Test Bank Ch.5 Davey Motivation - Test Bank | Psychology by Davey 1e by Graham C. Davey. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 05: Motivation
True/False
1. Many of our basic motives are innate.
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Easy
2. Behaviours that are driven by instinctual motivation are automatic.
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
3. Many maternal behaviours, such as nesting, are instinctually motivated.
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
4. Basic motives such as hunger are learned.
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Easy
Fill-in-the-blank
5. The instinct theory of motivation suggests that many of our behaviours are __________ programmed.
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
6. Sex and aggressions are some of the most commonly cited __________ that humans experience.
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
Short answer
7. Which disorder does your textbook cite as an example of behaviour that goes against one of our key instincts?
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Hard
Multiple choice
8. Virgin female rats typically ignore unfamiliar rat pups, yet they engage in a rich repertoire of maternal behaviours when their own pups are born. Which theory of motivation explains this behaviour?
a) Arousal
b) Instinct
c) Drive reduction
d) Incentive
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
9. ______ motives are inborn.
a) Social
b) Cultural
c) Basic
d) Learned
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
10. Motives such as hunger and thirst that are essential for survival ________.
a) are learned via classical conditioning
b) are acquired through social observation
c) are present at birth
d) emerge during early childhood
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
11. Which of the following behaviours is the best example of instinctual motivation?
a) Maria loves to read because her mother pays her five dollars for every book.
b) Leila learns how to play tennis by observing and imitating her coach.
c) Bella nurses and grooms her newborn puppies as a result of the changing hormone levels that coincided with the birth of her offspring.
d) Max learns that meditation provides him relief from his frequent headaches.
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Hard
12. Which theory of motivation states that our behaviours are attempts by the body to maintain homeostasis?
a) Drive reduction
b) Instinct
c) Arousal
d) Incentive
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Easy
Essay
13. Name one shortcoming of instinct theory?
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
Fill-in-the-blank
14. The tendency of the body to maintain itself in a state of equilibrium is known as __________.
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
15. The __________ argues that humans are motivated to keep the bodily homeostasis.
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
Short answer
16. Name the steps that occur after the emergence of a biological need in Hull’s drive-reduction theory.
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
Multiple choice
17. Some drugs can induce physiological pleasure, increasing our motivation to seek for more. This is an example of:
a) dangerous behaviour
b) addictive behaviour
c) impulsive behaviour
d) learned behaviour
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Easy
18. According to the __________ theory, a(n) ___________ emerges as the drug’s level decreases in the body and this produces effects that are contrary to those of the drug.
a) opponent-process; after-reaction
b) instinct; after-reaction
c) opponent-process; addictive behaviour
d) instinct; addictive behaviour
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
19. Which brain system is also known as the brain’s reward system?
a) the serotonergic system
b) the adrenaline system
c) the dopamine system
d) the glutamatergic system
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
20. In learning theories, drugs can act as a(n):
a) opponent-process
b) positive reinforcement
c) incentive
d) motivation
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
21. What type of learning is associated with the phenomenon of cravings?
a) procedural learning
b) fast learning
c) associative learning
d) observational learning
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
Essay
22. Why is going out all night dancing difficult for drive-reduction theory to explain?
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Hard
Fill-in-the-blank
23. The dopamine system does not only activate the pleasurable effects of a drug, but it attributes __________ to events or stimuli associated with the drug.
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
Short Answer
24. Which three brain areas are part of the dopamine reward pathway?
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Hard
Essay
25. Why is it so hard to quit smoking?
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
Multiple Choice
26. Which theory of motivation can best explain individual differences?
a) Arousal
b) Instinct
c) Drive reduction
d) None of the above
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
27. To maintain the homeostasis of body temperature, what behavioural actions can be taken?
a) Get a cold drink when hot
b) Get a warm drink when cold
c) Shed clothing when hot
d) All of the above
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Easy
28. Which of the following behaviours cannot be explained by drive reduction theory?
a) Temperature regulation
b) Skydiving
c) Weight gain/loss
d) Sexual behaviour
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Hard
29. What behaviour does arousal theory explain that instinct and drive reduction theories of motivation cannot?
a) Hunger
b) Curiosity
c) Thirst
d) Sexual
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Hard
30. Mark works on an assembly line building brooms and he enjoys listening to music during the work day because he is bored. At home when he builds model airplanes, he is thoroughly engaged, and needs absolute quiet during this task. What law explains this difference in Mark’s need for arousal?
a) Law of Relativity
b) Komolgorov-Smirnoff
c) Fitt’s law
d) Yerkes-Dodson
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
31. Which of the following tasks might not be disrupted by highly arousing circumstances?
a) Taking a calculus test
b) Defusing a bomb
c) Piloting an airplane during takeoffs/landings
d) Running a marathon
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Easy
32. According to Maslow’s hierarchy, where are basic needs such as eating and drinking located?
a) At the base of the dodecahedron
b) At the tangent of the dodecahedron
c) At the apex of the pyramid
d) At the base of the pyramid
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
33. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, people who engage in selfless, altruistic behaviour may have reached __________.
a) safety needs
b) self-actualization
c) basic needs
d) a condition that directs behaviour for survival needs
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
34. What neurotransmitter system is generally associated with rewards?
a) Epinephrine
b) Dopamine
c) Serotonin
d) GABA
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
35. Which of the following is an example of an incentive?
a) Money
b) Food
c) Social recognition
d) All of the above
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
True/False
36. Arousal theory deviates from drive reduction theory because we are not always motivated to reduce arousal back to some neutral state.
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Hard
37. The arousal theory can explain why different people respond differently to the same situation.
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
Short Answer
38. What scientific law states that ideal task performance occurs when our arousal level is at an optimal level for the difficulty of a task?
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
Essay
39. According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, what is the relationship between task difficulty and arousal?
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Hard
Fill-in-the-blank
40. At the top of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is the need for __________.
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Easy
41. __________ reside on the tier directly above the most basic needs in Maslow’s hierarchy.
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
42. Food and sex are examples of __________ incentives.
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
Essay
43. Describe the difference between primary and secondary incentives. Provide an example of each type of incentive.
Section Ref: Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the five major theories of motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
Multiple Choice
44. Fast food restaurants have __________ the size of their portions over the years.
a) substantially decreased
b) slightly decreased
c) slightly increased
d) substantially increased
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Hunger and Drinking
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations of hunger and drinking, and name and describe the main disorders associated with eating.
Difficulty: Easy
45. Men are recommended to take __________ calories a day. Women’s intake should be approximately __________ calories a day.
a) 3,000; 2,500
b) 2,500; 2,000
c) 2,000; 1,500
d) 2,500; 1,500
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Hunger and Drinking
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations of hunger and drinking, and name and describe the main disorders associated with eating.
Difficulty: Easy
46. What cues are activated by the stretching of receptors in the stomach?
a) Hunger
b) Obesity
c) Satiety
d) Defecation
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Hunger and Drinking
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations of hunger and drinking, and name and describe the main disorders associated with eating.
Difficulty: Medium
47. What surgical technique might a physician use to activate stretch receptors in the stomach?
a) Placing a balloon in the stomach
b) Removing the stomach
c) Reducing arterial flow of blood to the stomach
d) Removing a portion of the stomach
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Hunger and Drinking
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations of hunger and drinking, and name and describe the main disorders associated with eating.
Difficulty: Medium
48. What type of receptors in the stomach have a greater role in the feeling of satiety?
a) Nociceptors
b) Stretch receptors
c) Tension receptors
d) None of the above
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Hunger and Drinking
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations of hunger and drinking, and name and describe the main disorders associated with eating.
Difficulty: Medium
49. Both __________ and __________ in the stomach are responsible for our feeling full.
a) mechanoreceptors; nociceptors
b) mechanoreceptors; tension
c) stretch; tension
d) stretch; nociceptors
Abs: c
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Hunger and Drinking
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations of hunger and drinking, and name and describe the main disorders associated with eating.
Difficulty: Medium
50. Which of the following statements regarding weight loss surgery is INACCURATE?
a) Both gastric band and gastric bypass alter the mechanical signals that trigger hunger.
b) Both gastric band and gastric bypass lead the stomach receptors to become activated quickly.
c) Both gastric band and gastric bypass are very effective in the long term.
d) Both gastric band and gastric bypass are very effective in the short term.
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Hunger and Drinking
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations of hunger and drinking, and name and describe the main disorders associated with eating.
Difficulty: Medium
51. Which of the following is not a weight-loss surgery commonly used in the UK?
a) Gastric bypass
b) Stomach transplant
c) Gastric band
d) All of the above
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Hunger and Drinking
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations of hunger and drinking, and name and describe the main disorders associated with eating.
Difficulty: Medium
52. Greg had a gastric band surgery two years ago to help him losing weight. Despite he had notably lost weight after the first few months, now he is almost as overweight as he was before the intervention. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
a) Greg might not have engaged in regular exercise.
b) Greg might not have followed a healthy diet.
c) Greg’s sense of hunger and satiety may not be completely controlled by mechanoreceptors. Other biological mechanisms may play a role in his obesity.
d) All of the above.
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Hunger and Drinking
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations of hunger and drinking, and name and describe the main disorders associated with eating.
Difficulty: Hard
Short Answer
53. Which two chemicals that are released into the bloodstream during digestion contribute to our feeling of satety?
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Hunger and Drinking
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations of hunger and drinking, and name and describe the main disorders associated with eating.
Difficulty: Hard
54. What is the chemical produced when fat cells increase in size, influencing our feeling of satiety?
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Hunger and Drinking
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations of hunger and drinking, and name and describe the main disorders associated with eating.
Difficulty: Medium
55. What hormone is produced by the stomach when we need food?
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Hunger and Drinking
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations of hunger and drinking, and name and describe the main disorders associated with eating.
Difficulty: Medium
Essay
56. Describe how leptin acts as a chemical signal to “tell” the brain to stop eating.
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Hunger and Drinking
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations of hunger and drinking, and name and describe the main disorders associated with eating.
Difficulty: Hard
Fill-in-the-blank
57. When our body requires food, the stomach releases __________. This hormone is detected by the __________ hypothalamus and when the threshold level is reached we feel hunger.
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Hunger and Drinking
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations of hunger and drinking, and name and describe the main disorders associated with eating.
Difficulty: Medium
True/False
58. The ventromedial region of the hypothalamus plays a role in satiation.
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Hunger and Drinking
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations of hunger and drinking, and name and describe the main disorders associated with eating.
Difficulty: Medium
Multiple choice
59. Which area of the brain is associated with under eating when it is damaged?
a) Ventromedial hypothalamus
b) Amygdala
c) Insular cortex
d) Lateral hypothalamus
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Hunger and Drinking
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations of hunger and drinking, and name and describe the main disorders associated with eating.
Difficulty: Hard
60. Which is the best definition of body mass indexes (BMI) that are categorised as obese?
a) 22 and above
b) 25 and above
c) 27 and above
d) 30 and above
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Hunger and Drinking
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations of hunger and drinking, and name and describe the main disorders associated with eating.
Difficulty: Medium
Fill-in-the-blank
61. Current estimates indicate that nearly __________ of European children are overweight.
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Hunger and Drinking
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations of hunger and drinking, and name and describe the main disorders associated with eating.
Difficulty: Medium
Multiple choice
62. Rufus had his body mass index (BMI) measured and it was determined that he was obese. Which of the numbers below are consistent with this diagnosis?
a) 10 and below
b) 15-20
c) 25-30
d) 30 or higher
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Hunger and Drinking
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations of hunger and drinking, and name and describe the main disorders associated with eating.
Difficulty: Medium
63. What body mass index (BMI) score is categorized as overweight?
a) 10 and below
b) 15-20
c) 25-30
d) 30 or higher
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Hunger and Drinking
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations of hunger and drinking, and name and describe the main disorders associated with eating.
Difficulty: Medium
64. According to your textbook what are the presumable causes for obesity in modern societies?
a) Highly calorific foods
b) Sedentary lifestyle
c) Large food portions
d) All of the above
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Hunger and Drinking
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations of hunger and drinking, and name and describe the main disorders associated with eating.
Difficulty: Medium
65. Around 40-70% of the variation in our weight is determined by:
a) the environment
b) our diet
c) genetic inheritance
d) mental health conditions
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Hunger and Drinking
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations of hunger and drinking, and name and describe the main disorders associated with eating.
Difficulty: Medium
66. Simone, aged 17, often eats large quantities of food then makes herself vomit. What type of eating disorder might she have?
a) Bulimia nervosa
b) Anorexia nervosa
c) Obesity
d) Corpus externality syndrome
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Hunger and Drinking
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations of hunger and drinking, and name and describe the main disorders associated with eating.
Difficulty: Medium
67. What is the current estimate of people with an eating disorder in the UK?
a) 500,000
b) 1 million
c) 1.6 million
d) 2 million
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Hunger and Drinking
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations of hunger and drinking, and name and describe the main disorders associated with eating.
Difficulty: Medium
68. Which of the following unwanted medical and psychological problems are NOT associated with bulimia?
a) Parotid glands
b) Amenorrhoea
c) Tooth decay
d) Irregular menstrual cycle
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Hunger and Drinking
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations of hunger and drinking, and name and describe the main disorders associated with eating.
Difficulty: Hard
69. ______ are effective drug treatments for bulimia.
a) Methamphetamines
b) Opiates
c) Antidepressants
d) Hallucinogens
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Hunger and Drinking
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations of hunger and drinking, and name and describe the main disorders associated with eating.
Difficulty: Medium
70. What cycle defines bulimia?
a) The menstrual cycle
b) The sleep-wake cycle
c) Bingeing and purging
d) None of the above
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Hunger and Drinking
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations of hunger and drinking, and name and describe the main disorders associated with eating.
Difficulty: Medium
71. Mai, age 15, experienced obsessive thoughts about being overweight despite the fact that she ingested fewer than 500 calories per day. What eating disorder are her thoughts indicative of?
a) Bulimia nervosa
b) Anorexia nervosa
c) Obesity
d) Malnutrition
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Hunger and Drinking
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations of hunger and drinking, and name and describe the main disorders associated with eating.
Difficulty: Easy
72. People with anorexia have a(n) __________ body image.
a) good
b) distorted
c) coherent
d) fair
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Hunger and Drinking
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations of hunger and drinking, and name and describe the main disorders associated with eating.
Difficulty: Easy
73. According to the DSM-IV TR, in anorexia the body weight is less than ___________ of that expected.
a) 20%
b) 45%
c) 75%
d) 85%
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Hunger and Drinking
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations of hunger and drinking, and name and describe the main disorders associated with eating.
Difficulty: Hard
Essay
74. List the health problems associated with anorexia according to Davey (2014).
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Hunger and Drinking
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations of hunger and drinking, and name and describe the main disorders associated with eating.
Difficulty: Hard
Short answer
75. What are the two types of thirst that we experience?
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Hunger and Drinking
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations of hunger and drinking, and name and describe the main disorders associated with eating.
Difficulty: Medium
76. Which body fluid is high in potassium and low in sodium?
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Hunger and Drinking
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations of hunger and drinking, and name and describe the main disorders associated with eating.
Difficulty: Hard
True/False
77. The extracellular fluid is composed by interstitial fluid and plasma.
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Hunger and Drinking
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations of hunger and drinking, and name and describe the main disorders associated with eating.
Difficulty: Easy
78. Osmotic thirst results from loss of fluids containing both water and solutes (e.g. intense sweating).
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Hunger and Drinking
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations of hunger and drinking, and name and describe the main disorders associated with eating.
Difficulty: Medium
Fill-in-the-blank
79. The hormone __________ stimulates the release of vasopressin and it enables the body to retain water and to increase blood pressure.
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Hunger and Drinking
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations of hunger and drinking, and name and describe the main disorders associated with eating.
Difficulty: Medium
80. The __________ is a condition characterised by extreme thirst which leads to drink large quantities of fluids.
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Hunger and Drinking
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations of hunger and drinking, and name and describe the main disorders associated with eating.
Difficulty: Hard
True/False
81. Asexual reproduction is more costly in evolutionary terms compared to sexual reproduction.
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
Essay
82. Name the costs of sexual reproduction compared to asexual reproduction.
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Hard
Essay
83. In what way the environment we live in influences our sexual motivation and decision making?
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
True/False
84. In all known cultures, sex with 9-year-old children is considered unacceptable.
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
Multiple choice
85. In the United Kingdom the age for sexual consent is:
a) 14
b) 15
c) 16
d) 18
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
86. In which of the following countries male homosexuality is illegal?
a) Japan
b) Indonesia
c) Burkina Faso
d) Zimbabwe
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
87. Which of the following is not a phase of the sexual response cycle?
a) Withdrawal
b) Orgasm
c) Resolution
d) Plateau
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
88. During the __________ the cardiovascular system is working at its highest level.
a) excitement
b) plateau
c) orgasm
d) resolution
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
Essay
89. Identify and describe the 4 phases of human sexual response as defined by Masters and Johnson (1966).
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
Short answer
90. What are the 4 phases of the sexual response cycle identified by Masters and Johnson in 1966?
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
91. During which phase of the sexual response cycle does the body return to its normal functioning?
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
Fill-in-the-blank
92. During the __________ the heart rate starts to increase and it continues to increase during the __________. The peak is reached with the __________, with the cardiovascular system being at its maximum level and the muscles starting to contract and spasm.
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
93. During the __________, __________ may still be able to orgasm, while __________ experience a refractory period in which they are unable to reach another orgasm.
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
Essay
94. What are the main critics to Masters and Johnson’s (1966) sexual response theory?
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Hard
Multiple Choice
95. Which reproductive hormones are produced by the ovaries in females?
a) Oestrogen and progesterone
b) Progesterone and testosterone
c) Testosterone and progesterone
d) Oestrogen and testosterone
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
96. Who collected the first physiological data from humans during sexual intercourse?
a) Berman
b) Kinsey
c) Smith and Wesson
d) Masters and Johnson
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Hard
True/False
97. Testosterone is only associated with the male sex drive.
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
Fill-in-the-blank
98. On average, sex drive in males declines with age as testosterone levels __________.
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
99. The hormone __________ causes women to grow sexual features such as breast, and it has been found to improve mood and memory. On the other hand, __________ is involved in menstrual cycle and it prepares the body for pregnancy. While __________ increases female sexual motivation, __________ may decrease it.
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
Short answer
100. Name 4 hormones that play a role in sexual motivation.
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
101. Which hormone is associated with the feeling of love and attachment towards a partner?
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
Multiple choice
102. Testosterone affects the sexual drive of:
a) Men only
b) Women only
c) Both men and women
d) Men and only a few women
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
103. Which of the following sexual hormones is involved in prosocial behaviour?
a) Testosterone
b) Oestrogen
c) Progesterone
d) Oxytocin
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
104. Oxytocin level are higher in:
a) heterosexual couples
b) homosexual couples
c) new lovers
d) single individuals
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
105. Which of the following hormones does not affect sexual behaviour?
a) Leptin
b) Testosterone
c) Oestrogen
d) Oxytocin
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Easy
106. In women, the total level of __________ positively correlates with the frequency of sexual intercourse.
a) ghrelin
b) testosterone
c) progesterone
d) leptin
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
107. Which of the following brain areas is not associated with sexual arousal?
a) The superior temporal sulcus
b) The amygdala
c) The insular cortex
d) The ventral striatum
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Hard
108. The __________ is active during sexual intercourse and it is involved in processing rewards.
a) amygdala
b) insular cortex
c) prefrontal cortex
d) ventral striatum
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Hard
109. Overall, females seem to be more attracted than males to:
a) sexual desirability
b) socioeconomic status
c) visual cues
d) body shape
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
110. Male fantasies have been found to be more focused on:
a) emotional elements
b) psychological elements
c) visual elements
d) social elements
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
111. Sexual dysfunctions are:
a) extremely rare
b) rare
c) common
d) very common
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Easy
Short answer
112. What are the most common sexual dysfunctions among men in England?
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
113. What are the most common sexual dysfunctions among women in England?
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
True/False
114. The factors that contribute to sexual dysfunctions in men are exclusively physiological.
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Easy
115. Mental health problem such as depression and anxiety can contribute to the occurrence of sexual dysfunctions.
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Easy
Multiple choice
116. Which of the following sexual dysfunctions can be treated with Viagra?
a) Vaginal dryness
b) Lack of libido
c) Male impotence
d) Premature ejaculation
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
117. Androgen replacement therapy is used for:
a) male impotence
b) increasing sexual desire in women
c) reducing anxiety symptoms associated to sexual performance anxiety
d) facilitating the occurrence of orgasms in women
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
118. Which of the following is not a common sexually transmitted disease (STD)?
a) HIV
b) Gonorrhoea
c) Chlamydia
d) Influenza
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Easy
Fill-in-the-blank
119.
__________ are disorders in which people have repeated and intense sexual urges or fantasies or display sexual behaviours in response to objects or situations that society considers inappropriate.
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
120. Chlamydia and gonorrhoea are common __________.
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
Short Answer
121. Name the 4 most common sexually transmitted infections in the UK.
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
122. In what does HIV develop into if not treated adequately?
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
Multiple choice
123. Jason became angry and punched Phil. This inability to inhibit his first thoughts of aggression is related to_________.
a) glucose levels
b) brain damage
c) lack of food
d) impulse control
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
124. Which of the following brain areas has been associated to aggression in both humans and animals?
a) Amygdala
b) Insular cortex
c) Fusiform gyrus
d) Ventral striatum
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
125. Which of the following is not a biological cause of aggression?
a) hormones
b) neural mechanisms
c) impulse control
d) neurotransmitters
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Easy
126. Which of the following neurotransmitters is not associated to aggression?
a) Acetylcholine
b) GABA
c) Serotonin
d) Dopamine
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
127. Which of the following types of aggression occurs rapidly, without thought, and produces a very violent response?
a) Biological aggression
b) Active aggression
c) Impulsive aggression
d) Affective aggression
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
128. Which of the following is not a situational variable in the general affective aggression model?
a) Fighting skills
b) Cognitive cues
c) Pain
d) Drugs
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Hard
129. John was frustrated that the far right political party he supports did not get enough votes on the last general elections. One night he started a violent fight while he was under the effects of cocaine, after seeing a group of people celebrating the victory of the left party. In this story, which of the following is not a situational variable that elicited John’s aggressive response?
a) Frustration
b) John’s political orientation
c) Cocaine
d) People celebrating the victory of the left party
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Hard
130. People with low __________ are more likely to be involved in crime.
a) self-esteem
b) income
c) level of acetylcholine
d) impulse control
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
131. Which of the following is not associated with low impulse control?
a) Crime
b) Rapid thought processing
c) Self-regulation
d) Aggression
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
Short answer
132. Name 3 strategies that can be used to reduce aggressive behaviour.
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
True/False
133. Forgiveness is more likely to be granted if apologies are rich in verbal content.
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Easy
Fill-in-the-blank
134. ___________ is a technique which requires individuals to pay attention in the present moment and non-judgmentally.
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
135. Three are the strategies that can be used to reduce aggression according to Baron and Byrne (1997): __________, __________, and __________.
Section Ref: The Biological Bases of Primary Motivations: Sex and Aggression
Learning Objective: Explain the biological processes that underlie the motivations for sex and aggression and some of the outcomes and consequences of these motivations.
Difficulty: Medium
136. There are two types of motivations: __________ and __________.
Section Ref: Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Motivation
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
Difficulty: Easy
Multiple choice
137. Which of the following incentives is intrinsically motivating?
a) Feelings of self-worth
b) Public recognition
c) Monetary compensation
d) Food and water
Section Ref: Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Motivation
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
138. What term is used to describe the satisfaction derived from simply engaging in a behaviour?
a) Intrinsic motivation
b) Extrinsic motivation
c) An incentive
d) A goal
Section Ref: Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Motivation
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
Fill-in-the-blank
139. Engaging in a behaviour that is satisfying in and of itself is __________ motivating.
Section Ref: Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Motivation
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
140. People who are __________ motivated may attribute their success to the reward and not their own abilities.
Section Ref: Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Motivation
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
Short answer
141. Name an external motivation to graduation from college.
Section Ref: Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Motivation
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
Difficulty: Easy
142. In Locke and Latham goal-setting theory, what variables affect whether or not a goal is achieved?
Section Ref: Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Motivation
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
Multiple choice
143. According to the goal-setting theory, __________ is essential for individuals to adjust the level or direction of their efforts to reach a goal.
a) commitment
b) feedback
c) task complexity
d) gratification
Section Ref: Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Motivation
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
144. Which of the following is not a variable that affects the achievement of a goal according to Locke and Latham?
a) Punishment
b) Commitment
c) Feedback
d) Task complexity
Section Ref: Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Motivation
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
145. A right balance of __________ allows to stay motivated when trying to reach a goal.
a) commitment
b) feedback
c) task complexity
d) gratification
Section Ref: Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Motivation
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
146. What theory states that competence, relatedness, and autonomy are instinctive and give meaning to life?
a) Goal-setting
b) Emotional intelligence
c) Affiliation
d) Self-determination
Section Ref: Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Motivation
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
Fill-in-the-blank
147. The theory of __________ states that competence, relatedness, and autonomy are instinctive.
Section Ref: Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Motivation
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
148. In the theory of self-determination, __________ refers to the need to be effective in dealing with the environment; __________ refers to the need to have close and fulfilling social relationships; and __________ refers to the need to control the course of our own life.
Section Ref: Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Motivation
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
True/False
149. Collectivist cultures focus more on the importance of relatedness than autonomy.
Section Ref: Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Motivation
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
Short answer
150. What type of motivation do competence, autonomy and relatedness associate with?
Section Ref: Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Motivation
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
Essay
151. How does intrinsic motivation “fit” into the theory of self-determination?
Section Ref: Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Motivation
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
Difficulty: Hard
Multiple choice
152. Who proposed the theory of self-determination?
a) Locke and Latham
b) Magen and Gross
c) Weinstein and Ryan
d) Deci and Ryan
Section Ref: Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Motivation
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
153. Shilts, Horowitz, and Townsend (2004) found that __________ has a positive influence on diet and exercise.
a) self-determination
b) goal-setting
c) autonomy
d) relatedness
Section Ref: Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Motivation
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
154. Which of the following is not an intrinsic motivation?
a) Curiosity
b) Passion
c) Social status
d) Desire
Section Ref: Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Motivation
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
Difficulty: Easy
155. Which of the following is not an extrinsic motivation?
a) Social status
b) Money
c) A promotion
d) Curiosity
Section Ref: Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Motivation
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
Difficulty: Easy
156. Which of the following is a psychological need?
a) Water
b) Affiliation
c) Food
d) Sex
Section Ref: Affiliation and Achievement Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the roles of affiliation and achievement in influencing motivation.
Difficulty: Easy
157. What psychological need is associated with belonging?
a) Self-worth
b) Affiliation
c) Food
d) Achievement
Section Ref: Affiliation and Achievement Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the roles of affiliation and achievement in influencing motivation.
Difficulty: Easy
158. Which of the following is a social group?
a) Family
b) Workplace
c) Club
d) All of the above
Section Ref: Affiliation and Achievement Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the roles of affiliation and achievement in influencing motivation.
Difficulty: Easy
159. According to Thoits (2011) people with poor social bonds experience:
a) poorer physical health
b) poorer emotional health
c) poorer careers
d) poorer physical and emotional health
Section Ref: Affiliation and Achievement Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the roles of affiliation and achievement in influencing motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
160. According to Thoits (2011), __________ benefit(s) both our emotional and physical health.
a) social status
b) social background
c) social support
d) social skills
Section Ref: Affiliation and Achievement Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the roles of affiliation and achievement in influencing motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
161. Which philosopher famously said: “man is by nature a social animal”?
a) Pluto
b) Socrates
c) Descartes
d) Aristotle
Section Ref: Affiliation and Achievement Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the roles of affiliation and achievement in influencing motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
162. Which of the following statements about isolation and exclusion is INACCURATE?
a) Exclusion can only be felt in real world situations.
b) Isolation can lead to physical pain.
c) People that feel excluded can behave aggressively.
d) Isolation can affect people’s cognitive abilities.
Section Ref: Affiliation and Achievement Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the roles of affiliation and achievement in influencing motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
163. Greg feels rejected by his peers. Which of the following scenarios is the most likely?
a) Greg does not mind as social interactions are not that important.
b) Greg will feel more prosocial.
c) Greg will show antisocial behaviours.
d) Greg will have increased abilities to control his own impulses.
Section Ref: Affiliation and Achievement Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the roles of affiliation and achievement in influencing motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
164. Why is it important to be part of a social group?
a) For money
b) For a need of leadership
c) For stress reduction
d) For an evolutionary advantage
Section Ref: Affiliation and Achievement Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the roles of affiliation and achievement in influencing motivation.
Difficulty: Hard
165. Relationships with friends and significant others help to raise:
a) self-esteem.
b) social status.
c) food.
d) achievement.
Section Ref: Affiliation and Achievement Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the roles of affiliation and achievement in influencing motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
166. Some brain areas involved in the feeling of exclusion also respond to:
a) overeating
b) sexual arousal
c) physical pain
d) achievement
Section Ref: Affiliation and Achievement Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the roles of affiliation and achievement in influencing motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
167. Our motivation to belong may explain which of the following behaviours?
a) Abusing a significant other
b) Writing a novel
c) Obtaining food
d) Joining a gang
Section Ref: Affiliation and Achievement Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the roles of affiliation and achievement in influencing motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
Fill-in-the-blank
168. Being part of a __________ group, whether it is with family or friends, allows us to feel secure about our place in the world.
Section Ref: Affiliation and Achievement Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the roles of affiliation and achievement in influencing motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
169. The fear of social __________ is a powerful motivator that may explain why people remain in abusive relationships and join gangs.
Section Ref: Affiliation and Achievement Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the roles of affiliation and achievement in influencing motivation.
Difficulty: Hard
Essay
170. Discuss the psychological effects of social isolation.
Section Ref: Affiliation and Achievement Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the roles of affiliation and achievement in influencing motivation.
Difficulty: Hard
Short answer
171. Name at least 4 of the seven mechanisms by which social support may benefit our physical and mental health.
Section Ref: Affiliation and Achievement Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the roles of affiliation and achievement in influencing motivation.
Difficulty: Hard
Multiple choice
172. What is the difference between the psychological need for affiliation and the need for achievement?
a) Brain size influences the need for affiliation, but not achievement.
b) Achievement is defined in the same way across different societies, but affiliation is not.
c) Affiliation is a basic psychological need, but achievement is not.
d) Affiliation is less important than achievement.
Section Ref: Affiliation and Achievement Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the roles of affiliation and achievement in influencing motivation.
Difficulty: Hard
173. Which of the following cultures is more likely to see social goals as motivating?
a) North American
b) European
c) Chinese
d) Australian
Section Ref: Affiliation and Achievement Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the roles of affiliation and achievement in influencing motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
174. Susan was very hungry but she knew that she could not stop studying to eat because her final exam was in 20 minutes and she could eat after the test. This example illustrates what phenomenon?
a) Self-worth
b) Affiliation
c) Delayed gratification
d) Achievement
Section Ref: Affiliation and Achievement Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the roles of affiliation and achievement in influencing motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
175. What factor is related to the ability to delay gratification?
a) Predestination
b) Affiliation
c) Achievement
d) Impulse control
Section Ref: Affiliation and Achievement Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the roles of affiliation and achievement in influencing motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
Short answer
176. What ability that is critical to achievement tends to develop over time as a child ages?
Section Ref: Affiliation and Achievement Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the roles of affiliation and achievement in influencing motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
Fill-in-the-blank
177. Four-year-old children with greater __________ skills will have better __________, __________, and __________ skills as adolescents.
Section Ref: Affiliation and Achievement Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the roles of affiliation and achievement in influencing motivation.
Difficulty: Hard
178. Overcoming our short-term urges in order to achieve long-term goals is a skill known as __________.
Section Ref: Affiliation and Achievement Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the roles of affiliation and achievement in influencing motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
True/False
179. Children with greater delayed gratification skills are more likely to have higher BMIs when they are adults.
Section Ref: Affiliation and Achievement Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the roles of affiliation and achievement in influencing motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
180. Delayed gratification is fully developed in children as young as 2-year old.
Section Ref: Affiliation and Achievement Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the roles of affiliation and achievement in influencing motivation.
Difficulty: Easy
Multiple choice
181. What motivates someone from a collectivist society to achieve?
a) Self-worth
b) To make their group or organisation proud
c) Food
d) Money
Section Ref: Affiliation and Achievement Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the roles of affiliation and achievement in influencing motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
182. When Meng-Tzu was offered a financial fortune to “throw the game” during the Olympics, she refused due to her unwillingness to let the team down and her lack of desire to garner individual wealth. It is likely that she comes from what type of culture?
a) Collectivist
b) Individualistic
c) Analytical
d) Identity oriented
Section Ref: Affiliation and Achievement Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the roles of affiliation and achievement in influencing motivation.
Difficulty: Easy
Short answer
183. What type of cultures do not consider autonomy an essential element of the self-determination theory?
Section Ref: Affiliation and Achievement Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the roles of affiliation and achievement in influencing motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
184. Provide an example of an individualistic culture and a collectivist culture.
Section Ref: Affiliation and Achievement Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the roles of affiliation and achievement in influencing motivation.
Difficulty: Medium
185. In what type of culture are individuals more likely to place greater emphasis on individual achievements?
Section Ref: Affiliation and Achievement Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the roles of affiliation and achievement in influencing motivation.
Difficulty: Easy
Multiple choice
186. What phenomenon refers to the fact that when people are extrinsically motivated to complete a task they become less intrinsically motivated?
a) Adaptation law
b) Individualistic effect
c) Competency bias
d) Over-justification effect
Section Ref: Applications of Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the ways in which theories of motivation can be used in everyday situations.
Difficulty: Medium
187. What does affect the over-justification effect?
a) Competency
b) Autonomy
c) Self-regulation
d) Leadership
Section Ref: Applications of Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the ways in which theories of motivation can be used in everyday situations.
Difficulty: Medium
188. In what age group does the over-justification effect occur?
a) Children
b) Adolescents
c) Adults
d) All of the above
Section Ref: Applications of Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the ways in which theories of motivation can be used in everyday situations.
Difficulty: Medium
True/False
189. When people receive a reward because they performed well, they become more intrinsically motivated.
Section Ref: Applications of Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the ways in which theories of motivation can be used in everyday situations.
Difficulty: Medium
190. The over-justification effect does not occur in children.
Section Ref: Applications of Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the ways in which theories of motivation can be used in everyday situations.
Difficulty: Medium
Short answers
191. According to your textbook what are the two elements that affect the over-justification effect?
Section Ref: Applications of Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the ways in which theories of motivation can be used in everyday situations.
Difficulty: Medium
192. What are the 4 elements that characterise a transformational leader?
Section Ref: Applications of Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the ways in which theories of motivation can be used in everyday situations.
Difficulty: Medium
Fill-in-the-blank
193. __________ leaders try to encourage their teams boosting their motivation and spirit.
Section Ref: Applications of Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the ways in which theories of motivation can be used in everyday situations.
Difficulty: Easy
Essay
194. Describe how a transformational leader can increase the intrinsic motivation felt by his/her team.
Section Ref: Applications of Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the ways in which theories of motivation can be used in everyday situations.
Difficulty: Hard
Multiple choice
195. Which of the following statements about a transformational leader is INACCURATE?
a) A transformational leader knows each member of the team.
b) A transformational leader is charismatic.
c) A transformational leader uses punishments as much as rewards.
d) A transformational leader sets positive goals.
Section Ref: Applications of Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the ways in which theories of motivation can be used in everyday situations.
Difficulty: Medium
196. A transformational leader increases:
a) extrinsic motivation
b) intrinsic motivation
c) punishment
d) team members’ self-esteem
Section Ref: Applications of Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the ways in which theories of motivation can be used in everyday situations.
Difficulty: Medium
197. __________ is a skill necessary for reliable emotional well-being.
a) Self-assessment
b) Self-determination
c) Self-actualization
d) Self-regulation
Section Ref: Applications of Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the ways in which theories of motivation can be used in everyday situations.
Difficulty: Hard
Short answer
198. According to your textbook, what are the 4 ideas proposed to help self-regulating our spending?
Section Ref: Applications of Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the ways in which theories of motivation can be used in everyday situations.
Difficulty: Medium
199. Which skill, if low, may lead to unplanned spending according to Baumeister (2002)?
Section Ref: Applications of Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the ways in which theories of motivation can be used in everyday situations.
Difficulty: Hard
True/False
200. Money-related stress can cause physical and psychological distress.
Section Ref: Applications of Theories of Motivation
Learning Objective: Describe the ways in which theories of motivation can be used in everyday situations.
Difficulty: Easy