Chapter 19: Families Coping With Alcohol and Substance Abuse

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. A biopsychosocial focus looks at substance use and abuse from the consideration of ______.

A. biological considerations, social influences, and psychological factors

B. social networks, biological and genetic factors, and psychopathology

C. genetics, social networks, and mental illness

D. biomechanics, psychological focus, and social factors

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. The term substance use refers to ______.

A. excessive consumption of a substance

B. both experimental and regular use of a substance

C. serious and persistent problems with substances

D. being medically unable to stop using a substance

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. The term substance misuse refers to ______.

A. excessive consumption of a substance

B. both experimental and regular use of a substance

C. serious and persistent problems with substances

D. being medically unable to stop using a substance

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. The term substance abuse refers to ______.

A. excessive consumption of a substance

B. both experimental and regular use

C. meeting at least three criteria on a substance use scale

D. serious and persistent problems with substances

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. The ______ refers to the finding that although immigrants often live in challenging conditions, they experience lower levels of substance abuse.

A. immigrant paradox

B. contradictory migration effect

C. new arrival ethic

D. immigrant exception

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Adolescent Characteristics

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Which of the following statements about research done on children and substance abuse prior to adolescence is most accurate?

A. It would be unethical to study child users, so no research exists.

B. Research tends to focus on childhood predictors of later use rather than correlates of actual substance abuse in childhood.

C. Research trends focus on childhood use and identify that 15% of children between the ages of 8 and 11 use alcohol.

D. Research findings have illustrated that children who show a willingness to follow rules and have one parent who drinks are strong indicators of later use.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Child Characteristics

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Which child characteristics have scholars found to be related to childhood substance use?

A. access to alcohol at home and living with a single parent

B. behavioral disinhibition, especially in females

C. thrill seeking and rejection of authority

D. more tolerance of deviance and deviant self-image

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Child Characteristics

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. An example of an alcohol-specific effect is ______.

A. a parent’s alcoholism

B. the normalization of alcohol use in media

C. smoking only when drinking

D. peer drinking behavior

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Parent Factors

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Contextual factors that influence child substance abuse include ______.

A. low IQ

B. LGBTQ status

C. tasting alcohol with parents

D. living in neighborhoods with troublemaking youth

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Contextual Factors

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. When does substance abuse peak?

A. between the ages of 13 and 18

B. between the ages of 16 and 20

C. between the ages of 20 and 25

D. between the ages of 25 and 29

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Adolescents and Youth and Substance Abuse Problems
Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Sexual minority youth are at ______ for alcohol and drug use.

A. low risk

B. high risk

C. standard risk

D. substandard risk

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Adolescent Characteristics

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Which statement about how the age of onset of drinking impacts later use and abuse is most accurate?

A. If teens began drinking at 12 years or younger, they usually stopped by the time they finished high school.

B. If teens began drinking at 12 years or younger, they had a higher risk of substance abuse as adults than if they held off until they were 16 years old.

C. If teens begin drinking at 12 years or younger, their trajectory of later drinking declines by the time they are 25.

D. Children typically drink in high school. Researchers disagree on when a youth’s drinking impacts their later use.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Adolescents and Youth and Substance Abuse Problems

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. ______ has been found to partially mediate the association between maternal and adolescent alcohol use.

A. Maternal rejection

B. Paternal closeness

C. Maternal closeness

D. Paternal rejection

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Moderators

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. While parental warmth has been found to be a protective factor, ______ has been linked to regular alcohol use in adolescence.

A. maintaining high family expectations

B. having a single parent

C. setting low family expectations

D. overprotection

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Nonsubstance-Specific Parenting Factors

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. ______ was more predictive of substance abuse for girls.

A. Poor parental relationships

B. Indulgent parenting

C. Warm parental relationships

D. Parental monitoring

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Nonsubstance-Specific Parenting Factors

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. Severe parental drinking impacts adolescents in several ways including ______.

A. earlier initiation to alcohol

B. a greater capacity to drink large amounts of alcohol

C. increased likelihood of seeking legal emancipation

D. decreased likelihood of marijuana use

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Substance-Specific Parenting and Family Factors

Difficulty Level: Hard

17. ______ of associations between parental substance use and adolescent behavior identify mechanisms and processes in the transmission of adolescent alcoholism.

A. Intermediaries

B. Moderators

C. Mediators

D. Exacerbators

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Mediators

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. Emotional distress and depressed mood in adolescence have also been found to be a stronger predictor of drinking for ______, whereas negative family functioning (family conflict in particular) is a stronger predictor for girls.

A. boys

B. girls

C. White adolescents

D. low-income youth

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Moderators

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Nonsubstance-specific parenting factors include ______.

A. parental drinking

B. parental drug use

C. supervision and support

D. AA meeting attendance

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Nonsubstance-Specific Parenting Factors

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. Parental support is a ______ that leads to less alcohol use in childhood.

A. protective factor

B. catalyst

C. disruptive factor

D. inhibitor

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Nonsubstance-Specific Parenting Factors

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. Stressful life events, trauma, and family structure are considered ______.

A. substance-specific factors

B. nonsubstance-specific factors

C. developmental factors

D. contextual factors

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Contextual Factors

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. Alcoholic parents are at a higher risk for having children with behavioral problems, and children’s behavioral problems may increase parental stress and lead to more drinking. This is an example of ______.

A. circular reasoning

B. cause and effect

C. the outcomes of poor parenting

D. a bidirectional process

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Bidirectional Processes

Difficulty Level: Hard

23. Research suggests that one positive effect of parents receiving treatment has been ______

A. lower rates of DUI arrests

B. increased child–parent codependency

C. decreased child exposure to parental conflict

D. improved family financial standing

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Issues in Prevention and Treatment

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. Monitoring the Future surveys repeatedly find lower rates of substance use among ______ youth than among European American adolescents.

A. Latinx

B. African American

C. East Asian

D. Australian

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Conclusion

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. Children from antisocial alcoholic families would benefit most from interventions that begin in ______.

A. adolescence

B. preadolescence

C. infancy

D. prenatally

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Issues in Prevention and Treatment

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. According to a study, males are more exposed to risk, but risk exposure is more predictive of alcohol problems for females.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Adolescent Characteristics

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Adolescent substance use has been growing at alarming rates (except for marijuana use) since 1991.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Adolescents and Youth and Substance Abuse Problems

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Adolescents with parents who granted them little autonomy were found to engage in more substance use when they were also more highly engaged in disadvantaged communities.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Adolescents and Youth and Substance Abuse Problems

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Rates of alcohol and other substance use have generally been lower for African American youth than for White and Hispanic youth.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Adolescents and Youth and Substance Abuse Problems

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Sexual minority youth are at a higher risk for alcohol and drug use.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Adolescents and Youth and Substance Abuse Problems

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Low marital satisfaction among parents can be a risk factor for substance use.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Contextual Factors

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Children whose parents abuse substances are less likely to use drugs because they see the damage it does.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Substance-Specific Parenting and Family Factors

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Adoptive parents of children whose biological parents had alcohol, antisocial, depressive, or other psychiatric disorders experienced double the risk of developing their own psychiatric or alcohol-related problems as adoptive parents of children without such a predisposition.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Bidirectional Processes

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Adolescents experiencing current substance abuse have been shown to have more problem behaviors, such as binge drinking, than adolescents with histories of prior abuse.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Contextual Factors

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Parental alcoholism is more likely to lead to children using the avoidant coping style, a tactic associated with poorer adjustment.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Moderators

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. A number of factors operate directly and indirectly with adolescent substance use over time. Identify factors (direct and indirect; protective and risk) and why they impact substance use.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Contextual Factors

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. What child characteristics influence the likelihood of consuming alcohol and the likelihood of abusing alcohol later in life?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Child Characteristics

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Outline how parents influence their children’s drinking behavior through alcohol-specific factors.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Parent Factors

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. What impact does behavioral disinhibition have on adolescent alcohol use?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Adolescent Characteristics

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Contrast alcohol use patterns among at least three racial/ethnic groups. What factors are involved in generating different patterns of alcohol use for these populations?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Adolescent Characteristics

Difficulty Level: Medium