Chapter 3: Child Physical Abuse

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. In which year did the National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect add the endangerment standard?

a. 1868

b. 1878

c. 1988

d. 1998

2. Jerry throws a knife at his child, but missed. What policy would consider this child abuse?

a. endangerment standard

b. harm standard

c. abuse policy

d. maltreatment policy

3. In order for the harm standard to be met, how long must injuries last?

a. at least 1 hour

b. 24 hours

c. 48 hours

d. a week

4. Don spanked his son for breaking family heirloom, and his son’s bottom was red and sore for a day. Does this constitute abuse by the endangerment standard?

a. Yes, the son experienced harm.

b. No, the harm lasted less than 48 hours.

c. No, the harm was not intentional.

d. Yes, the harm was intentional.

5. Which group is NOT found to use corporal punishment more often than the general population?

a. southerners

b. African Americans

c. conservative Protestants

d. low-income families

6. What is the leading cause of death among physically abused children?

a. drowning

b. abusive head trauma

c. broken bones

d. internal injuries

7. What percentage of children who die from abusive head trauma are under the age of 1?

a. 11%

b. 27%

c. 46%

d. 52%

8. How many children diagnosed with SBS end up dying?

a. 1–5%

b.10–15%

c.15–20%

d. 20–25%

9. What is the most answer to parents give as to why they shook their child?

a. lost control

b. angry

c. wanted to hurt the child

d. cannot remember

10. What percentage of adults today are aware of SBS?

a. 25%

b. 40%

c. 50%

d. 80%

11. Which of the following is a name of a prevention program about SBS?

a. Stop the Shaking

b. Period of Purple Crying

c. Parents Unite Against Shaken Baby Syndrome

d. End SBS Now

12. Who defines the specific guidelines to follow in cases of child abuse?

a. the federal government

b. individual states

c. local government

d. United Nations

13. In how many states is it legal for parents to use corporal punishment?

a. 12

b. 25

c. 40

d. 50

14. How many cases of child abuse were reported to CPS in 2014?

a. 1.4 million

b. 3.2 million

c. 4.2 million

d. more than 5 million

15. In the past 20 years, what has happened to the reported number of child abuse cases?

a. increased

b. decreased

c. stayed the same

d. unable to determine

16. Approximately how many substantiated cases of child abuse occurred in 2014?

a. 1 per 1,000 children

b. 3 per 1,000 children

c. 5 per 1,000 children

d. 9 per 1,000 children

17. In the past 20 years, what has happened to the number of substantiated cases of child abuse?

a. increased

b. decreased

c. stayed the same

d. unable to determine

18. How many children died in 2014 from child abuse?

a. 580

b. 980

c. 1,580

d. 2,080

19. The National Family Violence Survey found that ___________ of parents admitted to having used at least one violent act toward their children.

a. 25%

b. 50%

c. 75%

d. 100%

20. What percentage of parents used abusive tactics in raising their children, according to the national family violence survey?

a. 2%

b. 5%

c. 10%

d. 25%

21. What percentage of parents admit to slapping or spanking their children?

a. less than 25%

b. between 25 and 40%

c. between 40 and 60%

d. over 60%

22. What is the most frequent form of violence parents admitted to using against their children?

a. slapping or spanking

b. beating with an object

c. cutting

d. gun violence

23. A survey conducted by Strauss et al. found that ____________ of parents surveyed engaged in at least one form of severe physical assault at least once during their parenting.

a. 1/5

b. 1/4

c. 1/3

d. 1/2

24. For child abuse, who do self-report surveys most often ask questions of?

a. children

b. perpetrators

c. service providers

d. adults remembering their experience as children

25. In a survey of adults, how many reported experiencing physical assault from a caregiver when they were children?

a. 1/5

b. 1/4

c. 1/3

d. 1/2

26. In the National Violence Against Women Survey, who was found to be at higher risk for experiencing severe forms of assault?

a. girls

b. boys

c. young children

d. older children

27. In surveying children between the ages of 14–17 years old, lifetime prevalence of child maltreatment is ________.

a. 8%

b. 22%

c. 41%

d. 65%

28. Which term describes how victim and offender populations are very diverse?

a. homogeneity

b. heterogeneity

c. diffusion

d. diversion

29. What factor may be influencing the higher estimates of CPA in nonwhite families?

a. socioeconomic status

b. religion

c. culture

d. unsure

30. Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for CPA?

a. being male

b. being female

c. being born premature

d. having developmental disabilities

31. In the majority of abuse cases, who are the adults committing CPA?

a. strangers

b. babysitters

c. community leaders

d. parents

32. According to NIS-4, what percentage of perpetrators of CPA are biological parents?

a. 25%

b. 36%

c. 57%

d. 72%

33. When are children more likely to sustain severe harm from CPA?

a. when committed by a sibling

b. when committed by a parent

c. when committed by a nonparent

d. inconclusive

34. What is the most common form of interpersonal violence?

a. violence between couples

b. violence between parents and children

c. violence between strangers

d. violence between siblings

35. What percentage of children engage in violence toward their siblings?

a. 37%

b. 52%

c. 71%

d. 82%

36. When it comes to nonbiological parents, who is more likely to perpetrate child abuse?

a. men

b. women

c. equally both genders

d. cannot determine

37. Which of the following is NOT a common behavioral problem among abusive parents?

a. substance abuse

b. self-harm

c. anger control problems

d. depression

38. What mental illness can cause CPA to be unintentional?

a. depression

b. anxiety

c. postpartum depression

d. anger management issues

39. What kind of trait has been found to predispose parents to hyper-reactive responses?

a. biological

b. physiological

c. neurological

d. behavioral

40. Janet sees her child’s lack of progress with reading as a deliberate misbehavior. What is this an example characteristic of?

a. average parenting

b. helicopter parenting

c. abusive parenting

d. hyperactive parenting

41. Which of the following family structures is the least likely to perpetrate abuse?

a. children living with two biological parents

b. children living with two parents of opposite genders

c. remarried parents

d. single parents

42. Which factor causes children to be three times more likely to experience abuse?

a. raised by a single parent

b. raised by same-sex parents

c. living in poverty

d. remarried parents

43. Families with CPA are ______ likely to be experiencing other forms of violence like domestic violence.

a. more

b. less

c. equally

d. cannot determine

44. Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to higher negative outcomes for CPA victims?

a. more severe abuse

b. abuse in a short amount of time

c. abuse over a long time period

d. more types of abuse experienced

45. What is the pathway between crime and child abuse?

a. anger

b. depression

c. antisocial behavior

d. internalization

46. Which of the following is NOT a protective factor against the effects of CPA?

a. intelligence

b. high self-esteem

c. supportive parent figure

d. high socioeconomic status

47. All new parents leaving hospitals in Butler county are given extensive materials about child abuse and contact numbers for help. What is this an example of?

a. intervention

b. prevention

c. protective factor

d. risk factor

48. Which of the following describes an intervention strategy in CPA?

a. community awareness

b. pamphlets in hospitals

c. in-home visits for families reported to have CPA

d. required parenting classes in high schools

49. In the past, why did children not receive treatment for CPA?

a. issues were not reported

b. services were not available

c. considered a family problem

d. not illegal

50. Which of the following is a name of a prevention program developed for parents to provide them with training on how to respond without violence?

a. Incredible Years

b. Stop Violence Now

c. Parents Who Don’t Hit

d. Parental Support Today

51. Which of the following is NOT argued to be effective treatment for parents?

a. training on parenting skills

b. addressing distorted cognitions/attributions

c. developing adaptive coping skills

d. forcing parents to spend more time with their children

52. Which is the best level for prevention programs to focus on?

a. individual

b. community

c. state

d. multiple levels

53. Which of the following is NOT an intervention strategy used at the community level as argued by Daro and Dodge?

a. expanding service capacity

b. changing law around CPA

c. improving intervention practices through training

d. altering community standards

54. Which of the following effect does prosecution of CPA have?

a. deterrence effect

b. healing effect

c. harmful effect

d. no effect

1. Federal law defines physical abuse as serious physical or emotional harm.

2. The most recent NIS study shows an increase in CPA.

3. All violent acts against children legally abuse.

4. Boys are at higher risk for CPA than girls.

5. Female perpetrators are more common that male perpetrators of CPA.

6. Abusive parents report no more or less stress than nonabusive parents.

7. Negative physiological patterns of abusive parents are the result of a genetic trait.

8. Abusive parents are more likely to have health problems than those who are nonabusive.

9. The earlier in life a child experiences abuse, the smaller the negative effects.

10. In order for prevention and intervention to be successful, they must be specific and targeted.

11. Intervention strategies only focus on children who have been victims of CPA.

12. Prevention strategies only focus on parents who are at risk.

13. Most high-risk households are not abusive.

1. What are five characteristics that research has discovered about abusive parents?

2. Why is it difficult to draw cause-effect relationships between family structure and abuse? What are other factors correlated with these family structures?

3. Why is it difficult to determine the negative effects of CPA?

4. What are the main effects of CPA? Give examples of each.

5. How can we argue that society is at fault for the death of children due to CPA?

6. What are the five components of cognitive behavioral therapy?

7. What is the rationale behind public awareness campaigns?

8. Even though statistics show that older children are at higher risk of child abuse, why is it logical to argue that it may actually be young children who are at higher risk?