Chapter 2: Extent, Theories, and Factors of Victimization

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Which measure of crime includes only crimes reported to the police?

A. National Crime Victimization Survey

B. Uniform Crime Reports

C. International Crime Victims Survey

D. Monitoring the Future Survey

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Uniform Crime Reports (UCRs)

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Which of the following is not one of the eight Part I index crimes?

A. simple assault

B. murder and nonnegligent manslaughter

C. robbery

D. arson

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Uniform Crime Reports (UCRs)

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Which rule requires that only the most serious of offenses within an incident be reported to the Uniform Crime Reports?

A. homogamy rule

B. Hawthorne rule

C. habeas corpus rule

D. hierarchy rule

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Uniform Crime Reports (UCRs)

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Which database was created to address the flaws in the Uniform Crime Reports?

A. National Crime Victimization Survey

B. Uniform Crime Reports 2

C. Crime in the United States Reporting System

D. National Incident-Based Reporting System

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: National Incident-Based Reporting System

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. The National Crime Victimization Survey records crimes from members of a household aged ______ and up.

A. newborn

B. 5 years

C. 12 years

D. 18 years

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The National Crime Victimization Survey

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. The National Crime Victimization Survey identified which pair of crimes as the most common property and violent crime in 2008?

A. theft and simple assault

B. burglary and simple assault

C. theft and rape/sexual assault

D. burglary and rape/sexual assault

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The National Crime Victimization Survey

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. The Uniform Crime Report (UCR) presents the number of crimes in ______.

A. states

B. cities

C. colleges

D. all of these

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Advantages and Disadvantages

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Most victims are likely to live in what areas?

A. suburbs

B. rural/county

C. small towns

D. urban areas

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Victim and Offender Characteristics

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Which theory of victimization suggests that our daily behaviors influence our vulnerability to victimization?

A. subcultural theory of violence

B. routine activities theory

C. a general theory of crime

D. social process theory

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Routine Activities and Lifestyles Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Which principle suggests that the more one comes into contact with offenders, the more likely he is to be victimized?

A. principle of status quo

B. principle of hierarchy

C. principle of homogamy

D. principle of lex talionis

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Routine Activities and Lifestyles Theory

Difficulty Level: Hard

11. What is the third element in the Routine Activities Theory: Motivated Offender, Suitable Target, and ______?

A. Security Measures

B. Capable Guardianship

C. Protective Actions

D. Victimization Reactors

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Routine Activities and Lifestyles Theory

Difficulty Level: Hard

12. ______ is the name for concentrated areas of crime.

A. Hot spots

B. Crime pockets

C. Red zones

D. Deviant regions

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Neighborhood Context

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. In control-balance theory, it is suggested that when one is out of balance, victimization and deviant behavior can occur. When one has more control than what he is subject to this is called ______.

A. control abundance

B. control surplus

C. control deficit

D. control loss

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Control-Balance Theory

Difficulty Level: Hard

14. Which theory suggests that the more distressed one is the more likely he or she could act in a way to provoke a victimization?

A. control-balance theory

B. subcultural theory of violence

C. a general theory of crime

D. social interactionist perspective

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Social Interactionist Perspective

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. Which theory suggests that someone with low self-control will commit criminal acts, which makes him or her more likely to be victimized?

A. control-balance theory

B. subcultural theory of violence

C. a general theory of crime

D. social interactionist perspective

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The General Theory of Crime

Difficulty Level: Hard

16. Which two characteristics seem to deter people from committing crime and thus reduce likelihood of victimization as well?

A. education and income

B. marriage and employment

C. large family and education

D. strong religious values and marriage

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Age-Graded Theory of Adult Social Bonds

Difficulty Level: Hard

17. What percentage of respondents to the National Crime Victimization Survey suggested that the offenders in their cases were believed to have been under the influence of alcohol?

A. 100%

B. approximately 75%

C. just over 50%

D. slightly over 35%

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Role of Alcohol in Victimization

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. The Uniform Crime Reports represents data from what percent of the population?

A. 100%

B. over 90%

C. 80%

D. under 70%

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Advantages and Disadvantages

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Which answer best represents the typical criminal according to the Uniform Crime Reports?

A. young, Black, male

B. young, White, male

C. young, Hispanic, male

D. young, Asian, male

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Crime as Measured by the UCR

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. The recall period in the National Crime Victimization Survey is ______.

A. 6 months

B. 1 year

C. 24 months

D. lifetime

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The National Crime Victimization Survey

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. The NCVS has several advantages including ______.

A. its estimates of victimization several offenses that are not included in Part I of the UCR

B. it does not measure only crimes reported to the police

C. its two-stage measurement process allows for a more conservative way of estimating the amount of victimization that occurs each year

D. all of these

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The National Crime Victimization Survey

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. What is a limitation of the NCVS?

A. Estimates of crime victimization depend on the ability of respondents to accurately recall what happened to them during the previous 6 months.

B. Its treatment of high frequency repeats victimizations.

C. “Victimless” crimes such as prostitution and drug use are not included in NCVS.

D. all of these

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The National Crime Victimization Survey

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. ______ crimes are less likely to be reported than are violent crimes.

A. White-collar

B. Financial

C. Property

D. Victimless

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Typical Victimization and Victim

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. Strangers perpetrated only about ______ of violent victimizations in the NCVS.

A. one third

B. two third

C. one half

D. three fourth

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Typical Victimization and Victim

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. Females are more likely than males to be victimized by a(n) ______.

A. strangers

B. coworker

C. intimate partner

D. classmate

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Typical Victimization and Victim

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. The Federal Bureau of Investigation administers the National Crime Victimization Survey.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The National Crime Victimization Survey

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Commercial establishments are not included in the National Crime Victimization Survey.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The National Crime Victimization Survey

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Disrespect is a common reason for retaliation according to the subcultural theory of violence.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Explaining the Link Between Victimization and Offending

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Lifestyles theory suggests that when one has a control deficit, he is likely to commit crime.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Control-Balance Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. The UCR presents the number of crimes for areas under tribal law enforcement.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Advantages and Disadvantages

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. If one has weak ties to family, they are less likely to be victimized.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Family

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Larceny-theft is the most common offense overall according to the Uniform Crime Reports.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Crime as Measured by the UCR

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Females are most likely to be victimized overall.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Typical Victimization and Victim

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. National victimization studies are similar to international victimization studies in that they, too, utilize representative random samples.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Measurement and Extent of Victimization Across the Globe

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. The typical victim and the typical offender are extremely different from one another.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Victim and Offender Characteristics

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Individuals who engage in offending are exposed more frequently to people and contexts in which victimization is likely to occur.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Explaining the Link Between Victimization and Offending

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. The reasons why victimization may lead to participation in crime is fully understood.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Explaining the Link Between Victimization and Offending

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. The same influences on offending may also affect victimization.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Explaining the Link Between Victimization and Offending

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. Insomuch as a person’s routine activities bring him or her into contact with motivated offenders, crime victimization risk abounds.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Routine Activities and Lifestyles Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. Those individuals deemed to be suitable targets based on their attractiveness would not be chosen by offenders.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Routine Activities and Lifestyles Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. Name one advantage and one disadvantage of the National Crime Victimization Survey?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Measuring Victimization

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. What are the three elements of the routine activities theory? Give an example of a situation that could lead to victimization.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Routine Activities and Lifestyles Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. What is the Gene × Environment interaction?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Genes and Victimization

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Explain the principle of homogamy.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Routine Activities and Lifestyles Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. How does exposure to delinquent peers increase victimization?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Exposure to Delinquent Peers

Difficulty Level: Medium