Chapter 9 Nervous System Verified Test Bank

1.

Astrocytes provide structural support in the nervous system. 
 
True    False

2.

Interneurons are specialized to carry impulses from peripheral receptors into the brain or spinal cord. 
 
True    False

3.

Nodes of Ranvier connect adjacent neurons. 
 
True    False

4.

A synapse is the functional connection between two neurons. 
 
True    False

5.

A deficiency of calcium in the body can result in involuntary muscle contractions. 
 
True    False

6.

A nerve is a single neuron. 
 
True    False

7.

The subarachnoid space within the meninges contains cerebrospinal fluid. 
 
True    False

8.

The gray commissure of the spinal cord surrounds the central canal. 
 
True    False

9.

If fibers in an ascending tract of the spinal cord are cut, the affected person will have a loss of motor functions below the injury. 
 
True    False

10.

Cell bodies of motor neurons are located in the anterior horns of the spinal cord. 
 
True    False

11.

The arbor vitae is part of the cerebrum. 
 
True    False

12.

Brain damage to the temporal lobe, where recent memory is processed, can result in the inability to form long-term memory. 
 
True    False

13.

Sympathetic tone is defined as ongoing stimulation of smooth muscles in the walls of blood vessels, which results in partial constriction. 
 
True    False

14.

An action potential is an all-or-none response. 
 
True    False

15.

A neuron may release more than one type of neurotransmitter. 
 
True    False

16.

Afferent neurons bring sensory information into the central nervous system. 
 
True    False

17.

Efferent neurons carry impulses from the central nervous system to effectors. 
 
True    False

18.

Most nerves of the body are mixed nerves. 
 
True    False

19.

Sensory nerves carry information to effectors. 
 
True    False

20.

The butterfly shape seen in a cross section of the spinal cord is composed of white matter. 
 
True    False

21.

Cranial nerves connect the brain only to head and neck regions; spinal nerves connect all regions below the neck. 
 
True    False

22.

The olfactory nerves and optic nerves are mixed nerves. 
 
True    False

23.

Which of the following is NOT a type of neuroglia? 
 

24.

The simplest nerve pathway in the body is called a(n) 
 

25.

The first component of a reflex arc is a(n) 
 

26.

In the central nervous system myelin is formed by  
 

27.

The cellular processes of neurons that provide receptive surfaces for input from other neurons are  
 

28.

Masses of myelinated nerve fibers appear  
 

29.

Ischemic cell damage is caused by a lack of blood flow, which deprives cells of  
 

30.

An infant's responses to stimuli are coarse and undifferentiated because its nerve fibers  
 

31.

Which describes the ion concentrations inside and outside of a neuron?  
 

32.

During an action potential, depolarization occurs as a result of  
 

33.

During an action potential, repolarization occurs as a result of  
 

34.

When a neuron increases its release of neurotransmitter in response to a nerve impulse, as a result of repeated stimulation, it is said to be 
 

35.

Which of the following lists parts of a reflex arc in the correct sequence? 
 

36.

Within the meninges, cerebrospinal fluid occupies the  
 

37.

In the case of a subdural hematoma (blood accumulating beneath the dura) resulting from a blow to the head, blood accumulates 
 

38.

The pressure of cerebrospinal fluid is usually measured by introducing a hollow needle between lumbar vertebrae into the  
 

39.

The spinothalamic tract conducts impulses  
 

40.

The part of the brain that coordinates voluntary muscle movements is the  
 

41.

Which of the following is a part of the diencephalon? 
 

42.

The complex network of tiny islands of gray matter in the brain that "awakens" the cerebral cortex is the  
 

43.

The cardiac and vasomotor centers are located in the 
 

44.

The phrenic nerves arise from the  
 

45.

The respiratory areas are in the pons and in the  
 

46.

Which of the following are adrenergic fibers? 
 

47.

These convert environmental information into impulses that are conducted to the central nervous system. 
 

48.

When 10 or more pre-synaptic neurons conduct impulses to 5 or fewer post-synaptic neurons, the conduction pattern is said to be 
 

49.

The two major types of cells found in nervous tissue are  
 

50.

This motor branch of the peripheral nervous system controls skeletal muscle. 
 

51.

These neuroglia are found in the central nervous system and phagocytize bacterial cells and cellular debris. 
 

52.

These neuroglia form the insulating myelin sheath around axons of the central nervous system. 
 

53.

These neuroglia provide structural support between neurons and blood vessels, have numerous processes, and help regulate extracellular nutrient and ion concentration. 
 

54.

These neuroglia form an epithelial-like membrane that lines the enclosed spaces of the brain and spinal cord. 
 

55.

These neuroglia produce the myelin sheath on neurons of the peripheral nervous system. 
 

56.

A branch-like sensory process of a neuron that provides the main receptive surface for communication is called a(n) 
 

57.

This neuron process originates as a single structure but may give off many branches. 
 

58.

The neurilemma 
 

59.

Unmyelinated axons and neuron cell bodies form 
 

60.

Gaps in the myelin sheath are called 
 

61.

Neurons found only in specialized parts of the eyes, nose, and ears are  
 

62.

This structural type of neuron includes most neurons whose cell bodies lie within the central nervous system. 
 

63.

This structural type of neuron has a single process that extends from the cell body. 
 

64.

Neurons that conduct impulses into the brain or spinal cord are functionally classified as 
 

65.

Neurons entirely contained within the brain or spinal cord are functionally classified as 
 

66.

This condition is caused by unequal distribution of positive and negative charges across the plasma membrane of a neuron. 
 

67.

The most abundant cation within cells is ________; the most abundant cation outside of cells is ________. 
 

68.

In a resting neuron, the difference in charges between the outside and inside of the membrane is called a(n) 
 

69.

When a neuron's membrane becomes more permeable to sodium, the neuron  
 

70.

When a neuron's plasma membrane becomes more permeable to potassium, 
 

71.

If a neuron's membrane potential measures +25mV, the neuron is  
 

72.

In most neurons, the threshold potential is about 
 

73.

When the measured potential of a membrane reaches threshold, 
 

74.

When an impulse jumps from node to node along a myelinated axon, the conduction is termed 
 

75.

A neuron's "trigger zone" is the  
 

76.

Impulse conduction is ________ in myelinated nerve fibers. 
 

77.

Faster impulse conduction speeds are possible with _______ axons. 
 

78.

Neurotransmitters that move the post-synaptic membrane potential closer to threshold are 
 

79.

Neurotransmitters that hyperpolarize post-synaptic membranes are always 
 

80.

Which is NOT a method for clearing neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft? 
 

81.

Action potentials reaching the synaptic knob open voltage-gated ________ channels, triggering synaptic vesicles to release neurotransmitter. 
 

82.

When ten or more neurons conduct impulses to five or fewer same post-synaptic neurons, the conduction pattern is said to be  
 

83.

Bundles of axons that carry impulses into the brain or spinal cord are  
 

84.

Bundles of axons that carry impulses from the central nervous system to effectors are 
 

85.

In the patellar reflex the afferent and efferent pathways are part of the femoral nerve, so the femoral nerve is 
 

86.

Sensory impulses from receptors of the feet reach the brain by way of these. 
 

87.

A _____________ is defined as a rapid automatic response to a stimulus. 
 

88.

Which list gives the following five parts of a reflex arc in order?  (1) central nervous system, (2) effector, (3) motor neuron, (4) receptor, (5) sensory neuron 
 

89.

Pulling your hand away from a hot pot is an example of 
 

90.

This outer meninx is composed mostly of white fibrous connective tissue and contains many blood vessels and nerves. 
 

91.

Cerebrospinal fluid is found in this location. 
 

92.

When you raise your hand to ask a question in class, your brain sends an impulse to your deltoid muscle by way of  
 

93.

Sensory and motor function, memory, reasoning and other higher cognitive functions are performed by this part of the brain. 
 

94.

This part of the brain contains centers that coordinate voluntary muscle movement. 
 

95.

This part of the brain contains the thalamus and hypothalamus and processes sensory information. 
 

96.

Composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata, this portion of the brain regulates certain visceral activities such as heart rate and breathing. 
 

97.

Basal nuclei produce dopamine and function with other brain areas to 
 

98.

Considered the emotional brain, this complex controls emotional experience and expression. 
 

99.

The reticular formation 
 

100.

Effectors that are capable of bringing about change in the internal environment include muscles and __________. 
 
________________________________________

101.

The cells in the nervous system that fill spaces and give support to neurons are called _____________. 
 
________________________________________

102.

Sheaths of myelin produced by ____________ cells often enclose the axons outside of the brain and spinal cord.  
 
________________________________________

103.

The difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of a resting nerve cell membrane is called the resting membrane ______________.  
 
________________________________________

104.

A nerve impulse consists of a wave of __________ potentials moving along the axon of a neuron.  
 
________________________________________

105.

The outermost layer of the meninges is the __________ mater. 
 
________________________________________

106.

The __________ root of a spinal nerve consists of motor neuron axons.  
 
________________________________________

107.

The interconnected fluid-filled cavities in the brain are called ______________.  
 
________________________________________

108.

The peripheral nervous system includes sensory and motor divisions. 
 
True    False

109.

Dorsal roots of spinal nerves are 
 

110.

Nerves of the peripheral nervous system usually form complex networks called ________. 
 

111.

This branch of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for stressful or emergency situations. 
 

112.

Sympathetic ganglia 
 

113.

Normal, quiet, everyday activities like resting and digesting are controlled by this division of the autonomic nervous system. 
 

114.

Neurons that release acetylcholine are ____________ neurons; those that secrete norepinephrine are ___________.