Chapter 2: Methods and Perspectives in VMIR

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Patriarchy, legal constraints of marriage, and privacy of family are examples of causes that contribute to VMIR at the __________ level.

a. individual

b. interactionist

c. community

d. structural

2. Which of the following is NOT a structural contribution of VMIR?

a. personal histories of abuse

b. increased time spent with intimates

c. patriarchy

d. power differentials

3. Why does being physically weaker make someone more likely to be a victim?

a. They are an ideal target.

b. They are more vulnerable.

c. They cannot defend themselves.

d. They will be overpowered.

4. According to Levesque, what helps to hide VMIR?

a. society’s adoption of religion

b. a state’s laws

c. idealized notion of the family

d. cultural understandings of violence

5. A neighbor witnesses a parent smack a child from across the street. She asks her spouse if maybe they should report this behavior. The spouse responds that it isn’t any of their business. This is an example of which of the beliefs of the idealized family?

a. parental rights supersede children’s rights

b. family members act in the best interests of children

c. families with traditional culture are strong

d. families have the right to privacy and autonomy

6. The hitting continuum ranges from _______ to __________.

a. soft hitting to hard hitting

b. no injuries to injuries

c. accidental violence to purposeful violence

d. legitimate violence to illegitimate violence

7. What is defined as the collective efforts of a society to ensure conformity and prevent deviance?

a. laws

b. social control

c. a state

d. social norms

8. The basic assumption for social control theories is that people are _________.

a. emotional

b. moral

c. rational

d. nonlogical

9. What does it mean to be a rational being?

a. use logic in making any decisions

b. using common sense to navigate the world

c. rationalize all actions

d. maximize benefits and minimize costs

10. Social control theory would argue that VMIR exists because cost is __________.

a. low

b. high

c. ignored

d. misunderstood

11. The last time Frank hit his son in public, no one said anything to him or called the police. What is this an example of?

a. no social norms

b. break down of social norms

c. low cost

d. high cost

12. Which of the following is an example of a formal mechanism of social control?

a. community organizations

b. child protective services (CPS)

c. churches

d. gossip

13. Mary drags a screaming child from a store and quickly swats him on the bottom. People passing by stare and mumble under their breath. What is this an example of?

a. breakdown of norms

b. formal mechanisms of social control

c. informal mechanisms of social control

d. violation of norms

14. The perceived probability of getting caught by formal agents of social control is also called _________.

a. severity of punishment

b. inevitable punishment

c. certainty of punishment

d. probable punishment

15. People are more likely to be deviant when social costs are __________.

a. low

b. high

c. ignored

d. misunderstood

16. Amanda decides to steal from the local corner store because even if she does get caught, she figures she will just receive a warning. What cost is she considering here?

a. severity of punishment

b. certainty of punishment

c. legal punishment

d. social punishment

17. Why is it more likely that a father will “lose it” and hit his son than he is likely to hit a neighboring child?

a. The laws regarding each of these acts are different.

b. Children are more frustrating when they are your own.

c. Parents interact with their children more than others.

d. There are lower costs to hitting family than nonfamily.

18. Since the 1990s, rates of IMVR are ________.

a. higher

b. lower

c. the same

d. impossible to determine

19. What did Bandura’s experiment with the bobo doll demonstrate?

a. Human behavior is learned.

b. Human behavior is instinctual.

c. Human behavior is complex.

d. The results were inconclusive.

20. What does Level I of the funnel metaphor represent?

a. total amount of VMIR in society

b. reported amounts of VMIR

c. substantiated amounts of VMIR

d. VMIR cases in the criminal justice system

21. How do you estimate the total amount of VMIR?

a. a number of convicted cases

b. reports to police

c. surveys

d. it is impossible

22. What does Level II of the funnel metaphor represent?

a. total amount of VMIR in society

b. reported amounts of VMIR

c. substantiated amounts of VMIR

d. VMIR cases in the criminal justice system

23. What does Level III of the funnel metaphor represent?

a. total amount of VMIR in society

b. reported amounts of VMIR

c. substantiated amounts of VMIR

d. VMIR cases in the criminal justice system

24. What is a substantiated case?

a. a case with enough evidence that official agents believe it occurred

b. a case where the guilty party is legally found guilty

c. a case where the guilty party is found not guilty

d. a case where there is not enough evidence to show that the violence occurred

25. How many investigated cases of child abuse are substantiated?

a. 1 in 2

b. 1 in 3

c. 1 in 4

d. 1 in 5

26. What occurs at Level IV of the funnel?

a. guilty parties receive punishment

b. intervention from authorities

c. researchers conduct surveys

d. police investigate claims

27. How many substantiated cases of child abuse receive intervention?

a. 1/2

b. 2/3

c. 3/5

d. all

28. What system is involved with Levels V and VI of the funnel metaphor?

a. Child Protective Services

b. intervention programs

c. community programs

d. criminal justice system

29. What does operationalized mean?

a. defining a concept

b. measuring prevalence

c. turning a concept into a question

d. debating an existing definition

30. Which of the following is NOT a methodological concern with self-report surveys about VMIR?

a. faulty memory

b. people who lie

c. access to respondents

d. concerns about operationalization

31. Levels II and III of the funnel are compiled through _______________.

a. self-report surveys

b. official statistics

c. conviction rates

d. the FBI

32. The uniform crime report is an example of what kind of statistic or survey?

a. conviction statistics

b. self-report survey

c. official statistics

d. advocacy statistic

33. What are the gaps between levels of the funnel called?

a. missing cases

b. unknown figure

c. unknown cases

d. dark figure

34. Who collects the Uniform Crime Report statistics?

a. police stations

b. FBI

c. prisons

d. advocacy groups

35. What are the chances that a female murder victim is killed by a male intimate?

a. 1 in 2

b. 2 in 3

c. 3 in 5

d. 1 in 5

36. Which data set surveys professionals who are mandated reporters of child maltreatment?

a. UCR

b. NCVS

c. NIS

d. NCANDS

37. Where in the funnel would you locate the NCVS data?

a. Level I

b. Level II

c. Level III

d. Level IV

38. Which survey presents violence as a health concern?

a. NVS

b. UCR

c. NIS

d. NISVS

39. Which survey instrument works to normalize conflict in intimate relationships?

a. NCVS

b. NIS

c. CTS

d. UCR

40. What was the NatSCEV designed to account for?

a. violence against spouses

b. maltreatment of children and the elderly

c. date rape

d. polyvictimization

41. What survey utilizes the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ)?

a. CTS

b. NatSCEV

c. NIS

d. NCVS

42. What is an advocacy statistic?

a. ideologically motivated statistic

b. incorrect statistic

c. unreliable statistic

d. statistic made by rape crisis advocates

43. ________ means that a cause must occur before an effect.

a. Nonspuriousness

b. Correlation

c. Time order

d. Causation

44. If a woman with depression experiences IPV, we may have a problem with __________.

a. effectization

b. time order

c. nonspuriousness

d. correlation

45. What do we call a nonaccidental relationship?

a. nonspuriousness

b. time order

c. correlation

d. causation

46. Rates of ice cream consumption and instances of rape are highly correlated. This is an example of a violation of ___________.

a. time order

b. correlation

c. nonspuriousness

d. advocacy statistic

47. In research on VMIR, experimental controlled trails are used to study _____________.

a. prevalence of sexual assault

b. prevalence of child abuse

c. effects of victimization

d. evaluation of intervention and prevention programs

48. What research method helps to control for the time-order problem?

a. self-report surveys

b. longitudinal studies

c. cross-sectional studies

d. retrospective

49. Which of the following is NOT a journal dedicated to publishing about VMIR?

a. Violence Against Women

b. Crime & Delinquency

c. Child Maltreatment

d. Journal of Family Violence

50. If you read that 10% of women are victims of rape and 20% are victims of drug-facilitated rape, why can you not assume that 30% of women experience some form of sexual assault?

a. advocacy statistics

b. survey participants lie

c. polyvictimization

d. correlation, not causation

1. CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY. What criteria does a researcher need to meet to establish a causal link?

a. correlation

b. time order

c. nonspuriousness

d. relationship

2. CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY. Widom’s research on effects of child abuse is an example of which research design method?

a. longitudinal

b. correlation

c. cross-sectional

d. matched control groups

1. The “it just happens” argument occurs most frequently outside of intimate relationships.

2. The “it just happens” argument contributes to perpetuation of violence.

3. Human behavior is instinctual.

4. There is strong empirical support for intergenerational transmission of violence.

5. The total amount of VMIR is an unknowable number.

6. An increase in VMIR is always caused by a change in that behavior.

7. Female homicide victims are more likely to be killed by a male intimate partner.

8. The NIS is conducted annually.

9. Pure objective scientific analysis of society is possible.

10. Max Weber stated that value-driven research should be rejected.

1. Explain the structural constraints that contribute to the occurrence of VMIR?

2. What are the four beliefs associated with the idealized image of the family? Give an example of how these can work to cover up or justify violence.

3. Explain deterrence theory in terms of social control. What makes deviance more or less likely?

4. Describe the funnel metaphor in terms of VMIR.

5. What would reports of child abuse from 100 years ago look like in comparison to today? What might account for any differences?

6. Choose a data set to describe and explain. Who collects the data, what level of the funnel does it address, how is it collected, what variables do they collect? Lastly, what are some problems it may have?