Test Bank Chapter 12 The Family And Intimate Relationships

Sociology: Brief, 13e (Schaefer)

Chapter 12 The Family and Intimate Relationships

1) Which of the following best defines a family?

A) A set of people related by blood, marriage or some other agreed-upon relationship, or adoption, who share the responsibility for reproducing and caring for members of society.

B) A married couple and their unmarried children living together.

C) Two unrelated adults who have chosen to share each other's lives in a relationship of mutual caring.

D) A group of individuals, relation not necessary, living together.

2) A married couple and their unmarried children living together constitute a(n)

A) nuclear family.

B) extended family.

C) matrilocal family.

D) patrilocal family.

3) A man and his wife and their biological children live on a pretty piece of land in Woodstock, Vermont. They are an example of a(n)

A) extended family.

B) nuclear family.

C) clan.

D) polygynous family.

4) A married couple, their children, and other relatives—such as grandparents, aunts, or uncles—living together in the same household constitute a(n)

A) nuclear family.

B) extended family.

C) matrilocal family.

D) patrilocal family.

5) Which of the following is considered an extended family?

A) A college sorority

B) The Arapesh tribe of New Guinea

C) Beverly, her husband Bob, and their two children, Barry and Bonnie

D) A married couple, their children, and the husband's sister all living together in the same home

6) Monogamy refers to a form of marriage in which

A) an individual has only one partner.

B) a woman may have several husbands at the same time.

C) a man may have several wives at the same time.

D) an individual has several spouses in a lifetime, but only one at a time.

7) Which of the following is an example of monogamy?

A) Ted and Tonya have been married to each other for 3 months.

B) Tori, Tito, and Tabitha have been living with each other for 14 years.

C) Troy and his sister Tracy live together in an apartment.

D) All of these answers are correct.

8) When a person has several spouses in a lifetime, but only one spouse at a time, it is called

A) polygamy.

B) polygyny.

C) serial monogamy.

D) serial polygamy.

9) Steve and Mary are married and then get a divorce. Steve then marries Rachel, and they get a divorce, too. Steve remarries Mary and lives with her until she dies. After Mary's death, Steve marries Beth and lives with her until his death. These relationships of Steve's life are an example of

A) polygamy.

B) polygyny.

C) serial monogamy.

D) polyandry.

10) What is the general term for a marriage in which an individual can have several husbands or wives at the same time?

A) Monogamy

B) Polygamy

C) Polygyny

D) Polyandry

11) In the Oneida community that existed in New York State from 1840 to 1880, the community members were all married to one another—that is, all the men in the community were married to all the women, and all the women were married to all the men. This is an example of

A) serial monogamy.

B) polygamy.

C) matrilineal descent.

D) egalitarianism.

12) Which of the following terms refers to the marriage of a man to more than one woman at the same time?

A) Monogamy

B) Plurality

C) Polygyny

D) Polyandry

13) In some societies, a man will marry a woman and her sisters. This is a form of

A) monogamy.

B) polygyny.

C) polyandry.

D) group marriage.

14) Under which marital form can a woman have several husbands at the same time?

A) Monogamy

B) Polygamy

C) Polygyny

D) Polyandry

15) Which sociological perspective would be likely to suggest that polyandrous cultures devalue the social worth of women?

A) Functionalist perspective

B) Conflict perspective

C) Interactionist perspective

D) Global perspective

16) What is the difference between a family and a kin group?

A) The family is a household unit, and kin do not always live together.

B) Kin is a household unit, but a family does not always live together.

C) Family units include aunts and uncles, but a kin group does not.

D) Kin groups and families are identical.

17) Which pattern of descent is most typical in the U.S.?

A) Matrilineal

B) Patrilineal

C) Bilateral

D) Bilineal

18) Patrilineal descent refers to a

A) kinship system in which both sides of a person's family are regarded as equally important.

B) kinship system that favors the relatives of the father.

C) pattern of residence in which a married couple lives with the husband's parents.

D) society in which men are expected to dominate family decision making.

19) A kinship system that favors the relatives of the mother is based on

A) bilineal descent.

B) matrilineal descent.

C) trilineal descent.

D) patrilineal descent.

20) Males are expected to dominate family decision making in a(n)

A) matriarchy.

B) patriarchy.

C) neolocal society.

D) egalitarian society.

21) A matriarchy is a society in which

A) women hold greater authority than men.

B) women hold no authority at all.

C) men hold greater authority than women.

D) women and men hold equal amounts of authority.

22) In which type of society do women hold greater authority than men?

A) A matriarchy

B) A patrilineal society

C) A neolocal society

D) An egalitarian society

23) In some hunting-and-gathering societies, men are away from home for long periods of time. As a result, it is not unusual to find that the women are fully responsible for the household and for making most of the major family decisions. In these societies, which pattern of authority is evident?

A) Egalitarian

B) Matriarchal

C) Matrilineal

D) Matricentric

24) In which type of authority pattern are the adult members of the family regarded as equals?

A) Neolocal

B) Bilateral

C) Egalitarian

D) Homogamous

25) Friedrich Engels, a colleague of Karl Marx, noted that

A) the family is the ultimate source of social inequality.

B) there are six paramount functions of the family.

C) 80 percent of the 565 societies he studied had some type of polygamy.

D) there are six stations of divorce, but the most important is the economic station.

26) Which sociological perspective notes the ways in which the family gratifies the needs of its members and contributes to the stability of society?

A) Functionalist perspective

B) Conflict perspective

C) Interactionist perspective

D) Feminist perspective

27) Which sociological perspective would suggest that social change has influenced the family, in that many traditional family activities, such as education, have been assumed by other social institutions?

A) Functionalist perspective

B) Conflict perspective

C) Interactionist perspective

D) Anomie perspective

28) Which sociological perspective would be likely to suggest that family decision making reflects the inequality of traditional gender stratification, in which men have held a dominant position over women?

A) Functionalist perspective

B) Conflict perspective

C) Interactionist perspective

D) Labeling perspective

29) Which sociological perspective would argue that the U.S. family contributes to social injustice and denies women opportunities that are commonly extended to men?

A) Functionalist perspective

B) Conflict perspective

C) Interactionist perspective

D) Global perspective

30) Feminists have argued that laws in the U.S. traditionally viewed wives and children as the property of the husband. This view reflects the concerns of which sociological perspective?

A) Functionalist perspective

B) Conflict perspective

C) Interactionist perspective

D) Global perspective

31) Which sociological perspective(s) would most likely focus attention on the personal relationships between stepparents and their stepchildren and the family dynamics involved in such relationships?

A) Functionalist perspective

B) Conflict and feminist perspectives

C) Interactionist perspective

D) Global perspective

32) Which sociological perspective would contend that social scientists need to rethink the notion that families without an adult male present are automatically a cause for concern?

A) Functionalist perspective

B) Conflict perspective

C) Interactionist perspective

D) Feminist perspective

33) Which sociological perspective supports the view of marriage as a social institution closely tied to human reproduction?

A) Functionalist perspective

B) Conflict perspective

C) Interactionist perspective

D) Feminist perspective

34) In all cultures, which of the following assumes the ultimate responsibility for the protection and upbringing of children?

A) Tribes

B) Communities

C) Families

D) Kinships

35) The restriction of mate selection to people within the same group is known as

A) exogamy.

B) hypergamy.

C) endogamy.

D) homogamy.

36) Sarna, an Orthodox Jew, marries Nathan, a Reform Jew. Sarna is disowned by her parents because, as far as they are concerned, she has married outside their religion. She has violated the rule of

A) hypergamy.

B) endogamy.

C) homogamy.

D) exogamy.

37) The requirement that individuals select mates from outside certain groups is known as

A) exogamy.

B) hypergamy.

C) endogamy.

D) homogamy.

38) The term incest taboo refers to

A) the prohibition of sexual relationships between certain culturally specified relatives.

B) the prohibition of marriage between close relatives and neighbors.

C) the requirement, in some cultures, of having one's sexual initiation occur within the safe confines of a family relationship.

D) not having sex with neighbors or business associates.

39) The incest taboo is an example of

A) exogamy.

B) homogamy.

C) endogamy.

D) heterogamy.

40) In most states in the U.S., an individual is not permitted to marry a parent, a sibling, an aunt or an uncle, a grandparent, or a first or second cousin. These rules reflect our societal emphasis on

A) the incest taboo.

B) endogamy.

C) exogamy.

D) homogamy.

41) In the U.S., endogamous rules stressed by many groups include marriage within

A) one's own racial, ethnic, and religious group.

B) one's own family group.

C) one's own sexual group.

D) one's own peer group.

42) The feminization of poverty refers to the disproportionate representation of

A) women in the workforce.

B) female-headed households among the poor.

C) male-headed households among the poor.

D) females in professional-level jobs.

43) Machismo refers to

A) bonding between members of a Hispanic street gang.

B) a sense of virility, personal worth, and pride in one's maleness.

C) the "brotherhood" that exists between members of an Italian crime syndicate.

D) pride in the extended family, expressed through close ties.

44) Which of the following is an example of machismo?

A) Mary drives a pickup truck.

B) José, a Mexican American, drives a flashy sports car, works out in a gym, and believes that he can "get any woman that he wants."

C) Reggie, an African American, is the captain of his college football team.

D) Susana opens doors for both men and women.

45) The term familism refers to pride in the

A) nuclear family, expressed through the maintenance of a strong system of rituals and permanence.

B) extended family, expressed through the maintenance of close ties and strong obligations to kinfolk.

C) single-parent family, expressed through the maintenance of close bonds and attention to the needs of children.

D) a sense of virility, personal worth, and pride in one's own family.

46) Although Maria and Juan, a young Mexican American couple, have formed a nuclear family, they enjoy their relationships with parents and relatives and interact with them on a daily basis. This is an example of

A) machismo.

B) familism.

C) a domestic partnership.

D) homogamy.

47) As Mexican Americans and other groups assimilate into the dominant culture of the U.S., their family lives

A) typically lose most of their distinctive ethnic characteristics.

B) take on the positive aspects often associated with White households.

C) take on the negative aspects often associated with White households.

D) take on both the positive and negative aspects often associated with White households.

48) In societies with economic considerations at play, arranged marriages are engineered by

A) parents.

B) politicians.

C) community leaders.

D) peers.

49) The conscious or unconscious tendency to select a mate with personal characteristics similar to one's own is known as

A) exogamy.

B) incest taboo.

C) endogamy.

D) homogamy.

50) Which of the following factors has contributed to the delay in marriage?

A) Financial security

B) Educational pursuits

C) Lack of single individuals

D) High standards

51) The process that allows for the transfer of the legal rights, responsibilities, and privileges of parenthood to a new legal parent or parents is referred to as

A) functions of the family.

B) fostering.

C) adoption.

D) cohabitation.

52) A teenage couple produces a baby, and they agree that they are too young to raise it on their own. The girl's aunt and uncle cannot produce a child of their own, and they all agree that it would be a good idea if the aunt and uncle take legal custody of the baby. This is an example of

A) cohabitation.

B) adoption.

C) heterogamy.

D) endogamy.

53) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to point out that policymakers have both a humanitarian and a financial stake in promoting adoption?

A) Functionalist perspective

B) Conflict perspective

C) Interactionist perspective

D) Global perspective

54) After his divorce from Wanda, Willy has custody of his two young children. Fortunately, his job allows him to work from home on his computer, and he is able to earn a living to support his family and to spend as much time as necessary supervising and caring for his children. This is an example of a(n)

A) nuclear family.

B) extended family.

C) single-parent family.

D) co-parental family.

55) Which of the following statements concerning stepfamilies is true?

A) Children raised by stepmothers are likely to have less health care, education, and money spent on their food than children raised by biological mothers.

B) The well-being of children in stepfamilies is better, on average, than that of children in single-parent households.

C) Children would be better off living with a couple in conflict than going through divorce and living with a new stepparent.

D) All of these answers are correct.

56) What is likely the most important factor in the increase in divorce over the past hundred years?

A) More liberal laws

B) Increased stigma of divorce

C) Economic opportunities for men

D) Increase in the social acceptance of divorce

57) Why is divorce for many same-sex couples currently more complicated than for opposite-sex couples?

A) Although same-sex marriage has been legalized, same-sex divorce has not been legalized.

B) Most courts refuse to take on same-sex divorce cases.

C) Before same-sex marriage was legalized nationwide, many same-sex couples traveled outside their home jurisdictions in order to be legally married.

D) According to Obergefell v. Jones (2015), same-sex "marriages" legally only qualify as civil unions.

58) Donna, a 33-year-old divorcee with two sons, and Mark, a 50-year-old divorcee with two daughters, become engaged and live together. Although they are strongly committed to one another, they never actually go ahead with the marriage. This is an example of

A) cohabitation.

B) an extended family.

C) heterogamy.

D) both cohabitation and an extended family.

59) Which of the following statements about childlessness in the U.S. is correct?

A) There has been a modest increase in childlessness.

B) Childlessness has decreased dramatically.

C) Childlessness is directly correlated to views on abstinence.

D) There has been a modest decrease in childlessness.

60) Polygamy, polygyny, and polyandry are all forms of serial monogamy.

61) Polygyny is a social system in which women may have several husbands and in which women are more powerful than men.

62) Polyandry, a system in which women may have several husbands, is an example—albeit a rare one—of a social order in which women are more powerful than men.

63) The family as an institution exists in all cultures.

64) Kinship is culturally learned and is not totally determined by biological or marital ties.

65) The family and kin groups are one and the same.

66) In patriarchal societies, the eldest male often wields the greatest power.

67) Matriarchies are very common, especially among Native American societies.

68) Standards of sexual behavior are most clearly defined within the family circle.

69) Interactionist theorists emphasize the relationships among family members.

70) The most consistent aspect of family life in this country has been the high rate of marriage.

71) Two examples of endogamy are the incest taboo and former laws that prohibited the marriage of Blacks and Whites in some parts of the U.S.

72) The term we use for the "like marries like" rule is homogamy.

73) More and more people in the U.S. are postponing entry into their first marriage.

74) The transition to parenthood is gradual.

75) Heritage camps immerse children in cultural experiences reflective of their cultural background.

76) Most states have adopted more liberal divorce laws in the past decades.

77) Custodial arrangements are always followed by divorced parents.

78) It will be many years before it is possible to identify the divorce and remarriage patterns of same-sex couples.

79) Couples who seek divorce usually must either return to the place where they were married and re-establish legal residence or try to work through the still-undefined process in their home state.

80) According to data from the Census Bureau, there has been a modest decrease in the number of childless married couples in the U.S.

81) The trend toward maintaining a single lifestyle for a longer period is related to the growing economic independence of young people.

82) Paid parental leave for mothers and fathers with newborns or newly adopted children is common in all countries, developed or not.

83) In the United States, family leave is left to the employee and employer's discretion.

84) Compare and contrast the different types of families across cultures.

85) Compare and contrast the family from a kinship. Provide examples to help illustrate.

86) Do you believe that the Oneida community is a family or a kinship? Explain.

87) Discuss the social institution of family from the various sociological perspectives. Give examples to support your answer.

88) Identify and contrast the various forms of marriage found throughout most societies of the world.

89) Describe the various norms of mate selection and explain how they may or may not be related to a love relationship.

90) Explain the increasing trend in dual-income couples.

91) Identify the various factors associated with divorce that increased its acceptance throughout the twentieth century.

92) How common is divorce? Explain.

93) Discuss the issues that gay couples who are looking to divorce may face.

94) Discuss and contrast the variations of contemporary family styles found within the U.S.

95) Discuss why those who remain childless by choice might need the assistance of support networks like those listed in your text.

96) Discuss family leave policies via the sociological perspectives.