Getis Test Bank Answers Ch.9 Economic Geography Agriculture

Chapter 09 Test Bank: Economic Geography: Agriculture and Primary Activities Key

1. According to the von Thünen model, the most important determinant of the pattern of agricultural production is the

A. distance between the market and the production site.
B. soil fertility of the production zone.
C. demand at the market.
D. development of intervening opportunities.

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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Commercial Agriculture

2. Intensive subsistence agriculture is characterized by

A. equal emphasis upon crops and animals.
B. farms that specialize in producing a single crop.
C. high first-year yields, followed by production declines and land abandonment.
D. high yields per unit of cultivated land.

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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Aspects of Agriculture

3. All of the following statements about nomadic herding are true EXCEPT that it

A. is increasing in importance as the population dependent on it increases.
B. involves the controlled movement of livestock.
C. depends upon the availability of natural forage.
D. is the most extensive of agricultural land use systems.

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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Aspects of Agriculture

4. The Green Revolution

A. refers to rebellions of Third World peasant farmers.
B. increases output through use of high-yielding crop varieties and altered management practices.
C. has initiated a reverse flow of population from urban slums to newly productive farmlands.
D. has made traditional shifting cultivation practices more productive.

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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Agriculture and Green Revolution

5. The production of metallic minerals in market economies is strongly influenced by the

A. quantity of ore available, restrictive practices of mining cartels, and desire to limit markets for Communist-bloc producers.
B. richness of ore, quantity available, and monopoly control of market.
C. richness of ore, ownership of deposits, and tariff barriers.
D. quantity of ore available, richness of the ore, and distance to market.

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Section: 09.03 Other Primary Activities
Topic: Gathering and Extractive Industries

6. All of the following statements about intensive subsistence agriculture are true EXCEPT that it

A. involves total concentration upon a single, intensively produced crop.
B. requires large inputs of labor, small plots, and high reliance on fertilizers.
C. involves product diversification with grain, vegetables, and animals—all part of the farm economy.
D. has spread to marginal lands as population pressure has increased.

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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Aspects of Agriculture

7. All of the following statements about agriculture in market economic systems are true EXCEPT

A. that it is characterized by specialization, profit, and interdependence.
B. in response to low crop prices and overproduction, it is being replaced by intensive subsistence farming.
C. the crop or livestock mix selected by commercial farmers reflects assessment of production and marketing costs and market demands and prices.
D. it involves intensive land use near markets and extensive land use at more distant locations.

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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Classification of Economic Activities

8. Which of the following statements about shifting or swidden cultivation is true?

A. to maintain soil fertility, farmers rotate fields
B. to maintain soil fertility, farmers rotate crops
C. to adapt to rising populations, farmers increase their application of fertilizers
D. it is widely practiced in areas of Asia and Africa that are too dry for other means of agriculture

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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Aspects of Agriculture

9. The defining characteristic of subsistence agriculture is

A. production for international markets.
B. production for domestic markets.
C. production for immediate household needs.
D. crop production for livestock feeding.

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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Aspects of Agriculture

10. The production of low-value minerals is closely controlled by

A. beneficiation.
B. the quantity available.
C. labor costs.
D. transportation cost from deposit to market.

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Section: 09.03 Other Primary Activities
Topic: Gathering and Extractive Industries

11. Which statement about world grain production is TRUE?

A. It has been a subject of easy agreement in global trade talks.
B. It has become an insignificant commodity in international trade.
C. Since the 1970s, production has not kept pace with population growth.
D. Since the 1970s, production has outpaced population growth.

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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Agriculture and Green Revolution

12. Which of the following is NOT a primary activity?

A. agriculture
B. forestry
C. mining
D. shipping

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Section: 09.01 Classifying Economic Activity and Economics
Topic: Aspects of Agriculture
Topic: Gathering and Extractive Industries

13. Three categories of economic activities included in the quaternary sector of the economy include

A. agriculture, gathering industries, and extractive industries.
B. retail trade, wholesale trade, and services.
C. information, research, and management.
D. manufacturing, construction, and power production.

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Topic: Economic Systems and Stages of Development

14. The category of agriculture that involves "burned clearings" and rotation of fields, instead of crops, is called

A. intensive subsistence.
B. swidden.
C. nomadism.
D. communal farming.

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15. Which one of the following types of farming is classified as extensive commercial?

A. market gardening
B. livestock ranching
C. dairying
D. pastoral nomadism

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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Commercial Agriculture

16. Which one of the following characteristics is most unique to intensive subsistence agriculture?

A. production geared to international markets
B. use of the plow
C. large input of labor on small plots of land
D. high capital intensity

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Topic: Aspects of Agriculture

17. The term Green Revolution refers to

A. the greening of America.
B. reforestation programs in former tropical rain forests.
C. environmental programs sponsored by the United Nations.
D. seed and management techniques that lead to greater farmland productivity.

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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Agriculture and Green Revolution

18. A principal land use over large areas of Asia and Africa where the climate is too dry to produce crops is

A. nomadic herding.
B. shifting cultivation.
C. ranching.
D. hunting and gathering.

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Topic: Aspects of Agriculture

19. The Ganges in India and Chang Jiang (Yangtze) in China are river valleys important for the production of

A. rice.
B. manioc.
C. corn.
D. wheat.

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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Agriculture and Green Revolution

20. Which of the following types of farming will locate closest to the market, according to the von Thünen model?

A. cash grain and livestock
B. extensive grain farming
C. mixed farming
D. dairy farming

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Topic: Commercial Agriculture

21. The Ganges in India and Chang Jiang (Yangtze) in China are river valleys with concentrations of

A. swidden agriculture.
B. pastoral nomadism.
C. intensive subsistence agriculture.
D. extensive commercial agriculture.

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Topic: Aspects of Agriculture

22. Most of the commercial marine fishing is concentrated

A. in the northern waters where warm and cool currents join and mix.
B. in the tropical water where their concentration is the greatest.
C. in the offshore areas of North and South America.
D. along the east coast of Africa and in the Southern Ocean.

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Section: 09.03 Other Primary Activities
Topic: Gathering and Extractive Industries

23. __________ is the breeding of fish in freshwater ponds, lakes, and canals or in fenced-off coastal bays and estuaries or enclosures.

A. Xericulture
B. Swidden agriculture
C. Tropiculture
D. Aquaculture

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Topic: Gathering and Extractive Industries

24. Sustainable agriculture adherents emphasize an increase in

A. Farm diversification
B. Food supply
C. The use of pesticides and herbicides
D. The use of fertilizers

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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Aspects of Agriculture

25. The negative effects of large-scale commercial agriculture include

A. The creation of farmers markets
B. Depopulation of rural areas
C. Sustainable agriculture
D. Urban organic gardening

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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Commercial Agriculture

26. Stages of economic development, although not always recognizable in a given country, include

A. Age of mass production and consumption
B. Period of debt relief
C. Movement to subsistence agriculture
D. Government-directed development projects

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Section: 09.01 Classifying Economic Activity and Economics
Topic: Economic Systems and Stages of Development

27. The informal economy includes ________ activities

A. Large-scale borrowing
B. GNI
C. Takeoff
D. Unlicensed

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Section: 09.01 Classifying Economic Activity and Economics
Topic: Economic Systems and Stages of Development

28. The highest proportion of the United States' labor force is in

A. Primary activities
B. Secondary activities
C. Tertiary activities
D. None of the above

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Topic: Classification of Economic Activities

29. Which of the following are examples of primary activities?

A. Manufacturing and construction
B. Power production and processing
C. Gathering and extractive
D. Wholesale and retail

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Section: 09.03 Other Primary Activities
Topic: Gathering and Extractive Industries

30. Which of the following are examples of tertiary activities?

A. Finance and insurance
B. Fishing and mining
C. Manufacturing and processing
D. Agriculture and business services

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31. Market equilibrium is marked by the intersection of

A. The physical and cultural environment
B. Primary and service activities
C. Subsistence and commercial activities
D. Supply and demand curves

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Topic: Economic Systems and Stages of Development

32. A subsistence economic system implies nearly total self-sufficiency of its members.

TRUE

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Section: 09.01 Classifying Economic Activity and Economics
Topic: Aspects of Agriculture

33. The von Thünen model is based on the observation that the value of agricultural land is determined based on soil fertility and climate.

FALSE

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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Commercial Agriculture

34. Livestock ranching, traditionally characteristic of tropical developing countries, is slowly becoming part of mid-latitude farm economies.

FALSE

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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Commercial Agriculture

35. Because agricultural soil depletion and drought have rendered farming uncertain, nomadic herding has become an increasingly important type of livelihood system.

FALSE

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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Aspects of Agriculture

36. Nomadic herding is an example of intensive subsistence agriculture.

FALSE

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37. The von Thunen model of agricultural land use is based on the high-yielding seed varieties and the use of heavy fertilizers.

FALSE

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Topic: Commercial Agriculture

38. Mining and quarrying are extractive industries.

TRUE

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Topic: Gathering and Extractive Industries

39. The maximum sustainable yield of a resource is the yield that cannot be exceeded.

FALSE

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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Gathering and Extractive Industries

40. Many developing countries depend on primary commodities for the majority of their export earnings.
TRUE

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Section: 09.04 Trade in Primary Products
Topic: Trade in Primary Products

41. Types of shifting cultivation include swidden, slash-and-burn, milpa, and ladang.

TRUE

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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Aspects of Agriculture

42. Fishing, farming, and mining are gathering industries.

FALSE

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Section: 09.03 Other Primary Activities
Topic: Gathering and Extractive Industries

43. Explain how the tragedy of the commons applies to open seas fishing.

Answers will vary.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
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Section: 09.03 Other Primary Activities
Topic: Gathering and Extractive Industries

44. What is the economic activity that involves movement of people with livestock for pasturage?

Nomadic herding

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Commercial Agriculture

45. What is an often foreign-owned land holding, concentrating on commercial production of a single tropical crop?

Plantation

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Commercial Agriculture

46. What is the name of the form of agriculture that involves rotating fields when soil fertility is exhausted?

Shifting cultivation or swidden agriculture

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: manual
Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Aspects of Agriculture

47. Summarize in words and diagrams the logic and conclusions of the von Thünen model of agricultural land use.

The diagrams and captions of Figure 10.12 provide guidelines to grading this essay question.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: manual
Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Commercial Agriculture

48. Compare and contrast the characterizing features of nomadic herding and those of commercial livestock ranching.

Nomadic herding: subsistence, non-European, wandering, natural forage, without regard to national boundaries or land ownership, in world areas of marginal temperature or rainfall conditions; low population densities.

Livestock ranching: commercial, European settlement areas, marginal land, low capitalization per acre, low population densities.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Aspects of Agriculture

49. Describe the techniques of the Green Revolution. What were its advantages and disadvantages?

The Green Revolution involved high-yielding seed varieties that required high inputs in the form of fertilizers, mechanization, pesticides, and in some cases, irrigation. The Green Revolution produced great increases in yields but required substantial capital investment. Because these seed varieties require substantial inputs, many poor farmers have not participated in the Green Revolution. Costs of the Green Revolution include environmental damage associated with the necessary inputs and reduced agricultural diversity which reduces resiliency against crop failures.

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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Agriculture and Green Revolution

50. Describe swidden agriculture and its adaptability to rising populations.

Shifting cultivation or swidden agriculture only works with low population densities. If population densities increase substantially, the increased demand for agricultural production will lead to land shortages and neglect of proper field rotation schedules. Fields that do not receive a proper fallow period will see declining yields due to poor soil fertility.

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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Aspects of Agriculture

51. Which countries benefited most from the Green Revolution?

Answers will vary, although India and China are mentioned in the text as having experiencing major increases in yields.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember
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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Agriculture and Green Revolution

52. What are the major differences between extensive and intensive subsistence agriculture? Give examples of each.

Extensive subsistence agriculture requires large tracts of land and minimal labor input. Nomadic herding and shifting cultivation are two examples of extensive subsistence agriculture. Intensive subsistence agriculture is just the opposite where lots are smaller and farmers use a lot of manual labor, pesticides, and fertilizers. Rice cultivation in South and East Asia is probably the best example of this type of agricultural activity.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Aspects of Agriculture

53. The production of metallic minerals is primarily based upon the

A. distances to the raw sources, the quantity of the ores and the availability of hydroelectricity.
B. quantity of the ores, the richness of the ores and the ability to refine the ores.
C. quantity of the ores, the richness of the ores and the distance to the markets.
D. richness of the ores, the availability of hydroelectricity and the distance to raw sources.

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Section: 09.03 Other Primary Activities
Topic: Gathering and Extractive Industries

54. Which of the following statements concerning shifting cultivation is not correct?

A. It is also known as slash-and-burn agriculture
B. It increases in direct proportion to advances in technology
C. It involves approximately one-seventh of the world's land area
D. It involves the rotating of fields rather than crops to maintain productivity

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55. As a type of economic system, nomadic herding is

A. growing.
B. declining.
C. directed by the movements of the animals.
D. only profitable in the Sahel.

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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
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56. The chief goal of the Green Revolution was to

A. increase harvest from the amount of available farmland.
B. make farming less costly.
C. increase farm size.
D. equalize women's role with men in farming.

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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Agriculture and Green Revolution

57. Secondary industries are concerned with

A. extraction of natural resources.
B. information processing.
C. adding value to materials by changing their form or combining them into more useful commodities.
D. retailing and wholesaling activities.

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Section: 09.01 Classifying Economic Activity and Economics
Topic: Economic Systems and Stages of Development

58. Which of the following in not characteristic of truck farms?

A. They are classified as extensive commercial agriculture
B. They are located near most medium-sized and large cities
C. They produce a wide range of fruits and vegetables
D. Transport costs are high because of special handling requirements

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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Commercial Agriculture

59. Intensive subsistence agriculture is concentrated in

A. areas with a Mediterranean climate.
B. the Lapland areas of Scandinavia.
C. major river valleys and deltas such as the Ganges.
D. the plains of the Midwest United States.

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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Aspects of Agriculture

60. Which of the following statements regarding the role of women in agriculture is not correct?

A. The advances from the Green Revolution were unkind to women in that it reduced the female role in agricultural development programs
B. Women farmers are responsible for at least fifty percent of the world's food
C. Women farmers share equally with men farmers in the rewards from agriculture
D. Women farmers work longer hours for lower wages than men farmers

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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Agriculture and Green Revolution

61. The vast majority of increase in all grain production worldwide is due to the

A. increase in yield.
B. expansion of farmland.
C. decrease in animal production.
D. increase in world subsistence farming.

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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Agriculture and Green Revolution

62. Mediterranean agriculture is

A. dependent upon large quantities of summer rainfall.
B. known for grapes, olives, oranges and figs.
C. one of the least productive of the agricultural regions.
D. only found in Southern Europe and Northern Africa.

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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Commercial Agriculture

63. In which region is nomadic herding least likely to be found?

A. Mongolia
B. Southeast Asia
C. Northern Scandinavia
D. Sahara Desert

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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Aspects of Agriculture

64. According to the United Nations, urban agriculture accounts for what portion of the world's total food production?

A. One-third
B. One-fifth
C. One-seventh
D. One-tenth

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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Aspects of Agriculture

65. Which statement is true regarding farming activity in the United States?

A. The size of farms is increasing
B. The number of farms is increasing
C. The number of people working in agriculture is increasing
D. The number of "general farms" is increasing

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Topic: Commercial Agriculture

66. Which of the following is not a type of shifting cultivation?

A. Milpa
B. Chitemene
C. Ladang
D. Maquiladoras

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67. Which of the following is characterized by low capitalization per land unit, low population densities, and low labor requirements?

A. Plantation farming
B. Truck farming
C. Extensive commercial farming
D. Collective farms

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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Commercial Agriculture

68. Approximately what percentage of the world's land area is agriculturally unsuitable?

A. 10 percent
B. 25 percent
C. 50 percent
D. 70 percent

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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Agriculture and Green Revolution

69. Which term refers to the largest rate of use of a resource that will not impair its ability to be renewed?

A. Tragedy of the Commons
B. Maximum Sustainable Yield
C. Transhumance
D. Market orientation

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Section: 09.03 Other Primary Activities
Topic: Gathering and Extractive Industries

70. The type of economy where goods and services are created for the use of the producers and their kinship groups is

A. commercial.
B. subsistence.
C. planned.
D. capitalist.

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Section: 09.01 Classifying Economic Activity and Economics
Topic: Economic Systems and Stages of Development

71. The growing merging of older, farm-centered crop economy and newer patterns of more integrated production and marketing systems is termed

A. agribusiness.
B. interdependence.
C. off-farm sale.
D. genetically modified crops.

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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Commercial Agriculture

72. The model of agricultural location that stated that a set of concentric rings of different farm products developed around each major urban market was created by

A. Walter Christaller.
B. Rachel Carson.
C. Julio Cesar Chavez.
D. Johann Heinrich von Thünen.

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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Commercial Agriculture

73. The term used to describe damage done to a public area, such as overfishing and environmental damage to the open seas is known as

A. tragedy of the commons.
B. overharvesting of the oceans.
C. public plunder.
D. maximum profit.

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Section: 09.03 Other Primary Activities
Topic: Gathering and Extractive Industries

74. The breeding of fish in freshwater ponds, lakes, and canals or in fenced-off coastal bays and estuaries or enclosures is

A. marine capture.
B. aquaculture.
C. fish-stocking.
D. inland catch.

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Section: 09.03 Other Primary Activities
Topic: Gathering and Extractive Industries

75. Despite the fact that this industry makes up less than 10 percent of world trade, it has been the road block in all global trade talks

A. manufacturing.
B. mining.
C. agriculture.
D. high tech.

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Section: 09.04 Trade in Primary Products
Topic: Trade in Primary Products

76. The number of undernourished people worldwide, almost all of whom are in developing countries, has climbed to over

A. 1 million.
B. 100 million.
C. 1 billion.
D. 10 billion.

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Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity
Topic: Aspects of Agriculture

77. Which of the following regions is not an area with naturally fertile soils?

A. Midwest United States
B. Central Europe
C. Eastern China
D. Central Australia

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78. In 2008, half of the world’s acreage of genetically modified (GM) crops was in which country?

A. United States
B. Brazil
C. China
D. Russia

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Topic: Agriculture and Green Revolution

79. Which of the following is not one of the three major types of economic systems?

A. Subsistence
B. Commercial
C. Preindustrial
D. Planned

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Section: 09.01 Classifying Economic Activity and Economics
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Chapter 09 Test Bank: Economic Geography: Agriculture and Primary Activities Summary

Category-# of Questions

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation-69

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember-69

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand-7

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply-1

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze-1

Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate-1

Gradable: automatic-69

Gradable: manual-10

Section: 09.01 Classifying Economic Activity and Economics-9

Section: 09.02 Agriculture: Primary Activity-54

Section: 09.03 Other Primary Activities-14

Section: 09.04 Trade in Primary Products-2

Topic: Agriculture and Green Revolution-11

Topic: Aspects of Agriculture-27

Topic: Classification of Economic Activities-3

Topic: Commercial Agriculture-16

Topic: Economic Systems and Stages of Development-7

Topic: Gathering and Extractive Industries-14

Topic: Trade in Primary Products-2