Test Questions & Answers Chapter 24 The Muscular System

Student name:__________

1) The __________ is represented by number 8 on the figure.

2) Number 7 represents the __________ muscle.

3) Number 6 in the figure represents the __________muscle.

4) The __________ muscle is located at number 5 in the figure.

5) The __________ muscle is represented by number 4 in the figure.

6) Number 3 in the figure is the __________ muscle.

7) Number 2 in the figure represents the __________ muscle.

8) Number 1 in the figure is the __________ muscle.

9) Skeletal muscle fibers respond only to the neurotransmitter __________, which causes them to contract.

10) Once contraction has occurred, skeletal muscles release an enzyme called __________, which breaks down acetylcholine and allows the muscle to relax.

11) The process of __________ respiration uses the body's store of glucose to make ATP.

12) The __________ is a tough, sheet-like structure made of fibrous connective tissue that typically attaches muscles to other muscles.

13) __________ is a rare but very serious disorder caused by a bacterium that normally lives in soil and water and mainly affects the gastrointestinal tract.

14) The production of __________ is a rapid way for muscle to produce energy.

15) The __________ is the covering of connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle cells.

16) A thin covering that is just deep to the fascia of a muscle and surrounds the entire muscle is the __________.

17) The __________ is connective tissue that is just below the skin to help support and hold together muscles, bones, nerves, and blood vessels.

18) The perimysium is connective tissue surrounding a group of muscle fibers called a __________.

19) A fairly common condition that results in chronic pain primarily in joints, muscles, and tendons and most commonly affects women between the ages of 20 and 50 is __________.

20) The biceps brachii attaches to two places on the scapula and to one site on the radius. When the biceps brachii contracts, the radius moves and the arm bends at the elbow. The __________ site of the biceps brachii is its attachment site on the radius.

21) The biceps brachii attaches to two places on the scapula and to one site on the radius. When the biceps brachii contracts, the radius moves and the arm bends at the elbow. The __________ of the biceps brachii is where it attaches to the scapula.

22) Groups of cardiac muscle are connected to each other through __________ discs that allow the fibers in each group to contract and relax together and allow the heart to work as a pump.

23) Pyruvic acid is converted into acetyl coenzyme A, which begins a series of reactions known as the __________ cycle or the citric acid cycle.

24) When pyruvic acid is converted to __________ acid for energy production, this waste product builds up and causes muscle fatigue.

25) The smooth muscle found in the iris of the eye and the walls of blood vessels, which contracts in response to neurotransmitters and hormones, is known as a __________ smooth muscle.

26) Muscle __________ is a condition in which a muscle has lost its ability to contract. This condition usually develops because of an accumulation of lactic acid.

27) Myocytes are called muscle __________ because of their long lengths.

28) Muscle cells, or __________, are called muscle fibers because of their long lengths.

29) Most of the sarcoplasm is filled with long structures called __________, which produce the striations observed in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells.

30) The oxygen needed for aerobic respiration is stored in the muscle pigment called __________, which also gives muscle its pinkish color.

31) Cardiac muscle reacts to the neurotransmitter __________ by speeding up the heart rate.

32) When skeletal muscle is used strenuously for several minutes, oxygen __________ occurs.

33) In addition to responding to neurotransmitters, muscle fibers in visceral smooth muscle stimulate each other to contract, causing them to contract and relax together and producing an action called __________.

34) Although body movement is usually produced by a group of muscles, one muscle is responsible for most of the movement. This muscle is called the agonist or __________.

35) In __________, the kidneys become damaged because of toxins released from severely injured muscle cells.

36) The cell membrane of a muscle fiber is called a(n) __________.

37) The cytoplasm of myocytes is called __________.

38) The endoplasmic reticulum in myocytes is called __________ reticulum.

39) A valve-like structure around a body opening and passage that controls the movement of substances into and out of the passages is called a(n) __________.

40) Most of the sarcoplasm is filled with long structures called myofibrils whose filaments produce the __________ observed in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells.

41) A muscle that helps the prime mover by stabilizing a joint is called a(n) __________.

42) The tough, cord-like structures made of fibrous connective tissue that connect muscles to bones are called __________.

43) The muscular disorder that usually occurs after a sports-related activity resulting in injury to the muscle tendon or tendon-to-bone attachment is __________.

44) __________ is a disease that infects skeletal muscles, the heart, the lungs, and the brain and is caused by worms ingested by eating undercooked meat.

45) Muscle fibers in __________ smooth muscle not only respond to neurotransmitters, but also stimulate each other to contract and produce peristalsis.

46) One function of muscles is to hold the bones tightly together in order to __________ the joints.

47) When muscles contract, they produce __________, which helps the body maintain a normal temperature.

48) When facial muscles contract, they produce different kinds of facial __________, such as smiling or frowning.

49) The __________ muscle in the heart produces the atrial and ventricular contractions that pump blood into and through the blood vessels.

50) Tub and shower seats are examples of __________ devices that can help aging patients who are experiencing difficulties with dexterity and gripping.

51) When muscles have a buildup of lactic acid, this __________.

A) results from excess oxygen
B) causes muscle fatigue
C) can be corrected by increasing muscle activity
D) is caused by muscle cramps
E) is a normal result of aerobic respiration

52) A mother calls your office about her 8-month-old, who is having difficulty swallowing, is vomiting, seems weak, and has not had a wet diaper for 2 days. This mom is known to serve the baby canned vegetables because she believes that fresh vegetables are too expensive in her neighborhood. What advice would be appropriate for the medical assistant to give to this mother?

A) Bring the baby in tomorrow, when there is an open time slot on the schedule.
B) Encourage the baby to drink water.
C) Take the baby to the local emergency department.
D) Administer one dose of pediatric Tylenol and call back in three hours.
E) Give the baby toddler foods to stimulate urination.

53) When working with parents of young children who are at risk of botulism, what is the most important instruction to give them to reduce this risk?

A) Wash all foods well.
B) Do not use well water for infants or children.
C) Do not use raw fish or food from damaged or bulging cans of vegetables.
D) Be sure to wash infants' and children's hands before they eat.
E) Avoid giving children fresh vegetables.

54) Elysia is a young woman who has just been diagnosed with fibromyalgia. The practitioner asks the medical assistant to provide her with tips to help manage this disorder. The medical assistant should suggest that she __________.

A) avoid any alcohol use
B) reduce activities when her pain is the greatest
C) seek counseling to help develop better coping skills
D) increase her intake of caffeine to give her more energy
E) avoid taking anti-inflammatory medications

55) A man staggers into the clinic. He is known to be a heavy cocaine and alcohol user. Part of the clinical data gathered includes a urine sample, which is very dark in color. He complains of weakness and has a “small” seizure in the exam room. The practitioner suspects that he may have __________.

A) tetanus
B) botulism
C) trichinosis
D) rhabdomyolysis
E) fibromyalgia

56) In order to get tetanus, a person must have a(n) __________.

A) impaired immune system
B) open wound, usually from a puncture by a contaminated object
C) family history of tetanus
D) high-stress lifestyle
E) high level of sports-related activity

57) An early sign of tetanus is __________.

A) drooling
B) fever
C) diarrhea
D) sweating
E) muscle spasm in the jaw and neck

58) Two of the best players on a middle-school soccer team just showed up 15 minutes late for a match. They want to go out on the field immediately, but the coach insists that they warm up and do stretches before joining the game. Which of the following is the best explanation the coach can give these players about warming up before entering the game?

A) "Warming up first will help keep you focused."
B) "If you perform the proper stretches, you will have a better chance of winning."
C) "Warming up and stretching will help keep you warm during the game."
D) "Warming up and stretching will help prevent injuries during the match."
E) "Stretching before the game can help prevent dizziness and fainting."

59) Which of the following does not apply to skeletal muscle?

A) It is under voluntary control.
B) It has intercalated discs.
C) It is attached to bones.
D) It contracts rapidly.
E) It responds to acetylcholine.

60) Which characteristic applies to smooth muscle?

A) It contracts rapidly.
B) It is under voluntary control.
C) It produces peristalsis.
D) It is self-exciting.
E) It contains intercalated discs.

61) Which of the following is true regarding the cardiac muscle?

A) It is under voluntary control.
B) It contracts and relaxes slowly.
C) It is self-exciting.
D) It is attached to bones.
E) It produces peristalsis.

62) Which of the following produces body movement?

A) skeletal and cardiac muscle
B) multi-unit smooth muscle
C) smooth and skeletal muscle
D) skeletal muscle
E) visceral smooth muscle

63) Which type of muscle moves contents through hollow organs such as the intestines?

A) Cardiac muscle
B) Visceral smooth muscle
C) Smooth and skeletal muscle
D) Skeletal muscle
E) Multi-unit smooth muscle

64) Which of the following are characteristics of cardiac muscle?

A) It is under voluntary control and has intercalated discs.
B) It is self-exciting and controls blood vessels.
C) It is slow to contract and relax and is under voluntary control.
D) It has intercalated discs and is self-exciting.
E) It produces peristalsis and has intercalated discs.

65) Which of the following is a protein that stores phosphate groups for use by ATP?

A) glucose
B) lactic acid
C) creatine phosphate
D) pyruvic acid
E) acetylcholine

66) Which of the following uses glucose to help make ATP?

A) creatine phosphate
B) aerobic respiration
C) lactic acid
D) pyruvic acid
E) acetylcholine

67) Small amounts of ATP are produced when pyruvic acid is converted to __________.

A) creatine phosphate
B) glucose
C) acetylcholinesterase
D) myoglobin
E) lactic acid

68) Which of the following does not apply to visceral smooth muscle?

A) It is found in blood vessels.
B) The muscles stimulate each other to contract.
C) It is located in the bladder and uterus.
D) It produces peristalsis.
E) It moves ova through the Fallopian tubes.

69) Individual muscle cells are surrounded by which of the following?

A) tendon
B) aponeurosis
C) perimysium
D) fascia
E) endomysium

70) The __________ divides muscles into sections called fascicles.

A) tendon
B) aponeurosis
C) perimysium
D) fascia
E) endomysium

71) Which of the following attaches muscles to each other?

A) tendon
B) aponeurosis
C) perimysium
D) fascia
E) endomysium

72) Which type of connective tissue separates muscles from each other?

A) tendon
B) aponeurosis
C) perimysium
D) fascia
E) endomysium

73) Which of the following connects muscles to bone?

A) tendon
B) aponeurosis
C) perimysium
D) fascia
E) endomysium

74) For which of the following is the use of braces an appropriate treatment?

A) fibromyalgia
B) muscular dystrophy
C) tetanus
D) botulism
E) myasthenia gravis

75) Lifestyle changes of avoiding stress are recommended for patients who have __________.

A) muscular dystrophy
B) tetanus and myasthenia gravis
C) rhabdomyolysis and botulism
D) myasthenia gravis and fibromyalgia
E) botulism and fibromyalgia

76) Which symptoms are common in trichinosis?

A) diarrhea and pneumonia
B) dark urine and muscle fatigue
C) tender body areas and dark urine
D) absence of reflexes and high fever
E) limited range of motion and diarrhea

77) One common symptom of rhabdomyolysis is __________.

A) diarrhea
B) encephalitis
C) dark urine
D) muscle spasms
E) absence of reflexes

78) The attachment site for the less movable bone when a muscle contracts is the __________.

A) insertion
B) origin
C) prime mover
D) synergist
E) antagonist

79) Which muscle is most responsible for movement?

A) insertion
B) origin
C) agonist
D) synergist
E) antagonist

80) The attachment site for the more movable bone when a muscle contracts is the __________.

A) insertion
B) origin
C) synergist
D) antagonist

81) Which of the following is a muscle that produces movement opposite to the prime mover?

A) insertion
B) origin
C) synergist
D) antagonist
E) agonist

82) Which of the following muscles moves the thigh?

A) biceps brachii
B) gluteus medius
C) external oblique
D) gastrocnemius
E) soleus

83) Which muscle closes the jaw?

A) temporalis
B) sternocleidomastoid
C) trapezius
D) biceps brachii
E) latissimus dorsi

84) The shoulder is moved by the __________ muscle.

A) temporalis
B) sternocleidomastoid
C) gastrocnemius
D) biceps brachii
E) trapezius

85) Which of these muscles flexes the foot and is commonly called the calf muscle?

A) biceps brachii
B) external oblique
C) gluteus medius
D) gastrocnemius
E) sartorius

86) The __________ muscle moves the abdominal wall.

A) biceps brachii
B) external oblique
C) gluteus medius
D) gastrocnemius
E) soleus

87) Which of the following muscles moves the forearm?

A) biceps brachii
B) external oblique
C) gluteus medius
D) gastrocnemius
E) trapezius

88) The __________ muscle moves the head.

A) temporalis
B) sternocleidomastoid
C) trapezius
D) biceps brachii
E) trapezius

89) Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion are represented by the numbers __________.

A) 7 and 6
B) 5 and 4
C) 6 and 5
D) 2 and 3
E) 1 and 4

90) Numbers 1 and 2 on the figure are examples of __________.

A) flexion and extension
B) flexion and abduction
C) pronation and extension
D) abduction and adduction
E) dorsiflexion and pronation

91) The number 5 on the figure demonstrates __________.

A) flexion
B) extension
C) abduction
D) adduction
E) dorsiflexion

92) Referring to the figure, which of the following demonstrate flexion?

A) 4 and 1
B) 5 and 6
C) 4 and 9
D) 1 and 8
E) 2 and 7

93) Numbers 5 and 6 demonstrate __________.

A) protraction and depression
B) elevation and eversion
C) depression and retraction
D) elevation and depression
E) eversion and inversion

94) Eversion and inversion are demonstrated by numbers __________.

A) 3 and 6
B) 1 and 2
C) 4 and 5
D) 2 and 4
E) 3 and 4

95) Numbers 3 and 4 on the figure demonstrate __________.

A) depression and inversion
B) eversion and protraction
C) protraction and retraction
D) elevation and inversion
E) inversion and protraction

96) Supination and pronation are demonstrated by numbers __________.

A) 1 and 3
B) 3 and 4
C) 4 and 2
D) 2 and 3
E) 1 and 2

97) Numbers 1 and 2 demonstrate __________.

A) supination and pronation
B) elevation and pronation
C) rotation and circumduction
D) circumduction and supination
E) rotation and dorsiflexion

98) As aging occurs, muscle contractions __________.

A) do not change
B) become slower
C) become stronger
D) become faster
E) become absent

99) As changes occur in the musculoskeletal system due to aging, which of the following is not likely to occur?

A) Elderly patients will have increasing difficulty with dexterity.
B) Mobility may decrease.
C) Elderly patients will have increasing difficulty with gripping ability.
D) Assistive devices may be needed.
E) Endurance of muscle fibers decreases dramatically.

100) Monique is a 79-year-old patient who enjoys being active. Recently, however, her arthritis is getting worse, and she has been having more trouble moving around lately. She tells you that she wants to exercise and stay active, but she is not sure what kinds of exercise she can do now. Which of the following recommendations might you make?

A) "Take a pain pill after you exercise."
B) "Aerobic exercise is good for you even if you have arthritis."
C) "It is not necessary to exercise at your age."
D) "Try swimming or exercising your joints underwater."
E) "Any kind of exercise will make the arthritis worse."