The Economy And Work Chapter.11 Complete Test Bank - The Real World Sociology 7e Test Bank by Kerry Ferris. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 11 The Economy and Work
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Beyond just money, the economy is about
a. | the people who are most important to an individual’s sense of self. |
b. | the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. |
c. | encouraging cooperation over competition. |
d. | rituals and beliefs that divide the world into the sacred and the profane. |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.1 World Economic Systems
MSC: Remembering
2. One of the primary principles of capitalism is
a. | privatization of the means of production. |
b. | collective distribution of goods and services. |
c. | a focus on meeting the basic needs of all citizens. |
d. | government regulation of industry. |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.1 World Economic Systems
MSC: Remembering
3. What do workers have available to sell in a capitalist system?
a. | raw materials |
b. | stocks and bonds |
c. | their own labor |
d. | different kinds of commodities |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.1 World Economic Systems
MSC: Remembering
4. In 2005, teaching assistants at the University of Oregon went on strike. Which aspect of their job made it easier for them to strike than most American workers?
a. | The public is much more sympathetic to academic workers. |
b. | They have better contracts. |
c. | They have more cultural capital, and therefore can better strategize about how to make a strike succeed. |
d. | Their jobs cannot be moved overseas. |
DIF: Difficult REF: 11.1 World Economic Systems
MSC: Applying
5. What is the economic system based on collective ownership of the means of production and collective distribution of goods and services called?
a. | capitalism |
b. | classical liberalism |
c. | communism |
d. | socialism |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.1 World Economic Systems
MSC: Remembering
6. According to the text, what is the MOST extreme form of socialism called?
a. | capitalism |
b. | communism |
c. | Fordism |
d. | conflict theory |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.1 World Economic Systems
MSC: Remembering
7. How are workers’ situations different in socialist versus capitalist economies?
a. | Workers in a socialist economy have less protection from the welfare state than those in a capitalist economy. |
b. | Workers in a socialist economy are more vulnerable to elimination of jobs by technological innovation than those in a capitalist economy. |
c. | Workers in a socialist economy do not enjoy the same consumption patterns as those in a capitalist economy. |
d. | Workers’ jobs in a socialist economy are more vulnerable to elimination resulting from the movement of transnational capital than those in a capitalist economy. |
DIF: Difficult REF: 11.1 World Economic Systems
MSC: Understanding
8. In the United Kingdom, the government owns the British Broadcasting Corporation, or BBC, which is the world’s largest television and radio broadcasting service. This tells you that the United Kingdom is
a. | an example of pure socialism. |
b. | deregulated. |
c. | partially socialist. |
d. | totally capitalist. |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.1 World Economic Systems
MSC: Applying
9. “From each according to his ability, to each according to his need.” This slogan could only be fully realized with
a. | pure capitalism. |
b. | a mixture of capitalism and socialism. |
c. | a mixture of capitalism and communism. |
d. | pure communism. |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.1 World Economic Systems
MSC: Understanding
10. Cuba’s communist government has recently introduced reforms that make it easier to attract tourists. Consequently, many skilled professionals have started working in the tourism industry to earn more money regardless of their degrees. Of what is this a sign?
a. | the impending collapse of the Cuban government |
b. | the poor health of Cuba’s former leader Fidel Castro |
c. | the important role the U.S. government plays in Cuba |
d. | the increasingly important role capitalism plays in Cuba |
DIF: Moderate REF: 11.1 World Economic Systems
MSC: Applying
11. Under modern capitalism, a firm experiencing a strike can keep labor costs low by doing which of the following?
a. | Move operations to a country where workers do not have the right to strike. |
b. | Terminate union contracts. |
c. | Break up a union. |
d. | Invoke a union’s wage hardship clause. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 11.1 World Economic Systems | InQuizitive
MSC: Understanding
12. Some for-profit higher education institutions receive a large proportion of tuition payments via government grants and loans. These institutions may often attempt to enroll as many students as possible, regardless of their actual preparation for college. Thus, many suggest that for-profit higher education institutions are benefiting from a version of
a. | socialism. |
b. | knowledge work. |
c. | outsourcing. |
d. | corporate welfare. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 11.1 World Economic Systems | InQuizitive
MSC: Applying
13. The ________ was a macro-level social change that resulted in new innovations in farming such as mechanized seed spreaders and new techniques of crop rotation.
a. | Instrumental Revolution |
b. | Information Revolution |
c. | Great Depression |
d. | Agricultural Revolution |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work
MSC: Remembering
14. The Industrial Revolution began in the
a. | 1600s. |
b. | 1700s. |
c. | 1800s. |
d. | 1900s. |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work
MSC: Remembering
15. The ________ helped to bring about the Industrial Revolution.
a. | jet airplane |
b. | automobile |
c. | Internet |
d. | steam engine |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work
MSC: Remembering
16. The change that caused people to migrate to cities from rural areas at high rates was the
a. | switch to a manufacturing economy. |
b. | development of crop rotation and better animal husbandry techniques. |
c. | switch from a manufacturing economy to an information economy. |
d. | emancipation of slaves in the United States. |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work
MSC: Remembering
17. The change that was associated with the Industrial Revolution was
a. | decreased life expectancy. |
b. | increased infant mortality. |
c. | a significant population boom. |
d. | less stable and reliable access to food supplies. |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work
MSC: Remembering
18. Many people felt dissatisfied working on assembly lines because
a. | assembly lines were not a very efficient way to produce things. |
b. | assembly lines made goods more expensive. |
c. | assembly lines forced people from different racial and ethnic groups to work together. |
d. | workers never had the satisfaction of seeing the finished product. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work
MSC: Remembering
19. “Fordism” is a system characterized by the increasingly efficient mass production of goods. Why is this system called “Fordism”?
a. | Many of the changes that led to this economic system happened during the administration of President Gerald Ford. |
b. | It is named after the famous filmmaker John Ford, whose movies depicted the transformation to an industrial economy. |
c. | It is an acronym for Fully Operational Research Design, which is the method by which the economy was modernized. |
d. | It is named after Henry Ford, who is credited with inventing the assembly line. |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work
MSC: Remembering
20. ________ is/are the technological development MOST associated with the Information Revolution.
a. | The jet airplane |
b. | The microchip |
c. | Spreadsheets and email |
d. | Container ships |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work
MSC: Remembering
21. The Information Revolution changed the nature of work and the economy because it has
a. | slowed down the process of globalization. |
b. | made it less likely that individuals will be able to work from home. |
c. | shifted the economy toward the production of knowledge and services. |
d. | made companies more likely to manufacture and sell goods within a single nation. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work
MSC: Understanding
22. Someone who works primarily with information and develops or uses knowledge in the workplace is called a(n) ________ worker.
a. | knowledge |
b. | service |
c. | industrial |
d. | social |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work
MSC: Remembering
23. Advertising, engineering, marketing, product design, and web design are all examples of ________ work.
a. | traditional |
b. | knowledge |
c. | industrial |
d. | computer-assisted |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work
MSC: Understanding
24. In 2008 and 2009, the Obama administration’s United States government initiated a large-scale economic bailout of the banking and auto industries. The government invested enormous amounts of money and, as a result, became the majority shareholder in some corporations. According to the text, this means that the United States
a. | is an example of pure capitalism. |
b. | is a mostly capitalist nation, but it also has a degree of socialism in government subsidies to businesses. |
c. | had a socialist economy under President Barack Obama. |
d. | has always been primarily socialist, so the bailout is nothing new. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work
MSC: Applying
25. How did the Industrial Revolution create “work” in the modern sense?
a. | It used machines to produce more goods, more efficiently. |
b. | Work only became possible when a variety of consumer goods were made available in the market. |
c. | It was the first time class struggle existed in society. |
d. | It made the worker more autonomous. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work
MSC: Remembering
26. Regarding class conflict, Karl Marx argues that
a. | there have been class conflicts throughout all of human history. |
b. | class conflict is a product of the Industrial Revolution. |
c. | class conflict was first experienced during the Middle Ages, and modern society inherited it. |
d. | class conflict is uniquely a feature of the Information Revolution. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work
MSC: Remembering
27. According to Karl Marx, surplus value comes from
a. | selling goods to overseas markets where demand is higher. |
b. | finding ever-cheaper ways of processing raw materials. |
c. | paying workers less than the value of what they create. |
d. | the added value owners bring to a manufactured product. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work
MSC: Remembering
28. Karl Marx believed that workers in a capitalist economy experience alienation because
a. | shallow consumerism does not give them something to believe in and work for. |
b. | they are surrounded by images and representations that do not relate to reality. |
c. | they are often poor and deprived of their basic needs. |
d. | they are paid for their labor but do not own the things they produce. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work
MSC: Remembering
29. Workers in large department stores usually are paid on commission, which means they are in direct competition with their fellow employees. According to Karl Marx, these workers may experience
a. | the Industrial Revolution. |
b. | premodernism. |
c. | alienation. |
d. | knowledge workers. |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work
MSC: Applying
30. According to Barbara Ehrenreich, which of these behaviors can help those with minimum-wage service jobs to get ahead and move up in the world?
a. | save at least 10 percent of their paychecks every month |
b. | avoid having children |
c. | go back to school |
d. | none of these answers, as there is no way for minimum-wage workers to move up in the world |
DIF: Moderate REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work
MSC: Remembering
31. What do you think Barbara Ehrenreich would say about efforts to reform welfare, which attempted to move people off welfare rolls and into minimum-wage jobs?
a. | She would disapprove because she thinks that low-wage work is demeaning and insufficient for survival. |
b. | She would approve because she thinks that welfare is demeaning. |
c. | She would disapprove because she thinks that new immigrants better fill minimum-wage jobs. |
d. | She would approve because she believes that welfare breeds dependency and low self-esteem. |
DIF: Difficult REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work
MSC: Applying
32. How has the Information Revolution changed the nature of work?
a. | Employees are less easily distracted by outside influences since they can remain working on the Internet. |
b. | The importance of the physical space in which work is done has been greatly diminished. |
c. | Employee compensation has greatly increased. |
d. | Productivity has declined. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work
MSC: Understanding
33. A benefit of telecommuting is that
a. | it draws more people to large urban areas. |
b. | it encourages workers to keep a rigid work schedule. |
c. | businesses get increased productivity and fewer sick days. |
d. | it makes it easier for workers to brainstorm and share ideas. |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work
MSC: Remembering
34. Telecommuting increases worker productivity because
a. | it allows employees to spend less time with their families. |
b. | there is no office gossip to distract telecommuters. |
c. | people who work from home tend to work longer hours. |
d. | telecommuters must usually provide a concrete measure of their accomplishments, not just show up. |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work
MSC: Remembering
35. How could the Information Revolution affect urbanization?
a. | Cities might grow because technology makes them even more attractive places to live. |
b. | It could not affect urbanization at all. |
c. | Cities might shrink because people will spend even more time in direct contact with one another. |
d. | Cities might shrink because people can live anywhere and still work at the same job. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work
MSC: Applying
36. Many customer service representatives with whom we talk over the phone are based in India. Which of the following terms applies to this phenomenon?
a. | unionization |
b. | collective resistance |
c. | supersectors |
d. | the death of distance |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work
MSC: Applying
37. What changes in the economy would be associated with travel agents hiring inmates in minimum-security prisons to take calls and schedule vacations for customers?
a. | the increasingly socialist features of the American economy |
b. | the Industrial Revolution |
c. | the growth of information technology |
d. | the rise of capitalism |
DIF: Moderate REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work
MSC: Applying
38. ________ might be alleviated if more Americans were encouraged to telecommute.
a. | Pollution |
b. | Anomie |
c. | The breakdown of social networks |
d. | Crime |
DIF: Moderate REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work
MSC: Understanding
39. ________ might be made worse if more people were encouraged to telecommute.
a. | Poverty |
b. | Intellectual property theft |
c. | Cancer and other new health problems |
d. | Alienation and loneliness |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work
MSC: Understanding
40. Donald Roy’s classic study of the workplace called “Banana Time” showed that
a. | knowledge workers need more coffee breaks than service workers do. |
b. | communities of coping emerge with co-workers during coffee breaks. |
c. | telecommuting will destroy the sense of community among co-workers. |
d. | play emerges in even the most harsh and strenuous work environments. |
DIF: Difficult REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work | InQuizitive
MSC: Remembering
41. Large social and economic changes followed from the domestication of plants and animals and the gradually increasing efficiency of food production. What do scholars call this type of revolution?
a. | industrial |
b. | domestic |
c. | agricultural |
d. | farming |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work | InQuizitive
MSC: Remembering
42. In which year did the Industrial Revolution begin in England with the invention of the steam engine?
a. | 1717 |
b. | 1752 |
c. | 1769 |
d. | 1803 |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work | InQuizitive
MSC: Remembering
43. In which decade did the Information Revolution begin?
a. | 1950s |
b. | 1970s |
c. | 1980s |
d. | 1990s |
DIF: Moderate REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work | InQuizitive
MSC: Remembering
44. Barbara Ehrenreich explored some of the issues of power and service work in her book Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America (2001). As research for the book, Ehrenreich took minimum-wage service jobs as a waitress, a hotel maid, and a Walmart employee. What was her main finding?
a. | She found that jobs that gave opportunities to be paid “under the table” were better for individual economic stability. |
b. | She found that service workers often worked three jobs to make ends meet. |
c. | She found that service workers in these types of jobs are likely to be exploited in a number of ways. |
d. | She found that service workers’ families suffered the most due to their absence. |
DIF: Difficult REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work | InQuizitive
MSC: Understanding
45. What are the tactics used by workers to reclaim control of the conditions of their labor called?
a. | knowledge work |
b. | resistance strategies |
c. | service work |
d. | collective bargaining |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.3 Resistance Strategies: How Workers Cope
MSC: Remembering
46. Strikes are different from acts of resistance like daydreaming on the job because they are
a. | solitary. |
b. | unethical. |
c. | collective. |
d. | illegal. |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.3 Resistance Strategies: How Workers Cope
MSC: Understanding
47. What is it an example of when office workers hang pictures in their cubicles or waste time daydreaming while on the clock?
a. | individual resistance |
b. | slacking |
c. | sticking it to the man |
d. | collective resistance |
DIF: Moderate REF: 11.3 Resistance Strategies: How Workers Cope
MSC: Understanding
48. How are strictly controlled workers within bureaucracies different from robots?
a. | Human workers need forms of upkeep. |
b. | Human workers can resist and undermine the bureaucratic restraints that limit their autonomy. |
c. | Human workers are more reliable. |
d. | Human workers are cheaper. |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.3 Resistance Strategies: How Workers Cope
MSC: Understanding
49. What are the consequences of scripting workers’ interactions with customers, according to Robin Leidner’s Fast Food, Fast Talk?
a. | It makes interactions more fluid. |
b. | It makes communication easier and leads to happier workers. |
c. | It makes customers feel important. |
d. | It is damaging to workers and suppresses their real selves. |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.3 Resistance Strategies: How Workers Cope
MSC: Remembering
50. What has an office worker engaged in, although it may not seem like much, when they bring in a plant to brighten up their cubicle?
a. | an act of collective resistance |
b. | a sign of nonalienation in labor |
c. | a postmodern gesture |
d. | an act of individual resistance |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.3 Resistance Strategies: How Workers Cope
MSC: Applying
51. An association of workers who organize to improve their economic status and working conditions is called
a. | a union. |
b. | the Third Sector. |
c. | a nonprofit. |
d. | a sweatshop. |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.3 Resistance Strategies: How Workers Cope
MSC: Remembering
52. What economic change has made it more difficult for workers to strike effectively?
a. | the increasing availability of communications technology |
b. | a strong, organized working class in the United States |
c. | the ease with which manufacturing firms can move operations to another country |
d. | the increasing role played by nonprofits and Third Sector organizations |
DIF: Moderate REF: 11.3 Resistance Strategies: How Workers Cope
MSC: Understanding
53. Who led campaigns to end child labor and increase workplace safety?
a. | women’s groups |
b. | chambers of commerce |
c. | unions |
d. | the federal government |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.3 Resistance Strategies: How Workers Cope
MSC: Remembering
54. How has union membership changed in recent years?
a. | Membership has steeply declined. |
b. | It has not changed. |
c. | Membership has greatly increased. |
d. | Membership has slightly increased. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 11.3 Resistance Strategies: How Workers Cope
MSC: Understanding
55. What effect did the Taft–Hartley Act of 1947 have on unions?
a. | It gave unions greater power. |
b. | It prohibited government workers from unionizing. |
c. | It instituted limits on secondary strikes and boycotts. |
d. | It made unions illegal. |
DIF: Difficult REF: 11.3 Resistance Strategies: How Workers Cope
MSC: Remembering
56. Which area of the economy has seen increases in union membership since the early 1970s?
a. | the information economy |
b. | the manufacturing sector |
c. | the public sector |
d. | the private sector |
DIF: Moderate REF: 11.3 Resistance Strategies: How Workers Cope
MSC: Remembering
57. Which of the following examples highlights the autonomy experienced by knowledge workers such as those who work at Google?
a. | They often have the freedom to take breaks when they choose. |
b. | Everyone is their “own boss.” |
c. | Google employees don’t work under a contract system and are free to come and go as they like. |
d. | They can start and stop on projects whenever they like. |
DIF: Moderate
REF: 11.3 Resistance Strategies: How Workers Cope | InQuizitive
MSC: Applying
58. The textbook suggests that not all corporations are evil and states that corporations are adopting new forms of self-regulation as well as taking proactive measures to integrate social and ethical concerns into their business models. This is part of a movement called “CSR.” What does “CSR” stand for?
a. | corporate self-regulation |
b. | conscience, solutions, reform |
c. | customer service representative |
d. | corporate social responsibility |
DIF: Easy
REF: 11.4 The Conscience of Corporate America | InQuizitive MSC: Remembering
59. The cultural and economic changes that result from dramatic increases in international trade and exchange are called
a. | commodity stops. |
b. | runaway shops. |
c. | globalization. |
d. | shallow integration. |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.5 The Economics of Globalization
MSC: Remembering
60. What disadvantages result from increased international trade, according to critics of globalization?
a. | Multinational corporations will increasingly shape the policies of governments. |
b. | More consumer goods will be produced. |
c. | Prices of goods and services will decline. |
d. | People will gain exposure to different cultures. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 11.5 The Economics of Globalization
MSC: Understanding
61. The fact that almost all of the small electronics used in the United States are made in Asia is an illustration of
a. | the Industrial Revolution. |
b. | globalization. |
c. | the rise of cybernetics. |
d. | collective resistance. |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.5 The Economics of Globalization
MSC: Applying
62. Corporations with decision-making, production, and distribution operations spread all over the world are characteristic of
a. | industrialization. |
b. | runaway shops. |
c. | deep integration. |
d. | shallow integration. |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.5 The Economics of Globalization
MSC: Remembering
63. What is it an example of when liquor stores in the United States import wine made entirely from French grapes and bottled in France or beer brewed from grain and hops grown in Holland?
a. | shallow integration |
b. | deep integration |
c. | postindustrial work |
d. | transnational corporations |
DIF: Moderate REF: 11.5 The Economics of Globalization
MSC: Applying
64. Firms that purposely transcend national borders so that their products can be manufactured at sites all over the world are called
a. | transnational corporations. |
b. | sweatshops. |
c. | runaway shops. |
d. | globalization. |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.5 The Economics of Globalization
MSC: Remembering
65. What is it called when nations compete to attract transnational corporations by undercutting their citizens’ wages or offering tax incentives?
a. | collective resistance strategies |
b. | the collective distribution of goods and services |
c. | the race to the bottom |
d. | postindustrial union bargaining |
DIF: Moderate REF: 11.5 The Economics of Globalization
MSC: Remembering
66. What is a sweatshop?
a. | a workplace with a workforce composed primarily of white people whose jobs make them sweat |
b. | a workplace that manufactures sporting goods |
c. | a workplace that purposely transcends national borders |
d. | a workplace with poor working conditions, below-standard wages, and long hours |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.5 The Economics of Globalization
MSC: Remembering
67. According to the U.S. General Accounting Office, an employer that violates more than one federal or state labor law concerning wages, overtime, child labor, safety and health, or industrial regulation is classified as a(n)
a. | postmodern corporation. |
b. | runaway shop. |
c. | independent contractor. |
d. | sweatshop. |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.5 The Economics of Globalization
MSC: Remembering
68. How are “gold farms,” such as those set up to play World of Warcraft, different from traditional sweatshops?
a. | They usually meet minimum working standards for health and safety. |
b. | They purchase and consume virtual goods instead of material goods. |
c. | They may not pay much better wages, but the work is much more entertaining. |
d. | They exploit workers to produce virtual goods instead of material goods. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 11.5 The Economics of Globalization
MSC: Remembering
69. What are networks of corporations, product designers and engineers, manufacturing firms, distribution channels, and consumer outlets that create products called?
a. | assembly lines |
b. | worker co-ops |
c. | commodity chains |
d. | runaway shops |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.5 The Economics of Globalization
MSC: Remembering
70. Think about the process by which most athletic shoes are made. Which part of the global commodity chain for these shoes would you be MOST surprised to find in Indonesia?
a. | the advertising firm that scripted the commercial |
b. | the forest where rubber trees are grown to make the elastic parts of the shoes |
c. | the factory where the shoes are assembled and sewed |
d. | the farms where the cotton is grown |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.5 The Economics of Globalization
MSC: Applying
71. Why would a company outsource or contract out labor it might otherwise employ its own staff to perform?
a. | Its customers demand it. |
b. | It is cheaper. |
c. | The staff available is not fully qualified. |
d. | It cares about quality. |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.5 The Economics of Globalization
MSC: Understanding
72. Which of the following groups is engaged in contingent work?
a. | independent contractors |
b. | teachers |
c. | service workers |
d. | knowledge workers |
DIF: Moderate REF: 11.6 Different Ways of Working
MSC: Remembering
73. What term is used for the group of nonprofit organizations that are designed to run as cost-effectively as possible and to direct any earnings back into the causes they support?
a. | technology firms |
b. | the Third Sector |
c. | multinational corporations |
d. | transnational corporations |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.6 Different Ways of Working
MSC: Remembering
74. Thanksgiving is one of the busiest days of the year for many soup kitchens and other groups that provide food to the homeless and the poor. It is also one of the biggest days of the year for volunteers, as many people donate their time and efforts, which makes them, even if just for the day, part of the
a. | Third Sector. |
b. | global commodity chain. |
c. | postmodern economy. |
d. | contingent workforce. |
DIF: Easy REF: 11.6 Different Ways of Working
MSC: Applying
75. Martha makes a living working four different jobs. In the morning she walks dogs for four neighbors on her block, then she picks up and delivers groceries for Instacart. In the afternoons and evenings, she likes to either drive passengers around using Lyft or provide childcare using KangaDo. What term best describes the modern type of economy that creates Martha’s employment options?
a. | service |
b. | knowledge |
c. | gig |
d. | outsourcing |
DIF: Difficult REF: 11.6 Different Ways of Working
MSC: Applying
TRUE/FALSE
1. Capitalism and socialism are two examples of political systems throughout the world.
DIF: Easy REF: 11.1 World Economic Systems
MSC: Remembering
2. New plows and seed spreaders were only made possible because of the Industrial Revolution.
DIF: Easy REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work
MSC: Remembering
3. Resistance strategies relate to the variety of ways in which individuals and groups cope with their working conditions.
DIF: Easy REF: 11.3 Resistance Strategies: How Workers Cope
MSC: Remembering
4. “Rogue” agencies posting information on Twitter to make it available to the public is an example of individual resistance to bureaucratic organizations.
DIF: Easy REF: 11.3 Resistance Strategies: How Workers Cope
MSC: Remembering
5. In June 2017, President Donald Trump announced that the United States would withdraw from the Paris Agreement.
DIF: Easy REF: 11.4 The Conscience of Corporate America
MSC: Remembering
6. The Indian government has drafted, but not passed as of 2017, a law that would allow Americans to use Indian surrogates to adopt children at a considerable savings compared to what it would cost in the United States.
DIF: Easy REF: 11.5 The Economics of Globalization
MSC: Remembering
7. Sweatshops consist of workplaces where workers experience significant exploitation, but fortunately they don’t exist in the United States.
DIF: Moderate REF: 11.5 The Economics of Globalization
MSC: Remembering
8. The independent sector is also often referred to as the Third Sector.
DIF: Easy REF: 11.6 Different Ways of Working
MSC: Remembering
SHORT ANSWER
1. Describe three ways in which the rise of the industrial economy increased levels of stratification by class, race, and gender.
DIF: Moderate REF: 11.1 World Economic Systems MSC: Applying
2. List three of the “supersectors” that make up the American economy today. Are there any supersectors that do not involve knowledge or service work?
DIF: Difficult REF: 11.1 World Economic Systems MSC: Remembering
3. There is some degree of socialism even in the United States. Name three programs that would qualify as socialism in our capitalist society.
DIF: Easy REF: 11.1 World Economic Systems MSC: Remembering
4. The Industrial Revolution changed not only working conditions, but also many other elements of daily life. List three.
DIF: Moderate REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work MSC: Remembering
5. The Information Revolution has changed many things about the economy, but most other aspects of life have remained unchanged. Describe two things that remain the same.
DIF: Difficult REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work MSC: Understanding
6. Identify three things from which workers are alienated in an industrial or postindustrial economy, according to Karl Marx.
DIF: Moderate REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work MSC: Remembering
7. Barbara Ehrenreich found numerous ways service workers were being exploited in her book Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America. List and describe three of these.
DIF: Moderate REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work MSC: Remembering
8. Describe two advantages and two disadvantages of telecommuting.
DIF: Easy REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work MSC: Remembering
9. What are two types of individual acts of resistance and two types of collective resistance in which workers may engage to fundamentally change working conditions?
DIF: Difficult REF: 11.3 Resistance Strategies: How Workers Cope
MSC: Remembering
10. Provide three concrete examples of globalization that support the view that the modern world is one giant global economy.
DIF: Difficult REF: 11.5 The Economics of Globalization
MSC: Remembering
11. What are three examples of “contingent work”?
DIF: Moderate REF: 11.6 Different Ways of Working MSC: Remembering
ESSAY
1. Describe the three major revolutions that transformed the nature of work and working. Make sure you describe the major technological innovation that accompanied each revolution.
DIF: Difficult REF: 11.1 World Economic Systems MSC: Analyzing
2. Why did Karl Marx believe that workers in capitalist societies experienced alienation? From what, specifically, did he claim that workers were alienated?
DIF: Moderate REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work MSC: Analyzing
3. How has the Information Revolution diminished the importance of place?
DIF: Difficult REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work MSC: Analyzing
4. What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of telecommuting?
DIF: Moderate REF: 11.2 The Nature of Work MSC: Analyzing
5. How can workers attempt to take back some degree of control and autonomy when they work in bureaucracies that closely monitor and control their work environments?
DIF: Difficult REF: 11.3 Resistance Strategies: How Workers Cope
MSC: Analyzing
6. What tactics have been used to weaken unions in the United States?
DIF: Difficult REF: 11.3 Resistance Strategies: How Workers Cope
MSC: Analyzing
7. How was the shallow integration of the past different from the deep integration associated with globalization?
DIF: Moderate REF: 11.5 The Economics of Globalization
MSC: Evaluating
8. What is a transnational corporation? Why are transnational corporations especially influential in shaping the world of work and the economy today?
DIF: Moderate REF: 11.5 The Economics of Globalization
MSC: Analyzing
9. Are internships a way for students to earn a “leg up” on starting their careers? Are internships just another way organizations exploit “free menial labor” from willing participants?
DIF: Moderate REF: 11.6 Different Ways of Working MSC: Analyzing
10. Are things like contingent work and volunteerism (Third Sector labor) just other ways for corporations or organizations to exploit workers? Do they offer workers freedom from bureaucracy and choice in terms of volunteer opportunities? Define these concepts and support your answer with facts on globalization.
DIF: Difficult REF: 11.6 Different Ways of Working MSC: Evaluating