Chapter 17: Physical Illness and Family Stress

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. ______ may be linked to health due to less access to health care, higher and ongoing environmental stress, and a greater likelihood of childhood stress.

A. High academic achievement

B. Low academic achievement

C. High socioeconomic status

D. Low socioeconomic status

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Enduring Characteristics

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. When a husband who is diagnosed with anxiety communicates openly with his wife, receives support from her, and works together with her to manage the anxiety, additional stressors will likely be managed. In contrast, if couples communicate poorly, are not supportive, and live separate lives, additional stressors are more likely to pile up for the couple. These are examples of positive and negative ______.

A. enduring vulnerabilities

B. adaptive processes

C. community characteristics

D. health stressors

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Theoretical Framework

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Chronic illness for children creates a range of stressors. Which of the statements about the range of stressors below is most accurate?

A. The range of stressors is impossible to study empirically.

B. All stressors will resolve within 5 years of diagnosis.

C. All stressors have more of an impact on the siblings of the ill child than others in the family.

D. A range of stressors influences the child, siblings, and parents.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Health Stressors

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Stressors for parents of chronically ill children ______.

A. are always short term

B. are more intense and pervasive than other forms of parental strain

C. can be overcome only through profound personal and institutional support

D. cause permanent damage to a parent’s emotional health

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Health Stressors

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Regardless of socioeconomic status, participants in a study (conducted by Johansson et al. in 2019) who had ______ enjoyed good self-rated health.

A. higher levels of physical activity

B. access to the internet

C. large extended families

D. high academic achievement

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Enduring Characteristics

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Enduring characteristics are ______.

A. limited to genetic traits

B. are abilities that an individual has no control over

C. risk and protective factors

D. always negative

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Theoretical Framework

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Poverty is considered an enduring characteristic because it is ongoing and ______.

A. situational

B. impacts access to health care

C. almost always coexists with mental health problems

D. frequently coexists with child abuse

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Enduring Characteristics

Difficulty Level: Hard

8. A strong indicator of positive outcomes is ______, when illness demands are kept in perspective with other family needs.

A. post-traumatic growth

B. needs-based resource allocation

C. network interaction

D. balanced coping

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Adaptive Processes

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Which of the following demonstrates the relationship between illness perceptions, resources, and outcomes?

A. If a family perceives that the illness is manageable, they will be in a better position to access resources and therefore are more likely to experience resilience in relation to outcomes.

B. If a family perceives that the illness is manageable, they will not pursue the same level of resources, which could negatively impact the illness outcome.

C. If a family perceives that the illness is a tragedy, they will need greater resources and can expect negative illness outcomes.

D. Family perceptions are based on the available resources, which impacts the outcomes.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Adaptive Processes

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Health stressors in a couple relationship vary by ______.

A. type of illness and gender of ill partner

B. gender of ill partner and level of commitment to the relationship

C. financial resources and marital status

D. type of illness and timing of illness

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: When a Spouse or Partner Is Ill

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Which term describes the ability to identify the benefits that result from a difficult experience?

A. balanced coping

B. post-traumatic growth

C. optimism buffer

D. positive multiplier

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Illness Perceptions

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. High parental stress in relation to a child’s illness can often result in the child ______

A. being isolated from social activities

B. falling behind academically

C. experiencing elevated levels of academic achievement

D. seeking legal emancipation

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Outcomes

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. In a study (by Yorgason et al., 2008), health decline was related to a decrease in marital quality, yet ______ was related to an increase in marital quality.

A. an illness followed by a recovery

B. the onset of a disability

C. the simultaneous health decline of two spouses

D. the resulting increase of support from family

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Health Stressors

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Mandy and Javier are a young couple, while Vlad and Boris are a couple approaching old age. The couples met at a support group for patients who have recently been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis and their families. Which of the following is most likely?

A. Mandy and Javier are more likely to experience lower marital happiness post-diagnosis.

B. Vlad is more likely to become Boris’ caretaker than Mandy is to become Javier’s.

C. Vlad and Boris are more likely to experience lower marital happiness post-diagnosis.

D. Boris’ condition will undoubtably be worse than Javier’s.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Enduring Characteristics

Difficulty Level: Hard

15.______ are examples of enduring characteristics.

A. Coping skills and mediation skills

B. Communication skills and emotional health

C. Hobbies and pastimes

D. Religiosity and spirituality

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Enduring Characteristics

Difficulty Level: Hard

16. Illness mechanisms are defined as ______.

A. the way an illness progresses

B. the outcomes associated with an illness

C. the medical treatments needed to manage an illness

D. the life changes required because of an illness

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Adaptive Processes and Outcomes

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. What is a best practice for programs designed to assist families dealing with the chronic illness of a child? These programs should ______.

A. be tailored to specific illnesses

B. be religiously based

C. be holistic

D. speak to a variety of health issues

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Adaptive Processes

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. One partner in a couple has diabetes. The couple learns about the disease, begins to examine their daily stressors, and decides to change their eating habits together. This is an example of ______.

A. a fused relationship

B. shifting roles

C. stress-prompted resources

D. a codependent couple

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Adaptive Processes and Outcomes

Difficulty Level: Hard

19. Positive parenting; maintaining clear boundaries; communicating effectively; being flexible with rules, roles, and expectations; and maintaining family rituals and routines are all examples of ______.

A. balanced coping

B. resources

C. post-traumatic growth

D. outcomes

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Resources

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. Between 2013 and 2015, the number of Americans with access to health care increased because of ______.

A. Social Security

B. the country’s recovery from the 2008 recession

C. rapid urbanization across the United States

D. the Affordable Care Act

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Enduring Characteristics

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. ______ involves hiding negative feelings to avoid hurting a loved one.

A. Protective buffering

B. Balanced coping

C. Resilience

D. Surrender

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Adaptive Processes and Outcomes

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. The ______ caregivers are most likely to assist their parent or parent-in-law with include getting in and out of bed and chairs, and going to and from the toilet.

A. stressors

B. ADLs

C. IDAs

D. instrument

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: When Aging Parents Are Ill

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. Said lives in California. He returns home to Michigan to assist his aging parents, who have a variety of health issues. At first, he checks on them with a daily phone call. As time goes on, he makes daily trips to see them. Finally, he decides they should live together. Zadia leaves in Louisiana. She is at work one day when she gets a call that her mother has fallen. After her mother is released from the hospital, Zadia arranges to sell her mother’s home and uses the money to support them both while she acts as a full-time caregiver. What do these contrasting stories illustrate?

A. parental neglect

B. financial burdens of care

C. diverse pathways to caregiving

D. the support bank

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Physical Health Stressors of Aging Parents

Difficulty Level: Hard

24. Which of the following is an early indicator of compassion fatigue among caregivers for parents or parents-in-law?

A. self-medication

B. somatization

C. PTSD

D. behavioral disengagement

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Outcomes

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. What is the advantage of using large-scale survey research instead of smaller, case study–based research to study the impact of illness on families?

A. Large-scale survey research is less prone to statistical errors.

B. Large-scale survey research provides more personal information.

C. Large-scale survey research is more generalizable.

D. Large-scale survey research is easier to publish.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Illness Characteristics

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. Physical and mental health stressors are linked to individual and family outcomes through enduring characteristics.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Theoretical Framework

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Depression is an example of an enduring vulnerability.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Theoretical Framework

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Coping behaviors, perceptions of a prognosis, and knowledge about an illness are considered adaptive processes.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Theoretical Framework

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. A family that communicates poorly is still likely to be resilient in the face of illness-related stressors.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Theoretical Framework

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. In addition to compassion fatigue, caregivers can experience personal growth and enhanced feelings of mastery.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Outcomes

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Families respond best to treatment programs that are geared toward general chronic illness rather than illnesses specific to their situation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Adaptive Processes

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. For the most part, when a partner is ill, relationship quality declines.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: When a Spouse or Partner Is Ill

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Women are more often caregivers than are men.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Enduring Characteristics

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. When someone with depression experiences chronic back pain (a physical health stressor), the adaptive processes of the family are the same compared with those of a family caring for a person suffering from chronic back pain who does not experience depression.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Theoretical Framework

Difficulty Level: Hard

10. Research suggests that childhood illness may be linked with greater sibling closeness, resulting in increased compassion and companionship.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Health Stressors

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Discuss the impact of health stressors on couple relationships.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Health Stressors

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. What are enduring characteristics? What is the connection between enduring characteristics, stress resulting from caring for an ill parent, and adaptive processes?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Enduring Characteristics

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Outline how various family stress theories can be integrated to address physical health stressors specifically.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Theoretical Framework

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. How does having an ill sibling impact a well child?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Health Stressors

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Identify family resources that have been linked to positive outcomes when childhood physical illness occurs.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Resources

Difficulty Level: Hard