Test Bank Docx Ch10 Social Institutions Politics, Education, - The Real World Sociology 7e Test Bank by Kerry Ferris. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 10 Social Institutions: Politics, Education, and Religion
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What are systems and structures within society that shape the activities of groups and individuals called?
a. | social controls |
b. | social institutions |
c. | social norms |
d. | pluralistic situations |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Remembering
2. What do schools, churches, and governments all have in common?
a. | They are all secular institutions. |
b. | They are all less important today than in the past. |
c. | They are all social institutions. |
d. | They function only at the macro level. |
DIF: Easy REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Remembering
3. Politics, education, and religion are often discussed together in sociology because
a. | all three exist only at the macro level. |
b. | all three exist only at the micro level. |
c. | political, religious, and educational concerns often overlap in everyday life. |
d. | all three are important to sociologists but have less effect on everyday life. |
DIF: Difficult REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Understanding
4. What are the methods and tactics of managing and influencing government called?
a. | power |
b. | totalitarianism |
c. | fascism |
d. | politics |
DIF: Easy REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Remembering
5. Robert is walking down the street late at night when a man in a ski mask suddenly sticks a gun in his face and takes his wallet. Sociologists would say that Robert’s mugger had ________ but not ________.
a. | power; authority |
b. | authority; power |
c. | authoritarianism; power |
d. | totalitarianism; total power |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Applying
6. What is the term for the legitimate right to wield power?
a. | government |
b. | politics |
c. | authority |
d. | state |
DIF: Easy REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Remembering
7. The system of government that excludes participation and representation of ordinary citizens is called
a. | pluralist. |
b. | democratic. |
c. | socialist. |
d. | authoritarian. |
DIF: Easy REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Remembering
8. Manuel Noriega was never elected president of Panama, but he became its de facto ruler when he became head of the army. In doing so, he became powerful enough to demand the resignation of the elected president. What was Noriega’s government if this is the only information on which to base your answer?
a. | totalitarian |
b. | authoritarian |
c. | democratic |
d. | a monarchy |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Applying
9. Kim Jong-un, the current leader of North Korea, and his father Kim Jong-il, North Korea’s former leader, have both restricted the basic human rights of their citizens. What type of government does North Korea have?
a. | democracy |
b. | monarchy |
c. | republic |
d. | totalitarian |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Applying
10. ________ is the MOST extreme form of authoritarianism.
a. | Totalitarianism |
b. | Monarchy |
c. | Dictatorship |
d. | The power elite |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Remembering
11. Abdullah II of Jordan succeeded his father, Hussein bin Talal, as ruler of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in 1999. This makes his government a
a. | monarchy. |
b. | totalitarian state. |
c. | pluralist polity. |
d. | democratic republic. |
DIF: Easy REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Applying
12. In 1970, Salvador Allende became the president of Chile through open elections. What did the United States help end in Chile when it supported a military coup, the assassination of Allende, and the subsequent dictatorship?
a. | theocracy |
b. | totalitarian regime |
c. | constitutional monarchy |
d. | democracy |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Applying
13. ________ occurs when a government bars an individual temporarily or permanently from voting.
a. | Suffrage |
b. | Disenfranchisement |
c. | Pluralism |
d. | Voting conviction |
DIF: Easy REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Remembering
14. Since 1917, all Puerto Ricans have been considered U.S. citizens, but they are not represented in Congress and cannot cast ballots in presidential elections. In this sense, they are
a. | ruled by a 527 committee. |
b. | part of a totalitarian government. |
c. | disenfranchised. |
d. | a pluralistic society. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Applying
15. Which of the following techniques is used to disenfranchise part of the American population today?
a. | requiring polling places to be put in as many locations as possible |
b. | requiring that poll taxes be paid in order to vote |
c. | denying people who have been convicted of felonies the right to vote for the rest of their lives |
d. | requiring a literacy test to get a ballot |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Remembering
16. Robert Dahl developed ________ to argue that corporations, political parties, professional organizations, and ethnic and religious groups provide checks and balances for each other so that no one group has too much power.
a. | special interest groups |
b. | democracy |
c. | the pluralist model |
d. | the power elite |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Applying
17. According to C. Wright Mills, a small and unified group of people occupy the highest positions of the major economic, political, and military institutions and exercise tremendous influence in American social life. What does he call this group?
a. | the power elite |
b. | a variety of organizations and institutions that represent different interest groups |
c. | political action committees that raise money and advocate on behalf of their donors |
d. | the media |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Remembering
18. The majority of appointed U.S. Treasury secretaries have been either former partners or managers of Goldman Sachs, which is a global investment management firm. Sociologists would argue that this overlap between private business and the federal government is an example of
a. | pluralism. |
b. | authoritarianism. |
c. | totalitarianism. |
d. | the power elite. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Applying
19. The power elite consists of ________ of the American population, according to a recent study.
a. | 5 percent |
b. | considerably less than 1 percent |
c. | 12.5 percent |
d. | 42 percent |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Remembering
20. What are organizations formed with the purpose of raising and spending money in order to influence elected officials called?
a. | power elites |
b. | media groups |
c. | special interest groups |
d. | unions |
DIF: Easy REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Remembering
21. ________ is/are an example of a special interest group.
a. | Penn State University |
b. | Police unions |
c. | A parent group at a school |
d. | A student organization on campus |
DIF: Easy REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Understanding
22. ________ are organizations designed to raise money to support the interests of a select group or organization.
a. | Political action committees |
b. | Media groups |
c. | Simulacrums |
d. | Power elites |
DIF: Easy REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Remembering
23. Political action committees are much more important to political campaigns now than they were in the past because
a. | unlike giving to candidates or political parties, there are no limits on how much money an individual can give political action committees. |
b. | their members have positions of power within the media. |
c. | they have far and away the largest number of grassroots supporters. |
d. | many of their members hold high political office. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Understanding
24. In the past, most voters formed political opinions by listening to speeches, meeting with representatives of political parties, or attending town hall meetings. How do voters today tend to learn about political issues?
a. | through websites maintained by political candidates |
b. | through human interest stories in the media |
c. | through newspaper and magazine articles that focus on the policy implications of political decisions |
d. | through intimate, firsthand knowledge of issues |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Remembering
25. ________ are high-profile individuals who interpret political information and influence the voting habits of the public.
a. | Lobbyists |
b. | Opinion leaders |
c. | Political action leaders |
d. | Talking heads |
DIF: Easy REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Remembering
26. Singer and celebrity Beyoncé Knowles endorsed Barack Obama during the 2012 presidential election. What could Beyoncé be considered, to the extent that people pay attention to her and care about what she says?
a. | an opinion leader |
b. | a member of the power elite |
c. | a member of a special interest group |
d. | a political action leader |
DIF: Easy REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Applying
27. John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon debated during the 1960 presidential campaign. Voters who watched the debate on television were more likely to see Kennedy as the winner than those who listened to it on radio. Why?
a. | The Kennedy campaign put out better television advertisements. |
b. | Nixon refused to take advice on hair, makeup, and clothing that would have made him look better on camera. |
c. | The radio program was shorter than the television program and omitted some of Kennedy’s key arguments. |
d. | Kennedy smiled a lot. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Understanding
28. ________ are short sentences or phrases on a political subject, designed to be catchy and memorable but not necessarily to convey much information.
a. | Position papers |
b. | Policy gripes |
c. | Press releases |
d. | Sound bites |
DIF: Easy REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Remembering
29. What feature of modern politics closely resembles short, limited Twitter posts?
a. | press conferences |
b. | journalistic watchdogs |
c. | sound bites |
d. | news stories |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Analyzing
30. The large-scale social change making celebrity politicians more popular is the increasing
a. | importance of television. |
b. | focus on political platform and policies. |
c. | need to connect with young voters. |
d. | importance of Hollywood stars to fundraising. |
DIF: Easy REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Understanding
31. ________ is the term Jean Baudrillard uses to refer to an image or media representation that does not reflect reality in any meaningful way but is treated as real.
a. | Simulacrum |
b. | Hidden curriculum |
c. | Telegenic |
d. | Sacred |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Remembering
32. In Soviet Russia, it was a common practice to edit old photographs to reflect the current political mood and to treat the doctored photos as representations of reality rather than as modifications of it. For example, Stalin’s friends who turned into his enemies were cut out of pictures with him. These pictures were examples of
a. | spin doctors. |
b. | simulacrum. |
c. | opinion leaders. |
d. | a free press. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Applying
33. Donald Trump defeated Hillary Clinton in the 2016 presidential election, and some political strategists argued it was partly due to Trump being a reality television celebrity. These political strategists likely feel that politics today
a. | requires immense amounts of money to succeed. |
b. | has very little connection to the lives of everyday people. |
c. | rewards style over substance. |
d. | is mostly scripted by spin doctors. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Applying
34. An example of social media is
a. | political parties summarizing their campaign platforms on television. |
b. | a public radio program that tells you where to go if you want to volunteer to work on a political campaign. |
c. | a magazine that provides information on candidates’ policy positions but also describes their family lives, hobbies, and favorite books. |
d. | politicians using Twitter to communicate with their constituents directly. |
DIF: Easy REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Analyzing
35. ________ is the central means by which modern society transmits knowledge, values, and expectations to its members.
a. | Religion |
b. | Politics |
c. | Education |
d. | The hidden curriculum |
DIF: Easy REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Remembering
36. Which of the following terms is used for a person who is stripped of voting rights, either temporarily or permanently?
a. | disenfranchised |
b. | suffrage |
c. | authoritarianism |
d. | monarchy |
DIF: Easy REF: 10.1 What Is Politics? | InQuizitive
MSC: Understanding
37. Which of the following does the textbook suggest is associated with helping incumbents win reelection at staggeringly high rates?
a. | recognition |
b. | money |
c. | track record |
d. | political parties |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.1 What Is Politics? | InQuizitive
MSC: Understanding
38. Identify the true statement about social media and politics.
a. | In the 2016 presidential election, all three major-party candidates (Hillary Clinton, Bernie Sanders, and Donald Trump) used Facebook and Twitter extensively in their campaigns, but Bernie Sanders stood out in the ways that he utilized these social media platforms. |
b. | A filter bubble is created by search engine algorithms that deliver customized findings based on a user’s online history and social media circles. |
c. | Echo chambers refer to how fraudulent news stories can spread quickly online. |
d. | Fomenting distrust of reliable mainstream news outlets imperils their function as a check and balance on power that the framers of the Constitution had in mind. |
DIF: Difficult REF: 10.1 What Is Politics? | InQuizitive
MSC: Understanding
39. The curriculum at schools like Trinity College at Cambridge (The College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity) leaned heavily on theology during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in England. Today, the vast majority of university students will never take any theology classes. Why did this change?
a. | Universities in those days were controlled by the state. |
b. | The Internet has altered social relations to such an extent that education in certain subjects no longer seems important. |
c. | There are more colleges now, so students who are told they must take theology classes can simply transfer to a different school. |
d. | The knowledge, values, and expectations required to succeed in contemporary society are different from those required then. |
DIF: Easy REF: 10.2 What Is Education?
MSC: Applying
40. What subjects were taught in European universities during the Middle Ages?
a. | math and science |
b. | only theology |
c. | natural philosophy and the works of ancient Greek philosophers |
d. | law, theology, and medicine |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.2 What Is Education?
MSC: Remembering
41. What is the process called when students are tested and the results are used to place them in a certain category of classes (remedial, advanced, college prep, etc.)?
a. | the hidden curriculum |
b. | socialization |
c. | tracking |
d. | charter schooling |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.2 What Is Education?
MSC: Remembering
42. What does a sociological perspective tell us about education in the United States?
a. | Anyone who works hard can get good grades. |
b. | Education is the pathway to material success and, as such, rewards the best and brightest individuals. |
c. | Tracking helps students from disadvantaged backgrounds achieve material success. |
d. | Educational success often has as much to do with social stratification as it does with individual ability. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.2 What Is Education?
MSC: Understanding
43. In Schooling in Capitalist America, Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis argued that schools train a labor force in the skills and attitudes necessary for the health of a modern economy. What are these skills and attitudes?
a. | critical thinking |
b. | independence and initiative |
c. | the mathematical skills needed to work with computer software and the drive needed to create new things |
d. | taking orders and performing repetitive tasks |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.2 What Is Education?
MSC: Remembering
44. Which of the following is an example of how the hidden curriculum can reinforce inequality?
a. | Curriculum may recognize and celebrate diversity, but most professors and administrators are white and heterosexual. |
b. | History books are rewritten to emphasize the role of women and minorities. |
c. | Schools attempt to change how they teach. |
d. | Schools attempt to address the gaps and exclusions that exist in their curriculum. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.2 What Is Education?
MSC: Understanding
45. What is the definition for the “hidden curriculum” concept?
a. | the ideal of a self-denying, highly moral life accompanied by self-sacrifice |
b. | higher grades given for the same work, or a general rise in student grades without a corresponding rise in learning |
c. | subjects that are rarely taught, which require students to seek them out on their own time |
d. | lessons that students learn indirectly through the method in which the curriculum is presented and the way the school is organized |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.2 What Is Education?
MSC: Remembering
46. Sociologists have noted that the informal teaching practices and power relationships by which schools operate produce a disconnect between democratic values and what actually goes on in schools. To what concept are such arguments referring?
a. | teacher expectations |
b. | the hidden curriculum |
c. | simulacra |
d. | educational inequality |
DIF: Difficult REF: 10.2 What Is Education?
MSC: Applying
47. What variable would account for the dramatic jump in test scores evidenced by the students in Rosenthal and Jacobson’s Pygmalion in the Classroom?
a. | difficult work |
b. | better books and other instructional materials |
c. | teacher attitudes |
d. | community support |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.2 What Is Education?
MSC: Remembering
48. Jacobson and Rosenthal’s Pygmalion in the Classroom showed that
a. | IQ scores are the best predictors of classroom success. |
b. | students whom teachers expect to do well tend to fare better in the classroom. |
c. | there is no relationship between teachers’ expectations about students and student performance. |
d. | all students enter the education system with equal chances for success. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.2 What Is Education?
MSC: Remembering
49. Former teacher Jonathan Kozol conducted an ethnography of public schools in major cities across the United States for his book Savage Inequalities. In his study, Kozol found that school reinforce inequality by
a. | busing students to schools far away from their homes, disrupting their schedules, and removing them from their natural peers. |
b. | using local property taxes to fund public schools, trapping poor children in poor schools. |
c. | “teaching to the test,” which removes many more creative subjects from the curriculum. |
d. | privileging athletes and giving them a much easier educational path. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.2 What Is Education?
MSC: Remembering
50. What was Jonathan Kozol’s impression of the poorly funded schools he visited in urban Chicago?
a. | Children are resilient and can overcome even the worst conditions. |
b. | They were extraordinarily unhappy places. |
c. | Even though they were poorly funded, a small group of dedicated teachers could still make a difference in children’s lives. |
d. | They could only succeed when federal education programs closely regulated them. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.2 What Is Education?
MSC: Remembering
51. Randall Collins argues that the true function of schools is that they
a. | train a workforce in computer and technology skills so students can work in a twenty-first-century information economy. |
b. | teach traditional American values like respect, hard work, and punctuality. |
c. | reproduce the class structure, making sure that most people grow up to have a socioeconomic status similar to that of their parents. |
d. | teach students to have a profound intellectual engagement that allows them to establish a meaningful relationship with the society in which they live. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.2 What Is Education?
MSC: Remembering
52. According to Randall Collins, why do members of lucrative professions like law and medicine support the current educational system?
a. | They understand how complicated their professions are and want to make sure that everyone who enters them is well trained. |
b. | They want to keep the number of potential job applicants down, thereby minimizing competition and ensuring that there are a large number of people for less lucrative, less pleasant professions. |
c. | They know that the world is changing quickly, and they want to make sure that new doctors and lawyers are fully versed in the intricacies of twenty-first-century life. |
d. | They tend to invest in private schools, so they make a profit from education. |
DIF: Difficult REF: 10.2 What Is Education?
MSC: Remembering
53. To reform and improve the American educational system, what does the sociologist Randall Collins recommend?
a. | The first two years of college should be combined with high school to make the transition easier. |
b. | The federal government should fund high schools so poor areas do not have poorly funded schools. |
c. | It should be illegal for employers to ask about educational credentials. |
d. | Standardized test scores should not be requested on college applications. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.2 What Is Education?
MSC: Remembering
54. According to Randall Collins, our educational system is much like a “tribal initiation rite,” a “secret society,” or a “closed occupational caste.” For Collins, it is not a rational system that produces more efficient production but a mechanism for
a. | creating gender inequality in the workforce. |
b. | reproducing the existing class structure. |
c. | punishing those who deviate from mainstream American values. |
d. | teaching the values and ideals we need to function in society today. |
DIF: Difficult REF: 10.2 What Is Education?
MSC: Understanding
55. Public schools that are run by private entities are called
a. | charter schools. |
b. | religious schools. |
c. | homeschools. |
d. | secular schools. |
DIF: Easy REF: 10.2 What Is Education?
MSC: Remembering
56. Schools that blend high school and college are called
a. | charter schools. |
b. | early college high schools. |
c. | junior colleges. |
d. | college achievement schools. |
DIF: Easy REF: 10.2 What Is Education?
MSC: Remembering
57. What is the goal of early college high schools according to the textbook?
a. | to make education cheaper because college teachers are paid less when teaching in these institutions |
b. | to move skilled workers into the economy faster |
c. | to make it easier for students from underserved backgrounds to enter college |
d. | to slow down the educational process and to keep more young people in school and out of the workforce, where too many people are underemployed |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.2 What Is Education?
MSC: Understanding
58. How does the academic achievement of homeschooled students compare to that of public school students?
a. | Homeschooled students perform better in reading, but worse in math and science. |
b. | Homeschooled students perform significantly better, on average, than public school students. |
c. | No one knows, because there is no way to test homeschooled students. |
d. | Homeschooled students do well only if their parents are certified as teachers; otherwise, they do fairly poorly. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.2 What Is Education?
MSC: Remembering
59. Which of the following is an advantage of school vouchers often cited by the vouchers’ supporters?
a. | Vouchers provide more funding for public schools. |
b. | Vouchers provide better pay for teachers, which improves the quality of education across the board. |
c. | Vouchers create more schools that specialize in math and science. |
d. | Vouchers give parents more choices in their children’s education. |
DIF: Easy REF: 10.2 What Is Education?
MSC: Remembering
60. Which of the following is an objection to school vouchers often cited by the vouchers’ critics?
a. | They believe vouchers will undermine the independence of private schools. |
b. | They believe vouchers will drain funds from vulnerable public schools and cause them to deteriorate further. |
c. | They believe vouchers will reduce the number of choices and amount of control parents have over their children’s education. |
d. | They fear that vouchers will cause students to be socially, rather than educationally, disadvantaged. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.2 What Is Education?
MSC: Understanding
61. An elementary school student notices that exhibiting good behavior and following the instructions of the teacher can go a long way to earning him decent grades in school. This example highlights what sociological term about the education system?
a. | tracking |
b. | unschooling |
c. | hidden curriculum |
d. | flipped classroom |
DIF: Easy REF: 10.2 What Is Education? | InQuizitive
MSC: Applying
62. What development transformed and expanded the role of distance learning in the American educational system?
a. | the passage of the No Child Left Behind Act in 2002 |
b. | a rise in immigration, leading to a large population of non-English-speaking students |
c. | the deterioration of the infrastructure in educational institutions |
d. | the rise of the Internet |
DIF: Easy REF: 10.2 What Is Education?
MSC: Remembering
63. How is a sociological definition of religion different from a commonsense, everyday definition?
a. | A sociological definition looks only at the macro elements of religion. |
b. | A sociological definition looks only at the way religion is created and re-created through everyday interaction. |
c. | A sociological definition must be broad enough to encompass all varieties of religious experiences. |
d. | A sociological definition cannot take into account personal relationships with God. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.3 What Is Religion?
MSC: Understanding
64. What do all religions have in common?
a. | God(s) or other supernatural beings |
b. | moral laws about the proper way to offer prayer and sacrifice to a god |
c. | a system of beliefs and rituals that establish a relationship between the sacred and the profane |
d. | certain days that are considered holy |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.3 What Is Religion?
MSC: Remembering
65. Religion fulfills what role in society from a structural functionalist perspective?
a. | It makes women subservient to men. |
b. | Its shows religious organizations how to become agents of change. |
c. | It is an instrument against oppression and exploitation. |
d. | It provides its supporters with a set of values, norms, and rules by which to live. |
DIF: Easy REF: 10.3 What Is Religion?
MSC: Understanding
66. According to Max Weber, Protestant values contributed to the rise of
a. | opinion leaders. |
b. | hidden curriculum. |
c. | religion. |
d. | capitalism. |
DIF: Easy REF: 10.3 What Is Religion?
MSC: Understanding
67. Religions that worship one divine figure are considered
a. | pluralistic. |
b. | secular. |
c. | monotheistic. |
d. | Judeo-Christian. |
DIF: Easy REF: 10.3 What Is Religion?
MSC: Remembering
68. The adhan is the Islamic call to prayer that is recited five times each day. This means that, in theory, five times each day every Muslim is doing the exact same thing at the exact same time. What function or dysfunction of religion does the adhan help bring about?
a. | It supports economic development. |
b. | It brings people together. |
c. | It reinforces sexism. |
d. | It creates a bias against homosexuals. |
DIF: Easy REF: 10.3 What Is Religion?
MSC: Applying
69. In the Sermon on the Mount of the Christian New Testament, believers are told, “Whatever you want men to do to you, do also to them.” Of which of the functions or dysfunctions of religion does this remind you?
a. | Religion helps us understand our lives as meaningful. |
b. | Religion provides morals, values, rules, and norms for participants. |
c. | Religion gives people a set of social connections. |
d. | Religion reinforces sexism and provides separate roles for men and women. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.3 What Is Religion?
MSC: Applying
70. “Wives, submit yourselves unto your own husbands, as unto the Lord. For the husband is the head of the wife, even as Christ is the head of the church.” Many people still look to passages from the Christian Bible, like this one, to justify gender roles. Conflict theorists might argue that this is a ________ of religion because it ________.
a. | dysfunction; is homophobic |
b. | function; promotes equality |
c. | function; teaches us a basic sociological tenet |
d. | dysfunction; promotes sexism |
DIF: Difficult REF: 10.3 What Is Religion?
MSC: Applying
71. What is religiosity?
a. | a measure of the diversity of religion within a society |
b. | a measure of the variety of religious experiences a person may have over the course of their lifetime |
c. | the extent of a person’s consistent and regular practice of their religious beliefs |
d. | the degree to which religion can provide solutions to everyday problems |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.3 What Is Religion?
MSC: Remembering
72. Attending religious services would be an example of
a. | intrinsic religiosity. |
b. | extrinsic religiosity. |
c. | unchurched spirituality. |
d. | spirituality. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.3 What Is Religion?
MSC: Understanding
73. Intrinsic religiosity can be defined as
a. | any approach to religion that meets the fundamental needs of a person. |
b. | the process by which worldly concerns come to dominate a person’s life. |
c. | a person’s inner religious life. |
d. | a cosmology that justifies a set of behaviors in terms of absolute good or evil. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.3 What Is Religion?
MSC: Remembering
74. Why might the number of Christians who identify as evangelical in the United States be rapidly increasing?
a. | Evangelical churches tend to be the wealthiest churches in America. |
b. | Evangelicals focus on an unchurched spirituality. |
c. | Evangelicals emphasize the importance of gaining new converts. |
d. | Evangelicals are the oldest religious group in America. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.3 What Is Religion?
MSC: Applying
75. Religious groups that emphasize a literal interpretation of sacred texts are called
a. | secular. |
b. | unchurched. |
c. | fundamentalist. |
d. | intrinsic. |
DIF: Easy REF: 10.3 What Is Religion?
MSC: Remembering
76. What is a term for someone who labels themselves “spiritual but not religious”?
a. | fundamentalist |
b. | evangelical |
c. | atheist |
d. | unchurched |
DIF: Easy REF: 10.3 What Is Religion?
MSC: Remembering
77. According to Mark Juergensmeyer’s book, Terror in the Mind of God, what accounts for the rise in religious violence across the world?
a. | the rise of Christian Evangelical fundamentalism |
b. | the rise of Muslim fundamentalism |
c. | the growing dissatisfaction with the growing separation of the church and state in various countries |
d. | the rise of extremist religious beliefs that can grant a sense of control to people who feel powerless |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.3 What Is Religion?
MSC: Understanding
78. A society that separates church and state is a(n) ________ society.
a. | secular |
b. | agnostic |
c. | fundamentalist |
d. | traditional |
DIF: Easy REF: 10.3 What Is Religion?
MSC: Remembering
79. The fact that school schedules are organized around Christmas is evidence
a. | that the United States is a secular society. |
b. | that the majority of Americans celebrate Christmas. |
c. | of nothing; it is just a coincidence. |
d. | that the United States is not a totally secular society. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.3 What Is Religion?
MSC: Understanding
80. The former Supreme Court justice Sandra Day O’Connor voted to allow a Christmas display on public property that included a nativity scene, but she voted to prohibit city governments from having displays that had only a nativity scene. This indicates that
a. | America is both a secular and religious society at the same time. |
b. | America is a strongly secular society. |
c. | America is a deeply religious society, and the separation of church and state is more or less a myth. |
d. | the Supreme Court has consistently been more religious than the American public. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.3 What Is Religion?
MSC: Applying
81. In 2008, the Obama family’s search for a church to attend in Washington, D.C. was big news. A sociological analysis of the national curiosity about the president’s church might argue that
a. | following the media occupies an increasingly large part of everyone’s time. |
b. | America is an increasingly secular nation. |
c. | the president has a high level of intrinsic religiosity. |
d. | being a Christian is an unofficial requirement for the presidency. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.3 What Is Religion?
MSC: Applying
82. Which of the following terms is used to represent the MOST conservative group within any religion?
a. | evangelical |
b. | extrinsic |
c. | unchurched |
d. | fundamentalist |
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.3 What Is Religion? | InQuizitive
MSC: Understanding
TRUE/FALSE
1. A democratic government does not equally represent all citizens.
DIF: Easy REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Remembering
2. Human rights groups have long protested state governments’ disenfranchisement of convicted felons.
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Remembering
3. In early 2017, more than twice as many Democrats as Republicans advocated for the media’s role as a political watchdog, presumably as a result of the 2016 presidential campaign season.
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Remembering
4. Authoritarianism is defined as a government ruled by a king or queen.
DIF: Easy REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Remembering
5. An individual has only been disenfranchised if they have been stripped of voting rights permanently.
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Remembering
6. The power elite consists of a group of individuals who are in leadership positions within the economy, politics, and the military.
DIF: Easy REF: 10.1 What Is Politics?
MSC: Remembering
7. Educational systems can help to reproduce systems of inequality.
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.2 What Is Education?
MSC: Remembering
8. Conflict theory argues that, although religion is sometimes an oppressive force, it can also sometimes act as a liberating force.
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.3 What Is Religion?
MSC: Remembering
9. Education is a way in which society transmits knowledge, but not values or expectations.
DIF: Easy REF: 10.2 What Is Education?
MSC: Remembering
10. Beliefs that are supernatural are considered sacred, whereas those that are everyday are considered profane.
DIF: Easy REF: 10.3 What Is Religion?
MSC: Remembering
SHORT ANSWER
1. How is a dictatorship a form of authoritarianism?
DIF: Easy REF: 10.1 What Is Politics? MSC: Remembering
2. What distinguishes absolute and constitutional monarchies?
DIF: Easy REF: 10.1 What Is Politics? MSC: Remembering
3. What is one implication of power elite theory for understanding American society?
DIF: Difficult REF: 10.1 What Is Politics? MSC: Understanding
4. How did the Citizens United court ruling affect campaign expenditures?
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.1 What Is Politics? MSC: Understanding
5. How is the television program The Daily Show an example of what Baudrillard called the simulacrum?
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.1 What Is Politics? MSC: Understanding
6. Which part of the American power structure did the Black Lives Matters protest address?
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.1 What Is Politics? MSC: Understanding
7. What is the main function of the “hidden curriculum” according to Bowles and Gintis’s (1977) study, Schooling in Capitalist America?
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.2 What Is Education? MSC: Understanding
8. Why are charter schools controversial among public school advocates?
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.2 What Is Education? MSC: Understanding
9. According to the conflict perspective, why is the role of religion in society complex?
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.3 What Is Religion? MSC: Understanding
10. How is determining religiosity a complex phenomenon in the United States?
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.3 What Is Religion? MSC: Understanding
ESSAY
1. Who rules America? Compare the two competing answers to this question offered in Chapter 10.
DIF: Difficult REF: 10.1 What Is Politics? MSC: Analyzing
2. Compare and contrast how power elite and pluralism theories would understand the role of 527 committees.
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.1 What Is Politics? MSC: Analyzing
3. How has the role of the media in American politics changed in the past fifty years?
DIF: Difficult REF: 10.1 What Is Politics? MSC: Evaluating
4. Define and explain French sociologist Jean Baudrillard’s “simulacrum” concept.
DIF: Difficult REF: 10.1 What Is Politics? MSC: Understanding
5. What is the “hidden curriculum”? What nonacademic functions does it fulfill?
DIF: Difficult REF: 10.2 What Is Education? MSC: Understanding
6. Consider the recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance as a part of the hidden curriculum. What lessons are being learned indirectly through the pledge?
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.2 What Is Education? MSC: Applying
7. According to Jonathan Kozol, how do public schools help reinforce inequality?
DIF: Difficult REF: 10.2 What Is Education? MSC: Understanding
8. Describe the experiment performed by Robert Rosenthal and Leonore Jacobson that led to the publication of Pygmalion in the Classroom.
DIF: Moderate REF: 10.2 What Is Education? MSC: Remembering
9. Why does Randall Collins, author of The Credential Society, want to “abolish compulsory school requirements and make it illegal for employers to require any particular level of formal education”?
DIF: Difficult REF: 10.2 What Is Education? MSC: Applying
10. How do sociologists define religion? How is this different from a commonsense definition of religion?
DIF: Difficult REF: 10.3 What Is Religion? MSC: Understanding
11. According to Mark Juergensmeyer, author of Terror in the Mind of God, why has religion come to play a prominent role in terrorist violence?
DIF: Difficult REF: 10.3 What Is Religion? MSC: Applying
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