Chapter 16: Family Responses to School and Community Mass Violence

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Among active shooter incidents since 2007, the majority have occurred in ______.

A. educational environments

B. houses of worship

C. commerce or business settings

D. open spaces

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mass Violence: The Context

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. According to the text, greater levels of exposure to an incident of mass violence have been associated with higher levels of ______.

A. post-traumatic symptoms

B. survivor guilt

C. drug addiction

D. physical injuries

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. According to Norris et al. (2002), which type of incident is most likely to result in severe impairment for individuals, families, and communities?

A. technological violence such as an airplane crash

B. mass violence such as a school shooting

C. natural disaster such as a hurricane

D. everyday violence such as a car crash

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Mass Violence: The Context

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Diagnosis of a psychological disorder is common and may be considered when an individual ______.

A. has physical symptoms including difficulty breathing and headaches

B. is agitated, fearful, and overwhelmed immediately following the event

C. has nightmares immediately following the event

D. shows continued symptoms for more than 3 days following a traumatic event

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Mass Violence: The Context

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. A child witnessed a traumatic event and has been struggling in school for the past month. Her behavior is escalating to the home environment where she is fighting with her siblings, refusing to do chores, and having severe tantrums. Her parents are getting more and more frustrated and find themselves getting into daily screaming matches with their daughter. This is an example of ______.

A. alternating traumas

B. stressor pileup

C. reciprocal interaction

D. collective trauma

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Mass Violence: The Context

Difficulty Level: Hard

6. There was a shooting at Mandy’s school, and Mandy heard shots and screams. She was very upset but was surrounded by her nurturing parents and extended family, protected from media coverage, given information that she could handle, and rocked to sleep each night. When she woke in the middle of the night, one of her parents was there right next to her. This is an example of which type of individual resilience interaction effect?

A. risk-activated protective factor

B. an always existing protective factor

C. positive family systems response factor

D. an adaptive response factor

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Theoretical Framework

Difficulty Level: Hard

7. Which term refers to patterns of desirable behavior in situations where adaptive functioning or development has been, or currently is, significantly threatened by adverse experiences?

A. adaptability

B. resilience

C. buoyancy

D. responsiveness

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Theoretical Framework

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Involvement in a support group for survivors of mass violence would be considered a(n) ______.

A. sign of decline

B. risk-activated protective factor

C. medical intervention

D. always existing protective factor

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Theoretical Framework

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Securely attached individuals appeared to have more positive functioning following a school shooting. This implies that ______.

A. the meaning one makes about the event is an important predictor of adjustment

B. the resources one has impact adjustment

C. family protection from media coverage impacts adjustment

D. a strong caregiver–child relationship may play a role in a child’s response to trauma

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Research on Individual Resilience Following Mass Violence

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. What do Triage Assessment System (Myer, 2001), Seven-Stage Model of Crisis Intervention (Roberts, 2000), the National Incident Management System (FEMA, 2020), and PREPaRE (Brock et al., 2009) all have in common?

A. They all provide frameworks and tools for crisis prevention and support efforts after a crisis has occurred.

B. They all provide preventative tools for communities seeking to enhance protective factors at the community level before a crisis ever occurs.

C. They all provide tools to be used by institutions to identify individuals at risk for initiating incidents of mass violence.

D. They are all administered by the Federal Emergency Management System.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Implications for Professionals Working With Families Exposed to Mass Violence Preparedness

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. At the individual level, a factor contributing to family resilience includes ______.

A. having a mature mother

B. adequate income

C. internal locus of control

D. supportive parent–child relationship

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Family Resilience and Mass Trauma

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. The National Child Traumatic Stress Network (2008) encourages professionals to ask three questions to assess their community’s or school’s preparedness to handle a violent event. They include all but ______.

A. if the violent event happened today, how ready is your family or community or school to respond?

B. what are your family, community, or school’s resources and skills to respond to a violent event?

C. does your family, community, or school have the capacity to recover socially and emotionally?

D. how old are the children under your care, and do you have good communication with their parents?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Implications for Professionals Working With Families Exposed to Mass Violence Preparedness

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. ______ refers to the positive outcomes a survivor of a traumatic event, including mass violence, might experience after the event.

A. Mixed bag symptomology

B. Post-traumatic growth

C. Ambiguous loss

D. Post-traumatic gain

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Research on Individual Resilience Following Mass Violence

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. In terms of ______ resilience, effective coping skills, belief systems, social support, emotional regulation, and internal loci of control have been found to be protective factors.

A. family

B. community

C. individual

D. educational

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Responding to Mass Violence: Enhancing Resilience

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. The emotion that occurs when witnessing acts of goodness is called ______.

A. value affirmation

B. elevated empathy

C. affirmed morality

D. moral elevation

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Research on Individual Resilience Following Mass Violence

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. Sandra and her daughter witnessed a shooting at the mall that left several people wounded. Sandra worked with a therapist to support her daughter as well as learn how to manage her feelings. After a year, she has come to realize that the event that they experienced was horrific, but that she and her daughter found strength within themselves that they didn’t know they had. This is an example of ______.

A. self-efficacy

B. making a new meaning of the event

C. social acceptance

D. mastery orientation

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Discover Meaning

Difficulty Level: Hard

17. What concerns are identified in your textbook regarding the feasibility of arming teachers as a method of preventing mass violence in schools?

A. lack of empirical evidence supporting this approach

B. research demonstrating this increases the total number of casualties

C. research demonstrating that teachers will refuse to carry weapons on school grounds

D. It is against many state and federal gun control laws.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Focus on Evidence-Based Practices

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. ______ violence may exacerbate the psychological effects of survivors, who may have persistent fears for their safety and security in the aftermath of such an attack.

A. Emotional

B. Economic

C. Hate-based

D. Retaliatory

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mass Violence: The Context

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. Which of the following training models is designed to assist school professionals and parents in recognizing individual risk factors and connecting individuals to supports?

A. Mental Health First Aid

B. Seven-Stage Model of Crisis Intervention

C. Triage Assessment System

D. PREPaRE

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Implications for Professionals Working With Families Exposed to Mass Violence Preparedness

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. Supportive parent–child interaction, including secure attachment styles, ______, and stable and adequate income are examples of family protective factors.

A. participation in regular religious services

B. traditional family values

C. multiculturalism

D. family cohesion

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Responding to Mass Violence: Enhancing Resilience

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. ______ can contribute to resilience or exacerbate the effects of violent media exposure.

A. Social media

B. Stern parental discipline

C. Support groups

D. Journaling

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Resilient Aspects to Social Media

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. Research has found that frequency and duration of ______ the violent event is associated with negative outcomes, even when controlling for factors such as mental health status prior to the violent event.

A. social media rumors during

B. media exposure of

C. police response to

D. grassroots protests following

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Media Exposure

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. Making meaning out of a violent event is considered a(n) ______ response because it promotes resiliency and healing by making the event more comprehensible and manageable.

A. maladaptive

B. adaptive

C. meta

D. community

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Discover Meaning

Difficulty Level: Hard

24. Why is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) considered effective with individuals and family systems who are struggling to cope with a violent event?

A. It utilizes existing protective factors.

B. It promotes acceptance.

C. It emphasizes external locus of control.

D. It enhances self-efficacy.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Therapy-Based Interventions

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. According to Walsh (2003), family belief system, organizational patterns, and communication and problem-solving are the three key processes for ______.

A. endurance

B. ability to cope

C. empathy

D. resilience

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Theoretical Framework

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. According to a study by Holman et al., children who directly experienced a bombing had higher acute stress than children who watched a bombing through 6 days of daily media coverage.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mass Violence: The Context

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Following mass violence, there are individuals who demonstrate resilience in the midst of the stressors. This can only be attributed to individual traits.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Theoretical Framework

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Degree of exposure to mass violence is more predictive of psychological distress than the degree of loss.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Theoretical Framework

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. A standard set of protective factors are effective across all cultural contexts.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Family Resilience and Mass Trauma

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Bonanno et al. found that education was inversely related to resilience.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Research on Individual Resilience Following Mass Violence

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Delays in linking individuals to their support networks have been found to increase the likelihood of symptoms associated with PTSD.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Organization and Communication

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Mental Health First Aid and QPR Suicide Triage Training equip learners with the tools to treat mental illness.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Implications for Professionals Working With Families Exposed to Mass Violence Preparedness

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Parents who monitor, set limits, and problem solve after mass trauma are more likely to have resilient children.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Family Resilience and Mass Trauma

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Social media can also contribute to resiliency factors following a mass violence event.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Resilient Aspects to Social Media

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Acts of mass violence remain rare in our society.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conclusion

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. Explain Walsh’s (2003) family resilience framework.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Theoretical Framework

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. According to Gewirtz et al. (2008), what impact do parenting practices have on child resilience?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Family Resilience and Mass Trauma

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Why should parents be concerned about media coverage of a school shooting?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Media Exposure

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Outline Benzies and Mychasiuk’s (2009) research on risk and protective factors for family resilience at the individual, family, and community levels.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Family Resilience and Mass Trauma

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. How can professionals working with families exposed to mass violence plan ahead to address mass violence, even before it happens?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Implications for Professionals Working With Families Exposed to Mass Violence Preparedness

Difficulty Level: Hard