) gall stones.
E) None apply.

72) Intrinsic factor produced by the stomach is critical for absorption of

A) vitamin A.
B) vitamin B ₆.
C) vitamin B ₁₂.
D) vitamin D.
E) vitamin C.

73) An open sore in the stomach wall due mainly to the action of a bacterium, Helicobacter pylori, is

A) pernicious anemia.
B) heartburn.
C) a hiatal hernia.
D) an ulcer.

74) Food leaving the stomach is called

A) bolus.
B) rugae.
C) chyme.
D) segmenta.

75) The serous membrane of the abdominal cavity is the

A) pericardium.
B) pleura.
C) peritoneum.
D) endometrium.
E) adventitia.

76) What is the function of the small intestine?

A) Digests food
B) Absorbs nutrients
C) Transports undigested food to the large intestine
D) All apply.

77) Which is the first portion of the small intestine?

A) Duodenum
B) Ileum
C) Jejunum
D) Cecum

78) What controls passage of material from the stomach to the small intestine?

A) Duodenal cecal valve
B) Cardiac sphincter
C) Fundus
D) Pyloric sphincter
E) Ileal fold

79) Which is the longest portion of the small intestine?

A) Ileum
B) Duodenum
C) Pylorus
D) Jejunum

80) Which of the following is NOT a region of the small intestine?

A) Jejunum
B) Ileum
C) Cecum
D) Duodenum

81) Which segment of the small intestine receives secretions from the pancreas?

A) Jejunum
B) Ileum
C) Cecum
D) Duodenum

82) Which of the following does NOT aid in giving the internal surface of the small intestine a larger surface area?

A) Circular folds
B) Rugae
C) Villi
D) Microvilli

83) Lacteals

A) are located in villi.
B) are part of the lymphatic system.
C) absorb fat molecules.
D) All apply.

84) A special type of mixing movement of chyme in the small intestine is called

A) peristalsis.
B) segmentation.
C) absorption.
D) mass movement.

85) Peristalsis is a process in which

A) the entire esophagus contracts at once.
B) food is squeezed forward through the digestive tract.
C) food can move forward or backward.
D) contraction can only occur when food is present.
E) food is mechanically digested as it is repeatedly squeezed in a closed organ.

86) What serves to emulsify fats?

A) HCl
B) Bile
C) Mucus
D) Intrinsic factor

87) Bile is secreted by the _____ and has its effect inthe ______.

A) liver; duodenum
B) gastric glands; stomach
C) pancreas; duodenum
D) salivary glands; mouth

88) Fat-soluble nutrients are absorbed into the _____. Water-soluble nutrients are absorbed into the ______.

A) blood capillaries; blood capillaries
B) blood capillaries; lacteals
C) lacteals; blood capillaries
D) lacteals; lacteals

89) Which nervous system division controls muscle contraction and secretion in the digestive system?

A) Somatic motor nervous system
B) Sympathetic nervous system
C) Enteric nervous system
D) Afferent nervous system

90) What body system, other than the nervous system, is very important for controlling activities of the digestive system?

A) Skeletal system
B) Muscular system
C) Lymphatic system
D) Endocrine system

91) What hormone, secreted by enteroendocrine cells, increases stomach churning and release of gastric juices?

A) GIP
B) Gastrin
C) Cholecystokinin
D) Secretin

92) Which digestive secretion is correctly matched to its function?

A) Gastrin - release of alkaline secretions from the pancreas
B) Secretin - release of hydrochloric acid
C) Cholecystokinin (CCK) - release of alkaline pancreatic juices and bile
D) GIP - decreased release of bile

93) Which phase of digestion occurs when you think about, see, or taste food?

A) Mental phase
B) Intestinal phase
C) Gastric phase
D) Cephalic phase

94) The presence of food high in amino acids that stretches the stomach will trigger the ______ phase of digestion.

A) Gastric
B) Cephalic
C) Digestive
D) Intestinal
E) Somatic

95) The parasympathetic nervous system will trigger the _______ phase of digestive secretion when food arrives in the duodenum.

A) cephalic
B) pancreatic
C) intestinal
D) gastric
E) accessory

96) Which of the following is NOT part of the large intestine?

A) Ileum
B) Cecum
C) Rectum
D) Colon

97) The hormone ghrelin is produced by the ______ and acts on the _______.

A) duodenum; stomach
B) pancreas; duodenum
C) stomach; hypothalamus
D) pancreas; cerebrum

98) Leptin stimulates

A) the hunger sensation.
B) release of secretin.
C) the feeling of fullness after eating.
D) gastrin secretion.

99) The feeling of hunger that causes us to eat is contributed to by the action of

A) leptin.
B) cholecystokinin.
C) secretin.
D) ghrelin.

100) The large intestine functions to

A) digest fat.
B) absorb water.
C) store food.
D) All apply.

101) Which of the following is NOT a feature of the large intestine?

A) Is shorter and larger in diameter than the small intestine
B) Contains pouches called haustra
C) Moves waste by segmentation
D) Absorbs water, salts, and some vitamins

102) Bacteria in the large intestine

A) break down some undigested food.
B) produce vitamins.
C) produce gas.
D) All apply.

103) What is the first section of the large intestine?

A) Ascending colon
B) Cecum
C) Descending colon
D) Rectum

104) What is the last section of the large intestine?

A) Rectum
B) Cecum
C) Ascending colon
D) Sigmoid colon

105) Control of defecation involves voluntary relaxation of the

A) external anal sphincter.
B) oblique muscularis.
C) internal rectal sphincter.
D) teniaecoli.
E) ilieocecal valve.

106) Movement of wastes through the large intestine too quickly can result in

A) diarrhea.
B) constipation.
C) heartburn.
D) peritonitis.

107) What action(s) can help prevent constipation?

A) Drinking more water
B) Eating more fiber
C) Getting exercise
D) All apply.

108) Which of the following is NOT part of the colon?

A) Ascending colon
B) Rectum
C) Sigmoid colon
D) Transverse colon

109) Appendicitis and diverticulosis are associated with the

A) small intestine.
B) large intestine.
C) stomach.
D) esophagus.

110) Which is the correct order, following the path of feces, through the large intestine?

A) Cecum, descending colon, ascending colon, transverse colon, sigmoid colon
B) Cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon
C) Sigmoid colon, descending colon, transverse colon, ascending colon, cecum
D) Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, cecum

111) Feces pass from the sigmoid colon directly into the

A) ilium.
B) cecum.
C) rectum.
D) descending colon.

112) The pouches in the walls of the large intestine are called

A) anal canals.
B) vermiform appendices.
C) taenia coli.
D) haustrae.
E) papillae.

113) The ______ peritoneum is located on the surface of the abdominal organs, while the ______ peritoneum lines the abdominopelvic cavity.

A) visceral; parietal
B) parietal; visceral

114) The _____ omentum is between the stomach and the liver, while the ______ omentum hangs down like a sheet covering the intestines.

A) greater; lesser
B) lesser; greater

115) The pancreas and liver are referred to as 'accessory' organs because

A) they are not needed for digestion.
B) food does not pass through them.
C) they do not produce digestive enzymes.
D) All apply.

116) The pancreas secretes enzymes acting on

A) proteins.
B) fats.
C) carbohydrates.
D) All apply.

117) The secretion of pancreatic juice from the pancreas is a/an

A) endocrine function.
B) exocrine function.
C) hormone function.
D) All apply.

118) Pancreatic juice and bile are both released into the

A) duodenum.
B) ascending colon.
C) jejunum.
D) descending colon.

119) Pancreatic amylase will digest

A) proteins.
B) fats.
C) starches.
D) minerals.

120) Which of the following is the largest internal organ in the body?

A) Pancreas
B) Gallbladder
C) Liver
D) Gastric gland

121) The liver functions to

A) store glucose as glycogen.
B) secrete digestive enzymes that break down proteins.
C) absorb nutrients.
D) All apply.

122) Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?

A) Produces digestive enzymes
B) Stores iron and fat-soluble vitamins
C) Regulates the amount of cholesterol in the blood
D) Removes poisonous and toxic substances from the blood

123) What type of cells remove pathogens in the liver?

A) Peyer patches
B) Enterogastric cells
C) Hepatic cells
D) Kupffer cells
E) Merkel cells

124) The emulsifying ingredient(s) in bile is(are)

A) biliverdin.
B) bilirubin.
C) bile salts.
D) All apply.

125) Bile pigments are

A) yellow substances synthesized in the gallbladder.
B) formed from the breakdown of hemoglobin in the liver.
C) synthesized in the pancreas.
D) used to break down proteins.

126) For which type of molecule does emulsification occur before digestion begins?

A) Protein
B) Sugar
C) Fat
D) All apply.

127) Jaundice

A) results in a yellowish tint in the skin.
B) may be due to increased red cell destruction.
C) may be due to gallstones obstructing the bile duct.
D) All apply.

128) __________ is liver inflammation that can be caused by the use of unsanitary needles.

A) Cirrhosis
B) Hepatitis
C) Jaundice

129) __________ is liver damage that can be caused by the use of alcohol.

A) Cirrhosis
B) Hepatitis
C) Jaundice

130) __________ results from an overabundance of bile pigments in the blood.

A) Cirrhosis
B) Hepatitis
C) Jaundice

131) Bile leaves the gallbladder by way of the

A) common hepatic duct.
B) cystic duct.
C) hepatic portal vein.
D) common bile duct.

132) The ideal pH of pancreatic digestive enzymes is

A) slightly acidic.
B) slightly basic.
C) very acidic.
D) very basic.

133) What is the function of enterokinase?

A) It activates trypsin.
B) It activates pepsin.
C) It neutralizes the pH of chyme.

134) Which of the following is NOT true of digestive enzymes?

A) They are pH dependent.
B) They are hydrolytic enzymes.
C) One enzyme can catalyze several reactions.
D) They use water as a reactant.

135) What is gluconeogenesis?

A) The creation of glucose molecules from amino acids and fatty acids
B) The breakdown of glycogen into glucose
C) The formation of glycogen from glucose
D) The creation of pyruvate from glucose

136) When the liver breaks down amino acids, the waste product produced is

A) uric acid.
B) bile.
C) urea.
D) bilirubin.

137) The cystic duct and the common hepatic duct merge to form the _____, which empties into the duodenum.

A) gallbladder
B) hepatic portal vein
C) common bile duct
D) main pancreatic duct

138) Which of the following organs does NOT produce enzymes for starch (carbohydrate) digestion?

A) Mouth
B) Stomach
C) Small intestine
D) Pancreas

139) Where does starch (carbohydrate) digestion occur?

A) Mouth and stomach
B) Stomach and small intestine
C) Stomach and pancreas
D) Mouth and small intestine

140) What reaction does pepsin catalyze?

A) Breakdown of proteins into peptides
B) Breakdown of starches into disaccharides
C) Breakdown of fats to fatty acids
D) Breakdown of dipeptides to amino acids
E) Breakdown of glucose to glycerol

141) The final breakdown product of starch is

A) maltose.
B) peptides.
C) glucose.
D) glycerol

142) Where does protein digestion occur?

A) Mouth and stomach
B) Stomach and small intestine
C) Stomach and pancreas
D) Mouth and small intestine

143) The final breakdown product of protein is

A) maltose.
B) glucose.
C) fatty acid.
D) amino acids.

144) Dietary fats are broken down into

A) amino acids and glycerol.
B) fatty acids and glycerol.
C) fatty acids and nucleic acids.
D) nucleic acids and glucose.

145) Fats are digested in the

A) stomach.
B) liver.
C) pancreas.
D) small intestine.

146) What happens first in the process of fat digestion?

A) Breakdown by hydrochloric acid
B) Emulsification by bile salts
C) Hydrolysis by lipase
D) Movement into lacteal

147) Nucleic acids are broken down into

A) amino acids and phosphates.
B) sugars, phosphates, and organic bases.
C) nitrogen bases, sugar, and glucose.
D) fatty acids, amino acids, and sugar.
E) adenine, cytosol, and tyrosine.

148) Which of the following is NOT a brush border enzyme?

A) Nucleotidase
B) Lactase
C) Amylase
D) Peptidase

149) Where are brush border enzymes found?

A) Saliva
B) Stomach lining and gastric juice
C) Microvilli of small intestine
D) Haustra

150) The __________ digests ONLY protein, not other nutrients.

A) large intestine
B) stomach
C) esophagus
D) small intestine
E) mouth

151) The __________ ONLY transports food; it does not participate in digestion or absorption.

A) large intestine
B) stomach
C) esophagus
D) small intestine
E) mouth

152) What chemical is a reactant in the hydrolysis of food?

A) Hydrochloric acid
B) Bicarbonate ion
C) Water
D) Carbon dioxide

153) The organ that absorbs water and salts and that produces and absorbs some vitamins, but does not otherwise participate in digestion, is the

A) large intestine.
B) stomach.
C) esophagus.
D) small intestine.
E) mouth.

154) The organ that chemically digests ONLY starch is the

A) large intestine.
B) stomach.
C) esophagus.
D) small intestine.
E) mouth.

155) The main digestive organ that absorbs nutrients is the

A) pharynx.
B) esophagus.
C) small intestine.
D) mouth.

156) Chemical digestion begins in the

A) mouth.
B) esophagus.
C) stomach.
D) small intestine.

157) The __________ transports and eliminates waste.

A) stomach
B) large intestine
C) small intestine
D) pancreas

158) Most chemical digestion of food occurs in the

A) stomach.
B) large intestine.
C) small intestine.
D) mouth.

159) The __________ secretes pepsin.

A) stomach
B) large intestine
C) small intestine
D) mouth

160) Which organs of the digestive tract lack digestive enzymes?

A) Mouth and esophagus
B) Mouth and pancreas
C) Esophagus and large intestine
D) Stomach and large intestine
E) Small and large intestines

161) Which enzyme breaks starch down into maltose?

A) Amylase
B) Lipase
C) Maltase
D) Pepsin

162) Which enzyme breaks down maltose?

A) Amylase
B) Lipase
C) Maltase
D) Pepsin
E) Lactase

163) Heartburn is caused by

A) the heart's temperature rising.
B) swallowing of hot food.
C) contents of the stomach escaping into the esophagus.

164) Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on the digestive system?

A) Increased incidence of gallstones
B) Increased incidence of constipation and hemorrhoids
C) Increased liver size
D) Increased incidence of peptic ulcers and hiatal hernias

165) The condition that occurs when the lower portion of the esophagus protrudes into the thoracic cavity is

A) GERD.
B) a peptic ulcer.
C) heartburn.
D) a hiatal hernia.

166) Which characterizes diverticulosis?

A) An infection of the vermiform appendix
B) Regurgitation of stomach contents into the esophagus
C) The formation of pouches in the wall of the colon
D) A decrease in the production of intrinsic factor in the stomach

167) Which is the most immediate source of energy for the body?

A) Amino acids
B) Glucose
C) Glycogen
D) Any sugar

168) A complete protein

A) supplies all 20 amino acids in the diet.
B) supplies only the essential amino acids.
C) is generally found in vegetables.
D) is found only in meat.

169) _______ are organic molecules that are needed by the body in small amounts and do not need to be digested.

A) Carbohydrates
B) Essential fatty acids
C) Vitamins
D) Minerals

170) Which of the following vitamins is NOT correctly matched with its major function?

A) Vitamin A - helps in night vision
B) Vitamin D - helps absorb calcium from the small intestine
C) Vitamin K - helps to form collagen
D) Folic acid - helps to make hemoglobin in red blood cells

171) Which of the following is NOT a fat-soluble vitamin?

A) Vitamin B
B) Vitamin E
C) Vitamin A
D) Vitamin D

172) Which of the following foods is NOT a good dietary source of vitamins?

A) Green, leafy vegetables
B) Nuts
C) Citrus fruits
D) Red meat

173) Many of the water-soluble vitamins function as

A) digestive enzymes.
B) chaperone molecules.
C) cell adhesion molecules.
D) coenzymes.
E) growth factors.

174) Which of the following minerals is NOT correctly matched with its major function?

A) Calcium - building strong bones and teeth
B) Chloride - aids in acid-base balance
C) Iodine - helps wounds to heal
D) Sodium - needed for nerve impulse transmission

175) Which mineral is correctly matched to its function?

A) Phosphorus - associates with vitamin E to help make gastric juice
B) Magnesium - protects plasma membrane from oxidative changes
C) Zinc - needed for wound healing and prevention of anemia
D) Chromium - component of thyroid hormone

176) Obesity may be caused by

A) hormones.
B) metabolism.
C) social factors.
D) All apply.

177) Which eating disorder is characterized by bingeing and purging?

A) Anorexia nervosa
B) Bulimia nervosa
C) Obesity

178) Individuals with which eating disorder are most likely to hold a distorted body image?

A) Anorexia nervosa
B) Bulimia nervosa
C) Obesity

179) Laparoscopic banding is a procedure in which

A) the jejunum is connected to the esophagus.
B) a tight band is placed around the stomach.
C) small incisions allow shortening of the small intestine.
D) a band of artificial tissue is implanted in the duodenum to decrease intestinal absorption.

180) Dietary fiber is a type of

A) carbohydrate.
B) protein.
C) fat.
D) mineral.
E) vitamin.