Chapter 5: Recurring Victimization

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Which type of victimization suggests that a person has been a victim of the same crime more than once?

A. recurring victimization

B. repeat victimization

C. revictimization

D. vicarious victimization

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Types of Recurring Victimization

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. ______ suggests that recurring victimization occurs because of the quality or character of a victim.

A. Vicarious victimization

B. Risk heterogeneity

C. State dependence

D. Characterological self-blame

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Theoretical Explanations of Recurring Victimization

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. According to the ______ theoretical explanation of recurring victimization, the way the victim and offender act during and after the victimization will determine whether another victimization occurs.

A. vicarious victimization

B. risk heterogeneity

C. state dependence

D. characterological self-blame

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Theoretical Explanations of Recurring Victimization

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Which type of victimization suggests that a person has been a victim of any type of crime more than once?

A. recurring victimization

B. repeat victimization

C. revictimization

D. vicarious victimization

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Types of Recurring Victimization

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Which type of victimization suggests that a crime will occur within a close proximity of where another crime occurred?

A. delayed victimization

B. near-repeat victimization

C. revictimization

D. vicarious victimization

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Types of Recurring Victimization

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Intimate partner violence, rape, ______, and property victimizations are all at high risk of recurring victimization.

A. robbery

B. arson

C. motor vehicle theft

D. assault

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Extent of Recurring Victimization

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. The National Violence Against Women Study found that women who experienced childhood sexual abuse were ______ times more likely to be a victim of a sex crime by her partner as an adult.

A. 2

B. 3

C. 6

D. 8

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Extent of Recurring Victimization

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. In general, most recurring victimizations occur within ______.

A. 1 year

B. 3 months

C. 1 week

D. 1 month

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Time-Course of Recurring Victimization

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Residential burglary near repeats tended to occur within ______.

A. 1 week

B. 2 months

C. 1 year

D. 6 months

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Time-Course of Recurring Victimization

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Which of the following options is not a type of demographic characteristic risk factor for recurring victimization?

A. low SES for personal crime

B. low SES for property crime

C. young

D. single, separated, divorced

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Individual-Level Risk Factors

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. One is at higher risk of recurring victimization if he is a victim of crime and ______.

A. abstains from alcohol use

B. does not experience PTSD

C. stays at home at night

D. has the seven-repeat allele of the DRD4 gene

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Individual-Level Risk Factors

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Neighborhood-level risk factors that increase the likelihood of recurring victimization include all except which of the following?

A. cohesive neighborhood

B. neighborhoods with many single-parent households

C. urban setting

D. dangerousness

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Neighborhood or Household-Level Risk Factors

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Household-level risk factors that increase the likelihood of recurring victimization include all except which of the following?

A. low-income household

B. large numbers of children in the family

C. two or more adults in the home

D. only one car for the household

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Neighborhood or Household-Level Risk Factors

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. The “flag” theoretical explanation of recurring victimization is consistent with which theory?

A. routine activities

B. life course

C. risk heterogeneity

D. state dependence

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Theoretical Explanations of Recurring Victimization

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. Some research suggests that poly-victimizations can cause greater levels of ______ in victims when compared to victims of a single incident.

A. anger

B. pride

C. suicidal ideation

D. distress

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Consequences of Recurring Victimization

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. Studies in which country have found reductions in repeat burglaries due to efforts by law enforcement?

A. England

B. France

C. United States

D. Canada

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prevention

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. Prevention advice was given to victims of burglaries in the United States, whereas ______ were/was given to assist victims in England, which seemed to decrease repeat incidents of burglary.

A. alarm systems

B. funding

C. increased security by police

D. weapons

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prevention

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. For victims of sex crimes, which type of programs seemed to increase the likelihood that a victim would be able to reduce subsequent sexual victimizations?

A. self-defense only

B. empowerment

C. self-help

D. risk recognition

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prevention

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. ______ type of a program is one in which a police officer and victim advocate will revisit an intimate partner violence victim to provide her or him with information on social and legal programs to assist her or him.

A. Follow-up

B. Victim response

C. Crime prevention

D. Second responder

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prevention

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. Of the households that had called the police for domestic violence once, ______ had done so again within 5 weeks

A. 25%

B. 35%

C. 15%

D. 10%

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Time-Course of Recurring Victimization

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. ______ is a term that is generally used for childhood recurring victimization, when a person has experienced multiple forms of victimization.

A. Poly-victimization

B. Recurring victimization

C. Repeat victimization

D. Revictimization

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Types of Recurring Victimization

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. Findings from the National Violence Against Women Survey shows that female victims of intimate partner physical assault reported being assaulted on average ______ times by the same partner.

A. 5.9

B. 6.9

C. 7.9

D. 10

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Extent of Recurring Victimization

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. There is a strong correlation between sexual victimization in ______ and sexual victimization later in life.

A. elder years

B. adulthood

C. childhood

D. adolescents

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Extent of Recurring Victimization

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. One recent study revealed that genetic factors account for ______ of the variance in repeat victimization.

A. 44%

B. 54%

C. 64%

D. 74%

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Individual-Level Risk Factors

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. Turanovic and Pratt (2014) found that victims with ______ are less likely than others to change their risky behaviors than those with higher levels.

A. low levels of anxiety

B. low levels of depression

C. low levels of anger

D. low self-control

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Theoretical Explanations of Recurring Victimization

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. People who have been victimized once are more likely to be victimized than those who have never been a victim of a crime.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Extent of Recurring Victimization

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Revictimization is when a person or place has been victimized more than once over a long time span.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Types of Recurring Victimization

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. According to the 2004 General Social Survey on Victimization in Canada, 45% of victims reported more than one incident in a single year.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Extent of Recurring Victimization

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. According to the British Crime Survey, over a 10-year period of time, 20% of victims experienced 68% of all thefts that occurred.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Extent of Recurring Victimization

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. In general, recurring victimization happens quite slowly.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Time-Course of Recurring Victimization

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Participating in dangerous activities has been linked to repeat victimization for adults.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Individual-Level Risk Factors

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. The “boost” explanation of recurring victimization suggests that the reaction of the victim and offender during and after the victimization will influence subsequent victimizations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Theoretical Explanations of Recurring Victimization

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. A victim of recurring victimizations can develop poor health habits due to the victimizations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Consequences of Recurring Victimization

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. According to the compounding vulnerability argument, those with the low levels of underlying propensity for victimization will be at risk for future victimization because of state dependence processes.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Theoretical Explanations of Recurring Victimization

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Victimization salience perspective state dependence processes will be most salient among those with the lowest underlying risks.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Theoretical Explanations of Recurring Victimization

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. According to the negative state dependence perspective, victimization event would serve to reduce victimization risk because a person would become more aware of his or her risk and would take steps to reduce the chances of being victimized in the future.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Theoretical Explanations of Recurring Victimization

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. The National Violence Against Women Survey found support for the link between experiencing more than one victimization and worse outcomes.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Consequences of Recurring Victimization

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. The majority of sexual recurring victimization prevention programs have been delivered to high school students.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prevention

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. Although most people and households in a given year are not victimized at all, some experience more than one victimization.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Extent of Recurring Victimization

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. Recurring victims also experience a disproportionate share of all victimization events.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Extent of Recurring Victimization

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. What is the difference between repeat victimization and near-repeat victimization?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Types of Recurring Victimization

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. What does it mean to say that a disproportionate amount of victims experience the vast majority of crime?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Extent of Recurring Victimization

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. What is the difference between the “flag” and “boost” explanations for recurring victimization?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Theoretical Explanations of Recurring Victimization

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. What are some neighborhood- or household-level risk factors that may increase repeat victimization?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Neighborhood or Household-Level Risk Factors

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. What are some individual-level risk factors that increase repeat victimization?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Individual-Level Risk Factors

Difficulty Level: Medium