Chapter 4: Consequences of Victimization

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Criminal acts perpetrated by ______ are more likely to result in injury.

A. strangers

B. nonstrangers

C. young adults

D. older adults

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Physical Consequences

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. The ______ provides us information on the number of deaths attributable to murder and negligent manslaughter.

A. NCVS

B. MMPI

C. UCR

D. GED

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Physical Consequences

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. The majority of homicides that involved a weapon were perpetrated using a ______.

A. gun

B. knife

C. blunt instrument

D. poison

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Physical Consequences

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Three ______ responses to victimization that are common are depression, reductions in self-esteem, and anxiety.

A. destructive

B. cognitive

C. reflective

D. affective

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Psychological Consequences

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Approximately 9% of the general public experiences PTSD, but this percentage increases to ______ of crime victims.

A. 10%

B. 25%

C. 45%

D. 53%

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Which type of self-blame occurs when one believes he can do something to avoid a future victimization?

A. vicarious self-blame

B. recurring self-blame

C. characterological self-blame

D. behavioral self-blame

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Behavioral Reactions

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Victims are said to experience ______ when they feel that responding to victimizations is useless.

A. anxiety

B. revictimization

C. learned helplessness

D. self-blame

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Behavioral Reactions

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. The median dollar amount of loss attributed to crime according to the NCVS was ______.

A. $125

B. $1,000

C. $2,200

D. $5,400

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Economic Costs

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. ______ is not an economic cost associated with criminal victimizations.

A. Transportation of victims to the hospital

B. Prescription drugs

C. Coroner costs

D. Groceries for crime victims’ families

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Medical Care

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. About ______ of mental health–care costs are related to crime.

A. 95–100%

B. 70–80%

C. 45–55%

D. 10–20%

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mental Health Care Costs

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Crime victims may experience losses of productivity in which of the following areas?

A. place of employment

B. housework

C. school

D. all of the above

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Losses in Productivity

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Insurance companies annually pay about ______ on crime-related claims.

A. $10 million

B. $100 million

C. $1 billion

D. $45 billion

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: System Costs

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Some of physical injuries ______.

A. can be temporary and short-lived

B. can be long-lasting or permanent

C. often do not need medical attention

D. can be temporary and short-lived and can be long-lasting or permanent

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Physical Consequences

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. Persons who experience trauma may display ______.

A. physical symptoms

B. psychological symptoms

C. behavioral symptoms

D. all of the above

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Consequences of Victimization

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. In 2015, 21% of murder victims were murdered by a(n) ______.

A. family member

B. stranger

C. acquaintance

D. intimate partner

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Physical Consequences

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. ______ occurs when loved ones of crime victims also suffer the consequences of victimization.

A. Vicarious victimization

B. Risk heterogeneity

C. State dependence

D. Characterological self-blame

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Vicarious Victimization

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. Vicarious victimization may occur when someone is traumatized by ______.

A. seeing a crime occur right in front of them

B. hearing about a crime from a friend

C. watching coverage of violent acts through media

D. reading about violent acts in a true crime book

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Vicarious Victimization

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. ______ is not a reason crime victims choose to report a crime.

A. To protect others

B. To stop the offender

C. To prevent future violence

D. Fear of reprisal

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Reporting

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. ______ is the most common reason victims report for whey they did not report a crime to police.

A. Personal or private matter

B. Prevent future violence

C. Stop the offender

D. Protect others

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Reporting

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. Crime is most likely to be reported when ______.

A. the victim is injured

B. property has been recovered

C. the crime was attempted but did not succeed

D. it is committed against a male

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Reporting

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. According to data from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) in 2016, ______ of violent victimizations resulted in the victim sustaining physical injuries.

A. 9%

B. 19%

C. 29%

D. 39%

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Physical Consequences

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. A larger percentage of ______ were injured than ______ during robbery in 2016.

A. classmates; professionals

B. coworkers; family members

C. friends; strangers

D. females; males

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Physical Consequences

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. Most of the homicides for which the circumstances were known resulted from a(n) ______.

A. argument

B. intimate partner violence

C. robbery

D. carjacking

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Physical Consequences

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. Victimization does appear to be linked to ______.

A. low self-esteem

B. depression

C. anxiety

D. all of these

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Psychological Consequences

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. For PTSD to be diagnosed, symptoms must be experienced for more than ______ and must cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other functional areas.

A. 1 week

B. 1 month

C. 1 year

D. 1 day

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. People tend to respond to trauma, including crime victimization, in the same manner.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Psychological Consequences

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Approximately 16% property crime victims recover any or all of their property.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Direct Property Losses

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Female victims are particularly vulnerable to reductions in self-esteem and self-worth following victimization.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Psychological Consequences

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Pain, suffering, and lost quality of life increase the cost of crime by 10×.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Pain, Suffering, and Lost Quality of Life

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. About the same percentage of violent crime victims and property crime victims lost time from work due to criminal victimizations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Losses in Productivity

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Economic costs can result from reduced quality of life.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Economic Costs

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. The United States spends approximately $214 billion on the criminal justice system alone annually.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: System Costs

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. According to the NCVS, in 2008, 14% of property crimes resulted in economic losses.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Direct Property Losses

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Motor vehicle theft costs about $1,300 per incident.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Direct Property Losses

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Studies of homicide survivors suggest that they experience many of the same effects of victimization as crime victims themselves.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Vicarious Victimization

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Physiological responses are dictated by the brain.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Neurobiology of Trauma

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Self-harm, also referred to as self-injury or cutting, involves the intentional hurting of oneself, usually with a knife, that is not suicidal in nature.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Behavioral Reactions

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Victimization is a public health issue because of the economic costs incurred by both the victim and the public.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Economic Costs

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Crime victims often do not experience tangible losses in terms of having their property damaged or taken.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Direct Property Losses

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. The lifetime medical costs for all victims of firearm injuries totaled $1.7 million.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Medical Care

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Describe one reason crime victims choose to report and one reason they choose not to report.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Reporting

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. How might reporting moderate the consequences of victimization?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Reporting

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. List and describe three of the economic costs associated with victimization.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Economic Costs

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. What is the neurobiology of trauma?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Neurobiology of Trauma

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. What are some examples of behavioral reactions?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Behavioral Reactions

Difficulty Level: Medium