Chapter 4: Child Sexual Abuse

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Out of the following examples, which is a contested form of child sexual abuse?

a. taking photographs of naked children to sell

b. parents walking around naked in front of their children

c. a sibling having anal intercourse with their younger sibling

d. a 13-year-old child agreeing to have sex with step-parent

2. What definitional requirement helps to distinguish between normal caregiving activities and CSA?

a. including contact-only activities

b. including contact and non-contact activities

c. including intent for sexual stimulation

d. including that perpetrators cannot be family

3. Jackson (age 14) said yes when his language arts teacher asked Jackson if she could give him oral sex. Why does this constitute CSA?

a. A teacher cannot have sex with a student.

b. There was physical contact.

c. Jackson did not give consent.

d. Jackson cannot give consent due to his age and the power differential.

4. Which of the following is not a key component that makes up the definition of CSA?

a. intent to cause harm

b. contact and noncontact activities

c. adult’s exploitation

d. age advantage

5. In certain countries in Africa, female genital cutting is a tradition for young girls to undergo. What is this an example of?

a. cultural universals about CSA

b. importance of cultural context in defining CSA

c. histories of CSA

d. cultural harm

6. Which of the following is NOT a common sexual behavior in children aged 2–6 years old?

a. masturbation

b. changing in front of others

c. talking about sex

d. kissing on the mouth

7. Which of the following is NOT a common sexual behavior in middle to late childhood?

a. sexual intercourse

b. talking about sex

c. looking at pornography

d. sexual teasing

8. What percentage of high school seniors have had sexual intercourse?

a. 10%

b. 35%

c. 50%

d. 85%

9. What percentage of middle schoolers have had sexual intercourse?

a. 10%

b. 15%

c. 25%

d. 40%

10. At what level of government are criminal statutes about child sexual abuse decided?

a. local

b. state

c. federal

d. international

11. In most states, when is incest illegal?

a. It is illegal when there is a 5-year age gap.

b. It is illegal when there is no consent given.

c. It is illegal regardless of age or consent.

d. In most states, incest is not illegal.

12. According to the operational definition, sexual acts include all of the following, EXCEPT:

a. penetration between the mouth and penis or vulva.

b. penetration between the penis and vulva.

c. intentional touching of the genitalia.

d. penetration of mouth on the anus.

13. What is the difference between sexual contact and sexual acts?

a. degree of intentionality

b. penetration

c. who the perpetrator is

d. the age of the child

14. In which year was the first definition of commercial sexual exploitation of children developed?

a. 1973

b. 1986

c. 1996

d. 2003

15. Which of the following is NOT a form of commercial sexual exploitation of children?

a. pornography featuring children

b. prostitution

c. sex trafficking

d. school teaching having sexual relations with students

16. Why do some object to the term child pornography?

a. It implies consent.

b. It is a crime.

c. It includes images and video.

d. It features more than young children.

17. Which term is preferred in comparison to child pornography?

a. youth pornography

b. illegal pornography

c. child sexual abuse images

d. abuse images

18. Why is the term trafficking misleading?

a. It implies the movement of very large quantities of people.

b. It is not clear enough.

c. It implies kidnapping only.

d. It implies physical movement.

19. How many children are trafficked in the United States each year?

a. 14,000

b. 326,000

c. 1,530,400

d. cannot determine

20. Which of the following is NOT a found risk factor for CSEC?

a. intellectual disability

b. popular

c. female

d. pubescent

21. How many countries have enacted legislation prohibiting all forms of human trafficking?

a. 35

b. 94

c. 116

d. 205

22. In 2014, how many cases of CSA were substantiated?

a. 10,000

b. 20,000

c. 40,000

d. 60,000

23. Around what percentage of men and women report not having disclosed their experiences of CSA during childhood?

a. 25%

b. 50%

c. 75%

d. 90%

24. Most studies agree that approximately _____________ of women experienced CSA.

a. 5%

b. 15%

c. 20%

d. 30%

25. From which level does the ecological perspective study CSA?

a. individual

b. family

c. society

d. all levels

26. At what stage of life does the risk for sexual abuse peak for females?

a. infancy

b. young childhood

c. early adolescence

d. late adolescence

27. Girls are _______ times more likely than boys to be sexually abused.

a. 2

b. 3

c. 4

d. 5

28. Youth who are sexual minorities are ______ likely to experience sexual abuse than heterosexual youth.

a. more

b. less

c. equally

d. cannot determine

29. Which of the following does NOT impact the likelihood of experiencing CSA?

a. gender

b. sexuality

c. age

d. socioeconomic status

30. At which age do offending males usually come to the attention of authorities?

a. late teens

b. mid 20s

c. mid 30s

d. early 40s

31. Which group is responsible for around 40% of all sex offenses against children?

a. adolescents

b. parents

c. men in their mid-30s

d. teachers

32. Who is more likely to choose male and female victims at an equal rate?

a. men

b. women

c. men and women equally

d. cannot determine

33. What percentage of CSA victims do not know their offender?

a. 10%

b. 15%

c. 20%

d. 35%

34. Which of the following is NOT a disinhibitor?

a. alcohol

b. drugs

c. rationalizing having sex with children as teaching them

d. previously physical abuse against children

35. Which of the following is a neurobiological risk factor for perpetrating CSA?

a. abnormalities in brain anatomy

b. depression

c. low self-esteem

d. antisocial personality disorder

36. Which of the following phrases refers to the mode of operation for offenders?

a. modus oppendlia

b. modus operandi

c. ab epistulis

d. ab absurdo

37. What concept is used to discuss exploitation that occurs over the Internet?

a. Internet exploitation

b. web exploitation

c. cyberexploitation

d. interweb exploitation

38. Which of the following is NOT one of the three ways that children are at risk for cyberexploitation?

a. propositioned online for sexual activity

b. blackmailed for child pornography

c. sexual harassment

d. exposed to sexually explicit material

39. Sarah’s mother got laid off from her job. In order to afford rent the mother’s boyfriend moved in with them. After a month, the boyfriend started to sexually abuse Sarah. What risk factor is this characteristic of?

a. low socioeconomic status

b. marital discord and divorce

c. family instability

d. the absence of family support

40. Who are CSA victims less likely to live with?

a. biological fathers

b. stepfather

c. foster father

d. single parent

41. ___________ parent bonds can contribute as a risk factor for CSA.

a. Strong

b. Weak

c. Uneven

d. Inconsistent

42. Which of the following often leads individuals to fulfill their intimacy through inappropriate relationships?

a. antisocial personalities disorder

b. previous experience with child sexual abuse

c. mental health disorders

d. disrupted parent-child relationships

43. ____________ means that a person is made into a thing for another person’s sexual use, and their value only comes from their sexual appeal and behavior.

a. Sexual valuing

b. Sexism

c. Sexualization

d. Sex typing

44. Children today are sexualized ____ often in comparison to earlier generations.

a. more

b. less

c. equally

d. cannot determine

45. Until recently, what was one of the only offered explanations for perpetration of CSA?

a. deviant sexual arousal

b. deficiency in social skills

c. cognitive problems

d. biological disposition

46. Which theory incorporates single-factor theories including biological, neuropsychological, and ecological factors?

a. multiple level theory of sexual offending

b. multi-phase theory of sexual offending

c. integration theory of sexual offending

d. life course sexual offending

47. What is the most commonly identified symptom in sexually abused children?

a. cognitive problems

b. suicidal ideation

c. sexualized behavior

d. aggression

48. Which group of children exhibits the highest levels of sexualized behavior?

a. neglected children

b. physically abuse children

c. sexually abused children

d. psychiatrically disturbed children

49. What proportion of CSA victims display sexualized behavior?

a. 1/5

b. 1/4

c. 1/3

d. 1/2

50. What outcome of sexual abuse includes nightmares, fear, and somatic complaints?

a. sexualized behavior

b. PTSD

c. trauma anxiety

d. depression

51. Which group of children is most likely to receive a diagnosis of PTSD?

a. physically abused children

b. sexually abused children

c. neglected children

d. emotionally abused children

52. What are the most important pre-abuse factors?

a. prior history of trauma and psychological problems

b. domestic violence

c. family illness

d. parental psychopathology

53. In which decade did school-based empowerment programs become popular in the United States?

a. 1960s

b. 1970s

c. 1980s

d. 1990s

54. What are the two aspects that prevention programs focus on?

a. primary prevention and detection

b. education and treatment of pedophiles

c. primary prevention and treatment of victims

d. education of parents and public awareness

1. Child sexual abuse includes only activities involving contact.

2. Sexualized behavior in children is uncommon.

3. Rates of CSA have been declining since the 1990s.

4. Females are more likely than males to experience CSA.

5. Most CSA perpetrators are male.

6. Results on cyber exploitation of youth show that perpetrators are frequently successful at using the Internet as their mode of victimization.

7. One of the most common problems observed with adult victims of CSA is PTSD.

8. Symptoms associated with child sexual abuse stay within the years of childhood.

9. The same pattern of symptoms is found in all victims of CSA.

10. The threat of force is linked with increased negative outcomes.

11. Postabuse events are the ways victims respond to their abuse.

12. Prevention and intervention are only done with children and the parents.

13. The impact of legislation on CSA perpetration is unknown.

1. What are the two reasons that children are viewed as incapable of giving consent in sexual situations?

2. What are some of the benefits and challenges to self-report surveys of child sexual assault?

3. Why do perpetrators make their victims feel exceptionally special? What purpose does this serve?

4. Why do female perpetrators of CSA go underreported?

5. Why is the sexualization of children a concern?

6. What does the acronym PRACTICE mean?