Burek Chapter 1 Test Bank Questions Verified Test Bank

Chapter 1 Test Bank Questions

Define the following terms:

1. campus model
2. close security
3. courtyard design
4. detention centers
5. direct supervision
6. Federal Correctional Institutions
7. Federal Prison Camps
8. intermittent surveillance
9. jails
10. maximum security prison
11. medium security
12. minimum security prison
13. modular design
14. new-generation jails
15. radial design
16. Residential Reentry Centers
17. Sentencing Reform Act or 1984
18. skyscraper design
19. super-max prison
20. telephone pole design
21. Three Penitentiary Act
22. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Agency
23. U.S. Penitentiaries
24. There is no one system of corrections.
    1. True
    2. False
25. Which if the following is not true regarding judges’ discretion in departing from legislated sentencing guidelines?
    1. Judges can lessen the length of offenders’ sentences based on their age.
    2. Judges can take into consideration offenders’ cooperation with law enforcement and the court when determining sentence length.
    3. Judges can take into account the degree of remorse expressed by offenders to increase their sanction.
    4. Judges are not allowed to deviate from the sentencing guidelines mandated in their jurisdiction under any circumstance.
26. Which of the following statements are true regarding jails?
    1. They are typically operated at the county level.
    2. They serve the needs of the local towns and cities in their jurisdiction.
    3. They are only for adults who have been sentenced.
    4. a and b are true
    5. a, b, and c are true
27. County probation officers supervise fewer individuals in the community than are supervised in the local jail.
    1. True
    2. False
28. How is the county jail the “cell of last resort?”
    1. It exists as a holding cell for persons waiting to be executed after they are brought in from state/federal prisons.
    2. It can act as a holding space for convicted offenders awaiting to serve out their sentence until space opens up in state/federal prisons.
    3. It can serve as a place for convicted offenders to serve their sentence on weekends.
    4. It allows for offenders to serve out work-release sentences so that they can keep their jobs.
29. Juvenile offenses under the criminal code are almost always heard in local courts, but punishment levels can be elevated to a higher level of correction for serious offenses.
    1. True
    2. False
30. What is the average length of stay for persons in jail?
    1. 12 days
    2. 23 days
    3. 40 days
    4. 67 days
31. Jails and detention centers are facilities designed to hold a variety of offenders for a relatively brief period of time, usually for less than one year.
    1. True
    2. False
32. What component of the criminal justice system is the Sheriff’s Office representing when deputies serves as guards and maintains the jail?
    1. Police
    2. Courts
    3. Corrections
33. Jails can be affected by all of the following except?
    1. Overcrowding
    2. Lack of resources
    3. Local politics
    4. Safety challenges
    5. All of the above
34. New-generation jails are characterized by all but which of the following?
    1. Fewer inmates in separate pods
    2. Restricted access from area to area
    3. Less staff-inmate contact
    4. All activity taking place in one pod
35. According to the text, most jails offer which of the following to mentally ill offenders?
    1. Initial mental health screening assessments
    2. Psychotropic medications
    3. Treatment for mental illness
    4. a and b only
    5. a, b, and c

Consider the following prison designs:

a. radial b. telephone

c. courtyard d. campus

1. In this design, inmates and staff can move across the open spaces outside as they go from the housing units to other functional areas such as the dining hall or recreation center, which are typically located at the entry of the yard.
   1. a
   2. b
   3. c
   4. d
2. In this design, correctional staff can monitor inmates’ movements from a central hub. If there is a disturbance in one area, it can be closed off from the rest of the institution. Penitentiaries in the early 19^th century mostly followed this design and new prisons will rarely be built on this platform.
   1. a
   2. b
   3. c
   4. d
3. One advantage of this design is that inmates can be housed according to classification levels where inmates with special needs, those who present a greater security risk, or those whose conduct earned them extra privileges can be separated from one another. A large central corridor serves as a means for inmates and staff to traverse from one location in the prison to another.
   1. a
   2. b
   3. c
   4. d
4. If we wanted to build a prison that allows mostly for surveillance of inmates to ensure order and control, which of the designs would be most appropriate?
5. Design a
6. Designs a and b
7. Design b
8. Designs b and c
9. Design c
10. This design allows for a more humane environment with more flexible use and fewer restrictions in movement to and from the buildings where small housing units are located among the functional areas of the prison and are most commonly used for juveniles and females.
    1. a
    2. b
    3. c
    4. d
11. In Rupert’s letter home to his family, he describes the state prison where he is housed: “Good news. Despite my conviction for assault, my classification for risk of escape is low, so I will be housed in a facility that is surrounded by chain link fences and barbed wire, but I still have considerable freedom to move around the facility to attend work assignments and programming activities.” Where is Rupert housed?
    1. Minimum security prison
    2. Medium security prison
    3. Maximum security prison
    4. Close security prison
12. Rupert’s brother Schubert is also in prison, but he describes his prison like this: “Unlike Rupert, I do not see any fences or barbed wires around the perimeter of my facility. It pretty much looks like a typical, large residence hall on a college campus with some other buildings in the immediate vicinity. I can pretty much do what I please as long as I follow the rules and not cause any trouble. Plus, there are so many programs in which I can participate and my family can visit me regularly.” Where is Schubert?
13. Minimum security prison
14. Medium security prison
15. Maximum security prison
16. Close security prison
17. Prior to the Three Penitentiary Act, federal prisoners were housed in state prisons.
    1. True
    2. False
18. What piece of federal legislation eliminated parole and set tougher sentencing guidelines that mandated imprisonment in many cases?
    1. Three Penitentiary Act of 1891
    2. Sentencing Reform Act of 1984
    3. Mandatory Prison Sentence Act of 1988
    4. Imprisonment Guidelines Act of 1895
19. Which of the following offenses would an offender have to commit to serve time in a federal prison?
    1. Transporting a stolen car across state lines
    2. Vandalism of a playground
    3. Bank robbery
    4. a and b
    5. a and c
20. What are high security institutions known as in the federal system?
    1. Federal Correctional Institutions
    2. U.S. Penitentiaries
    3. Federal Prison Camps
    4. U.S. Administrative Facilities
21. As noted in the text, what other federal agency incarcerates prisoners?
    1. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Agency
    2. U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration
    3. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
    4. U.S. Department of State
22. During the 20^th century, the funding and operation of most American prisons has primarily been the responsibility of the private sector.
    1. True
    2. False

Short-Answer Questions

1. Describe three different populations under custody in county jails.
2. What is one function of jails?
3. What is one advantage of a new generation jail?
4. How does the Sheriff’s office the only institution to serve all three components of the criminal justice system?
5. What are two benefits of regional correctional centers?
6. Describe one of the two prison designs that have emerged since the 1980s.
7. Beyond prisons, what other facilities does the Federal Bureau of Prisons operate?
8. Describe the relationship with private for-profit businesses and American correctional systems post-1980s.