Test Bank Docx Chapter.5 Coping With And Reducing Stress - Health Psychology 2e Canadian Test Bank by Edward P. Sarafino. DOCX document preview.
CHAPTER 5: COPING WITH AND REDUCING STRESS
True/False Statements
1. According to Richard Lazarus, emotion‑focused coping is aimed at controlling stress by
either reducing demands of the situation or expanding resources to deal with it.
Section Reference: Functions and Methods of Coping
2. Marla has just been told she has a serious disease, but tells her best friend that the doctor must be mistaken. She is using the defense strategy known as denial.
Section Reference: Functions and Methods of Coping
3. To date, efforts to develop a reliable and valid research instrument to measure coping have not been very successful.
Section Reference: Functions and Methods of Coping
4. Mr. Goodwin is a well‑known accountant in town who makes a large salary and is CEO of a
large bank. We might expect his social network to contain many non‑kin members.
Section Reference: Enhancing Social Support
5. One of the primary factors in the stress experienced by transgender people is the stigma they encounter in their daily lives.
Section Reference: Managing Interpersonal Problems
6. Time management techniques are rarely part of a stress management program.
Section Reference: Organizing One’s World Better
7. Research has indicated that progressive muscle relaxation is effective with children or adolescents.
Section Reference: Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
8. Biofeedback has been demonstrated to be more cost‑effective and useful than relaxation training alone.
Section Reference: Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
9.Cognitive therapy might be best characterized as a type of modeling or observational learning technique.
Section Reference: Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
10. Children between the ages of 7 to 14 are more suggestible to hypnosis than adults.
Section Reference: Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
Matching
Match the methods of coping listed with their description in numbers one to five.
a. progressive relaxation
b. denial
c. cognitive restructuring
d. time management
e. informational control
11. “This situation is unpleasant, but maybe some good will come of it.”
Section Reference: Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
12. Includes setting goals and making lists in order to control stress.
Section Reference: Organizing one’s world better
13. Involves tensing specific muscle groups.
Section Reference: Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
14. “The doctor told me that I’ll feel some unusual pressure in my back during this procedure. I’ve got to remember that.”
Section Reference: Preparing for Stressful Events
15. “I can’t possibly have cancer! Your test must be inaccurate!”
Section Reference: Functions and Methods of Coping
Match the following techniques with their descriptions in six through ten.
a. systematic desensitization
b. biofeedback
c. modeling
d. cognitive therapy
e. stress‑inoculation training
16. Questioned due to the cost and complications of the equipment necessary as compared to benefits received.
Section Reference: Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
17. Designed by Meichenbaum, this program involves steps of conceptualization, skills acquisition and application.
Section Reference: Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
18. Involves the use of progressive muscle relaxation paired with a fear hierarchy.
Section Reference: Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
19. Little Ashley was afraid of clowns until she saw her older brother Joshua shake one's hand.
Section Reference: Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
20. Based on the belief that our incorrect or maladaptive attitudes need to be disputed.
Section Reference: Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
Multiple Choice
21. Which of the following persons is likely to experience stress?
a) 5 year-old Amy
b) 15 year-old Eric
c) 40 year-old Leslie
d) all of the above people
Section Reference: What is Coping?
22. A perceived discrepancy between the demands of a situation and the resources of a person is involved in
a) disease.
b) stress.
c) happiness.
d) none of the above
Section Reference: What is Coping?
23. Which of the following is true about the relationship between perceived discrepancy and the experience of stress?
a) Although it was believed for some time that a positive relationship existed between the two, new research indicates that no relationship exists.
b) Efforts at coping are done to reduce perceived discrepancies.
c) When we are stressed, our ability to perceive discrepancies between demands and resources declines severely.
d) Only actual discrepancies, not perceived discrepancies, are related to the experience of stress.
Section Reference: What is Coping?
24. Which of the following is NOT true about the coping process?
a) It may include avoiding a potentially stressful situation.
b) It involves ongoing transactions with the environment.
c) It is not a single event.
d) It does not include avoidance behaviour.
Section Reference: What is Coping?
25. According to Lazarus, coping serves to
a. alter the problem.
b. regulate our emotional response to the problem.
c. prevent stress completely.
d. both a and b
Section Reference: Functions and Methods of Coping
26. Which of the following is NOT an example of behavioural coping?
a) using alcohol
b) denying unpleasant facts
c) watching TV to distract attention from a problem
d) seeking support from friends
Section Reference: Functions and Methods of Coping
27. Greg has immersed himself completely in his job since the death of his wife. He is likely to be engaging in
a) problem‑focused coping.
b) emotion‑focused coping.
c) drug abuse.
d) denial of her death.
Section Reference: Functions and Methods of Coping
28. Which of the following is NOT an emotion‑focused coping approach?
a) trying to see the positive side of a stressful situation
b) taking one's anger out on another person
c) getting busy with other things to keep one's mind off a problem
d) trying to find out more about the stressful situation
Section Reference: Functions and Methods of Coping
29. Which of the following persons is engaging in cognitive redefinition?
a) Tim lectures himself about not getting medical treatment sooner.
b) Maggie tells herself that she is much better off than Tara because her own condition is not as serious.
c) Sergio gets opinions from several specialists before deciding on a treatment.
d) Daphne goes out with friends every night so she doesn't have to think about her upcoming surgery.
Section Reference: Functions and Methods of Coping
30. Which of the following statements is true about avoidance approaches?
a) They are rarely used as coping strategies.
b) They are beneficial at all stages in the coping process.
c) In general, they are more effective than attention-promoting strategies.
d) They are most beneficial during the first few weeks of a prolonged stress experience.
Section Reference: Functions and Methods of Coping
31. Problem‑focused coping is LEAST likely to be used under which of the following situations?
a) job loss
b) final exams
c) interpersonal conflicts
d) death in the family
Section Reference: Functions and methods of coping
32. Can both problem-focused and emotion-focused coping be used together?
a) Yes, they can but it’s generally unwise to do so.
b) Yes, they can and this is frequently done.
c) No. Problem-focused coping is always best to use.
d) No. Emotion-focused coping is always best to use.
Section Reference: Functions and Methods of Coping
33. Which of the following are problems with instruments thus far developed to measure
overall coping?
a) They expect coping to correlate well with mental or physical health.
b) They are generally retrospective measures.
c) They aren’t accurate measures of coping.
d) all of the above
Section Reference: Functions and Methods of Coping
34. Positive emotions affect coping by
a) helping us sustain our coping efforts.
b) distracting us from our stress.
c) reducing the effectiveness of our coping efforts.
d) helping us find meaning to our suffering.
Section Reference: Functions and Methods of Coping
35. When a person copes with stress by actively processing and expressing their feelings, they are engaging in
a) denial.
b) emotional approach.
c) problem-focused coping.
d) stress inoculation.
Section Reference: Functions and Methods of Coping
36. Which of the following statements regarding the use of coping strategies is
true?
a) People tend to use the same coping strategy regardless of the type of stressor they confront.
b) There is no relationship between coping strategies and genetic influence.
c) People never use the same strategy twice, even for the same stressor.
d) No one coping method is used or is effective in all stressful situations.
Section Reference: Functions and Methods of Coping
37. Compared to middle-aged adults, older adults tend to see stressors as
a) easy to change.
b) nothing to worry about.
c) difficult to change.
d) easily addressed by problem-focused coping strategies.
Section Reference: Functions and Methods of Coping
38. People tend to use problem‐focused approaches when
a) they believe their resources or the demands of the situation are constant.
b) they believe their resources or the demands of the situation are changeable.
c) they are alone and coping without the support of others.
d) they are lower in socioeconomic status.
Section Reference: Functions and Methods of Coping
39. According to the text, disadvantaged persons are more likely to experience
a) the belief that they have little control over events in their lives.
b) more stressful events.
c) less effective coping.
d) all of the above
Section Reference: Functions and Methods of Coping
40. Which of the following statements about social networks is true?
a) men use their social support networks more effectively.
b) The elderly are likely to have extensive social support networks.
c) The nature of social support networks is not related to social prestige, income or education level.
d) The use of social and helping organizations as support networks is no greater now than it was decades ago.
Section Reference: Enhancing Social Support
41. What do we know from research on self-help groups about their effectiveness?
a) Groups that have been around the longest, like Alcohols Anonymous are the most effective.
b) Only women benefit from being in such groups.
c) Being in a self-help group only helps early in a stress crisis.
d) Researchers really don’t have good data on which support groups work best.
Section Reference: Enhancing Social Support
42. According to the text, what role does a community have in enhancing social support?
a) It can actively increase opportunities for social support by creating programs and making facilities available for group gatherings.
b) Communities can do the most by leaving social support up to private and social service
agencies.
c) Most people seeking social support find community efforts to be ineffective.
d) Most people seeking social support find community efforts to be intrusive.
Section Reference: Enhancing Social Support
43. According to the minority stress model, members of minority groups are more likely to experience stress than the general population due to
a) increased job discrimination specifically.
b) less adequate health care.
c) increased social isolation.
d) the hostile social environment created by stigma, prejudice, and discrimination.
Section Reference: Managing Interpersonal Problems
44. Allowing workers to have some control over their work hours, which tasks to work on, and the order in which they do them are examples of
a) avoidance.
b) intellectualization.
c) stress‑driven coping.
d) enhancing personal control.
Section Reference: Improving One’s Personal Control
45. Which of the following is not a part of effective time management?
a) Goal‑setting.
b) Delaying urgent new tasks until the next day.
c) Establishing a schedule.
d) Prioritizing the day's activities.
Section Reference: Organizing One’s World Better
46. Which of the following is an accurate assessment of the research findings on the relationship between anxiety and exercise?
a) There is no effect of exercise on anxiety.
b) Exercise and decreased anxiety are correlated, but the cause of this relationship is not
clear.
c) Exercise seems to increase anxiety in some cases.
d) Exercise has positive effects only in the young.
Section Reference: Exercising: Links to Stress and Health
47. Which of the following is an accurate conclusion based on the research findings regarding the relationship between exercise and physiological measures?
a) Regular exercise lowers heart rate and blood pressure.
b) Exercise lowers heart rates but not blood pressure.
c) Stress has the same health impact on people regardless of fitness level.
d) Sports exercise promotes the greatest reduction in heart rate.
Section Reference: Exercising: Links to Stress and Health
48. Irving Janis suggested that preoperative fear is related to postoperative
recovery and adjustment. What was the nature of the relationship he suggested?
a) Low levels of preoperative fear are related to worsened recovery and adjustment.
b) High levels of preoperative fear are related to worsened recovery and adjustment.
c) Preoperative fear is related to poor recovery but only in children or the elderly.
d) Preoperative fear affects postoperative adjustment but has little impact on recovery.
Section Reference: Preparing for Stressful Events
49. The most clearly effective methods in preparing people for the stress of surgery
a) involve hypnosis.
b) are psychotherapies.
c) involve drug treatment.
d) enhance feelings of control.
Section Reference: Preparing for Stressful Events
50. Using a deep breathing technique to control pain during an invasive procedure is an example of
a) hypnosis.
b) biofeedback.
c) behavioural control.
d) cognitive control.
Section Reference: Preparing for Stressful Events
51. Teresa, who has breast cancer, has read several books on treatment for breast cancer and has watched a video on mastectomy surgery. She is exercising
a) hopelessness.
b) behavioural control.
c) cognitive control.
d) informational control.
Section Reference: Preparing for Stressful Events
52. Which statement regarding informational control of anxiety is NOT true?
a) More information always reduces anxiety.
b) You can "know too much,'' and actually increase anxiety.
c) Informational control has limits when the patient is a child.
d) both b & c
Section Reference: Preparing for Stressful Events
53. When it comes to providing young children with information prior to a medical procedure, what strategy seems to be most effective?
a) Providing the information only to their parents.
b) Letting them handle all the surgical tools before the surgery.
c) Providing them with information about the sensations they will experience.
d) Telling them that crying will ease their fear.
Section Reference: Preparing for Stressful Events
54. Benzodiazepines and beta‑blockers are
a) pharmacological methods of stress management.
b) highly recommended for long term use.
c) informational‑control methods.
d) forms of psychosocial stress interventions.
Section Reference: Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
55. Benzodiazepines are to ____ nervous system as beta-blockers are to _____ nervous system.
a) sympathetic; parasympathetic
b) central; peripheral
c) peripheral; central
d) parasympathetic; sympathetic
Section Reference: Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
56. Which of the following are true regarding beta-blockers? They
a. cause extreme drowsiness and thus are rarely used.
b. are used less frequently than benzodiazepines.
c. block the actions of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
d. block the activation of the parasympathetic nervous system.
Section Reference: Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
57. The technique of progressive muscle relaxation involves
a) progressively increasing the use of muscle relaxants such as beta-blockers.
b) alternately tightening and relaxing specific muscle groups.
c) alternating between relaxation exercises and the use of beta-blockers.
d) the use of hypnosis.
Section Reference: Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
58. Conclusions regarding the use of progressive muscle relaxation in stress reduction interventions suggest that
a) a quick version may be used once the regular procedure has been mastered.
b) these techniques work only on adults.
c) these techniques work only on children.
d) it has been found to be only modestly effective in reducing stress.
Section Reference: Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
59. Which of the following is NOT true of systematic desensitization?
a) It is based on classical conditioning.
b) It incorporates the use of muscle relaxation.
c) It uses psychoanalytic theories.
d) It can be used with both adults and children.
Section Reference: Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
60. Andrew is extremely afraid of snakes. To deal with this problem, he is first shown a picture of snakes and told to relax while looking at it. He is likely receiving the treatment known as
a) systematic desensitization.
b) psychoanalysis.
c) biofeedback.
d) cognitive restructuring.
Section Reference: Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
61. Systematic desensitization is based upon the view that fears are learned through the process known as
a) operant conditioning.
b) modeling.
c) behavioural control.
d) classical conditioning.
Section Reference: Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
62. A graded sequence of approximations to a feared stimulus is called
a) a classical situation.
b) systematic desensitization.
c) a stimulus hierarchy.
d) imagery.
Section Reference: Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
63. In systematic desensitization, the next higher step in a stimulus hierarchy is presented when the
a) person's fear is greatest.
b) person is calm during the previous step.
c) person has gone to sleep.
d) fee for the previous step is paid.
Section Reference: Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
64. In the process of counterconditioning, feelings of calm are considered to be
a) both the UR and the CR.
b) both the US and the CS.
c) both the US and the UR.
d) the CR only.
Section Reference: Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
65. Biofeedback uses the principles of ___________ to treat fears.
a) psychoanalysis
b) informational control
c) classical conditioning
d) operant conditioning
Section Reference: Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
66. Studies on the effectiveness of biofeedback indicate that
a) biofeedback is an ineffective intervention.
b) muscle relaxation is far superior to biofeedback.
c) children are unable to benefit from biofeedback.
d) children are better biofeedback subjects than adults.
Section Reference: Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
67. Findings regarding children and biofeedback include the observations that
a) their shorter attention span may create a problem in sessions.
b) a small percentage of young children are frightened of the equipment.
c) children are more likely than adults to practice their training at home.
d) all of the above
Section Reference: Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
68. Dr. Chu believes that his patient, Samuel, has learned his fear of snakes from watching his mother's negative reactions to snakes. Dr. Chu believes in a(n) _____ explanation of stress-related behaviour.
a) behavioural control
b) biofeedback
c) observational learning
d) classical conditioning
Section Reference: Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
69. Melamed used modeling procedures to reduce stress in young people anticipating surgery. She found that young children with previous experience with surgery
a) showed increased anxiety if they were under the age of 8.
b) did not understand the procedures.
c) had the greater anxiety reduction than the older participants.
d) were more responsive to in vivo experiences than symbolic representations.
Section Reference: Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
70. The process of replacing stress-provoking thoughts with thoughts that are more constructive is called
a) systematic desensitization.
b) intellectualization
c) cognitive restructuring
d) rationalization
Section Reference: Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
71. The concepts of "musterbating" and "can't-stand-itis" are forms of _____ ways of thinking according to Albert Ellis.
a) illogical
b) stressed
c) irrational
d) restructured
Section Reference: Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
72. In Beck's cognitive therapy approach the focus is on
a) changing maladaptive thought patterns.
b) helping clients see that they are not responsible for all the problems they encounter.
c) treating erroneous beliefs as though they are hypotheses to be tested.
d) all of the above
Section Reference: Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
73. Allen’s doctor is teaching him a cognitive technique to reduce his stress in which he is learning to identify stressful life situations, generate lists of possible solutions to the situations and decide on best courses of action to resolve them. Allen is learning
a) biofeedback.
b) problem-solving training.
c) stress inoculation.
d) cognitive restructuring.
Section Reference: Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
74. Meichenbaum's stress inoculation training includes which of the following processes?
a) hypothesis testing and relaxation
b) conceptualization, skills acquisition & rehearsal, skills application.
c) modeling and biofeedback.
d) symbolic modeling and cognitive restructuring.
Section Reference: Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
75. Dr. Smith believes that the most effective way to treat stress is to use many different techniques since stress and coping are complex experiences. She believes in the use of _____ approaches.
a) multidimensional therapy
b) rational-emotive therapy
c) systematic desensitization
d) stress inoculation
Section Reference: Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
76. Which of the following statements is true regarding the use of massage as a stress reduction technique?
a) It has not been found to be effective in reducing stress but does seem to improve immune function.
b) Light massage works better than deep tissue massage.
c) Deep tissue massage has been linked to stress reduction and improved immune function.
d) There is no research evidence to support the use of massage as a stress reduction technique.
Section Reference: Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
77. Research comparing meditating and nonmeditating participants found
a) Meditating participants had greater decreases in blood pressure
and lower levels of anxiety.
b) Nonmeditating participants had greater decreases in blood pressure,
heart rate, and respiration rate.
c) There were no differences in blood pressure, heart rate, or respiration rate between the two groups.
d) Meditation only works to reduce blood pressure while the person is meditating.
Section Reference: Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
78. Research on the use of hypnosis in stress reduction has found that
a) it works better than many other methods in reducing stress.
b) treatment depends on how suggestible participants are to hypnosis.
c) hypnosis is not necessarily more effective than other relaxation techniques.
d) both b and c.
Section Reference: Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
79. In their ’DeStress for Success’ stress reduction program for adolescents, Sonia Lupien and her colleagues used which of the following approaches?
a) educational workshops to teach students how to recognize and cope better with stress
b) educational workshops to teach students how to talk about stress with their parents
c) educational workshops to teach students how to meditate
d) cognitive behavioural therapy combined with mindfulness-based meditation techniques
Section Reference: Massage, Meditation, and Hypnosis
80. Which statement regarding psychological approaches in the treatment of hypertension is NOT true?
a) Psychological approaches can be used without drugs to treat hypertension.
b) Untrained people can easily lower their own blood pressures by trying to relax.
c) Relaxation by itself is not always helpful in lowering blood pressure.
d) Progressive muscle relaxation, biofeedback, and meditation have all been demonstrated to reduce blood pressure.
Section Reference: Treating Hypertension
Short Answer Questions
81. Compare and contrast emotion-focused and problem-focused coping.
82. Compare and contrast systematic desensitization with biofeedback.
83. Compare and contrast problem-solving training with stress inoculation training.
Essay Questions
84. You require surgery sometime in the near future. Using what you've learned in this chapter, how will you prepare for this stressful event?
85. Discuss the effectiveness of the 3 methods of stress management reviewed in the chapter.
85. Consider the idea that the various methods of coping discussed in the chapter represent a multidimensional approach to coping. Defend or refute this notion.
LEGAL NOTICE
Copyright © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. or related companies. All rights reserved.
The data contained in these files are protected by copyright. This manual is furnished under licence and may be used only in accordance with the terms of such licence.
The material provided herein may not be downloaded, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, modified, made available on a network, used to create derivative works, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise without the prior written permission of John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.