Test Bank Political Geography Key Full Test Bank Chapter 08

Chapter 08 Test Bank: Political Geography Key

1. Redistricting is an attempt to

A. draw boundaries so that each voting district has an equal number of voters.
B. adjust boundaries of racially segregated school systems.
C. end the overrepresentation of metropolitan districts in state legislatures.
D. establish electoral districts that have roughly equal areas.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.03 Local and Regional Political Organization
Topic: Local and Regional Political Organizations

2. As the term is used by geographers, in contrast to a state, a nation

A. is a political entity independent of any form of outside control over its domestic or foreign policy.
B. is a cultural concept implying a group of people occupying a particular territory and unified by shared beliefs.
C. is a territorial unit established by international agreement or military force.
D. implies only a segment of the earth's surface containing a permanent population speaking the same language.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Foundation of the National Political Systems

3. The Rio Grande, which forms part of the boundary between Mexico and the United States, is an example of

A. an artificial boundary.
B. a water divide.
C. a relic boundary.
D. a natural boundary.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: State Boundaries and Conflicts

4. The Law of the Sea Convention contains provisions for all of the following EXCEPT

A. a 12-nautical mile limit for territorial waters over which states can exercise sovereignty.
B. freedom of the high seas.
C. 100-nautical mile exclusive economic zones.
D. recognition of the deep seabed and its resources as the "common heritage of mankind."

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.02 Cooperation Among States
Topic: Cooperation Among States

5. An example of gerrymandering would be establishing

A. separate-but-equal attendance districts.
B. taxing bodies and districts based upon differential storm drainage and sewage problems.
C. voting districts drawn to give one political party an unfair legislative advantage.
D. central city and suburban municipal boundaries.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.03 Local and Regional Political Organization
Topic: Local and Regional Political Organizations

6. The "Arab Nation" is an example of a

A. stateless nation.
B. nation-state.
C. part-nation state.
D. binational state.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Foundation of the National Political Systems

7. Which of the following is NOT a consequence of general acceptance of the Law of the Sea Convention?

A. Islands have become more significant.
B. Many countries have a host of new neighbors.
C. The EEZ lines result in overlapping claims.
D. Companies have been licensed to exploit seabed resources.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.02 Cooperation Among States
Topic: Cooperation Among States

8. International economic alliances

A. tend to be formed among widely separated countries with different but complementary resources.
B. almost invariably result from previously arranged military or defense alliances.
C. formed in one world region frequently stimulate the creation of countering alliances.
D. represent a significant surrender of national autonomy to "superstates" remote from local control.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.02 Cooperation Among States
Topic: Cooperation Among States

9. Switzerland is an example of a

A. stateless nation.
B. nation-state.
C. part-nation state.
D. multinational state.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Foundation of the National Political Systems

10. The establishment of political boundaries in Africa by European imperial powers during the 19^th century

A. was the result of military conflict between the colonizing countries.
B. was the result of adjudication by the International Court of Justice.
C. reflected pre-colonial patterns of tribal territorial control.
D. resulted in distinctive cultural groups being divided among different states.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Modern State: Evolution and Challenges

11. Capital cities have been moved for all of the following reasons EXCEPT to

A. break away from a colonial heritage.
B. achieve the presumed advantages of a less centralized location.
C. demonstrate the government's commitment to develop all parts of the country.
D. signal the state's interest in extending its influence in a disputed region.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Geographic Characteristics of States

12. The Palestinians are an example of a

A. stateless nation.
B. state.
C. nation-state.
D. part-nation-state.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Foundation of the National Political Systems

13. All of the following statements about the European Union are true EXCEPT that it

A. has not grown in size since its original creation.
B. had several forerunners.
C. has established a free-trade zone over much of Western Europe.
D. contains countries whose economies complement one another.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.02 Cooperation Among States
Topic: Cooperation Among States

14. The number of independent states worldwide is

A. 50.
B. 167.
C. nearly 200.
D. about 450.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Modern State: Evolution and Challenges

15. A nation-state is a country

A. whose territory is politically subdivided among two or more distinct ethnic groups.
B. whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a nation.
C. that in foreign affairs is under the control of another power.
D. that has a federal form of representative government.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Foundation of the National Political Systems

16. An identification with the state and an acceptance of national goals is called

A. regionalism.
B. nationalism.
C. iconography.
D. ethnocentrism.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: The Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces that Characterize a State

17. Since World War II, coastal states have extended their seaward territorial claims

A. to control the exploitation of offshore fishing and mineral resources.
B. because of world tensions and fear of naval attack.
C. because of the desire to establish reliable shipping lanes between landmasses.
D. to restrict offshore sources of marine pollution and to prohibit the flow of illegal drugs.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.02 Cooperation Among States
Topic: Cooperation Among States

18. Which of the following is NOT a region in Western Europe seeking autonomy?

A. Scotland
B. Basque Country
C. Corsica
D. England

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: The Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces that Characterize a State

19. The two preconditions common to all separatist movements are

A. an independent resource base and significant political power.
B. a distinctive common language and a state church.
C. a militant rejection of outside domination and economic inequality.
D. a unifying cultural heritage and a national homeland territory.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Modern State: Evolution and Challenges

20. A consequent or ethnographic boundary

A. coincides with some cultural divide, such as religion or language.
B. is based on a recognizable physiographic feature.
C. typically follows a line of latitude or longitude.
D. is drawn across an area before it is settled.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: State Boundaries and Conflicts

21. According to the Law of the Sea Convention, within its exclusive economic zone, a state

A. must provide for energy resource exploitation by "geographically disadvantaged" countries.
B. has fishing rights but only limited access to nonliving resources.
C. may claim exclusive sovereignty.
D. will have exclusive rights to fish and to extract minerals.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.02 Cooperation Among States
Topic: Cooperation Among States

22. India's claims to Jammu and Kashmir based on the presence of Hindus, and Pakistan's claim to the same territory based on the presence of Muslims, are both examples of

A. a functional conflict.
B. autonomous nationalism.
C. irredentism.
D. a resource dispute.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: State Boundaries and Conflicts

23. South Africa is an example of a(an) _______________ state.

A. fragmented
B. elongated
C. compact
D. perforated

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Geographic Characteristics of States

24. Chile is an example of a(an) _______________ state.

A. prorupt
B. elongated
C. compact
D. perforated

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Geographic Characteristics of States

25. The dissolution of European empires in this century is noteworthy for all of the following reasons EXCEPT the

A. speed with which empires dissolved after World War II.
B. fact that the European powers relinquished their control peacefully.
C. fact that former colonies have become independent states.
D. fact that former colonies covered large parts of the globe.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Modern State: Evolution and Challenges

26. The Philippines is an example of a(an) _______________ state.

A. fragmented
B. elongated
C. compact
D. perforated

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Geographic Characteristics of States

27. All of the following statements about the development of the nation-state are true EXCEPT that

A. it is based on the concept that people owe allegiance to the state's leader.
B. the idea of the modern state was developed in the 18^th century.
C. the state has become the typical system of government for nearly the entire world.
D. the state claims sovereignty within its borders.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Foundation of the National Political Systems

28. All of the following usually help promote unity and national stability EXCEPT

A. cultural and language diversity.
B. schools.
C. a state church.
D. armed forces.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Foundation of the National Political Systems

29. All of the following statements about the United Nations are true EXCEPT that it

A. sponsors a variety of programs and agencies.
B. requires its members to surrender a certain degree of sovereignty.
C. is stronger than its predecessor, the League of Nations.
D. has no authority over the military forces of individual countries.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.02 Cooperation Among States
Topic: Cooperation Among States

30. The decentralization of political control is known as

A. complementarity.
B. devolution.
C. geopolitics.
D. reapportionment.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: The Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces that Characterize a State

31. The Kurds are an example of a

A. stateless nation.
B. nation-state.
C. part-nation state.
D. binational state.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: State Boundaries and Conflicts

32. The Arab World is described as

A. a single nation comprising numerous states.
B. a single state comprising numerous nations.
C. numerous colonies and protectorates of the United States, Britain, and France.
D. unorganized territories dominated by the United States, Britain, and France.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Foundation of the National Political Systems

33. Countries where women hold 25% or more of the seats in the legislature include all of the following except

A. Cuba.
B. South Africa.
C. Sweden.
D. the United States.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: The Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces that Characterize a State

34. Antarctica is not a state because

A. it lacks an established government and permanent population.
B. seven countries claim sovereignty over portions of it.
C. of the Antarctic Protocol of 1861.
D. it is not a nation.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Foundation of the National Political Systems

35. Before 1988, the Soviet Union was an example of a

A. single nation and single state.
B. part nation state.
C. multinational state.
D. stateless nation.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Foundation of the National Political Systems

36. Countries such as Poland and Uruguay, which are almost round in shape, are described as

A. attenuated.
B. enclaved.
C. buffered.
D. compact.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Geographic Characteristics of States

37. Which one of the following associations is correct?

A. South Africa-elongated
B. Philippines-fragmented
C. Thailand-compact
D. Norway-perforated

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Geographic Characteristics of States

38. A country whose population is not bound by a shared sense of nationalism but is split by several local primary allegiances suffers from

A. irredentism.
B. gerrymandering.
C. proruption.
D. subnationalism.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: The Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces that Characterize a State

39. Which is the best example of a subsequent superimposed boundary?

A. the border between Ireland and Northern Ireland
B. the western portion of the United States-Canada border
C. the borders of former British colonies in Africa
D. the border between India and Pakistan

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: State Boundaries and Conflicts

40. The original nucleus of a state that contains the capital city and area of densest population is called the

A. domain.
B. primary area.
C. core area.
D. tributary area.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Geographic Characteristics of States

41. Countries in which the capital is also the primary city include

A. the United States and Canada.
B. Great Britain and France.
C. Pakistan and Turkey.
D. Australia and Brazil.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Foundation of the National Political Systems
Topic: Geographic Characteristics of States

42. The western portion of the boundary between the United States and Canada is classified as

A. a water divide.
B. an artificial boundary.
C. a natural boundary.
D. a disputed boundary.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: State Boundaries and Conflicts

43. The western portion of the boundary between the United States and Canada is classified as

A. a superimposed boundary.
B. an ethnographic boundary.
C. a subsequent boundary.
D. an antecedent boundary.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: State Boundaries and Conflicts

44. Regional alliances of countries such as the Organization of American States involve

A. one country dominating a group of countries.
B. the use of military force in order to establish control.
C. mutual cooperation between a group of countries.
D. attempts at world domination by a group of countries.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.02 Cooperation Among States
Topic: Cooperation Among States

45. The organization of countries that has taken the most extensive measures toward European unity is the

A. North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
B. European Union.
C. European Free Trade Association.
D. European Coal and Steel Community.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.02 Cooperation Among States
Topic: Cooperation Among States

46. The maximum extent of a coastal state's exclusive economic zone according to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea is

A. 3 nautical miles.
B. 12 nautical miles.
C. 24 nautical miles.
D. 200 nautical miles.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.02 Cooperation Among States
Topic: Cooperation Among States

47. Which one of the following is an extreme manifestation of centrifugal forces within a state?

A. civil war
B. famine
C. extreme nationalism
D. federalism

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: The Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces that Characterize a State

48. The world's largest state in terms of territorial extent is ______.

A. the United States
B. China
C. Russia
D. Canada

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Geographic Characteristics of States

49. Thailand is an example of a(n) ___________ state.

A. compact
B. prorupt
C. elongated
D. fragmented

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Geographic Characteristics of States

50. Environmental justice is

A. the fair treatment of all people so that no group bears a disproportionate burden of environmental pollution.
B. the practice in which polluting facilities are located where there is the least political resistance.
C. the concept that the needs of all living organisms and ecosystems be equally respected.
D. the doctrine that no country should be allowed to export wastes to another.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.03 Local and Regional Political Organization
Topic: Local and Regional Political Organizations

51. The abandoned castles dotting the former frontier zone between Wales and England are examples of a/an ______________ boundary.

A. relic
B. superimposed
C. antecedent
D. natural

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: State Boundaries and Conflicts

52. The Euro is the single currency of

A. Canada
B. Great Britain
C. Portugal
D. Turkey

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Cooperation Among States

53. The most recent newly independent state is

A. Kenya
B. Egypt
C. Zimbabwe
D. South Sudan

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.02 Cooperation Among States
Topic: State Boundaries and Conflicts

54. Asymmetric federalism allows

A. Regional monetary policy
B. Regional foreign policy
C. Autonomous regions
D. Diffused defense systems

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Geographic Characteristics of States

55. The legislatures of most Western democracies are significantly unbalanced in favor of women.

FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: The Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces that Characterize a State

56. The number of independent states worldwide is shrinking with globalization.

FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Modern State: Evolution and Challenges

57. Groups seeking regional autonomy or independence frequently have peripheral locations within the state.

TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Geographic Characteristics of States

58. Political integration within states is fostered by the development of internal transportation systems.
TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: The Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces that Characterize a State

59. T. E. Lawrence's proposed map of the Middle East was used as a blueprint for establishing the political boundaries in use today.

FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Foundation of the National Political Systems

60. Because Antarctica has a recognized territorial extent, it must be considered a state.

FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Foundation of the National Political Systems

61. The most threatening centrifugal force in Canadian politics has been the large size of the country.

FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: The Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces that Characterize a State

62. The period of most rapid increase in the establishment of sovereign states came after World War II.

TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Modern State: Evolution and Challenges

63. The location of electoral district boundaries can influence the outcome of elections.

TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.03 Local and Regional Political Organization
Topic: Local and Regional Political Organizations

64. Great Britain has not experienced the phenomenon of regions seeking autonomy.

FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: The Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces that Characterize a State

65. The 40 ministates, defined by less than one million population, are not allowed voting rights within the United Nations General Assembly.

FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Geographic Characteristics of States

66. What is the term used by political geographers to refer to a country whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a group of people with a strong political identity?

nation-state

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: manual
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Foundation of the National Political Systems

67. What is the relationship between sporting events and national identity?

Answers will vary

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze
Gradable: manual
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Foundation of the National Political Systems

68. What is the portion of the oceans in which all countries have the right to sail ships, fish, fly over, and engage in scientific research?

High seas

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: manual
Section: 08.02 Cooperation Among States
Topic: Cooperation Among States

69. What is the most universal of the world organizations of countries?

United Nations

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: manual
Section: 08.02 Cooperation Among States
Topic: Cooperation Among States

70. Why do the boundaries of electoral districts in the United States have to be redrawn periodically?

Redistricting is mandated by the U.S. Constitution to redistribute the seats in the U.S. House of Representatives

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: manual
Section: 08.03 Local and Regional Political Organization
Topic: Local and Regional Political Organizations

71. NATO, NAFTA, and the European Union are all examples of

supranatural organizations

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: manual
Section: 08.02 Cooperation Among States
Topic: Cooperation Among States

72. How do transportation and communication networks promote state cohesion?

A transport network fosters interaction between areas, uniting people socially and economically, and linking urban and rural areas. It promotes economic development, opens new areas for settlement, permits central government control over outlying regions, and aids in military defense against outside attacks.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: manual
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: The Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces that Characterize a State

73. Describe the characteristics of ethnic separatist movements. Support your answer by reference to specific areas and movements.

Separatist movements must have (1) a core region claimed as homeland and (2) shared cultural characteristics (e.g., religion, language) that unify the group and form a basis for its feeling of distinctiveness. Other traits are peripheral location, social and/or economic inequality, and a view of the group as exploited. Students may cite a variety of areas and movements.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: manual
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: State Boundaries and Conflicts

74. Discuss the potential sources of conflicts along boundaries that a hypothetical state might experience.

Answers will vary.

Bloom's Level: 6. Create
Gradable: manual
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: State Boundaries and Conflicts

75. Compare and contrast the acts and intents of redistricting and gerrymandering.

Supreme Court in Baker v. Carr ("one person, one vote") held that electoral districts should have roughly equal numbers of voters, making frequent reapportionment (district boundary change) necessary. Gerrymandering is the division of an area into voting districts so as to give one political party an unfair advantage in elections. Both deal with the delimitation of voting districts, but their purposes are completely different.

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze
Gradable: manual
Section: 08.03 Local and Regional Political Organization
Topic: Local and Regional Political Organizations

76. Discuss the problems created by the fragmentation of political power in metropolitan areas. What different problems are created

by the reduction of such fragmentation?

Citizens cannot understand all the governmental units that represent them. In large cities, fragmentation of control causes inefficiency, duplication, and hinders orderly use of space. Consolidation of control removes decision making further from citizens and increases feelings of alienation from government.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: manual
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Local and Regional Political Organizations

77. Name three centripetal forces which affect the cohesiveness of a state and indicate one country which seems to exemplify each of the forces.

Answers will vary.

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: manual
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: The Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces that Characterize a State

78. Why don't the political boundaries in Africa correspond with the ethnic group boundaries?

Most political boundaries in Africa are superimposed subsequent boundaries. The boundaries were drawn by European powers based on their own economic and political interests, nearly always ignoring existing cultural boundaries based on language, religion, or ethnicity.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: manual
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Geographic Characteristics of States

79. Give three examples of regional economic alliances from three continents.

Answers will vary.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: manual
Section: 08.02 Cooperation Among States
Topic: Cooperation Among States

80. What is a forward thrust capital? Give examples and explain the reasons for their selection.

Answers will vary.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: manual
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Geographic Characteristics of States

81. Explain the concepts of environmental justice and environmental racism and give an example of the latter.

Answers will vary.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: manual
Section: 08.03 Local and Regional Political Organization
Topic: Local and Regional Political Organizations

82. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of natural boundaries and artificial boundaries.

Answers will vary.

Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate
Gradable: manual
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: State Boundaries and Conflicts

83. What is irredentism? Explain specific cases.

Answers will vary.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: manual
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: State Boundaries and Conflicts

84. Explain why the number of independent states worldwide is changing.

The number of separatist movements has grown, especially after the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe, and many movements have succeeded in establishing newly independent states.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: manual
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Modern State: Evolution and Challenges

85. Identify the five economic, cultural, or political forces that are challenging the integrity of the state.

Globalization, supranationalism, emergence of nongovernmental organizations, international migration, and devolutionary forces or separatist movements

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: manual
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: The Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces that Characterize a State

86. Countries comprised mostly or exclusively of islands are classified by political geographers as

A. compact.
B. fragmented.
C. elongated.
D. prorupt.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Geographic Characteristics of States

87. The fact that Illinois has over 6,000 local government units ranging from counties to special purpose sewer districts is an example of

A. political fragmentation.
B. metro-government.
C. gerrymandering.
D. proportional representation.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.03 Local and Regional Political Organization
Topic: Local and Regional Political Organizations

88. The 49th parallel separating Canada from the United States across much of western North America is classified as what type of boundary?

A. Artificial or geometric
B. Ethnographic
C. Natural
D. Subsequent

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: State Boundaries and Conflicts

89. With respect to regional alliances

A. in the developing world they tend to be formed among countries which share the same former colonial master.
B. their formation often stimulates the creation of alliances by countries left out of another alliance.
C. there is no tendency for them to be contiguous to each other.
D. they almost always occur among countries with homogeneous economies.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.02 Cooperation Among States
Topic: Cooperation Among States

90. An example of a part-nation state is the

A. Arab nation.
B. Basque nation.
C. Kurds.
D. Ukrainians.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Foundation of the National Political Systems

91. Exclusive economic zones recognized under the Law of the Sea Convention extend outward from coasts by

A. 200 meters.
B. 200 miles.
C. 200 kilometers.
D. 200 nautical miles.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.02 Cooperation Among States
Topic: Cooperation Among States

92. Which world region has the largest number of countries with women occupying more than 25 percent of their country's legislative seats?

A. Africa
B. Latin America
C. Europe
D. Asia

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: The Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces that Characterize a State

93. The world's largest and richest block of countries comprise which economic alliance?

A. Council of Mutual Economic Assistance
B. European Union
C. European Free Trade Association
D. South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.02 Cooperation Among States
Topic: Cooperation Among States

94. Vatican City, which perforates Italy, is an example of an

A. elongated state.
B. autonomous Russian Republic.
C. enclave.
D. antecedent boundary.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Geographic Characteristics of States

95. With a peninsular extension of its land area, Thailand is an example of what state shape?

A. Prorupt
B. Compact
C. Elongated
D. Perforated

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Geographic Characteristics of States

96. Which group of people is an example of a stateless nation?

A. Kurds
B. Iraqis
C. Irish
D. Cambodians

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Foundation of the National Political Systems

97. The primary objective of local zoning ordinances in municipalities is to

A. eliminate political fragmentation.
B. allow citizen participation in deciding how land may be used.
C. foster cooperation among many governmental units in small areas.
D. prevent the proliferation of special purpose governmental districts.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.03 Local and Regional Political Organization
Topic: Local and Regional Political Organizations

98. The Spanish territorial outliers of Ceuta and Melilla are examples of

A. enclaves.
B. ministates.
C. exclaves.
D. stateless nations.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Geographic Characteristics of States

99. The least efficient shape for the management of a state is

A. compact.
B. elongated.
C. fragmented.
D. prorupt.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Geographic Characteristics of States

100. Singapore has become an important center for world shipping and commerce due to its

A. absolute location.
B. relative location.
C. size.
D. shape.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Geographic Characteristics of States

101. Which of the following is not considered to be a centripetal force in preserving state cohesiveness?

A. United Nations membership
B. Nationalism
C. Systems of transportation and communication
D. Effective organization and administration of government

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: The Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces that Characterize a State

102. Which of these countries does not currently have a political movement seeking a degree of self-rule?

A. Spain
B. France
C. Belgium
D. Germany

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: The Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces that Characterize a State

103. Territorial seas under the Law of the Sea extend out to

A. 12 nautical miles.
B. 24 nautical miles.
C. 200 nautical miles.
D. 350 nautical miles.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.02 Cooperation Among States
Topic: Cooperation Among States

104. A capital city spatially associated with its core region, is commonly found in

A. federal states.
B. functioning states.
C. primate states.
D. unitary states.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Geographic Characteristics of States

105. What shape is considered the most efficient form for effective organization and administration of a state?

A. Prorupt
B. Elongated
C. Compact
D. Perforated

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Geographic Characteristics of States

106. Forces which promote unity and stability in a country are referred to as

A. centrifugal forces.
B. devolutionary forces.
C. centripetal forces.
D. affiliated forces.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: The Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces that Characterize a State

107. The Mississippi River is an example of what kind of boundary?

A. Consequent boundary
B. Natural boundary
C. Superimposed boundary
D. Antecedent boundary

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: State Boundaries and Conflicts

108. What kind of boundary was drawn between Northern Ireland and Ireland to accommodate existing religious differences?

A. Superimposed boundary
B. Consequent boundary
C. Antecedent boundary
D. Relic boundary

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: State Boundaries and Conflicts

109. Hungary's claims to Transylvania in Romania is based on what type of border conflict?

A. Watershed divides
B. Resource dispute
C. Minority group identification
D. Landlock dispute

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: State Boundaries and Conflicts

110. Which of the following is used as an icon of American nationalism?

A. Dollar sign
B. Santa Claus
C. Golden arches
D. Bald eagle

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: The Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces that Characterize a State

111. Afghans swearing allegiance to local warlords rather than to the state is an example of

A. nationalism.
B. subnationalism.
C. supranationalism.
D. ethnocentrism.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: The Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces that Characterize a State

112. Which of the following is not primarily an economic alliance?

A. NATO
B. MERCOSUR
C. OPEC
D. APEC

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.02 Cooperation Among States
Topic: Cooperation Among States

113. The now universal idea of the modern state was developed in the 18th century by political philosophers in what world region?

A. Europe
B. North America
C. East Asia
D. North Africa

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Modern State: Evolution and Challenges

114. By 2016, the number of independent states in the world numbered nearly

A. 35.
B. 70.
C. 200.
D. 400.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Modern State: Evolution and Challenges

115. Occupying nearly 6.5 million square miles (17 million sq km), or some 11 percent of the land surface of the world, the world's largest country is

A. Australia.
B. Canada.
C. United States.
D. Russia.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Geographic Characteristics of States

116. The area of original settlement in a state that usually contains its densest population and largest cities is called the

A. nucleus.
B. central artery.
C. core area.
D. focal point.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Geographic Characteristics of States

117. Brasilia, the capital city purposely built in the interior of Brazil so as to increase development, is an example of a(n)

A. relocation capital.
B. forward-thrust capital.
C. territorial capital.
D. expansion-progression capital.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Geographic Characteristics of States

118. A no longer functioning boundary line that is still marked by some landscape features or differences on the two sides is a
A. relic boundary.
B. historical boundary.
C. tribute boundary.
D. preservation boundary.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: State Boundaries and Conflicts

119. The claim of India and Pakistan to the Kashmir region is based on the area's substantial Hindu and Muslim populations and is an example of

A. historicism.
B. irredentism.
C. devolution.
D. supranationalism.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: State Boundaries and Conflicts

120. Scientists estimate the Arctic seabed might contain this much of the world's undiscovered oil, gas, and minerals.

A. 5 percent
B. 15 percent
C. 25 percent
D. 35 percent

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: State Boundaries and Conflicts

121. One of the most powerful of the centripetal forces, based on the concept of allegiance to a single country and the ideals and way of life it represents, is known as

A. idealism.
B. territoriality.
C. autonomy.
D. nationalism.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: The Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces that Characterize a State

122. Canada houses a powerful secessionist movement in the country's largest province of

A. Ontario.
B. Quebec.
C. British Columbia.
D. Manitoba.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: The Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces that Characterize a State

123. Nazi Germany and Stalinist Russia are examples of what type of 20th century terrorism?

A. State terrorism
B. Subnational terrorism
C. Domestic terrorism
D. International terrorism

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: The Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces that Characterize a State

124. The two preconditions common to all separatist movements are

A. independence and customs.
B. ethnicity and statehood.
C. territory and nationality.
D. religion and language.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: The Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces that Characterize a State

125. The association of countries created for mutual benefit and the achievement of shared objectives is
A. regionalism.
B. nationalism.
C. subnationalism.
D. supranationalism.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.02 Cooperation Among States
Topic: Cooperation Among States

126. The strategy of drawing political boundaries so as to dilute the opposition's strength by dividing its votes among a number of districts is known as the

A. electoral vote.
B. stacked vote.
C. wasted vote.
D. excess vote.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.03 Local and Regional Political Organization
Topic: Local and Regional Political Organizations

127. The study of the organization and spatial distribution of political phenomena is known as

A. geographicacy.
B. pedology.
C. political geography.
D. international relations.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Foundation of the National Political Systems

128. A group of people with a common culture occupying a particular territory is known as a(n)

A. nation.
B. state.
C. exclave.
D. enclave.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Foundation of the National Political Systems

129. Totally or partially autonomous political units that are small in area and have less than 1 million people are known as

A. microunits.
B. ministates.
C. nanonations.
D. millilands.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: Geographic Characteristics of States

130. The process of transferring certain powers from the central government to sub-regional governments is known as
A. transference.
B. peripherality.
C. partitioning.
D. devolution.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.01 National Political System
Topic: The Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces that Characterize a State

131. The practice of drawing the boundaries of legislative districts so as to unfairly favor one political party over another is

A. arbitration.
B. polymaximizing.
C. gerrymandering.
D. exclusionary zoning.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Section: 08.03 Local and Regional Political Organization
Topic: Local and Regional Political Organizations

Chapter 08 Test Bank: Political Geography Summary

Category-# of Questions

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation-111

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember-89

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand-20

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply-18

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze-2

Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate-1

Bloom's Level: 6. Create-1

Gradable: automatic-111

Gradable: manual-20

Section: 08.01 National Political System-99

Section: 08.02 Cooperation Among States-21

Section: 08.03 Local and Regional Political Organization-11

Topic: Cooperation Among States-21

Topic: Foundation of the National Political Systems-19

Topic: Geographic Characteristics of States-27

Topic: Local and Regional Political Organizations-12

Topic: Modern State: Evolution and Challenges-9

Topic: State Boundaries and Conflicts-20

Topic: The Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces that Characterize a State-24