Test Bank Nationalism And Sectionalism, 1815 1828 Ch.9

Chapter 9: Nationalism and Sectionalism, 1815–1828

CORE OBJECTIVES

1. Analyze how the new spirit of nationalism that emerged after the War of 1812 affected economic policies and judicial decisions.

2. Summarize the issues and ideas that promoted sectional conflict during this era.

3. Explain the emergence of the “Era of Good Feelings” and the factors that led to its demise.

4. Identify the federal government’s diplomatic accomplishments during this era, and analyze their impact.

5. Evaluate the influence of Andrew Jackson on national politics in the 1820s and the developments that enabled him to become president.

TRUE/FALSE

1. The United States experienced a period of economic prosperity in the years after the War of 1812.

OBJ: 1. Analyze how the new spirit of nationalism that emerged after the War of 1812 affected economic policies and judicial decisions.

TOP: Postwar Nationalism and Economic Policy

2. Support for the Tariff of 1816 came primarily from the South.

OBJ: 1. Analyze how the new spirit of nationalism that emerged after the War of 1812 affected economic policies and judicial decisions.

TOP: A Protective Tariff

3. Internal improvements such as the National Road were largely financed by the federal government.

OBJ: 1. Analyze how the new spirit of nationalism that emerged after the War of 1812 affected economic policies and judicial decisions.

TOP: Internal Improvements

4. The national bank, federal tariffs, and federally financed internal improvements of the early nineteenth century were all part of a national economic plan called the “American System.”

OBJ: 2. Summarize the issues and ideas that promoted sectional conflict during this era.

TOP: Debates over the American System

5. Henry Clay argued that high tariffs on imported goods were necessary to keep consumer process low.

OBJ: 2. Summarize the issues and ideas that promoted sectional conflict during this era.

TOP: Debates over the American System

6. At the end of his second term President James Madison vetoed a bill for federal expenditures on internal improvements because the Constitution did not specifically authorize such spending.

OBJ: 2. Summarize the issues and ideas that promoted sectional conflict during this era.

TOP: Debates over the American System

7. The “Era of Good Feelings” was marked by peace and prosperity.

OBJ: 3. Explain the emergence of the “Era of Good Feelings” and the factors that led to its demise.

TOP: James Monroe

8. The Bank of the United States quickly ended the panic of 1819 by making credit more easily available.

OBJ: 3. Explain the emergence of the “Era of Good Feelings” and the factors that led to its demise.

TOP: The Panic of 1819

9. As a territory, Missouri had not allowed slavery.

OBJ: 3. Explain the emergence of the “Era of Good Feelings” and the factors that led to its demise.

TOP: The Missouri Compromise

10. The Missouri Compromise was almost undone when Missouri put into its constitution a provision excluding free blacks and mulattoes.

OBJ: 3. Explain the emergence of the “Era of Good Feelings” and the factors that led to its demise.

TOP: The Missouri Compromise

11. The Transcontinental Treaty gave Florida to the United States and clarified the western boundary of the nation.

OBJ: 4. Identify the federal government’s diplomatic accomplishments during this era, and analyze their impact.

TOP: Florida

12. The Monroe Doctrine had no standing in international law.

OBJ: 4. Identify the federal government’s diplomatic accomplishments during this era, and analyze their impact.

TOP: The Monroe Doctrine

13. Four presidential candidates received electoral votes in 1824.

OBJ: 5. Evaluate the influence of Andrew Jackson on national politics in the 1820s and the developments that enabled him to become president.

TOP: The “Corrupt Bargain”

14. John Quincy Adams displayed superb political skills during his term as president.

OBJ: 5. Evaluate the influence of Andrew Jackson on national politics in the 1820s and the developments that enabled him to become president.

TOP: John Quincy Adams

15. The election of 1828 saw many personal insults levied against the candidates.

OBJ: 5. Evaluate the influence of Andrew Jackson on national politics in the 1820s and the developments that enabled him to become president.

TOP: The Election of Andrew Jackson

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. In the immediate aftermath of the War of 1812 there was a distinct __________ sentiment among the people and politicians.

a. nationalist

b. communal

c. religious

d. capitalist

e. segregationist

OBJ: 1. Analyze how the new spirit of nationalism that emerged after the War of 1812 affected economic policies and judicial decisions.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Postwar Nationalism and Economic Policy

MSC: Analyzing

2. Which of the following statements describes James Madison’s second term as president?

a. Madison remained an enemy of a national bank but saw the wisdom of a larger military.

b. Madison embraced tariffs but feared economic nationalism in general.

c. After the War of 1812, Madison drastically cut America’s army and navy.

d. Madison’s political views remained unchanged during his years in office.

e. Madison drifted away from Jefferson’s ideas and adopted some principles of the Federalists.

OBJ: 1. Analyze how the new spirit of nationalism that emerged after the War of 1812 affected economic policies and judicial decisions.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Postwar Nationalism and Economic Policy

MSC: Evaluating

3. In the first half of the nineteenth century, economic nationalism was characterized by support for

a. a national bank, income taxes, and road building.

b. a national bank, protective tariffs, and a larger military.

c. a national bank, lower taxes, and canals.

d. a national bank, reduced federal power, and protective tariffs.

e. income taxes, canals, roads, and bridges.

OBJ: 1. Analyze how the new spirit of nationalism that emerged after the War of 1812 affected economic policies and judicial decisions.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Postwar Nationalism and Economic Policy

MSC: Evaluating

4. When it was established by Congress, the Second Bank of the United States was

a. feared by Federalists.

b. intended to keep and distribute all federal funds.

c. intended to print all the paper money needed by the government.

d. opposed by Calhoun, Clay, and Madison.

e. intended to stop economic growth in the unstable United States.

OBJ: 1. Analyze how the new spirit of nationalism that emerged after the War of 1812 affected economic policies and judicial decisions.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: The Bank of the United States

MSC: Applying

5. Which of the following statements correctly describes the result of Congress’s passage of the Tariff of 1816?

a. It heavily taxed exported goods to aid southern planters.

b. It lightly taxed domestic goods and benefited those in the Northeast.

c. It heavily taxed all imported goods and hindered the North.

d. It heavily taxed many imported goods, which largely benefited the Northeast.

e. It lightly taxed some imported goods and benefited southerners.

OBJ: 1. Analyze how the new spirit of nationalism that emerged after the War of 1812 affected economic policies and judicial decisions.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: A Protective Tariff

MSC: Analyzing

6. The first national roadway authorized by Congress was called the

a. Washington Road.

b. Federal Road.

c. National Road.

d. Western Road.

e. Road of the Nation.

OBJ: 1. Analyze how the new spirit of nationalism that emerged after the War of 1812 affected economic policies and judicial decisions.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Internal Improvements

MSC: Remembering

7. Which of the following occurred because of the efforts of Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall?

a. The powers of the federal government grew, as did those of the states.

b. The powers of the federal government and the judicial branch increased.

c. The Court took control of governing the United States.

d. The states got stronger, but the Court weakened itself.

e. The Court and the federal government lost authority.

OBJ: 1. Analyze how the new spirit of nationalism that emerged after the War of 1812 affected economic policies and judicial decisions.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Postwar Nationalism and the Supreme Court

MSC: Analyzing

8. In the case of McCulloch v. Maryland, the Marshall court did which of the following?

a. It upheld the constitutionality of the national bank.

b. It ruled against Congress.

c. It ruled in favor of the state of Maryland.

d. It delivered a split decision.

e. It established judicial review for the Supreme Court.

OBJ: 1. Analyze how the new spirit of nationalism that emerged after the War of 1812 affected economic policies and judicial decisions.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Protecting a National Currency

MSC: Understanding

9. The Supreme Court under Chief Justice John Marshall affirmed the right of Congress to regulate commerce between states in the case

a. Marbury v. Madison.

b. Cohens v. Virginia.

c. Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee.

d. Gibbons v. Ogden.

e. Fletcher v. Peck.

OBJ: 1. Analyze how the new spirit of nationalism that emerged after the War of 1812 affected economic policies and judicial decisions.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Regulating Interstate Commerce

MSC: Understanding

10. Henry Clay sought to sustain Alexander Hamilton’s vision of a diversified national economy, which would include

a. low tariffs, cotton production, and trade with China.

b. agriculture, industry, and commerce.

c. refining, transportation, and research and development.

d. modern diversified farming at the expense of industrialization.

e. industrialization at the expense of diversified agriculture.

OBJ: 2. Summarize the issues and ideas that promoted sectional conflict during this era.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Debates over the American System

MSC: Understanding

11. Which of the following correctly described the American System?

a. It was an effort to decentralize government in the United States.

b. It referred to a group of policies designed to help America work with Great Britain.

c. It was a federal government-led initiative intended to get America’s various regions to work and thrive together.

d. It was clearly motivated by the idea of states’ rights.

e. It ignored the concerns of individual regions.

OBJ: 2. Summarize the issues and ideas that promoted sectional conflict during this era.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Debates over the American System

MSC: Understanding

12. Under the American System, which of the following was true?

a. Tariff revenues would be used to finance internal improvements.

b. Eligibility to vote in federal elections would be increased.

c. State and local banks would be abolished.

d. States operated completely independently of each other.

e. The South would always benefit.

OBJ: 2. Summarize the issues and ideas that promoted sectional conflict during this era.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Debates over the American System

MSC: Analyzing

13. Which of the following is a true statement describing the American System?

a. It was immediately popular and resulted in long-term regional harmony.

b. It was initially popular but ultimately led to increasing sectionalism.

c. It was never popular except in New England.

d. It was supported by Federalists in New England and the Northwest only.

e. There were never any internal improvement projects financed under it.

OBJ: 2. Summarize the issues and ideas that promoted sectional conflict during this era.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Debates over the American System

MSC: Understanding

14. As America moved __________ during the nineteenth century, __________ became more controversial.

a. south; immigration

b. north; tariffs

c. west; slavery

d. east; a national bank

e. east; slavery

OBJ: 2. Summarize the issues and ideas that promoted sectional conflict during this era.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Debates over the American System

MSC: Evaluating

15. According to Thomas Jefferson, __________ was “like a firebell in the night.”

a. increasing sectionalism

b. economic nationalism

c. judicial nationalism

d. expansion of slavery westward

e. foreign immigration

OBJ: 2. Summarize the issues and ideas that promoted sectional conflict during this era.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Debates over the American System

MSC: Understanding

16. President James Monroe was

a. part of a “Virginia dynasty” of elected presidents.

b. a Virginian and a Federalist.

c. politically inexperienced.

d. completely unqualified for the presidency.

e. not well respected among his peers.

OBJ: 3. Explain the emergence of the “Era of Good Feelings” and the factors that led to its demise.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: James Monroe

MSC: Evaluating

17. By the time James Monroe became president, the __________ party was the dominant political entity in the nation.

a. Democratic

b. Whig

c. Republican

d. Know-Nothing

e. Independent

OBJ: 3. Explain the emergence of the “Era of Good Feelings” and the factors that led to its demise.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: James Monroe

MSC: Understanding

18. Which of the following statements about James Monroe’s election to the presidency was true?

a. It corresponded with the signing of the Treaty of Ghent.

b. It meant the party in charge of the country changed.

c. It ended the Virginia Dynasty.

d. It coincided with the start of the “Era of Good Feelings.”

e. It was the first time a slaveholder had been president.

OBJ: 3. Explain the emergence of the “Era of Good Feelings” and the factors that led to its demise.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: James Monroe

MSC: Remembering

19. The “Era of Good Feelings” was

a. a decade of peace and prosperity.

b. an era of economic strength and political goodwill.

c. actually begun under the presidency of Jefferson.

d. ended by the Mexican-American War.

e. dominated by the Federalist Party.

OBJ: 3. Explain the emergence of the “Era of Good Feelings” and the factors that led to its demise.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: James Monroe

MSC: Understanding

20. Which of the following statements regarding the “Era of Good Feelings” is true?

a. It began with the Panic of 1819 and ended with the Missouri Compromise.

b. Politicians were unable to put aside sectional divisions.

c. Monroe was popular during this period.

d. Americans held negative feelings about the future of their country.

e. The United States economy was doing poorly.

OBJ: 3. Explain the emergence of the “Era of Good Feelings” and the factors that led to its demise.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: James Monroe

MSC: Understanding

21. Which of the following factors caused the Panic of 1819 and the subsequent economic depression?

a. A rise in cotton prices

b. Industrial competition from Great Britain

c. Reckless borrowing

d. Deflated currency

e. An increase in land values

OBJ: 3. Explain the emergence of the “Era of Good Feelings” and the factors that led to its demise.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: The Panic of 1819

MSC: Analyzing

22. In the wake of the Panic of 1819, many in the South and West blamed

a. President Monroe.

b. eastern industrialists.

c. the national bank.

d. Henry Clay.

e. slave holders.

OBJ: 3. Explain the emergence of the “Era of Good Feelings” and the factors that led to its demise.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: The Panic of 1819

MSC: Understanding

23. By 1819, which of the following was true?

a. Slave states outnumbered free states.

b. Free states outnumbered slave states.

c. The Constitution expressly forbade slavery west of the Mississippi River.

d. There was an equal number of slave and free states.

e. All states were on a course to abolish slavery.

OBJ: 3. Explain the emergence of the “Era of Good Feelings” and the factors that led to its demise.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: The Missouri Compromise

MSC: Remembering

24. At the time of the Missouri Compromise, southern slave owners argued that keeping slavery out of the western territories could lead to

a. an economic crisis.

b. a national labor shortage.

c. inflated wages and prices.

d. disunion and civil war.

e. political party reorganization.

OBJ: 3. Explain the emergence of the “Era of Good Feelings” and the factors that led to its demise.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: The Missouri Compromise

MSC: Understanding

25. The final compromise over Missouri allowed it to be admitted as a slave state and __________ to be admitted as a free state.

a. North Dakota

b. Illinois

c. Michigan

d. Wisconsin

e. Maine

OBJ: 3. Explain the emergence of the “Era of Good Feelings” and the factors that led to its demise.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: The Missouri Compromise

MSC: Remembering

26. At the time of the Missouri Compromise, which of the following was true?

a. No slave states allowed any blacks to be citizens.

b. Some states allowed free blacks to be citizens.

c. Massachusetts was applying for statehood.

d. James Tallmadge Jr. was forced to resign from Congress.

e. John Quincy Adams had been elected to the presidency.

OBJ: 3. Explain the emergence of the “Era of Good Feelings” and the factors that led to its demise.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: The Missouri Compromise

MSC: Understanding

27. Which of the following statements regarding the Rush-Bagot Agreement is correct?

a. The agreement was between the United States and France.

b. The agreement increased tension between the United States and Great Britain.

c. The agreement dealt with boundaries between the United States and Canada.

d. John Quincy Adams oversaw the negotiations for the United States.

e. The agreement came during Andrew Jackson’s administration.

OBJ: 4. Identify the federal government’s diplomatic accomplishments during this era, and analyze their impact.

NAT: Historical Interpretations

TOP: Relations with Britain

MSC: Understanding

28. Which of the following accurately described the Convention of 1818?

a. It settled the dispute over the northern boundary of the Louisiana Purchase.

b. It made Oregon a state of the union.

c. It was negotiated between the United States and France.

d. It increased tensions between the United States and Great Britain.

e. It was an example of economic nationalism.

OBJ: 4. Identify the federal government’s diplomatic accomplishments during this era, and analyze their impact.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Relations with Britain

MSC: Understanding

29. By the early nineteenth century, Spain was __________ in North America.

a. a growing political force

b. a tremendous political foe of the United States

c. an increasingly diverse empire

d. a declining power

e. unable to stop the United States from acquiring southwestern territories

OBJ: 4. Identify the federal government’s diplomatic accomplishments during this era, and analyze their impact.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Florida

MSC: Analyzing

30. Which of the following statements about Andrew Jackson’s relationship with Florida was true?

a. He invaded Florida with full congressional and presidential approval.

b. He and his troops were welcomed by the Spaniards and Indians in Florida with open arms.

c. He took his orders regarding Florida directly from Secretary of State Calhoun.

d. He became a hero to most Americans as a result of his invasion of Florida.

e. He found his troops were no match for the Indians in Florida.

OBJ: 4. Identify the federal government’s diplomatic accomplishments during this era, and analyze their impact.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Florida

MSC: Understanding

31. Which of the following statements regarding the Adams-Onís Treaty is correct?

a. The United States acquired Florida from Spain.

b. The treaty caused boundary disputes between Texas and New Spain.

c. The United States paid $10 million to the Spanish.

d. The United States received $5 million in the agreement.

e. The United States received Louisiana from the agreement.

OBJ: 4. Identify the federal government’s diplomatic accomplishments during this era, and analyze their impact.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Florida

MSC: Understanding

32. According to the textbook, the most important diplomatic policy crafted by the Monroe administration involved

a. preventing future European colonization in the Western Hemisphere.

b. acquiring access to seaports in California.

c. an agreement to build U.S. naval bases in the Caribbean.

d. a comprehensive trade agreement with China.

e. brokering a peace agreement between Great Britain and France.

OBJ: 4. Identify the federal government’s diplomatic accomplishments during this era, and analyze their impact.

NAT: Historical Interpretations

TOP: The Monroe Doctrine

MSC: Understanding

33. Which of the following statements regarding the Monroe Doctrine is accurate?

a. The doctrine made the United States feared throughout Europe.

b. The doctrine could not be enforced.

c. The doctrine was perhaps the least important diplomatic policy of Monroe’s presidency.

d. John Quincy Adams did not support the Monroe Doctrine.

e. The doctrine was a weak statement on Monroe’s part.

OBJ: 4. Identify the federal government’s diplomatic accomplishments during this era, and analyze their impact.

NAT: Comparisons and Connections

TOP: The Monroe Doctrine

MSC: Evaluating

34. Although the Monroe Doctrine has never had any official standing in international law, it has served as an important __________ of American foreign policy in the Western Hemisphere.

a. psychological advantage

b. symbolic statement

c. piece of diplomatic leverage

d. myth of superiority

e. false sense of security

OBJ: 4. Identify the federal government’s diplomatic accomplishments during this era, and analyze their impact.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: The Monroe Doctrine

MSC: Evaluating

35. Which of the following was one of several politicians who campaigned to succeed James Monroe in the White House?

a. John Marshall

b. James McCulloch

c. James Madison

d. William Crawford

e. John Quincy Adams

OBJ: 5. Evaluate the influence of Andrew Jackson on national politics in the 1820s and the developments that enabled him to become president.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: One-Party Politics

MSC: Applying

36. Which of the following made Andrew Jackson an attractive presidential candidate?

a. His call to focus less on the military

b. His association with the aristocracy

c. His strong ties to Great Britain

d. His support of the American System

e. His appeal to the common man

OBJ: 5. Evaluate the influence of Andrew Jackson on national politics in the 1820s and the developments that enabled him to become president.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Presidential Nominations

MSC: Evaluating

37. The “Corrupt Bargain” was an agreement between John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay to

a. support Clay’s bid for the presidency.

b. make Clay Adams’ vice president.

c. name Clay to the office of Secretary of State if he supported Adams.

d. pay members of the House of Representatives to vote for Adams.

e. pay members of the House of Representatives to vote for Clay.

OBJ: 5. Evaluate the influence of Andrew Jackson on national politics in the 1820s and the developments that enabled him to become president.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: The “Corrupt Bargain”

MSC: Understanding

38. Which of the following statements describes John Quincy Adams as president?

a. He was blunt but very effective as president.

b. He was stubborn but very popular with the common man.

c. He was a very intelligent but ineffective president.

d. He was elitist and completely unqualified.

e. He was an able compromiser.

OBJ: 5. Evaluate the influence of Andrew Jackson on national politics in the 1820s and the developments that enabled him to become president.

NAT: Comparisons and Connections

TOP: John Quincy Adams

MSC: Understanding

39. Which of the following statements correctly describes the presidential election of 1828?

a. It was characterized by goodwill.

b. It was vicious on both sides.

c. It was largely ignored by the American voters.

d. It affirmed that only the educated should lead in politics.

e. It was the first time women were allowed to vote.

OBJ: 5. Evaluate the influence of Andrew Jackson on national politics in the 1820s and the developments that enabled him to become president.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: The Election of Andrew Jackson

MSC: Understanding

40. As the nineteenth century progressed, __________ were able to vote.

a. more individuals

b. fewer individuals

c. only white citizens

d. non-citizens

e. immigrants who were legal residents

OBJ: 5. Evaluate the influence of Andrew Jackson on national politics in the 1820s and the developments that enabled him to become president.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: The Rise of the “Common Man” in Politics

MSC: Understanding

ESSAY

1. What was the “Era of Good Feelings”? How did it arise? Why did it decline?

Answers will vary.

2. Discuss the causes and results of the Panic of 1819.

Answers will vary.

3. Discuss the reasons why the spirit of nationalism immediately after the War of 1812 soon evolved into increasing sectionalism.

Answers will vary.

4. What were the issues over Missouri statehood in 1819? How did the controversy pit national interests against sectional interests?

Answers will vary.

5. Describe how the election of Andrew Jackson in 1828 and his two terms in office signaled a change in U.S. politics.

Answers will vary.

MATCHING

Match each person with one of the following descriptions.

a. Was a nationalist chief justice

b. Was an active proponent of the American System

c. Was elected president in 1824 despite coming in second in the electoral vote.

d. Dismissed the Monroe Doctrine with “profound contempt”

e. Wrote South Carolina Exposition and Protest

f. Introduced an amendment to ban slavery from Missouri

g. Led military campaigns against the Seminoles in Florida

h. Was a presidential candidate in 1824 from Georgia

i. Was president during the “Era of Good Feelings”

j. Predicted the national bank would arm the interests of the West

1. John Q. Adams

2. John C. Calhoun

3. Henry Clay

4. William Crawford

5. Andrew Jackson

6. Czar Alexander I

7. John Marshall

8. James Monroe

9. James Tallmadge, Jr.

10. Thomas Hart Benton