Test Bank Docx Johnson Dna The Genetic Material Ch.11

Essentials of The Living World, 6e (Johnson)

Chapter 11 DNA: The Genetic Material

1) The building blocks of DNA are called

A) amino acids.

B) bases.

C) nucleotides.

D) glycerols.

E) monosaccharides.

2) Which scientists' work first suggested that DNA had the shape of a helix?

A) Wilkins and Franklin

B) Watson and Crick

C) Hershey and Chase

D) Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty

E) Campbell and Wilmut

3) A plant species has its DNA analyzed. The results show that 28% of its nitrogen bases are guanine. What is the percent represented by thymine?

A) 28%

B) 24%

C) 23%

D) 22%

E) 44%

4) Biochemist Erwin Chargaff found that in DNA there was a special relationship between individual bases that we now refer to as Chargaff's rule. His observation was that the number of ________ was equal to the number of adenines (A), and the number of ________ was equal to the number of guanines (G).

A) T; C

B) C; T

C) G; A

D) G; C

E) T; A

5) If one strand of a DNA molecule has the base sequence ATTGCAT, its complementary strand will have the sequence

A) ATTGCAT.

B) TAACGTA.

C) GCCATGC.

D) CGGTACG.

E) CAACGTA.

6) How many carbon atoms does deoxyribose have?

A) 4

B) 5

C) 6

D) 7

E) 8

7) Which scientists are credited for deducing the structure of DNA?

A) Wilkins and Franklin

B) Chase and Griffith

C) Watson and Crick

D) Carson and Avery

E) Griffith and Avery

8) Which of the following statements is false regarding nucleic acids?

A) The large bases are the purines.

B) Purines always pair with pyrimidines.

C) The number of A = T and G = C.

D) Hydrogen bonds form between base pairs.

E) The purines are thymine and cytosine.

9) If you had found a mutation that, after DNA replication, the chromosomes were left in unjoined pieces, you would suspect that the mutation was with

A) DNA ligase.

B) DNA polymerase.

C) helicase.

D) primase.

E) RNA ligase.

10) Which of the following is a false statement regarding mutations?

A) Without mutations, there would be no variation and no evolution.

B) Mutations change the bases in DNA.

C) A mutation in a somatic cell will be passed on to subsequent generations.

D) Some mutations change the nucleotide sequence of a gene.

E) Some mutations remove nucleotides from a gene.

11) In what type of mutation would transcription produce a protein in which, past the point of the mutation, all of the amino acids were incorrect?

A) transposition

B) frameshift mutation

C) transition

D) base substitution

E) chromosomal deletion

12) A mutation in a ________ would have the biggest evolutionary consequence.

A) lung

B) kidney

C) stomach

D) germ-line

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

13) If a mutation involves only the changing of one or a few base pairs in a coding sequence, it is called a(n) ________ mutation.

A) point

B) recombinant

C) inactive

D) inconsequential

E) frameshift

14) The structure of DNA is called a(n) ________ helix.

A) alpha

B) beta

C) double

D) triple

E) one-directional

15) Which is a true statement regarding DNA replication?

A) The continuously synthesized strand is the lagging strand.

B) DNA polymerase adds nucleotides in the 3' to 5' direction.

C) DNA polymerase can build DNA from scratch.

D) The place where the parent DNA becomes unzipped and replication begins is called the replication fork.

E) DNA polymerase can start replication without an existing strand.

16) Each strand in the double helix is identical to the opposite strand.

17) If an error is made during DNA replication, mechanisms of DNA repair always correct the mistakes.

18) The amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine always equals the amount of cytosine.

19) If the sequence of one strand of DNA is CATTACGGG, then the complementary strand would be GTAATGCCC.

20) A base substitution will lead to a frameshift mutation.

21) Two pieces of wood, which have shapes that exactly fit together to make a whole, are like the two strands of DNA because both pairs are said to be ________ to one another.

22) A change in the content of the genetic message is called a ________.

23) The place where the parent DNA molecule becomes unzipped for replication is called the ________ ________.

24) From the list, select all that apply to nucleotides found in DNA.

A) phosphate group

B) nitrogen-containing base

C) sulfur group

D) deoxyribose

E) ribose

25) In DNA replication, the ________ enzyme unwinds the DNA double helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the complementary strands.

26) In DNA replication, the ________ enzyme seals up the gaps that are found in the lagging strand.

27) CRISPR is used by bacteria to target other invading bacteria.

28) In the CRISPR, the word represented by "P," palindromic, refers to the

A) DNA folding.

B) RNA loops.

C) protein structure.

D) cutting of DNA.

E) resulting mutation.

29) Scientists have only used CRISPR to repair mutations in embryos.

30) Which scientist suggested an experiment to target mosquito genes with endonucleases to prevent malarial transmission?

A) Avery

B) Mendel

C) Burt

D) Franklin

E) Griffith

31) Because CRISPR is used to target potentially fatal diseases, the use is completely ethical.