Chapter.14 Complete Test Bank The Respiratory System

Student name:__________

TRUE/FALSE - Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
1) External respiration is defined as bringing outside air into the lungs.

⊚ true
⊚ false

2) Another name for internal respiration is cellular respiration.

⊚ true
⊚ false

3) The maxilla and sphenoid bones contain paranasal sinuses.

⊚ true
⊚ false

4) Bronchioles do not have cartilage in their walls.

⊚ true
⊚ false

5) Both the alveoli and lung capillaries have walls of simple squamous epithelium.

⊚ true
⊚ false

6) The respiratory membrane is made up of three layers of cells.

⊚ true
⊚ false

7) The air pressure inside the alveoli is referred to as the intrapleural pressure.

⊚ true
⊚ false

8) The extra air inhaled by taking a big, deep breath is the inspiratory capacity.

⊚ true
⊚ false

9) Total lung volume is approximately 5800 mLs.

⊚ true
⊚ false

10) Pneumonia can be caused by either a virus or a bacterium.

⊚ true
⊚ false

11) Over the last fifteen years, tonsillectomies have become more common.

⊚ true
⊚ false

12) The second step in the progression of lung cancer is the loss of cilia.

⊚ true
⊚ false

13) Metastasis is a group of atypical cells in situ.

⊚ true
⊚ false

14) Chewing tobacco and snuff are safe alternatives to cigarette smoking.

⊚ true
⊚ false

15) Passive smokers have a 30% greater chance of developing lung cancer than do nonsmokers who live in a smoke-free house.

⊚ true
⊚ false

16) Smoking is a major risk factor for autoimmune diseases.

⊚ true
⊚ false

17) Smoking increases the risk of heart attack but not the risk of stroke.

⊚ true
⊚ false

18) The lungs' inability to recoil as we age reduces the residual volume.

⊚ true
⊚ false

19) The respiratory membrane thickens with age, reducing the efficiency of gas exchange.

⊚ true
⊚ false

20) As one grows older, a decline in inspiratory reserve volume limits the ability to blow up balloons or to hold a prolonged note.

⊚ true
⊚ false

21) As one ages, respiratory infections are increased because of reduced cilia activity of the respiratory tract.

⊚ true
⊚ false

22) Regulation of pH is accomplished by changing blood oxygen levels.

⊚ true
⊚ false

23) Any respiratory problem that hinders removal of carbon dioxide from the body can lead to alkalosis.

⊚ true
⊚ false

24) An ACE-inhibitor would cause more angiotensin II to form in the lungs.

⊚ true
⊚ false

25) Epinephrine and norepinephrine cause bronchi to dilate

⊚ true
⊚ false

CHECK ALL THE APPLY. Choose all options that best completes the statement or answers the question.
26) Which processes are considered major respiratory functions that the respiratory and cardiovascular systems accomplish? Choose all that apply.

A) Gas exchange between blood and interstitial fluid
B) Pulmonary ventilation
C) Gas exchange between the air in the lungs and the blood
D) Transport of gases between the lungs and the tissues

27) Which are paranasal sinuses? Choose all that apply.

A) Superior
B) Pharyngeal
C) Frontal
D) Ethmoid
E) Inferior

28) Which features help clean inhaled air? Choose all that apply.

A) Mucus
B) Cilia
C) Surfactant
D) Epiglottis

29) Which are true of the diaphragm? Choose all that apply.

A) It is made of smooth muscle.
B) It is made of skeletal muscle.
C) Contraction of it increases the size of the lungs.
D) Relaxation of it increases the size of the lungs.

30) Which muscles contract during inspiration? Choose all that apply.

A) External intercostals
B) Internal intercostals
C) Trachealis
D) Diaphragm

31) In what ways is oxygen transported in the blood? Choose all that apply.

A) Dissolved in plasma
B) Bound to the heme part of hemoglobin
C) Bound to the globin part of hemoglobin
D) As bicarbonate ion

32) How is carbon dioxide transported in the blood? Choose all that apply.

A) Bound to the heme part of hemoglobin
B) Bound to the globin part of hemoglobin
C) Dissolved in plasma
D) As bicarbonate ions in plasma

MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
33) What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

A) Ventilation
B) Gas exchange
C) Transport of gases
D) Generation of energy

34) What is external respiration?

A) Ventilation (breathing)
B) Gas exchange between blood and tissue fluid
C) Gas exchange between air and blood
D) Production of ATP

35) What is internal respiration?

A) Ventilation (breathing)
B) Gas exchange between blood and tissue fluid
C) Gas exchange between air and blood
D) Production of ATP

36) Expiration and inspiration are parts of which essential respiratory function?

A) Pulmonary ventilation
B) Internal respiration
C) External respiration
D) Gas transport
E) Cellular respiration

37) Which of the following is the correct sequence when tracing the path of air from the nose to the lungs?

A) Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
B) Nasal cavity, larynx, pharynx, bronchi, bronchioles, trachea
C) Nasal cavity, bronchi, bronchioles, trachea, pharynx, larynx
D) Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchioles, bronchi

38) What is the purpose of the mucociliary escalator mechanism?

A) To elevatethe oxygen content of the inspired air through chemical means
B) To propel contaminants towards the pharynx for removal from the respiratory tract
C) To transport gases through the mucous membrane
D) To move inhaled air through the rest of the respiratory tract
E) To dilate passageways at the superior end of the respiratory tract.

39) Which of the following is NOT a function of the nasal conchae?

A) Provide an area for the olfactory receptors
B) Increase surface area for moistening inhaled air
C) Create turbulence to help clean the air
D) Increase surface area to trap moisture from exhaled air

40) What is the purpose of the paranasal sinuses that connect with the nasal cavity?

A) Gas exchange
B) Reduce the weight of the skull
C) Resonance chambers for speech
D) Both reduce the weight of the skull and resonance chambers for speech.

41) Which portion of the respiratory tract is also a passageway for food?

A) Larynx
B) Trachea
C) Bronchi
D) Pharynx

42) Which of the following is NOT a division of the pharynx?

A) Oropharynx
B) Laryngopharynx
C) Sinopharynx
D) Nasopharynx

43) When inspired through the nose, what is the first lymphatic tissue air encounters?

A) Palatine tonsils
B) Uvula
C) Pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids)
D) Epiglottis
E) Vestibular fold

44) The common name for the larynx is the

A) throat.
B) voice box.
C) windpipe.
D) adenoid.

45) The epiglottis

A) contains vocal cords.
B) contains cilia.
C) prevents food from entering the air passage.
D) pushes air into the lungs.
E) is a vestigial organ.

46) Speech sounds are normally produced from

A) the epiglottis vibrating.
B) vibrations of tracheal cartilages.
C) air moving up through the vocal cords.
D) oscillations of the uvula.
E) air moving through vocal cords and the epiglottis vibrating.

47) The glottis is

A) a flap of cartilage folding over the opening of the larynx.
B) the passageway for air through the posterior nasal cavity.
C) the passageway for air through the vocal cords.
D) All apply.

48) Why is the trachea supported by C-shaped cartilage rings instead of O-shaped (complete rings)?

A) To hold it open all the time
B) To allow the esophagus to expand when swallowing
C) To produce sound as air passes through
D) To control the pitch of the voice

49) What type of tissue forms the mucosa of the trachea?

A) Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
B) Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
C) Stratified squamous epithelium
D) Simple columnar epithelium

50) Goblet cells are one-cell glands that secrete

A) mucus.
B) epinephrine.
C) several respiratory hormones.
D) surfactant.
E) antibodies.

51) For each lobe of a lung there is one

A) primary bronchus.
B) secondary bronchus.
C) tertiary bronchus.
D) bronchiole.

52) What structures come off the trachea and enter the lungs?

A) Secondary bronchi
B) Alveoli
C) Primary bronchi
D) Pulmonary arterioles
E) Lobar bronchioles

53) Which serous membrane connects directly to the thoracic wall?

A) Visceral pleura
B) Visceral peritoneum
C) Epicardium
D) Parietal pleura

54) The visceral pleura

A) is a mucous membrane.
B) is attached to the lung's surface.
C) lines the thoracic cavity.
D) All apply.

55) How does theserous fluid of the pleurae function?

A) It prevents the pleurae from sliding across each other.
B) It raises the oxygen content in the pleural space making respiration more efficient.
C) It reduces friction between pleurae but causes them to cling together.
D) It acts as a reservoir for material cleaned from the lung.

56) The __________ are air sacs where gas exchange occurs.

A) larynx
B) alveoli
C) bronchi
D) trachea

57) An alveolar sac is made of

A) simple squamous epithelium.
B) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
C) smooth muscle and hyaline cartilage.
D) stratified squamous epithelium.

58) Atelectasis is another name for

A) inflammation of serous membranes surrounding the lungs.
B) collapse of a lung.
C) air sacs within the lungs.
D) the cough reflex.
E) vocal cord disfunction.

59) What is the purpose of surfactant that lines each alveolus?

A) Gives the lungs their elasticity
B) Keeps the alveoli from collapsing
C) Increases the surface tension of water

60) Premature infants are at risk of infant respiratory distress syndrome because of lack of

A) respiratory muscle strength (e.g., of the diaphragm).
B) surfactant, a lipoprotein secreted in alveoli.
C) functional respiratory membrane cilia.
D) fluid clearance from airways.
E) serous fluid between the pleurae.

61) What characteristic(s) of the respiratory membrane facilitate(s) gas exchange?

A) Large amount of tissue fluid to dissolve the gases
B) Simple squamous epithelium of the alveolus and capillaries
C) Small surface area
D) Large groups of white blood cells in contact with the membrane

62) The pressure that forms between the two layers of the pleura is called

A) intrapulmonary pressure.
B) atmospheric pressure.
C) intrapleural pressure.
D) interthoracic pressure.

63) What force creates the intrapleural pressure between the visceral and parietal pleurae?

A) Air pressure
B) Hydrostatic pressure
C) Osmotic pressure
D) Surface tension

64) Intrapleural pressure must be _____ intrapulmonary pressure to keep the lungs inflated.

A) less than
B) greater than
C) the same as

65) Normally, intrapleural pressure is ________ atmospheric pressure.

A) less than
B) greater than
C) the same as

66) The diaphragm is

A) a skeletal muscle.
B) the floor of the chest cavity.
C) involved in breathing.
D) All apply.

67) Contraction of the inspiratory muscles causes the thoracic cavity to ______ in volume.

A) increase
B) decrease
C) remain unchanged

68) As the volume of the thoracic cavity increases due to the contraction of the muscles of inspiration, what occurs in the lungs and alveoli?

A) Lung and alveolar volumes increase and intrapulmonary pressure increases.
B) Lung and alveolar volumes increase and intrapulmonary pressure decreases.
C) Lung and alveolar volumes decrease and intrapulmonary pressure increases.
D) Lung and alveolar volumes decrease and intrapulmonary pressure decreases.

69) The drop in pressure in the alveoli to below atmospheric pressure will

A) draw external air into the lungs.
B) push internal air out of the lungs.
C) have no effect on air movement.

70) Which of the following muscles contract to start normal expiration?

A) Diaphragm
B) Internal intercostals
C) External intercostals
D) No muscles contract.

71) Which type of respiratory movement would involve contraction of sternocleidomastoid and pectoralis minor?

A) Forced expiration
B) Maximum inspiration
C) Relaxed inspiration
D) Relaxed expiration

72) Which of the following is the correct sequence of events for expiration?

A) Lung volume increases, alveolar volume increases, alveolar pressure increases
B) Lung volume increases, alveolar volume decreases, alveolar pressure decreases
C) Lung volume decreases, alveolar volume decreases, alveolar pressure increases
D) Lung volume decreases, alveolar volume increases, alveolar pressure decreases

73) Which muscles contract for a forced expiration?

A) External intercostal muscles and internal intercostal muscles
B) Internal intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles
C) Abdominal muscles and the diaphragm
D) External intercostal muscles and the diaphragm

74) An instrument that is used to measure lung volumes is a

A) stethoscope.
B) microscope.
C) spirometer.
D) sphygmomanometer.

75) Residual volume is

A) air remaining in the alveoli after very deep exhalation.
B) air moved in and out with each breath.
C) maximum volume of air moved in and out during a single deep breath.
D) air that remains in the passageways but not used for gas exchange.

76) Vital capacity is

A) air remaining in lungs after very deep exhalation.
B) air moved in and out with each breath.
C) maximum volume of air moved in and out during a single deep breath.
D) Inhaling the maximum amount of air.

77) Which is larger, tidal volume or inspiratory reserve volume?

A) Inspiratory reserve volume
B) Tidal volume

78) Which is larger, functional residual capacity or residual volume?

A) Functional residual capacity
B) Residual volume

79) Tidal volume is

A) air remaining in lungs after very deep exhalation.
B) air moved in and out with each normal breath.
C) maximum volume of air moved in and out during a single deep breath.

80) Average tidal volume is approximately

A) 1500 mL.
B) 2900 mL.
C) 1000 mL.
D) 500 mL.

81) Air that is in the airways, but not in the alveoli for gas exchange, is called the

A) residual volume.
B) dead-space air.
C) functional reserve volume.
D) None apply.

82) The primary respiratory control center is located in the

A) pons.
B) midbrain.
C) medulla oblongata.
D) cerebellum.

83) Impulses from the primary respiratory center to the respiratory muscles will initiate

A) contraction for expiration.
B) contraction for inspiration.
C) relaxation for expiration.
D) relaxation for inspiration.

84) A lack of impulses from the primary respiratory center to the respiratory muscles will initiate

A) contraction for expiration.
B) contraction for inspiration.
C) relaxation for expiration.
D) relaxation for inspiration.

85) A secondary respiratory center is found in the _______ that helps ventilation to become smooth and rhythmic.

A) pons
B) midbrain
C) medulla oblongata
D) cerebellum

86) What nerve innervates the diaphragm?

A) Vagus
B) Intercostals
C) Phrenic
D) None apply.

87) The Hering-Breuer reflex

A) increases the rate of respiration.
B) prevents the over-stretching of the lungs.
C) decreases the rate of respiration.
D) stimulates gas exchange in the lungs.

88) The primary respiratory center is directly sensitive to _____ in the blood to modify respiration rate.

A) carbon dioxide and oxygen levels
B) hydrogen and oxygen levels
C) carbon dioxide and hydrogen levels
D) only oxygen levels

89) Neural signals about oxygen levels in the blood come from

A) osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.
B) chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies.
C) oxygen receptors in the primary respiratory center.
D) baroreceptors in the aorta and carotid arteries.
E) hemoglobin detectors in the pons.

90) If blood carbon dioxide levels are low, the primary respiratory center will _______ the rate and depth of respiration.

A) increase
B) decrease
C) not change

91) Eupnea is

A) a bacterial infection.
B) a nonrespiratory pattern.
C) normal quiet breathing.
D) a component of Cheyne-Stokes respiration.
E) excessive ventilation.

92) Which of the following occurs in Cheyne-Stokes respiration?

A) Deep inspiration
B) Sudden, forceful expiration
C) Deep, labored breathing followed by eupnea
D) Alternating deep, labored breathing and apnea

93) What is the term for a faster-than-normal breathing rate?

A) Eupnea
B) Apnea
C) Hyperpnea
D) Dyspnea

94) What principle causes the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the capillaries and the alveoli?

A) Absorption
B) Diffusion
C) Secretion
D) Active transport
E) Filtration

95) During external respiration,

A) Hb becomes HbO ₂.
B) CO ₂ becomes HCO ₃ ^-.
C) carbaminohemoglobin forms.
D) Hb becomes HHb.

96) Before external respiration occurs, the concentration or partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli is _____ than in the pulmonary capillaries.

A) higher
B) lower
C) no different

97) Before external respiration occurs, the concentration or partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli is _____ than in the pulmonary capillaries.

A) higher
B) lower
C) no different

98) The concentration or partial pressure of carbon dioxide is __________ in tissue fluid than in arterial blood.

A) higher
B) lower
C) the same in both

99) Cells generate ATP through cellular respiration. The process of cellular respiration

A) uses oxygen and produces carbon dioxide.
B) consumes hemoglobin and generates acid.
C) uses carbon dioxide and produces oxygen.
D) produces hemoglobin and oxygen.
E) produces lactate and glucose.

100) In internal respiration, oxygen is diffusing from the

A) tissue fluid into the capillary blood.
B) capillaries into the venules.
C) capillary blood into the tissue fluid.
D) alveoli into the capillary blood.
E) trachea to the lungs.

101) Hemoglobin assists in the transport of

A) hydrogen ions.
B) carbon dioxide.
C) oxygen.
D) hydrogen ions, carbon dioxide, and oxygen.

102) Once hemoglobin has joined with oxygen, it is bright red and called

A) oxyhemoglobin.
B) carbaminohemoglobin.
C) reduced hemoglobin.
D) hemoglobin.

103) Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported

A) dissolved in the plasma.
B) as carbaminohemoglobin.
C) as bicarbonate ions in the plasma.
D) All apply.

104) What chemical assists in the formation of the bicarbonate ions from carbon dioxide and water?

A) Oxygen
B) Carbonic anhydrase
C) Carbaminohemoglobin
D) Hydrochloric acid

105) Carbonic anhydrase is abundant in

A) alveolar air.
B) blood plasma.
C) red blood cells.
D) spaces between cells of capillary walls.

106) Hemoglobin can act as a buffer by accepting protons. When hemoglobin accepts a hydrogen ion it is referred to as

A) carbaminohemoglobin.
B) oxidized hemoglobin.
C) reduced hemoglobin.
D) pentameric hemoglobin.

107) After bicarbonate ion is produced in the red blood cell, it moves into the plasma and is replaced by a _____ to keep electrical neutrality.

A) hydrogen ion
B) calcium ion
C) chloride ion
D) potassium ion

108) If carbon dioxide levels in the blood increase, the pH will _________, causing ______________.

A) increase; acidosis
B) increase; alkalosis
C) decrease; acidosis
D) decrease; alkalosis

109) Hyperventilation could lead to

A) acidosis.
B) alkalosis.
C) chloride shift.
D) eupnea.

110) A decrease in blood pH is known as ______, while an increase is known as _______.

A) alkalosis; acidosis
B) acidosis; alkalosis

111) Emphysema

A) is a viral infection.
B) is a degenerative disease affecting the respiratory membrane.
C) generally lasts only a short period of time.
D) All apply.

112) __________ is a bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract.

A) Pulmonary fibrosis
B) Strep throat
C) Pneumonia
D) Tuberculosis

113) How is otitis media related to the respiratory system?

A) The paranasal sinuses are connected to the nasal cavities.
B) The nasal cavities are connected to the pharynx.
C) The middle ear is connected to the pharynx by the auditory tube.
D) A virus can travel into the external auditory canal.
E) The Eustachian tube connects the inner ear to the nasal cavity.

114) Which of the following is NOT true of acute bronchitis?

A) Usually begins with a viral URI that leads to a bacterial infection
B) Presents with a deep productive cough
C) Produces thick fluid in the alveoli
D) Involves the primary and secondary bronchi

115) __________ can be caused by inhaling coal dust, clay,flour, or other small particles.

A) Pulmonary fibrosis
B) Strep throat
C) Pneumonia
D) Tuberculosis

116) __________ is detected by a skin test.

A) Pulmonary fibrosis
B) Strep throat
C) Pneumonia
D) Tuberculosis

117) In a restrictive pulmonary disorder,

A) vital capacity is reduced.
B) the lungs have lost their elasticity.
C) the lungs can not inflate properly.
D) All apply.

118) Which of the following is NOT a COPD?

A) Chronic bronchitis
B) Emphysema
C) Acute bronchitis

119) Which of the following conditions is characterized by destruction of alveolar walls and breakdown of lung elastic tissue?

A) Asthma
B) Chronic bronchitis
C) Tuberculosis
D) Emphysema

120) For some patients with __________ lung volume reduction surgery can be a useful treatment.

A) asthma
B) black lung
C) pulmonary fibrosis
D) emphysema

121) Which of the following conditions is characterized by bronchial inflammation, spasms, and wheezing?

A) Asthma
B) Chronic bronchitis
C) Tuberculosis
D) Emphysema

122) Which of the following lung infections or disorders could be caused by smoking?

A) Cancer and emphysema
B) Pneumonia and tuberculosis
C) Bronchitis and flu
D) Black lung and cystic fibrosis

123) What appears to be the first step in the development of lung cancer?

A) Loss of cilia
B) Metastasis
C) Thickening and callusing of cells lining the primary bronchi
D) Cells with atypical nuclei appear

124) Currently, it appears that e-cigarettes

A) are not any safer than traditional cigarettes.
B) are substantially safer than traditional cigarettes.

125) Pneumonectomy refers to

A) a bacterial infection of the lower respiratory tract.
B) the constriction of lung tissue caused by fibrosis.
C) the surgical removal of a lung or lobe of a lung.
D) collapsing of a lung due to a chest wound allowing outside air in the pleural space.

126) Which of the following is NOT an aging effect on the respiratory system?

A) Gas exchange is less efficient
B) Respiratory diseases are more prevalent
C) Vital capacity increases
D) Mucociliary escalator is less efficient

127) Which of the following is NOT true of hypoventilating?

A) Breathing is at a lower-than-normal rate.
B) Blood carbon dioxide levels decrease.
C) Blood pH decreases, causing acidosis.
D) The brain will try to increase respiration to bring back homeostasis.

128) Which of the following is NOT true of hyperventilating?

A) Breathing is at a higher rate than normal.
B) Blood carbon dioxide levels decrease.
C) Blood pH decreases, causing alkalosis.
D) The brain will try to decrease respiration to bring back homeostasis.

129) The lungs are part of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway that helps regulate

A) blood pH.
B) blood pressure.
C) carbon dioxide levels.
D) All apply.

130) Which of the following is NOT a method used by the respiratory system to help the immune system fight against pathogens?

A) Tonsils help activate T cells.
B) Cilia sweep impurities out of the lungs.
C) Mucus helps trap pathogens.
D) Dust cell macrophages remove pathogens from the nasal cavity.