Test Bank Answers Chapter 22 The Integumentary System

Student name:__________

1) In a third-degree burn (letter __________), the skin often looks black or charred, which is known as eschar.

2) Unless they are extensive, burns such as the one shown in the figure by letter __________ do not require medical attention and usually heal well.

3) A third-degree burn is shown at letter __________ in the figure.

4) A partial-thickness burn involves the epidermis and dermis. This is shown at letter __________ in the figure.

5) A first-degree burn is shown at letter __________ in the figure.

6) Most of the time, __________ is inherited and results in hair loss. Other common causes include hormonal changes, chemotherapy, stress, burns, and fungal infections of the skin.

7) The __________ glands produce a thicker type of sweat that contains more proteins and are mostly concentrated in areas of skin with coarse hair.

8) The __________ muscles are attached to hair follicles and cause goose bumps.

9) An inflammation of connective tissues in skin that primarily occurs on the face and legs and is caused by staphylococcal and streptococcal bacteria is __________.

10) When the supply of oxygen in the blood is low, the skin looks bluish, which is called __________.

11) __________ is a general term defined as inflammation of the skin or a rash that can have many causes. It is a sign of many types of skin disorder.

12) In shingles, a painful blistering rash occurs along the __________, the skin area along the pathway of the affected nerve root.

13) The __________ layer of the skin is deep to the epidermis and contains all the major tissue types.

14) One type of chronic dermatitis that has acute phases is __________. Its causes are mostly unknown, but it is thought to be a type of allergy or the result of an underlying inflammatory condition.

15) The __________ is the most superficial layer of skin and is made up of many layers of tightly packed cells.

16) A hair __________ is a tube-like structure in the dermis of skin made of epithelial tissue.

17) "Swimmer's rash," or __________, is an inflammation of hair follicles resulting from shaving or excess rubbing of skin areas or from bacteria and fungi that develop from prolonged wearing of wet swimwear or use of undertreated hot tubs.

18) Herpes __________ types 1 and 2 are both caused by a virus. Type 1 causes cold sores, is very contagious, and is spread through saliva. Type 2, known as genital herpes, is sexually transmitted.

19) After a person has chickenpox, the virus becomes dormant in the spine's dorsal nerve root, but it can become active again later in life to cause shingles, also known as herpes __________.

20) Another name for the subcutaneous layer of skin is __________.

21) In __________, the skin develops oozing lesions that eventually crust over with a distinctive honey-colored crust. It is highly contagious for those who come in contact with the lesions or the exudates from them.

22) The durable protein that makes the epidermis waterproof and resistant to bacteria and viruses is __________.

23) The most common cell type in the epidermis is the __________.

24) The white half-moon-shaped area at the base of a nail is called a(n) __________ and contains very active keratinocytes.

25) The pigment called __________ traps ultraviolet radiation from sunlight and prevents the radiation from harming structures in the underlying layers of skin.

26) All people have about the same number of __________, regardless of skin color. What varies from person to person is how active the cells are in producing melanin.

27) The nail __________ holds the nail down to underlying skin and provides nutrients to the nail from the blood supply under it.

28) The skin condition called __________ is caused by parasitic lice.

29) Most likely an inherited autoimmune disorder, __________ causes recurring episodes of itching and redness with outbreaks of distinctive silvery, scaly skin lesions.

30) The skin disorder that commonly appears as facial redness, predominantly over the cheeks and nose, is __________ and results from dilation of small facial blood vessels.

31) Because __________, which is caused by the itch mite, is highly contagious, it is wise to treat an entire family if one member is infected.

32) The __________ glands produce an oily substance called sebum that is secreted onto hairs to keep them soft and pliable and also to prevent bacteria from growing on the skin.

33) An oily substance called __________ is secreted onto hairs to keep them soft and pliable and is eventually deposited onto skin to keep it soft as well.

34) The stratum __________ is the deepest layer of the epidermis. The cells in this layer are constantly dividing and push older cells up toward the stratum corneum.

35) The most superficial layer of the epidermis is the stratum __________. Most of the cells in this layer are dead and very flat and form an impermeable layer for skin.

36) The __________ layer of skin is largely made of adipose and loose connective tissue and contains blood vessels and nerves.

37) Most __________ (sweat) glands are located in the dermis of skin and are of two types: eccrine and apocrine.

38) Ringworm that occurs on the scalp is __________ capitis.

39) The A of the ABCDE rule used in evaluating melanoma is for __________. The mole should look equal in size from side to side.

40) The __________ of a mole should not be irregular, nor should it blur into nearby normal tissue.

41) The __________ of a mole should be even and not lighten or darken.

42) A mole should not grow larger than 6 mm in __________.

43) The American Cancer Society has put together seven cancer warning signs for adults using the acronym __________.

44)

The skin layer labeled A is the __________.

45)

The skin layer labeled B is the __________.

46)

The skin layer labeled C is the __________ layer.

47)

The item labeled F in the illustration is a(n) __________ gland.

48)

The item labeled E in the illustration is a hair __________.

49)

The item labeled D in the illustration is a(n) __________ gland.

50) The skin plays a major role in body __________ regulation by dilating and constricting dermal blood vessels.

51) When skin is exposed to sunlight it produces a molecule that is converted to __________, which the body needs for calcium absorption.

52) Receptors in the skin that detect touch, heat, cold, and pain are called __________ receptors.

53) The skin __________ small amounts of waste products, such as water and salts, through perspiration.

54) A skin lesion that consists of a large blister or cluster of blisters is a(n) __________.

55) Skin lesions that originate from disease or body changes are called __________ lesions.

56) Lesions such as keloids that are caused by a reaction to external traumas are known as __________ lesions.

57) Anomalies of the blood vessels, such as telangiectasias, hemangiomas, or ecchymoses, are called __________ lesions.

58) A scar inside a wound or tissue is known as a(n) __________.

59) Bleeding disorders may cause pinpoint skin hemorrhages known as __________.

60) A(n) __________ is an overgrowth of scar tissue.

61) Freckles and flat moles are examples of skin lesions known as __________.

62) An elevated, infected skin lesion that contains pus is a(n) __________.

63) Redness, swelling, localized warmth, and pain are characteristics of __________.

64) The redness around an inflamed area is caused by the __________ of nearby blood vessels.

65) When the structures and blood vessels of the dermis are injured, a blood __________ forms initially.

66) The major component of scars is a whitish fiber called __________.

67) Which of these structures or substances in the skin helps prevent UV radiation from damaging deep structures of the skin?

A) sebaceous glands
B) melanin
C) keratinocytes
D) keratin
E) collagen fibers

68) Signs and symptoms listed in the ABCDE rule would apply to which condition?

A) melanoma
B) basal cell carcinoma
C) squamous cell carcinoma
D) alopecia
E) herpes zoster

69) When the skin is injured, inflammation follows. One effect of this response is that it __________.

A) prevents hemorrhage
B) decreases swelling
C) decreases blood supply to the area
D) decreases nutrients to the area
E) carries defensive cells to the area

70) The extent of a burn injury is estimated by __________.

A) calculating body mass
B) calculating weight, height, and age
C) using the rule of nines
D) identifying the substance that caused the burn
E) classifying the thickness of the burn injury

71) Julio called this morning and asked to be seen today if possible. You fit him into the schedule and he arrives at your office with a red face that looks painful. He states that the gas stove flashed in his face when he was lighting it. You note that facial hair has been burned, but there are no blisters. Your best first response is to __________.

A) call 911 because burns to the head are always serious
B) apply ointment to the burns on his face
C) check his vital signs and put ice on the burned area
D) get him to drink some cool water to prevent shock
E) cover the burn to keep out bacteria

72) You are working at a walk-in urgent care center. Kenneth is an auto mechanic and was brought in by a co-worker after his arm accidentally came in contact with the hot motor of a car he was working on. His long-sleeved shirt appears to be sticking to a burned area that extends from the upper arm to the mid-forearm. Your best response is to __________.

A) remove the shirt from the burned area
B) cool the burn with large amounts of water
C) contact emergency personnel
D) check the airways for swelling
E) apply a soothing lotion to the burned area

73) The skin plays a role in regulating body temperature by __________.

A) dilating or constricting blood vessels in the skin
B) stimulating the hypothalamus
C) eliminating wastes
D) retaining fluids
E) producing vitamin D

74) Which of the following is mostly adipose tissue?

A) epidermis
B) dermis
C) hypodermis
D) stratum basale
E) stratum germinativum

75) In which layer of skin are keratinocyte cells located?

A) arrector pili
B) epidermis
C) dermis
D) subcutaneous layer
E) hypodermis

76) Melanin, which helps protect underlying layers of skin from UV radiation, is deposited throughout the __________.

A) dermis
B) epidermis
C) subcutaneous layer
D) hypodermis
E) arrector pili

77) Which skin layer contains all of the major tissue types, including epithelial tissue, connective tissues, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue?

A) arrector pili
B) epidermis
C) dermis
D) subcutaneous
E) hypodermis

78) Keratin is a durable protein that makes which skin layer waterproof and resistant to bacteria and viruses?

A) arrector pili
B) epidermis
C) dermis
D) subcutaneous
E) hypodermis

79) Sweat glands are found in the __________.

A) arrector pili
B) epidermis
C) dermis
D) subcutaneous
E) hypodermis

80) When the supply of oxygen in the blood is low, what color would the skin appear?

A) pink
B) rosy
C) yellow
D) bluish
E) amber

81) A person with a rich supply of oxygenated blood will have what hue of skin color?

A) pink
B) cyanotic
C) yellow
D) bluish
E) amber

82) The most aggressive skin cancer is __________.

A) basal cell carcinoma
B) squamous cell carcinoma
C) melanoma
D) eczema
E) scabies

83) The most common skin cancer is __________.

A) basal cell carcinoma
B) squamous cell carcinoma
C) melanoma
D) eczema
E) scabies

84) A __________ often begins with a mole.

A) verruca
B) basal cell carcinoma
C) squamous cell carcinoma
D) melanoma
E) wart

85) Which of the following begins in the flat cells of the epidermis of the face, lips, ears, and the backs of the hands?

A) basal cell carcinoma
B) alopecia
C) melanoma
D) squamous cell carcinoma
E) pediculosis

86) Which of the following conditions may require chemotherapy?

A) basal cell carcinoma
B) alopecia
C) melanoma
D) squamous cell carcinoma
E) pediculosis

87) Which of the following diseases or disorders has five stages?

A) eczema
B) pediculosis
C) herpes zoster
D) melanoma
E) folliculitis

88) The causes of eczema are __________.

A) inherited
B) viral
C) hormonal
D) bacterial
E) mostly unknown

89) Which of the following causes herpes simplex?

A) a virus
B) bacteria
C) lice
D) hormones
E) unknown causes

90) Rosacea results from dilation of small facial blood vessels; the cause of this dilation is __________.

A) a virus
B) bacteria
C) a fungus
D) a worm
E) unknown

91) Pediculosis, which comes in three forms, is caused by which of the following?

A) a virus
B) bacteria
C) a fungus
D) a worm
E) lice

92) Cellulitis is an inflammation of connective tissues in skin caused by __________.

A) a virus
B) bacteria
C) a fungus
D) a worm
E) lice

93) Which of these skin problems requires treating the whole family?

A) folliculitis
B) psoriasis
C) scabies
D) dermatitis
E) eczema

94) Which of these skin problems can be caused by excessive rubbing of the skin?

A) folliculitis
B) psoriasis
C) scabies
D) dermatitis
E) pediculosis

95) Which of these skin problems is an inherited autoimmune disorder?

A) folliculitis
B) psoriasis
C) scabies
D) dermatitis
E) pediculosis

96) Which skin condition has characteristics of itchy, silvery, scaly lesions?

A) folliculitis
B) psoriasis
C) scabies
D) pediculosis
E) eczema

97) Which of the following are mites that burrow beneath the skin?

A) folliculitis
B) psoriasis
C) eczema
D) scabies
E) dermatitis

98) Which of the following is associated with eccrine sweat glands?

A) produce watery sweat
B) produce sweat with a high amount of protein
C) activated by nervousness or stress
D) most numerous in armpits and groin
E) become active during puberty

99) Which of the following is not associated with eccrine sweat glands?

A) most numerous
B) produce watery sweat
C) cause loss of body heat
D) most numerous in armpits and groin
E) activated primarily by heat

100) Which characteristic is associated with apocrine sweat glands?

A) most numerous
B) produces watery sweat
C) produces sweat with a high amount of protein
D) causes loss of body heat
E) concentrated on the forehead, neck, and back

101) Apocrine sweat glands are not associated with which of the following?

A) produce sweat with a high amount of protein
B) activated primarily by heat
C) produce thicker sweat than eccrine glands
D) most numerous in arm pits and groin
E) become active during puberty

102) A burn that causes only pain, swelling, and redness is a __________.

A) first-degree burn
B) second-degree burn
C) third-degree burn
D) partial-thickness burn
E) full-thickness burn

103) Which type of burn involves the epidermis and dermis but does not affect muscles or bones?

A) first-degree
B) second-degree
C) third-degree
D) full-thickness
E) superficial

104) Which type of burn involves all layers of the skin and often the muscles and bones?

A) superficial
B) second-degree
C) full-thickness
D) partial-thickness
E) first-degree

105) Joanne is in the office today because of a rash that is occurring down one side of her back and thigh. She is obviously in great pain and the rash is beginning to blister in places. Which of the following questions would help the provider make a diagnosis in this case?

A) "How many people live in your home?"
B) "Have you noticed any similar symptoms in other family members?"
C) "Did you have chickenpox when you were a child?"
D) "Have you had any sexual contact in the last 6 months?"
E) "How long has it been since you had a tetanus shot?"

106) Barry has come to the medical office today because he has a small sore on the back of his left forearm that appeared three months ago and has not gone away. The sore is smooth and red and has a slight waxy sheen. Given the appearance of this sore, which of the following skin disorders would the practitioner test for?

A) dermatitis
B) eczema
C) psoriasis
D) basal cell carcinoma
E) herpes simplex

107) The subcutaneous layer of skin, or hypodermis, is largely made of adipose and loose connective tissue and also contains blood vessels and nerves. It is designated by the letter __________ on the figure.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) F

108) Which letter indicates the dermis?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

109) Hair follicles are designated by the letter __________ in the figure.

A) B
B) C
C) D
D) E
E) F

110) Sweat glands, also known as sudoriferous glands, are indicated by the letter __________ in the figure.

A) B
B) C
C) D
D) E
E) F

111) The epidermis is indicated by the letter __________ in the figure of the skin.

A) A
B) C
C) D
D) E
E) F

112) In the figure of the skin, the sebaceous gland is indicated by the letter __________.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E