Exam Prep Test Bank Cultural Geography Key Getis Ch.06

Chapter 06 Test Bank: Cultural Geography Key

1. The one way in which culture is NOT transmitted to younger generations is by

A. imitation.
B. mutation.
C. instruction.
D. example.

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Section: 06.01 Components of Culture
Topic: Culture and its Subsystems

2. The smallest distinctive item of culture is called a

A. culture norm.
B. culture complex.
C. culture trait.
D. cultural landscape.

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Section: 06.01 Components of Culture
Topic: Culture and its Subsystems

3. The cultural landscape

A. summarizes the nonmaterial aspects of a society.
B. is equivalent to a culture realm or a single-trait social region.
C. represents the real extent of a hearth region.
D. includes house types, cities, agricultural fields, transportation networks, parks, and cemeteries.

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Section: 06.02 Subsystems of Culture
Topic: Culture and Environment

4. The three subsystems of a culture are

A. ideas, beliefs, and knowledge.
B. religious, political, and educational.
C. culture trait, culture complex, and cultural landscape.
D. technological, sociological, and ideological.

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Section: 06.03 People and Environment Interactions
Topic: Cultural Diversity

5. The rejected theory that cultures are controlled by the physical geography of their surroundings was

A. environmental determinism.
B. cultural divergence imitation.
C. cultural convergence legislation.
D. possibilism elementary school.

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Section: 06.02 Subsystems of Culture
Topic: Culture and Environment

6. Cultural convergence implies that

A. distinctive cultures will disappear.
B. world populations increasingly share a common technology.
C. all cultures can be traced back to a common ancestor group.
D. world trade reduces the importance of national borders.

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Section: 06.03 People and Environment Interactions
Topic: Culture and its Subsystems

7. Which of the following statements about purchasing power parity is NOT true?

A. It takes into account price levels in different countries.
B. By this measure, the difference between rich and poor countries is less pronounced.
C. By this measure, the difference between rich and poor countries is more pronounced.
D. It is an alternative measure to per capita gross national income.

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Section: 06.03 People and Environment Interactions
Topic: Culture and its Subsystems

8. The chief centers for plant and animal domestication include all of the following EXCEPT

A. West Africa.
B. North America.
C. Meso-America.
D. Southern and Southeast Asia.

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Section: 06.04 Culture Change
Topic: Agents of Culture Change

9. When a social group does not adopt a useful innovation, it is said to display

A. contradiction.
B. dissonant resistance.
C. social retardation.
D. cultural lag.

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10. It is estimated that about 10% of the cultural items in a society are attributable to _____ by its members and 90% to __________.

A. creativity; cultural spontaneity
B. spatial diffusion; diffraction
C. innovation; implementation
D. innovation; spatial diffusion

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Section: 06.04 Culture Change
Topic: Agents of Culture Change

11. Pidgin and creole languages are distinguished from one another by the fact that pidgin

A. may be based on any European language; creole is always a French dialect.
B. is always a second language for all its speakers; creole has become a distinctive first language of a society.
C. is a simplified European language taught to native populations; creole is a simplified native language.
D. is any invented language of Asia and the Pacific; creole is based on French and found in the Caribbean.

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Section: 06.06 Language
Topic: Distribution Patterns of Language and Globalization

12. The Indo-European language family

A. is made up of separate languages collectively spoken by about one-half of the world's population.
B. is spatially confined to the area extending from southeastern Europe eastward to northern India.
C. despite dialect differences has retained an essentially common vocabulary shared by all.
D. was strongly affected during its formative period by English colonization and the defeat of the Spanish armada.

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Section: 06.06 Language
Topic: Distribution Patterns of Language and Globalization

13. The spread of English as a worldwide language was the result of

A. the success of England and the United States in World Wars I and II.
B. international agreements upon a common language to avoid the confusion of multiple European tongues.
C. the connection between use of English and receipt of foreign aid by developing countries.
D. the establishment of overseas colonies and former English dominance in world trade.

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Section: 06.06 Language
Topic: Distribution Patterns of Language and Globalization

14. The top four languages spoken by the greatest number of people worldwide are

A. Mandarin, Hindi/Urdu, Spanish, and Russian.
B. English, French, German, and Spanish.
C. Mandarin, Japanese, English, and Spanish.
D. Mandarin, English, Hindi/Urdu, and Spanish.

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15. Religions are important keys to human geographic understanding because

A. with their emphasis upon charity and the afterlife, religions play a universal pacifying role.
B. they are one of the very few aspects of human culture totally divorced from the environments they occupy.
C. each major world religion is identified with a specific parent language.
D. religious beliefs intimately affect all facets of a culture.

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Section: 06.07 Religion
Topic: Distribution Patterns of World's Major Religions

16. It is believed that the Indo-European protolanguage originated about 5,000 years ago in

A. the Ganges Valley of northern India.
B. the ancient hearth region of Mesopotamia.
C. Eastern Europe or central Turkey.
D. southern France or northern Iberia.

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Section: 06.06 Language
Topic: Distribution Patterns of Language and Globalization

17. A language may be defined as

A. a literary tradition developed in a specific geographic area.
B. a cultural constant of the sociological subsystem.
C. the necessary basis of national identity.
D. an organized system of speech communication.

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18. Examples of the worldwide diffusion of English include all of the following EXCEPT

A. over 70 percent of internet pages are in English.
B. it is one of two working languages at the United Nations.
C. it is the accepted language for international air traffic control.
D. it is the official language of 60 countries, including the United States.

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19. The study of place-names as evidence of past cultural presence and change is called

A. topography.
B. topology.
C. toponymy.
D. toposcopy.

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20. Of the following major world religions, the newest is

A. Buddhism.
B. Islam.
C. Judaism.
D. Hinduism.

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Section: 06.07 Religion
Topic: Distribution Patterns of World's Major Religions

21. Which of the following religions has remained dominant in its area of origin?

A. Christianity
B. Islam
C. Buddhism
D. Nihilism

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Section: 06.07 Religion
Topic: Distribution Patterns of World's Major Religions

22. Which of the following is NOT considered a "universalizing" religion?

A. Islam
B. Buddhism
C. Judaism
D. Christianity

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Section: 06.07 Religion
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23. A primary basis for the partition of the Indian subcontinent following British rule was to

A. reduce tension and conflict between speakers of Indo-European Hindi and Dravidian Tamil tongues.
B. recognize the existence of distinctive regional religious concentrations and animosities.
C. adhere to a demand voiced by Mohandas Gandhi.
D. recognize the territorial rights of Buddhist Bangladesh.

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Section: 06.07 Religion
Topic: Distribution Patterns of World's Major Religions

24. The most distinctive contrast between folk and popular culture is that

A. folk culture is, in general, authoritarian and repressive; popular culture reflects progressive, democratic influences.
B. folk culture is limited in geographical range and only spreads through hierarchical diffusion.
C. folk cultures are restricted to primitive, pre-literate territories of developing countries; popular cultures are universal in developed, industrialized states.
D. folk culture reflects the traditional way of life of groups isolated from and resistant to outside influences; popular culture simply implies the general mass of people conforming to ever-changing fads and common modes of behavior.

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Section: 06.06 Language
Topic: Distribution Patterns of Language and Globalization

25. Ethnic communities are composed of populations with distinguishing

A. cultural heritages.
B. citizenship and political affiliations.
C. racial characteristics.
D. music and food preferences.

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Section: 06.08 Ethnicity
Topic: Ethnicity

26. Which one of the following items is an example of a cultural trait?

A. height

B. eye color
C. technology
D. climate

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Section: 06.01 Components of Culture
Topic: Culture and its Subsystems

27. The spread of culture traits from one area to other areas is called

A. diffusion.
B. innovation.
C. civilization.
D. modernization.

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Section: 06.04 Culture Change
Topic: Agents of Culture Change

28. Which one of the following groups of areas was among the world's earliest centers of plant and animal domestication?

A. British Isles, Scandinavia, United States
B. Northeast Asia, Eastern Europe, South Africa
C. Australia, New Zealand, Greenland
D. Southwest Asia, West Africa, Andean South America

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Topic: Agents of Culture Change

29. The term referring to socially created distinctions between masculine and feminine roles in society is

A. sexuality.
B. bimorphism.
C. dualism.
D. gender.

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Section: 06.09 Gender and Culture
Topic: Gender Distinctions and Culture

30. A group of languages thought to have shared the same origin is

A. Hindi, Ukrainian, and Chinese.
B. Chinese, Japanese, and Australian.
C. Hindi, Russian, and Spanish.
D. Arabic, Hindi, and Tibetan.

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31. Most of the people in the Middle East speak

A. Hindi.
B. Arabic.
C. Turkish.
D. Persian.

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32. Which of the following languages belongs in the Romance language subfamily with French?

A. English
B. German
C. Welsh
D. Spanish

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33. Which one of the following languages belongs to the same language subfamily with English?

A. German
B. Spanish
C. French
D. Russian

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34. Acculturation is the term applied to

A. the rise of a social group from savagery to civilization.
B. the curriculum objective of U.S. public schools.
C. the process by which one culture group adopts the characteristics of another dominant group.
D. the process of melding traits or traditions of two different cultures into a composite acceptable to both originating groups.

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Section: 06.04 Culture Change
Topic: Agents of Culture Change

35. A religion that teaches that a person's status in this life is determined by his/her existence in previous lives is

A. Shintoism.
B. Islam.
C. Confucianism.
D. Hinduism.

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Section: 06.07 Religion
Topic: Distribution Patterns of World's Major Religions

36. Which one of the following religions is not monotheistic?
A. Judaism
B. Christianity
C. Islam
D. Hinduism

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Section: 06.07 Religion
Topic: Distribution Patterns of World's Major Religions

37. The political movement devoted to the creation of a Jewish state is

A. Hegira.
B. Zionism.
C. Nanpur.
D. Brahman.

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Section: 06.07 Religion
Topic: Distribution Patterns of World's Major Religions

38. What is the Koran?

A. the geography and history of the Middle East in ancient times
B. the Hindu book of holy scriptures
C. the sayings of Allah revealed to Mohammed
D. the life and teachings of prophets who followed Mohammed

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Section: 06.07 Religion
Topic: Distribution Patterns of World's Major Religions

39. Which one of the following is an example of an ethnic group?

A. the Association of American Geographers
B. Southerners
C. Christians
D. Mexican-Americans

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Section: 06.08 Ethnicity
Topic: Ethnicity

40. Which one of the universalizing religions originated in India and was brought by missionaries into China, Korea, Japan, Southeast Asia, Tibet, and Mongolia, where it became the dominant religion?

A. Buddhism
B. Hinduism
C. Islam
D. Shintoism

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Section: 06.07 Religion
Topic: Distribution Patterns of World's Major Religions

41. Which of the following religions did NOT arise in Southwestern Asia?

A. Judaism
B. Buddhism
C. Christianity
D. Islam

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Section: 06.07 Religion
Topic: Distribution Patterns of World's Major Religions

42. Which language is the most dominant in terms of number of speakers who use it as their primary or secondary tongue?

A. Spanish
B. Mandarin (China)
C. English
D. Arabic

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Section: 06.06 Language
Topic: Distribution Patterns of Language and Globalization

43. _________ is an amalgam of languages, usually a simplified form of one of them, such as English or French, with borrowing from another, perhaps non-European local language.

A. Pidgin
B. Creole
C. Lingua franca
D. Standard language

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44. Which religion was spread largely through dispersions and persecutions?

A. Judaism
B. Christianity
C. Confucianism
D. Hinduism

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Section: 06.06 Language
Topic: Distribution Patterns of World's Major Religions

45. Racial classifications

A. are based on detailed genetic analyses.
B. group people into categories such as Irish, Hispanic, and Asian.
C. have been dismissed by most anthropologists and geneticists.
D. are based on ethnicity and/or nationality.

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Section: 06.08 Ethnicity
Topic: Ethnicity

46. Shiites and Sunnis are two major religious sects of _______.

A. Islam
B. Shinto
C. Buddhism
D. Hinduism

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Section: 06.07 Religion
Topic: Distribution Patterns of World's Major Religions

47. Cultural integration is the term applied to the intermixture of ethnic traits within a pluralistic society.

FALSE

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Section: 06.03 People and Environment Interactions
Topic: Culture and its Subsystems

48. English cities with names ending in "chester" such as Manchester bear witness to Norse invaders.

FALSE

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49. Syncretism implies the fusion of old and new culture traits into a new, composite form.

TRUE

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Section: 06.04 Culture Change
Topic: Agents of Culture Change

50. English is the official United States language.

FALSE

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Section: 06.06 Language
Topic: Distribution Patterns of Language and Globalization

51. Culture involves social relationships, ideas and beliefs but not material objects.

FALSE

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Section: 06.03 People and Environment Interactions
Topic: Culture and its Subsystems

52. The sociological subsystem of a culture expresses accepted patterns of interpersonal and group behavior and agreed-upon institutions.

TRUE

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Section: 06.03 People and Environment Interactions
Topic: Culture and its Subsystems

53. Depopulation of the Chaco Canyon settlements was caused by abrupt and disastrous climatic change.

FALSE

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Section: 06.03 People and Environment Interactions
Topic: Culture and Environment

54. Ethnocentrism is the feeling of superiority of one's own ethnic group.

TRUE

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Section: 06.08 Ethnicity
Topic: Ethnicity

55. All the universalizing religions had their origin hearths in Southwest Asia.

FALSE

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Section: 06.07 Religion
Topic: Distribution Patterns of World's Major Religions

56. Today, advanced societies from around the world have experienced cultural convergence and share common technologies and organizational structures.

TRUE

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Section: 06.03 People and Environment Interactions
Topic: Culture and its Subsystems

57. Significant human alteration of the natural landscape has occurred only since the Industrial Revolution of the 18^th and 19^th centuries.

FALSE

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Section: 06.02 Subsystems of Culture
Topic: Culture and Environment

58. The Japanese love of baseball is an example of acculturation.

TRUE

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Section: 06.04 Culture Change
Topic: Agents of Culture Change

59. Cultural lag is the period between introduction of an innovation in major cities and its adoption at lower levels in the urban hierarchy.

FALSE

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Section: 06.04 Culture Change
Topic: Agents of Culture Change

60. The North-South Brandt line divides the world based on degree of industrialization and per capita wealth.

TRUE

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Section: 06.03 People and Environment Interactions
Topic: Culture and its Subsystems

61. Possibilism is the viewpoint that humans are the active agents in shaping culture, selecting from the environment the opportunities and resources their need and technical levels make evident and needed.

TRUE

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Section: 06.02 Subsystems of Culture
Topic: Culture and Environment

62. Nearly three-quarters of the world's population adhere to tribal and ethnic religions.

FALSE

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Section: 06.07 Religion
Topic: Distribution Patterns of World's Major Religions

63. On the gender empowerment measure, all European countries received the highest ranking.

FALSE

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Section: 06.09 Gender and Culture
Topic: Gender Distinctions and Culture

64. Most dialects have a spatial pattern.

TRUE

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Section: 06.06 Language
Topic: Distribution Patterns of Language and Globalization

65. Canada is officially a bilingual country.

TRUE

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Section: 06.06 Language
Topic: Distribution Patterns of Language and Globalization

66. Although they display some important dialect differences, essentially all people of India have Hindi as their native tongue.

FALSE

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Section: 06.06 Language
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67. Both Christianity and Islam have their origins in Judaism.

TRUE

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Section: 06.07 Religion
Topic: Distribution Patterns of World's Major Religions

68. Buddhism in China and Japan has completely obliterated the local indigenous traditions.

FALSE

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Section: 06.07 Religion
Topic: Distribution Patterns of World's Major Religions

69. The division of Islam into two major sects is attributed to the issue of the legitimacy of the rightful successor of Mohammed, the most revered prophet of the religion.

TRUE

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70. The majority of the Muslims in the world are Shiites.

FALSE

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71. There are almost one billion Hindus in the world and most of them are concentrated in India.

TRUE

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Section: 06.07 Religion
Topic: Distribution Patterns of World's Major Religions

72. The persistence of Chinatowns, Little Havanas, and Little Italys is evidence of cultural assimilation.

FALSE

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Section: 06.08 Ethnicity
Topic: Ethnicity

73. What is the principal ethnic religion of India?

Hinduism

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Section: 06.07 Religion
Topic: Distribution Patterns of World's Major Religions

74. What is the language family that includes languages of both South Asia and Europe?

Indo-European

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Section: 06.06 Language
Topic: Distribution Patterns of Language and Globalization

75. What is the viewpoint that human activities are determined by the physical environment?

Environmental determinism

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Section: 06.02 Subsystems of Culture
Topic: Culture and Environment

76. Discuss the ways in which religion may affect other cultural traits of society. As part of your response, select a world religion and relate it to other characteristics of the specific culture of which it is a part.

Effects of religion on cultural traits are found in (1) technological subsystem: food produced, work ethic, acceptance of innovation;
(2) ideological subsystem: dietary rules, religious observances and behavioral rules, some voting behaviors;
(3) sociological subsystem: education, church hierarchies. Specifics depend on the religion and area selected.

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Section: 06.07 Religion
Topic: Distribution Patterns of World's Major Religions

77. Discuss the forces that have led to the widespread diffusion of the English language.

English has diffused through colonialism, commerce, and education. It is one of two working languages for the United Nations, dominates internet sites and scientific publications, is the language for international air traffic control, and is the official language in sixty countries.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
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Section: 06.06 Language
Topic: Distribution Patterns of Language and Globalization

78. Define fundamentalism and explain its significance in relationship to globalization.

Fundamentalism refers to religious movements that seek to regain and publicly institutionalize traditional social and cultural values that are usually rooted in the teachings of a sacred text or written dogma. It is found in every dominant religion. Fundamentalists feel threatened by globalization and the diffusion of secularism and the values and practices of popular culture which they believe undermine with traditional religious values. This insecurity sometimes leads to more radical or violent tendencies.

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Section: 06.07 Religion
Topic: Distribution Patterns of World's Major Religions

79. Define ethnicity and using an ethnic group of your choice describe the physical and cultural conditions that have encouraged its preservation or intensification.

Ethnicity (meaning "people" or "nation") refers to a group with a common heritage based upon language, religion, national origin, and/or unique customs. It is fostered by ethnocentrism (belief in own-group superiority); territorial segregation or isolation; minority status; immigrant status; official recognition by majority culture; and persecution. Examples will vary.

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Section: 06.08 Ethnicity
Topic: Ethnicity

80. Compare and contrast major world religions from the standpoint of their impact on the cultural landscape (i.e., structures and symbols).

Christianity: churches, cathedrals, cemeteries; Islam: mosques, cemeteries;
Hinduism: innumerable temples, shrines, sacred animals, specially garbed holy persons;
Buddhism: sculpted and painted images, stupas, temples, and monasteries, sacred fig trees.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: manual
Section: 06.07 Religion
Topic: Distribution Patterns of World's Major Religions

81. It has been suggested that few innovations in human history have had such profound and far-reaching effects as did the Agricultural Revolution. In what ways were those effects expressed?

The Agricultural Revolution led directly to population growth, urbanization, labor specialization, and formal political and religious institutions. It resulted in development of skills of spinning, weaving, metal working, and pottery construction. It was the forerunner of "civilization" including literacy, mathematics, astronomy, and commerce.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
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Section: 06.04 Culture Change
Topic: Agents of Culture Change

82. What is the difference between a pidgin and a creole language?

Pidgin is the second language of the people who usually speak another language as their native tongue. Creole evolves from pidgin and becomes the first language of the people who no longer speak their native tongue. Compared to creole, a pidgin usually has a more limited vocabulary and simpler syntax and grammar.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: manual
Section: 06.06 Language
Topic: Distribution Patterns of Language and Globalization

83. Explain the difference between assimilation and acculturation.

Answers will vary.

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Section: 06.04 Culture Change
Topic: Agents of Culture Change

84. How are languages classified?

Answers will vary.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: manual
Section: 06.06 Language
Topic: Distribution Patterns of Language and Globalization

85. Using examples from your local area, explain why toponymy is a useful tool for studying historical geography.

Answers will vary.

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Gradable: manual
Section: 06.06 Language
Topic: Distribution Patterns of Language and Globalization

86. Why was environmental determinism rejected by geographers?

Answers will vary.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: manual
Section: 06.02 Subsystems of Culture
Topic: Culture and Environment

87. Explain the difference between mentifact, artifact, and sociofact.

Answers will vary.

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Gradable: manual
Section: 06.03 People and Environment Interactions
Topic: Culture and its Subsystems

88. Are ethnicity and race the same thing? Explain your answer.

No. Ethnicity refers to cultural heritage while race is a discredited classification based upon visible hereditary characteristics such as skin color, eye color, hair texture and facial characteristics.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
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Section: 06.08 Ethnicity
Topic: Ethnicity

89. A pair of blue jeans is best associated with which cultural subsystem?

A. Sociological
B. Ideological
C. Technological
D. Nonmaterial

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Section: 06.02 Subsystems of Culture
Topic: Culture and its Subsystems

90. From most general to most specific, which is the most accurate hierarchical representation of cultural units?

A. Complex, realm, region, trait
B. Realm, complex, region, trait
C. Realm, region, complex, trait
D. Trait, complex, region, realm

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Section: 06.01 Components of Culture
Topic: Culture and its Subsystems

91. Individual culture traits that are functionally interrelated comprise a

A. culture complex.
B. cultural ethnicity.
C. cultural integration.
D. culture hearth.

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Section: 06.01 Components of Culture
Topic: Culture and its Subsystems

92. Religions that tend to be expansionary, seeking to transmit their beliefs to new peoples and areas, are termed

A. ethnic.
B. secular.
C. tribal.
D. universalizing.

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Section: 06.07 Religion
Topic: Distribution Patterns of World's Major Religions

93. Cultural convergence refers to

A. the fact that not all cultures pass through all stages of cultural development at the same time.
B. the belief that the physical environment shapes human thought and action.
C. the sharing of technologies, organizational structures, and cultural traits and artifacts by widely separated societies.
D. the fact that, while cultures are essentially conservative, they are always in a state of flux.

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Section: 06.02 Subsystems of Culture
Topic: Cultural Diversity

94. When a social group is unresponsive to changing circumstances and innovation, it is said to exhibit

A. cultural divergence.
B. cultural convergence.
C. cultural isolation.
D. cultural lag.

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Section: 06.04 Culture Change
Topic: Agents of Culture Change

95. Which of the following is not a process of cultural change?

A. Segregation
B. Diffusion
C. Innovation
D. Acculturation

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Section: 06.04 Culture Change
Topic: Agents of Culture Change

96. The belief that the physical environment determined which cultures would become the most advanced and economically developed has been labeled

A. cultural integration.
B. environmental determinism.
C. the cultural landscape.
D. possibilism.

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Section: 06.03 People and Environment Interactions
Topic: Culture and Environment

97. Globally, the most wide-spread language family is

A. Afro-Asiatic.
B. Indo-European.
C. Chinese.
D. Ural-Altaic.

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Section: 06.06 Language
Topic: Distribution Patterns of Language and Globalization

98. A shaman is generally associated with what type of religion?

A. Ethnic religion
B. Tribal religion
C. Universalizing religion
D. Secularism

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Section: 06.07 Religion
Topic: Distribution Patterns of World's Major Religions

99. Which of the following is not an ethnic religion?

A. Shintoism
B. Judaism
C. Buddhism
D. Hinduism

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Section: 06.07 Religion
Topic: Distribution Patterns of World's Major Religions

100. What term refers to believing that one's own ethnic group is superior?

A. Racial superiority
B. Ethnos
C. Ethnicity
D. Ethnocentrism

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Section: 06.08 Ethnicity
Topic: Ethnicity

101. What term refers to the fusion of old and new cultural forms and practices by contact with outside groups?

A. Acculturation
B. Adaptation
C. Amalgamation
D. Syncretism

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Section: 06.04 Culture Change
Topic: Agents of Culture Change

102. Within the United States, Baptists are regionally dominant in the

A. South.
B. New England region.
C. Mountain West.
D. Upper Midwest.

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Section: 06.07 Religion
Topic: Distribution Patterns of World's Major Religions

103. Legal and educational systems are components of which subsystem of culture?

A. Sociological
B. Pedagogical
C. Ideological
D. Technological

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Section: 06.02 Subsystems of Culture
Topic: Culture and its Subsystems

104. Of the four major world religions, the one which has experienced the most extensive worldwide dispersion is

A. Buddhism.
B. Christianity.
C. Hinduism.
D. Islam.

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Section: 06.07 Religion
Topic: Distribution Patterns of World's Major Religions

105. One distinguishing feature of all culture hearths of the Old World and the Americas is their

A. abandonment as centers of culture and settlement in modern times.
B. clustering in a band around the earth between 20 degrees south and 40 degrees north latitude.
C. confinement to lowland river valleys.
D. location on the western sides of continental landmasses.

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Section: 06.04 Culture Change
Topic: Agents of Culture Change

106. According to Jared Diamond, which region of the world had the greatest geographical advantages for diffusion of food production?

A. Eurasia
B. North America
C. Australia
D. South America

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Section: 06.04 Culture Change
Topic: Agents of Culture Change

107. The present day spatial distribution of Buddhism is best described as

A. China, Tibet, Siberia, Korea.
B. Northern India, China, Southeast Asia.
C. Southeast Asia, Tibet, China, Mongolia, Japan.
D. Tibet, India, Middle East, Japan.

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Section: 06.07 Religion
Topic: Distribution Patterns of World's Major Religions

108. The viewpoint that people, not environments, are the dynamic forces of cultural development is called

A. environmental determinism.
B. possibilism.
C. syncretism.
D. civilization.

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Section: 06.03 People and Environment Interactions
Topic: Culture and Environment

109. When immigrants to a country give up many of their past cultural traits, lose their distinguishing characteristics and merge into the mainstream of the dominant culture, they are said to have

A. acculturated.
B. amalgamated.
C. adapted.
D. assimilated.

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Section: 06.04 Culture Change
Topic: Agents of Culture Change

110. Under which form of economic organization does each sex maintain a respected, productive, coequal role in the kinship group?

A. Industrial
B. Commercial agriculture
C. Hunting and gathering
D. Subsistence agriculture

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Section: 06.09 Gender and Culture
Topic: Gender Distinctions and Culture

111. The status of women is a cultural spatial variable because

A. women are found all over the world.
B. gender relationships and role assignments differ among societies.
C. women are biologically different from men.
D. women do different kinds of work.

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Section: 06.09 Gender and Culture
Topic: Gender Distinctions and Culture

112. Which of the following is not an effect of popular culture?

A. Uniformity is substituted for differentiation
B. The individual is exposed to a broader range of available opportunities
C. It obliterates locally distinctive folk culture lifestyles
D. It reinforces tradition and resistance to change

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Section: 06.06 Language
Topic: Distribution Patterns of Language and Globalization

113. Which of the following is not an example of material culture?

A. Furniture
B. Tools
C. Folk songs
D. Musical instruments

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Section: 06.02 Subsystems of Culture
Topic: Culture and its Subsystems

114. Language is part of which cultural subsystem?

A. Technological
B. Sociological
C. Material
D. Ideological

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Section: 06.02 Subsystems of Culture
Topic: Culture and its Subsystems

115. Which term refers to a simplified language formed from an amalgam of two languages?

A. Lingua franca
B. Dialect
C. Creole
D. Pidgin

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Section: 06.06 Language
Topic: Distribution Patterns of Language and Globalization

116. Swahili, the national language of Kenya and Tanzania, is an example of a

A. Khoisan language.
B. Creole language.
C. Pidgin language.
D. dialect.

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Section: 06.06 Language
Topic: Distribution Patterns of Language and Globalization

117. Which language has the greatest number of speakers?

A. English
B. Spanish
C. Arabic
D. Mandarin

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Section: 06.06 Language
Topic: Distribution Patterns of Language and Globalization

118. What is the oldest major religion?

A. Hinduism
B. Islam
C. Judaism
D. Shinto

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Section: 06.07 Religion
Topic: Distribution Patterns of World's Major Religions

119. Pyramid building in both Egypt and Central America is an example of

A. cultural convergence.
B. parallel innovation.
C. cultural divergence.
D. acculturation.

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Section: 06.04 Culture Change
Topic: Cultural Diversity

120. Observance of the "five pillars" is associated with which religion?
A. Hinduism
B. Buddhism
C. Confucianism
D. Islam

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Section: 06.07 Religion
Topic: Distribution Patterns of World's Major Religions

121. What term refers to an established language used for communication by people whose native tongues are mutually incomprehensible?

A. Official language
B. Lingua franca
C. Creole
D. Pidgin

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Section: 06.06 Language
Topic: Distribution Patterns of Language and Globalization

122. Specialized behavioral patterns that summarize the way of life of a group of people represents

A. culture.
B. nation.
C. civilization.
D. mores.

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Section: 06.01 Components of Culture
Topic: Culture and its Subsystems

123. The smallest distinctive items of culture, which range from tools used, to games played, are known as

A. archetypals.
B. representatives.
C. traits.
D. emblems.

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Section: 06.01 Components of Culture
Topic: Culture and its Subsystems

124. The Earth's surface as modified by human action to produce a tangible, physical record of a given culture is known as

A. cultural ecology.
B. cultural lag.
C. cultural landscape.
D. environmental determinism.

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Section: 06.03 People and Environment Interactions
Topic: Culture and Environment

125. Which of the following is not a cultural subsystem?

A. Technological subsystem
B. Ideological subsystem
C. Sociological subsystem
D. Material subsystem

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Section: 06.02 Subsystems of Culture
Topic: Culture and its Subsystems

126. Small areas of innovation from which key culture elements diffused to influence surrounding regions are

A. culture hearths.
B. culture berths.
C. culture cores.
D. culture domains.

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Section: 06.04 Culture Change
Topic: Agents of Culture Change

127. What are the estimated percentages of innovation and diffusion responsible for bringing cultural items to a society?

A. 90 percent innovation; 10 percent diffusion
B. 60 percent innovation; 40 percent diffusion
C. 40 percent innovation: 60 percent diffusion
D. 10 percent innovation; 90 percent diffusion

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Section: 06.04 Culture Change
Topic: Agents of Culture Change

128. The process by which one culture group undergoes a major modification by adopting many of the characteristics of another culture group is

A. cultural diversity.
B. acculturation.
C. modernization.
D. cultural integration.

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Section: 06.04 Culture Change
Topic: Agents of Culture Change

129. The term used to recognize socially created distinctions between males and females in duties assigned and rewards afforded to each is

A. amalgamation.
B. syncretism.
C. vernacular.
D. gender.

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Section: 06.09 Gender and Culture
Topic: Gender Distinctions and Culture

130. A revealing tool of historical cultural geography is the study of place names, a practice known as

A. toponymy.
B. place utility.
C. nomenclature.
D. forenaming.

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Section: 06.06 Language
Topic: Distribution Patterns of Language and Globalization

131. Religions with strong territorial and cultural group identification, such as Japanese Shinto, are known as

A. universalizing religions.
B. tribal religions.
C. ethnic religions.
D. traditional religions.

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Section: 06.07 Religion
Topic: Distribution Patterns of Language and Globalization

132. The study of the relationship between a culture group and the natural environment is known as

A. Environmental Science.
B. Bionetworking.
C. Natural Balance.
D. Cultural Ecology.

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Section: 06.05 Cultural Diversity
Topic: Culture and Environment

133. The largest cultural regions (areas of cultural uniformity) are known as

A. culture domains.
B. culture districts.
C. culture realms.
D. culture spheres.

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Section: 06.01 Components of Culture
Topic: Culture and its Subsystems

134. The formal name for the traditional "melting pot" view of immigrant integration into the United States is the

A. Amalgamation Theory.
B. Assimilation Approach.
C. Absorption Assumption.
D. Adaption Supposition.

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Section: 06.04 Culture Change
Topic: Agents of Culture Change

135. Regional differences causing diversity within the same language, such as "soda" versus "pop," are known as

A. creoles.
B. dialects.
C. jargons.
D. vernaculars.

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Section: 06.06 Language
Topic: Distribution Patterns of Language and Globalization

136. Through its use in many international scientific conferences, air traffic control, and international diplomacy, which language has become the dominant language facilitating increased global interaction?

A. French
B. English
C. Chinese
D. Arabic

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Section: 06.06 Language
Topic: Distribution Patterns of Language and Globalization

137. When a pidgin becomes the first language of a group of speakers—who may have lost their former native tongue through disuse—the resulting language is known as a

A. neotongue.
B. second language.
C. toponym.
D. creole.

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Section: 06.06 Language
Topic: Distribution Patterns of Language and Globalization

Chapter 06 Test Bank: Cultural Geography Summary

Category-# of Questions

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation-121

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember-114

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand-13

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply-8

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze-2

Gradable: automatic-121

Gradable: manual-16

Section: 06.01 Components of Culture-8

Section: 06.02 Subsystems of Culture-12

Section: 06.03 People and Environment Interactions-13

Section: 06.04 Culture Change-22

Section: 06.05 Cultural Diversity-1

Section: 06.06 Language-36

Section: 06.07 Religion-32

Section: 06.08 Ethnicity-8

Section: 06.09 Gender and Culture-5

Topic: Agents of Culture Change-21

Topic: Cultural Diversity-3

Topic: Culture and Environment-11

Topic: Culture and its Subsystems-21

Topic: Distribution Patterns of Language and Globalization-36

Topic: Distribution Patterns of World's Major Religions-32

Topic: Ethnicity-8

Topic: Gender Distinctions and Culture-5