Shi The Jacksonian Era, 1828 1840 Full Test Bank Ch.10

Chapter 10: The Jacksonian Era, 1828–1840

CORE OBJECTIVES

1. Describe Andrew Jackson’s major beliefs regarding democracy, the presidency, and the proper role of government in the nation’s economy.

2. Evaluate Jackson’s response to the nullification crisis.

3. Analyze Jackson’s legacy regarding the status of Indians in American society.

4. Explain the causes of the economic depression of the late 1830s and the emergence of the Whig party.

5. Assess the strengths and weaknesses of Jackson’s transformational presidency.

TRUE/FALSE

1. During President Andrew Jackson’s presidency of the late 1820s to 1830s, politics in America became more democratic.

OBJ: 1. Describe Andrew Jackson’s major beliefs regarding democracy, the presidency, and the proper role of government in the nation’s economy.

TOP: Jacksonian Democracy

2. The Tariff of 1828 was also known as the “tariff of abominations.”

OBJ: 2. Evaluate Jackson’s response to the nullification crisis.

TOP: Calhoun and the Tariff

3. The political theory of “nullification” was meant to protect states’ rights against federal authority.

OBJ: 2. Evaluate Jackson’s response to the nullification crisis.

TOP: Calhoun and the Tariff

4. In the midst of the nullification crisis, John C. Calhoun resigned as vice president.

OBJ: 2. Evaluate Jackson’s response to the nullification crisis.

TOP: The South Carolina Nullification Ordinance

5. President Jackson’s response to the nullification crisis was to ask Congress to raise the tariff.

OBJ: 2. Evaluate Jackson’s response to the nullification crisis.

TOP: Clay’s Compromise

6. Osceola led the Seminole resistance against federal government attempts to remove them from their lands.

OBJ: 3. Analyze Jackson’s legacy regarding the status of Indians in American society.

TOP: Indian Removal

7. The Cherokee Nation sued the state of Georgia in the early 1830s and the Supreme Court favored the argument that ancestral lands could not be taken from them.

OBJ: 3. Analyze Jackson’s legacy regarding the status of Indians in American society.

TOP: The Trail of Tears

8. The Cherokee Indians were forced westward on the route that came to be known as the Trail of Tears.

OBJ: 3. Analyze Jackson’s legacy regarding the status of Indians in American society.

TOP: The Trail of Tears

9. Andrew Jackson used his popularity in winning a decisive second term in 1832 to bolster the economic powers of the Second National Bank.

OBJ: 4. Explain the causes of the economic depression of the late 1830s and the emergence of the Whig party.

TOP: The Removal of Government Deposits

10. The Distribution Act provided for each veteran of the War of 1812 to receive 360 acres of land in the West.

OBJ: 4. Explain the causes of the economic depression of the late 1830s and the emergence of the Whig party.

TOP: The Money Question

11. Most Whigs were states’ rights advocates.

OBJ: 4. Explain the causes of the economic depression of the late 1830s and the emergence of the Whig party.

TOP: The Whig Coalition

12. The Panic of 1837 was the worst economic crisis the United States had experienced up to that point in its history.

OBJ: 4. Explain the causes of the economic depression of the late 1830s and the emergence of the Whig party.

TOP: The Eighth President

13. Martin Van Buren opposed the establishment of an independent treasury.

OBJ: 4. Explain the causes of the economic depression of the late 1830s and the emergence of the Whig party.

TOP: An Independent Treasury

14. By the third decade of the nineteenth century the U.S. population was doubling every 23 years.

OBJ: 5. Assess the strengths and weaknesses of Jackson’s transformational presidency.

TOP: Jackson’s Legacy

15. Jacksonian democracy involved the extension of voting rights to blacks, Indians, and women.

OBJ: 5. Assess the strengths and weaknesses of Jackson’s transformational presidency.

TOP: A New Political Landscape

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. During the 1820s and ’30s, more and more __________ were allowed to vote and hold office.

a. landless white males

b. married women

c. free blacks in the North

d. immigrants who were legal residents

e. citizens in western territories

OBJ: 1. Describe Andrew Jackson’s major beliefs regarding democracy, the presidency, and the proper role of government in the nation’s economy.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Jacksonian Democracy

MSC: Understanding

2. Which of the following was a goal of Jackson’s administration?

a. Paying off the national debt

b. Creating a national bank

c. Protecting Native American lands

d. Ending slavery

e. Limiting presidential authority

OBJ: 1. Describe Andrew Jackson’s major beliefs regarding democracy, the presidency, and the proper role of government in the nation’s economy.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Jacksonian Democracy

MSC: Understanding

3. According to the textbook, Andrew Jackson was the most openly __________ president in the history of the United States up to that point.

a. congenial

b. partisan

c. bipartisan

d. divisive

e. unqualified

OBJ: 1. Describe Andrew Jackson’s major beliefs regarding democracy, the presidency, and the proper role of government in the nation’s economy.

NAT: Historical Interpretations

TOP: Jacksonian Democracy

MSC: Understanding

4. What did Jackson consider a “national curse”?

a. Slavery

b. Forced Indian removal

c. The federal debt

d. The spoils system

e. Subservience to Great Britain

OBJ: 1. Describe Andrew Jackson’s major beliefs regarding democracy, the presidency, and the proper role of government in the nation’s economy.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Jacksonian Democracy

MSC: Understanding

5. The term __________ was given to Jackson’s policy of replacing government officials with his own friends and supporters once he was elected.

a. bureaucratic malfeasance

b. spoils system

c. Trail of Tears

d. corrupt bargain

e. Eaton affair

OBJ: 1. Describe Andrew Jackson’s major beliefs regarding democracy, the presidency, and the proper role of government in the nation’s economy.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: The Spoils System and Presidential Conventions

MSC: Understanding

6. Why did Jackson veto the Maysville Road Bill?

a. It was a local matter, outside of Congressional authority.

b. He wanted to anger his political rival Calhoun.

c. He decided to take a stand for principled government.

d. It was explicitly unconstitutional.

e. He had told Congress not to pass it.

OBJ: 1. Describe Andrew Jackson’s major beliefs regarding democracy, the presidency, and the proper role of government in the nation’s economy.

NAT: Historical Interpretations

TOP: Internal Improvements

MSC: Analyzing

7. When Jackson became president, he was convinced the nation must be saved from

a. banks.

b. the British.

c. corrupt politicians.

d. the Republicans.

e. the Democrats.

OBJ: 1. Describe Andrew Jackson’s major beliefs regarding democracy, the presidency, and the proper role of government in the nation’s economy.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: The Bank War

MSC: Analyzing

8. During the 1820s, South Carolina experienced widespread emigration out of the state. What did most citizens of South Carolina believe to be the cause of this exodus?

a. Indian removal

b. The protective tariff

c. The nullification crisis

d. The corrupt bargain

e. The Dust Bowl

OBJ: 2. Evaluate Jackson’s response to the nullification crisis.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Calhoun and the Tariff

MSC: Understanding

9. The tariff of 1828 was known as the __________ by its detractors.

a. Mongrel Tariff

b. Not-Protective Tariff

c. Corrupt Bargain

d. Tariff of Abominations

e. Axis of Evil

OBJ: 2. Evaluate Jackson’s response to the nullification crisis.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Calhoun and the Tariff

MSC: Remembering

10. The South Carolina Exposition and Protest was written by

a. Martin Van Buren.

b. Andrew Jackson.

c. James Eaton.

d. John C. Calhoun.

e. Daniel Webster.

OBJ: 2. Evaluate Jackson’s response to the nullification crisis.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Calhoun and the Tariff

MSC: Understanding

11. The belief that a state could decide if a federal law was enforced within their borders was known as

a. eradication.

b. denuncification.

c. nullification.

d. states’ rights.

e. invalidation.

OBJ: 2. Evaluate Jackson’s response to the nullification crisis.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Calhoun and the Tariff

MSC: Understanding

12. What event in 1830 brought more focus to the increasing differences between the North and South?

a. The Tariff of Abominations

b. The Webster-Hayne debate

c. The corrupt bargain

d. The Coffin handbill

e. The Emancipation Proclamation

OBJ: 2. Evaluate Jackson’s response to the nullification crisis.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: The Webster-Hayne Debate

MSC: Analyzing

13. In the controversy over “nullification” and the possible threat of secession by states’ rights advocates, President Jackson could be described as a

a. secessionist.

b. bipartisan negotiator.

c. unionist.

d. Jeffersonian

e. republicanism advocate.

OBJ: 2. Evaluate Jackson’s response to the nullification crisis.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Jackson versus Calhoun

MSC: Analyzing

14. In the 1830s, __________ was the only state in which the majority of the population were slaves.

a. Texas

b. Tennessee

c. Virginia

d. South Carolina

e. Missouri

OBJ: 2. Evaluate Jackson’s response to the nullification crisis.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: The South Carolina Nullification Ordinance

MSC: Remembering

15. When South Carolina declared the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 null and void, how many other states also endorsed nullification?

a. All of them

b. None of them

c. Five others

d. Fifteen others

e. All the southern states

OBJ: 2. Evaluate Jackson’s response to the nullification crisis.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Jackson’s Firm Response

MSC: Understanding

16. Although Jackson was against an overreaching federal government, the __________ showed that he was not always a supporter of states’ rights.

a. Force Bill

b. Indian removal policy

c. death of the bank

d. corrupt bargain

e. Maysville veto

OBJ: 2. Evaluate Jackson’s response to the nullification crisis.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Clay’s Compromise

MSC: Evaluating

17. The “Force Bill” desired by President Jackson would have authorized him to use __________ to force states to comply with federal law.

a. state militias

b. the National Guard

c. local police forces

d. the U.S. Army

e. privately recruited mercenaries

OBJ: 2. Evaluate Jackson’s response to the nullification crisis.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Clay’s Compromise

MSC: Understanding

18. According to the textbook, Jackson’s lowest moment as president came during the

a. Stamp Act crisis.

b. corrupt bargain.

c. death of the Bank of the United States.

d. Indian relocation.

e. nullification crisis.

OBJ: 3. Analyze Jackson’s legacy regarding the status of Indians in American society.

NAT: Historical Interpretations

TOP: Jackson’s Indian Policy

MSC: Evaluating

19. In what areas did the Indian Removal Act of 1830 affect Native Americans the most?

a. The coasts

b. South and East

c. Midwest and West

d. California and Arizona

e. Texas and Oklahoma

OBJ: 3. Analyze Jackson’s legacy regarding the status of Indians in American society.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Indian Removal

20. A number of prominent Americans advised against Jackson’s Indian removal policy, including

a. Mark Twain.

b. James Monroe.

c. Nathaniel Hawthorne.

d. Herman Melville.

e. Davy Crockett.

OBJ: 3. Analyze Jackson’s legacy regarding the status of Indians in American society.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Indian Removal

MSC: Remembering

21. Although most northern Indian tribes were too weak to resist removal westward, the __________ peoples fought to try to remain in the Illinois and Wisconsin Territories.

a. Sauk and Fox

b. Oto and Ute

c. Dakota and Lakota

d. Cree and Oneida

e. Hopi and Navajo

OBJ: 3. Analyze Jackson’s legacy regarding the status of Indians in American society.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Indian Removal

MSC: Remembering

22. What Native American people waged a guerrilla war against the U.S. Army in the 1830s to prevent being removed from their ancestral lands?

a. Creeks

b. Sioux

c. Choctaws

d. Cherokees

e. Seminoles

OBJ: 3. Analyze Jackson’s legacy regarding the status of Indians in American society.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Indian Removal

MSC: Remembering

23. When this Native American chief was captured by the United States, the conflict with the Seminoles in Florida slowly came to an end.

a. Black Fox

b. Crazy Horse

c. Geronimo

d. Osceola

e. Buffalo Hump

OBJ: 3. Analyze Jackson’s legacy regarding the status of Indians in American society.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Indian Removal

MSC: Remembering

24. According to the textbook, which of the following Native American tribes came closest to adopting the customs of white Americans?

a. Seminoles

b. Sioux

c. Karankawa

d. Cherokee

e. Fox

OBJ: 3. Analyze Jackson’s legacy regarding the status of Indians in American society.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: The Trail of Tears

MSC: Understanding

25. In what case did the Supreme Court rule that Native American tribes did not have to give up their land involuntarily?

a. McCullough v. Maryland

b. Marshall v. Madison

c. Chippewa v. Jackson

d. Cherokee Nation v. Georgia

e. Worcester v. Georgia

OBJ: 3. Analyze Jackson’s legacy regarding the status of Indians in American society.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: The Trail of Tears

MSC: Understanding

26. In the case of __________ the Supreme Court ruled that Georgia law had no force within the Cherokee nation.

a. McCullough v. Maryland

b. Marshall v. Madison

c. Chippewa v. Jackson

d. Cherokee Nation v. Georgia

e. Worcester v. Georgia

OBJ: 3. Analyze Jackson’s legacy regarding the status of Indians in American society.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: The Trail of Tears

MSC: Understanding

27. The tribe most affected by the Trail of Tears was the

a. Cherokee.

b. Sioux.

c. Fox.

d. Cheyenne.

e. Chippewa.

OBJ: 3. Analyze Jackson’s legacy regarding the status of Indians in American society.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: The Trail of Tears

MSC: Understanding

28. The destination of the Trail of Tears was present-day

a. Texas.

b. Oklahoma.

c. Arkansas.

d. Wyoming.

e. Wisconsin.

OBJ: 3. Analyze Jackson’s legacy regarding the status of Indians in American society.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: The Trail of Tears

MSC: Remembering

29. In preparing for the 1832 election, both major political parties followed the example of the __________ in holding national nominating conventions.

a. Whig party

b. Know-Nothings

c. American party

d. Anti-Masonic party

e. Federalist party

OBJ: 4. Explain the causes of the economic depression of the late 1830s and the emergence of the Whig party.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: The 1832 Election

MSC: Understanding

30. During the Bank War, President Jackson ordered the

a. creation of “pet banks” for federal deposits.

b. creation of a sub-treasury not open to the public.

c. continuation of the Bank of the United States’ charter.

d. establishment of the Federal Reserve.

e. abolishment of paper currency.

OBJ: 4. Explain the causes of the economic depression of the late 1830s and the emergence of the Whig party.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: The Removal of Government Deposits

MSC: Understanding

31. Which of the following was a destabilizing factor in the U.S. economy in the mid-1830s despite a balanced federal budget?

a. An imbalance in foreign trade

b. The amount of paper money in circulation

c. Not enough gold in U.S. reserves

d. A phenomenon known later a “stagflation”

e. President Van Buren’s lack of economic knowledge

OBJ: 4. Explain the causes of the economic depression of the late 1830s and the emergence of the Whig party.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: The Money Question

MSC: Analyzing

32. Despite President Jackson’s attempt to get a federal law passed that would censor certain publications, his efforts actually strengthened __________ movements.

a. nativist

b. nationalist

c. abolitionist

d. socialist

e. states’ rights

OBJ: 4. Explain the causes of the economic depression of the late 1830s and the emergence of the Whig party.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Censoring the Mail

MSC: Evaluating

33. An anti-Jackson coalition hostile to his authoritarian style organized into the __________ party in the mid-1830s.

a. Whig

b. Democrat

c. Know-Nothing

d. American party

e. Federalists

OBJ: 4. Explain the causes of the economic depression of the late 1830s and the emergence of the Whig party.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: The Whig Coalition

MSC: Understanding

34. Which of the following parties supported federal spending for internal improvements to foster economic growth?

a. Whigs

b. Democrats

c. Know-Nothings

d. American party

e. Federalists

OBJ: 4. Explain the causes of the economic depression of the late 1830s and the emergence of the Whig party.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: The Whig Coalition

MSC: Understanding

35. Catholics from Germany and Ireland, arriving in the 1830s, were often attracted to the policies of the _______ party.

a. Democratic

b. Republican

c. Jacksonian

d. Whig

e. American

OBJ: 4. Explain the causes of the economic depression of the late 1830s and the emergence of the Whig party.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: The Whig Coalition

MSC: Understanding

36. One major factor leading to the Panic of 1837 was

a. hyperinflation.

b. hypoinflation.

c. Jackson’s support of the Second National Bank.

d. Van Buren’s foreign policy.

e. declining British demand for U.S. cotton.

OBJ: 4. Explain the causes of the economic depression of the late 1830s and the emergence of the Whig party.

NAT: Comparisons and Connections

TOP: The Panic of 1837

MSC: Analyzing

37. In the 1840 election, the Whig party adopted __________ to run on.

a. an anti-slavery platform

b. a pro-slavery platform

c. no platform

d. a pro–Bank of the United States platform

e. an anti–Bank of the United States platform

OBJ: 4. Explain the causes of the economic depression of the late 1830s and the emergence of the Whig party.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: The “Log Cabin and Hard Cider” Campaign

MSC: Understanding

38. Which of the following occurred during the Jackson administration?

a. Passage of the Independent Treasury Act

b. Booming industrialization

c. The “Log Cabin and Hard Cider” Campaign

d. A decline in urban population

e. Decreased westward expansion

OBJ: 5. Assess the strengths and weaknesses of Jackson’s transformational presidency.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Jackson’s Legacy

MSC: Analyzing

39. Which of the following were attracted to the Democratic party during Jackson’s administration?

a. The “common man”

b. The wealthy class

c. Native Americans

d. African Americans

e. Bankers

OBJ: 5. Assess the strengths and weaknesses of Jackson’s transformational presidency.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: A New Political Landscape

MSC: Understanding

40. Although one can make the case that Jackson’s was a transformational presidency, it is one that applied only to

a. land owners.

b. rich easterners.

c. white men.

d. southern plantation owners.

e. northern industrialists.

OBJ: 5. Assess the strengths and weaknesses of Jackson’s transformational presidency.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: A New Political Landscape

MSC: Evaluating

ESSAY

1. What was Jackson’s most important accomplishment as president? What was his greatest failure? Explain how each affected U.S. society and politics of that era.

Answers will vary.

2. The Tariff of 1828 proved to be the impetus behind the entire nullification controversy. Why was the tariff passed, and why did it lead to the nullification controversy?

Answers will vary.

3. What were the causes and results of the panic of 1837? What impact did this economic crisis have on the Van Buren administration?

Answer will vary.

4. Consider the era from the presidential election of 1824 through the end of Andrew Jackson’s presidency (1837). How was he “transformational”? Explain what was different about him compared with previous elections and administrations.

Answers will vary

5. Discuss Andrew Jackson’s “contradictions” in terms of his attitudes and actions toward the “common man,” Indians, women, blacks, the role of federal versus state government, and expanding opportunity versus maintaining the status quo.

Answers will vary

MATCHING

Match each person or group with one of the following descriptions.

a. Was a southern congressman who wanted to ban anti-slavery materials

b. Was a strong supporter of states’ rights

c. Was called the “Little Magician”

d. Was the director of the Second Bank of the United States

e. Resigned the vice presidency in 1832

f. Brokered a compromise to resolve the Nullification crisis

g. Won the presidency with his “Log Cabin and Hard Cider” campaign

h. Was the Massachusetts senator who said “Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable”

i. Was the 1840 Whig vice-presidential candidate

j. Was a “civilized” tribe that successfully assimilated to white culture

1. Nicholas Biddle

2. John C. Calhoun

3. Henry Clay

4. Robert Y. Hayne

5. William Henry Harrison

6. James Hammond

7. John Tyler

8. Martin Van Buren

9. Daniel Webster

10. Cherokee Nation