Complete Test Bank Ch.6 The Suburban Era - Urban World 11e | Practice Test Bank Palen by J. John Palen. DOCX document preview.
1. Today there are more people living in __________.
a. central cities than suburbs
b. outside SMSAs than in suburbs
c. suburbs than central cities
d. central cities but suburbs are growing rapidly
2. Which of the following is true about suburbs?
a. Economically, today suburbs are still subordinate to the central city when it comes to shopping and retail.
b. Approximately one-third of the nation’s metropolitan office space now resides in suburbs.
c. In recent presidential elections, candidates tailored their campaigns to inner-city and rural voters.
d. Approximately two-thirds of the nation’s manufacturing jobs are located in the suburbs.
3. Today, most office space in the U.S. can be found __________.
a. in suburban areas
b. in the central business districts of the nation’s cities
c. just outside “downtown”
d. in rural “office parks”
4. Until 2010 in the U.S., suburbs had been growing faster than central cites for approximately __________.
a. 25 years
b. 50 years
c. 75 years
d. 90 years
5. According to the text, the first 19th century suburbs were generally __________.
a. upper-class villages along the rail lines
b. lower-class mill towns
c. middle-class extensions of the central city
d. areas of working class residency
6. The Bureau of the Census defines “suburb” as __________.
a. the population within the MSA
b. all areas outside the central city but within the MSA
c. the area outside the central city but within state lines
d. the distribution of population in outer rings adjacent to the central city
7. Today approximately __________ percent of the people in the U.S. lived in suburbs.
a. 84
b. 71
c. 55
d. 39
8. The very first U.S. suburbs were __________.
a. comprised of row houses just outside the central cities
b. small towns clustered in rural areas around factories
c. farms located along navigable rivers
d. upper-class villages of substantial country homes located along railway lines
9. During the 20th century, suburbs __________.
a. sought annexation
b. opposed annexation
c. sought central city-suburban unified school districts
d. relied on central cities for fire protection, roads, and water
10. Today the largest number of poor in the U.S. live in __________.
a. central city
b. zone of transition
c. rural areas
d. suburbs
11. Middle class suburban out-movement at the begining of the 20th century (1900) became possible because of the technology of the __________.
a. railroad
b. electric streetcar
c. bus
d. automobile
12. According to the text, the major means of city growth during the last part of the 19th century was __________.
a. annexation
b. natural growth and expansion
c. urban sprawl
d. mergers with other nearby cities
13. Generally by the early 20th century suburbs __________.
a. sought annexation
b. sought home rule
c. had lost control over land use
d. fought fragmentation of government
14. Suburbanization during the 1920s and 1930s was heavily dependent on the technology of __________.
a. trains
b. electric streetcars
c. buses
d. automobiles
15. Which of the following best describes the housing styles of pre-World War II suburbs?
a. Styles were widely eclectic with many different architectural types.
b. Houses were still predominately row houses built in clusters and located close together.
c. Houses were mass-produced and looked almost exactly alike—“little boxes all in a row!”
d. Most urban housing at this time could be described as “grand estates” with homes of mansion-like quality.
16. The era of mass suburbanization occurred __________.
a. at the turn of the century
b. during the 1930s
c. during the 1920s
d. following World War II
17. At which point in time in the U.S. was movement out of the city first associated with movement up the social scale, setting the social distinction between suburbs and city?
a. 1860s
b. 1920s
c. 1940s
d. 1980s
18. The original Levittown was built on 4,000 acres of potato fields about 30 miles outside of __________.
a. Baltimore, MD
b. New York City
c. Washington, DC
d. Hartford, CN
19. The cost of a single-family home in Levittown in 1948 was __________.
a. quite expensive when compared to what a person could buy in the city
b. just a little more expensive than what a person could buy in the city
c. about the same as what a person could buy in the city
d. a real bargain compared to what a person could buy in the city
20. According to the text, for most middle-class families in 1948, the move from the city to a suburban subdivision represented __________.
a. a move to better housing
b. a step down the social ladder
c. a move from great diversity of beautiful city row houses to the ugly uniformity of tract housing
d. a frightening and alienating experience
21. Government policies subsidizing suburbanization were sponsored by __________.
a. the WIC
b. the WPA
c. the FHA
d. the FNMC
22. According to the text, urban sprawl __________.
a. is not considered to be a social problem by U.S. citizens
b. exists because it is economically efficient and saves time and resources
c. was the pattern of urban growth in the 21st century until the Great Recession
d. does not harm the environment
23. According to the text, a major factor behind the rapid growth of suburbs following World War II was __________.
a. deterioration of central city services
b. poorer quality schools in the central city
c. increased crime in the central city
d. government subsidies for suburban housing
24. Closing costs on houses in Levittowns were approximately ________, where today they run thousands of dollars.
a. $10.00
b. $150.00
c. $500.00
d. $1,000.00
25. According to the text, the era of major metro sprawl was __________.
a. 1950-1970
b. 1990-2010
c. 1920-1940
d. 1970-1990
26. The postwar, 1950s suburban boom was caused by __________.
a. a desire to escape the cities which were experiencing decline and deterioration
b. overall lower suburban costs that were cheaper than costs in central cities
c. a decline in the birth rate
d. white flight from the cities due to desegregation
27. Which of the following statements is true?
a. By the 1950s almost all of the land within the legal boundaries of the northern and eastern parts of the U.S. had been developed.
b. Beginning in the 1980s, the federal government began building a system of interstate highways linking suburbia with the central cities.
c. Suburban housing costs were higher in the 1950s than central city housing costs.
d. Demographics had little to do with the suburban boom of the 1950s.
28. The data tends to support the view that suburbanization prior to 1970s was__________.
a. caused by black professional flight from the cities
b. due largely to push factors from the city such as deterioration of city services and crime
c. due largely to pull factors in the suburbs such as cheaper housing, lower taxes and easier financing
d. fueled by a search for good schools
29. Given a choice the majority of North Americans __________.
a. would rather live in single-family housing outside the city
b. would prefer to live in row houses in a safe inner city near city parks, entertainment, etc
c. prefer apartment living in the city
d. really express no preferences for one type of housing over another
30. Suburbs today __________.
a. have become major employment centers
b. are identical to one another
c. are overwhelmingly areas of large single-family homes
d. are declining in importance
31. Which of the following most accurately describes the suburbs?
a. Suburban housing includes only single family residences.
b. Suburbs are now the major centers of employment.
c. About one-third of all Americans are suburbanites.
d. Only small percentages of African Americans, Asian Americans and Hispanic Americans are suburbanites.
32. Research by Farley and by Guest seems to indicate that __________.
a. individual suburbs have changed far more than central cities
b. suburbs have declined in importance as government centers
c. there is considerable persistence in characteristics over time in the suburbs
d. suburban growth rates have stabilized
33. According to the text, __________.
a. suburban growth is chaotic
b. suburban growth occurs without any discernable pattern
c. suburban growth has stopped
d. suburban growth exhibits a predictable pattern of variation
34. According to the text, _______.
a. there is no valid way to compare change in the suburbs with change in the central cities
b. individual suburbs change far less over time than central cities
c. individual suburbs exhibit rates of change that are equal to central cities
d. individual suburbs change more over time than central cities
35. Wealthy suburbs appear to be __________.
a. consistent with Burgess’ concentric-zone theory
b. more immune to downward changes in status
c. targets of annexation by central cities
d. losing their affluent populations
36. The counties having the most affluent households are most concentrated __________.
a. in the sunbelt
b. in the South and Southwest
c. in the Southeast and Mid-Atlantic areas
d. on the East Coast
37. Research looking at socioeconomic status of affluent suburbs shows __________.
a. profound changes in terms of characteristics of residents
b. patterns of decline and rebuilding
c. persistency over time
d. downward trends in status
38. High income suburbs tend to have __________.
a. an older median age population
b. a high proportion of women employed in professional positions
c. a higher percentage of minorities
d. downward economic pressures
39. Which of the following is one of the categories of suburbs specifically discussed in the text?
a. lower-middle income
b. gated communities
c. elite
d. transitional
40. What is a CID?
a. Community of Intersecting Desires--a cooperative public housing development in the outer fringe of the city.
b. City In Decline--central cities that are losing population to specific suburban developments.
c. Common Interest Development--private, self-governing, homeowner-membership associations.
d. Cooperative Industrial Dependency--mutually beneficial arrangements made between suburban industries and central-city governments for employee training.
41. Which of the following is true about Common-Interest Developments (CIDs)?
a. They are fringe developments that have little to do with suburban trends in the U.S.
b. They represent a major social change and are proliferating.
c. Local governments dislike and distrust them.
d. They tend to be very highly democratic and responsive to their individual members.
42. Bennett Berger's study of less affluent suburbs found __________.
a. increased organizational membership
b. a return to religion
c. a pattern of tight, informal socialization with long-term friends and neighbors
d. more conservative political views
43. Claritas divides areas to explain the relationship between physical space and social behavior using __________.
a. zip codes
b. area codes
c. census tracts
d. tax records
44. A special class of suburbanites who live beyond the built up suburbs is the __________.
a. cosmopolites
b. rural suburbanites
c. exurbanites
d. extraurbanites
45. Exurbanites tend to be __________.
a. affluent, well educated professionals
b. fringe group members
c. working class
d. homeless people
46. Suburbanites __________.
a. overall are less likely to be below the poverty line than central city residents
b. live in one-parent families more than central city children do
c. generally tend to be renters
d. tend to commute to jobs in the central cities.
47. One contemporary “myth” of suburbia is that __________.
a. suburbanites tend to vote Republican
b. suburbanites tend to be reclusive and antisocial
c. suburbanites care little for money and status
d. suburbs and suburban life have not been studied enough
48. Comparing cities and suburbs, __________.
a. suburban families are larger and have a higher average number of children
b. most suburban men work at blue-collar jobs
c. the greatest difference between cities and suburbs is in racial composition
d. suburban children are less likely to live in a two parent family
49. The “myth of suburbia” is __________.
a. that all suburban families are happy
b. that there is a unique suburban way of life
c. that suburbanites earn more than city dwellers
d. that suburbanites are highly status conscious
50. Rurban areas are __________.
a. newly developing areas beyond the city
b. older urban oriented outer areas
c. farm areas
d. places in metro areas that are not oriented toward a major city
51. Most postwar suburban studies were focused on __________.
a. industrial suburbs
b. working class suburbs
c. older established suburbs
d. new middle-class tract suburbs
52. One of the best of the early works on suburbs was William H. Whyte's __________.
a. Bullet Park
b. The Man in the Grey Flannel Suit
c. The Organization Man
d. Life in Suburbia
53. The overall evidence indicates that in terms of behavior and attitudes __________.
a. suburbanites differ strongly from city dwellers
b. suburbanites do not differ significantly from city dwellers
c. suburbanites have different personalities from city dwellers
d. city dwellers and suburbanites have opposite values, beliefs, and behaviors
54. Gans' research in Levittown indicated that __________.
a. residents were generally content with their homes and lifestyles
b. there was considerable suppressed alienation among residents
c. depression and boredom were serious problems
d. residents had difficulty adjusting to suburban lifestyles
55 Homogeneity of Levittowners is most evident in terms of __________.
a. age and religion
b. ethnicity and religion
c. regional background and income
d. age and income
56. According to the text, the group having the most difficult time in Levittown was __________.
a. elderly men
b. middle-age women
c. adolescents
d. young children
57 Gans found that the group least likely to adjust to Levittown was __________.
a. families with small children
b. upper middle-class people
c. working-class families
d. white-collar workers
58. Levittowns were designed for the following group: __________.
a. families without children
b. families with small children
c. families with adolescents
d. empty nesters
59. According to the text, which of the following is true about U.S. suburbs?
a. Less than one-fourth of all Asians in now live in suburbs.
b. A higher percentage of African Americans than Hispanics now live in suburbs.
c. Hispanics are the least likely to live in suburbs.
d. Over a third of all African Americans live in suburbs.
60. According to the text over __________ percent of Hispanics in the United States are suburbanites.
a. 50
b. 60
c. 70
d. 80
61. According to the text, the crucial question today regarding black suburbanization is whether__________.
a. or not it will continue to increase
b. it represents housing integration, or merely the growth of suburban African-American enclaves
c. the Fair Housing Act of 1968 will continue to grant African Americans free and open access to housing
d. or not African-Americans will reverse the trend and return to the central city
62. African American suburbanization __________.
a. began heavily after World War II
b. has occurred mostly since the Fair Housing Act of 1968
c. is slowing down at present
d. is following a different pattern than whites
63. For the future, the text predicts __________.
a. rapid racial transition in suburban areas
b. that white suburbanization rates will decrease
c. that black suburbanization rates will decrease
d. that central city whites will continue flow to the suburbs in large numbers
64. Today the largest minority group in the U.S. is __________.
a. Asian Americans
b. Hispanics
c. Blacks
d. Native Americans
65. Currently, the predominantly __________ are among the fastest-growing Hispanic suburbs.
a. Cuban growth areas in Florida
b. Mexican growth areas in Texas
c. Puerto Rican growth areas in New York
d. Honduran growth areas in California
66. According to the text, over __________ percent of Asians in the United States are suburbanites.
a. 25
b. 60
c. 75
d. 90
67. According to the text, the most suburban minority group in the United States consists of __________.
a. African Americans
b. Hispanics
c. Native Americans
d. Asians
68. Suburbia today is becoming more __________.
a. white
b. homogeneous
c. lower class
d. racially diverse
True-False:
69. According to the text, today approximately 55 percent of the U.S. population is suburban.
a. T
b. F
70. Suburban poor outnumber city poor.
a. T
b. F
71. Survey data show decisively that most Americans prefer townhouses.
a. T
b. F
72. Economically, the suburbs now rule.
a. T
b. F
73. Today, half of the nation’s manufacturing jobs are in the suburbs.
a. T
b. F
74. The Bureau of the Census defines “suburban” as the territory inside the Metropolitan Statistical Area that lies outside the central city.
a. T
b. F
75. The United States officially became a nation of suburbanites in the year 1960, according to the text.
a. T
b. F
76. The American city of 1900 was a streetcar city with workers living up to 12 miles from the CBD.
a. T
b. F
77. In the mid 19th century suburban areas united to fight annexation.
a. T
b. F
78. By the early 20th century suburbs sought “home rule.”
a. T
b. F
79. It was not until after 1950 that the automobile became a factor in suburbanization.
a. T
b. F
80. The division between city and suburbs is a legal distinction that over time has become a sociological division.
a. T
b. F
81. Currently suburbs are mostly white and upper-class.
a. T
b. F
82. By the 1920s, the social distinction between cities and suburbs was firmly established.
a. T
b. F
83. Liberalized lending policies of the federal government, such as FHA and VA loans, constituted a housing policy that fostered suburban development.
a. T
b. F
84. After World War II Canada adopted a national mortgage subsidy plans to stimulate suburban growth.
a. T
b. F
85. The first Levittown was constructed on 4,000 acres of potato fields thirty miles east of New York City in 1948.
a. T
b. F
86. Low-density, automobile-dependent housing in the outer reaches of metropolitan areas is economically efficient and environmentally friendly.
a. T
b. F
87. Urban sprawl has become one of U.S. voters’ top concerns along with crime, taxes, education, and the economy.
a. T
b. F
88. From the time that they were first implemented, VA and FHA loans were designed to end racial segregation.
a. T
b. F
89. One way that the U.S. federal government subsidized suburbanization was by financing the construction of a system of metropolitan expressways.
a. T
b. F
90. By the 1950s, suburban housing costs had become more expensive than housing costs in the central cities.
a. T
b. F
91. According to the text, the U.S. public prefers urban sprawl to high-rise luxury apartments or townhouses.
a. T
b. F
92. Today, given a choice most Americans would opt to buy a townhouse.
a. T
b. F
93. Post-World War II suburban growth in the U.S. reflected a movement toward values associated with suburbanization rather than a movement fleeing from perceived urban ills.
a. T
b. F
94. Today, central cities remain the major centers of employment.
a. T
b. F
95. Suburbs are seen as having status consistency as opposed to status change in cities.
a. T
b. F
96. “White flight” caused most of the mass suburbanization of the 1950s.
a. T
b. F
97. In spite of rising suburban housing costs and central-city gentrification, there has been no recent decline in the movement of people to the suburban periphery.
a. T
b. F
98. According to the text, individual suburbs change far more and faster than the central cities.
a. T
b. F
99. Wealthy suburbs appear to be relatively immune to downward changes in social status.
a. T
b. F
100. Older and more affluent suburbs have had the greatest success in maintaining their favored position.
a. T
b. F
101. What gives most upper-status suburbs their character is not their housing style but the style of life and patterns of social interaction among the residents.
a. T
b. F
102. Both the counties with the highest housing costs in the nation and the highest percentage of affluent households are found in California.
a. T
b. F
103. Wealthy suburbs are, as a rule, tend to be racially and ethnically segregated.
a. T
b. F
104. Today, gated communities are primarily built as retirement areas.
a. T
b. F
105. CIDs represent a major social change and house over 66 million people.
a. T
b. F
106. In Berger's study of working class suburbs, moving to the suburbs meant a change in social-status, aspirations and social mobility.
a. T
b. F
107. According to the text, “Claritas” is a marketing research firm that places every zip code in the U.S. into one of 66 different types of community.
a. T
b. F
108. Exurbanites are middle-to-lower income blue-collar workers.
a. T
b. F
109. According to the text, approximately 3 million more of the nation’s poor live in suburbs than in central cities.
a. T
b. F
110. Today, the majority of suburbanites are rich whites who have run away from the city.
a. T
b. F
111. Gans’ study of Levittown indicated that adolescents had trouble living in Levittown because the community was specifically designed for families with young children.
a. T
b. F
112. Approximately two-out-of-three African Americans live in the suburbs.
a. T
b. F
113. Suburbs are now the major area of African American population growth.
a. T
b. F
114. Between 1990 and 2000, the exodus of middle-class families leaving the cities for the suburbs has been disproportionately white.
a. T
b. F
115. According to the text, although racial equality has not yet arrived, suburban middle-class blacks are similar to suburban middle class whites.
a. T
b. F
116. As of 2018, nearly 75 percent of all Hispanics were suburbanites.
a. T
b. F
117. Asians are the most suburban minority group.
a. T
b. F
118. Asian Americans living in suburbs have income levels 25 percent higher than Asians living in the central cities.
a. T
b. F
Short Answer (in addition to those at the end of the chapter).
119. Discuss the growth of suburbs over the past century. What factors most contributed to growth in different periods?
120. List and discuss factors that account for the postwar suburban boom.
121. Describe the “myth of suburbia” and discuss its consequences for purposes of planning.
122. Discuss minority suburbanization. What are the differences between groups? Why do various groups live where they do?
123. Describe the changes in black suburbanization (be specific) and discuss the implications for the future.
124. Discuss the effects of transportation on the growth of suburbs. What problems has this mobility created?
125. Discuss the research on the persistence of characteristics of suburbs. Give examples.
126. What are the demographic characteristics of suburbanites today?. Does this correlate with the image presented by the media?
127. Describe the results of studies of Levittown. Give a picture of the residents, problems, and attitudes.
128. What is the future for suburbanization? What problems will suburbs face? Give examples.
129. Who are suburbanites? How do they differ from city dwellers?
130. Compare trends in suburbanization of African Americans, Hispanics, and Asians in the U.S.