Chapter 10: Work

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. One’s career identity tends to relate to ______ and one’s significance of work relates to ______.

A. personal meaning; self-esteem

B. self-efficacy; personal meaning

C. accomplishment; personal meaning

D. self-efficacy; self-esteem

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Analyzing Work in Adulthood

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. What is the term for one’s internalized motivations that result in work accomplishments?

A. intrinsic motivation

B. career identification

C. significance of work

D. skill obsolescence

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Analyzing Work in Adulthood

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. An observation that supports the efforts of career work–life extension include ______.

A. older workers do not have career-viable attributes

B. job performance is not significantly impacted by aging-related cognitive changes

C. older workers show a decline in productivity

D. aging involves a decline in performance

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Analyzing Work in Adulthood

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Research has suggested that ______.

A. knowing an older worker’s subjective perception of his or her health is more important than knowing his or her age

B. knowing an older worker’s chronological age is most useful to determine his or her work engagement

C. occupational well-being is dependent on how often employers conduct assessments of intrinsic motivation

D. aging-related fit factors are not important in determining how to support older workers

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Analyzing Work in Adulthood

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Traditional retirement age is considered to be ______ years.

A. 60–65

B. 65–67

C. 66–68

D. 68–72

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Current Workforce Trends in the United States and Other Industrialized Nations

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. What is the theory that suggests cognitive and physical competence is maintained by being physically and mentally active on the job?

A. activity

B. mentalistic

C. interactional

D. engagment

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Factors to Consider

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Because of ______, older adults are having to shift their decision of when to retire.

A. job availability

B. changes in the stock market

C. shifts in family structure

D. longevity

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Current Workforce Trends in the United States and Other Industrialized Nations

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Which of the following is not necessarily a driving factor in why older adults may choose to continue working past retirement age?

A. eldercare responsibilities

B. need to support a materialistic lifestyle

C. support of younger generations

D. need for healthcare

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Factors to Consider

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Someone who decides to delay retirement may do so because they ______.

A. planned well for retirement

B. have many roles to fulfill outside of work

C. have significant health conditions that impair their work abilities

D. are hobby poor

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Factors to Consider

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. ______ is the study of older workers’ issues.

A. Industrial gerontology

B. Organizational psychology

C. Geriatric psychology

D. Generational gerontology

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Industrial Gerontology

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Tatiana works as a mid-level health provider. She is in middle adulthood and decides to switch to another organization of a similar type, hours, and pay. This is an example of a ______ transition.

A. neutral

B. vertical

C. horizontal

D. positive

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Career Trajectories and Transitions Affecting Aging

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Older adults have ______ job satisfaction and ______ organizational commitment.

A. no change in; greater

B. less; greater

C. greater; less

D. less; less

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Situational, Cultural, and Cohort Factors Influencing Workforce Participation

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. As people age, they ______.

A. show significant cognitive decline that results in job termination

B. have increased speed of performance

C. show improvement in activities of daily living

D. are more likely to experience work disability

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Job Performance and Experience

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. Adam has a history of calling into work on Fridays, because he really likes his long weekends. This is a representative of ______.

A. illegal use of time off

B. unavoidable absenteeism

C. avoidable absenteeism

D. career customization

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Job Performance and Experience

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. Donna is a female minority working in a fortune 500 company. During her time there she has experienced discrimination on several occasions. This highlights the difficulty that women might experience, termed ______.

A. multiple-role strain

B. role overload

C. double jeopardy

D. identity tensions

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Work-Related Stressors and Adaptation Efforts

Difficulty Level: Hard

16. Professional competence should be ______.

A. a developmental process

B. a reactive response

C. limited to the initial portion of a job

D. a response to loss of competency

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Skill Updating to Avoid Obsolescence and Job Loss

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. Situations in which older adults become unemployed and then have difficulty reentering the workforce is referred to as ______.

A. discouraged older worker syndrome

B. emotionally unemployable

C. discriminatory behavior

D. professional liability

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Discouraged Older Worker Syndrome and Resilience

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. The Age Discrimination and Employment Act requires that companies ______.

A. allow age to be included as an employment criterion

B. no longer use mandatory retirement practices

C. remove all subtle forms of ageism in their practices

D. are fiscally responsible for having certain portion of older adults on staff

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Ageism, Age Discrimination, and Older Workers’ Rights and Responsibilities

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. The ADEA does allow for companies to establish a bonafide occupational qualification. This means ______.

A. companies cannot establish that age is related to job duties

B. all ageism must be removed from business practice

C. companies can provide rationale that age relates to the job duties

D. age cannot be used as employment criteria

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Ageism, Age Discrimination, and Older Workers’ Rights and Responsibilities

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. Ways to reduce or eliminate age discrimination in the workplace include all of the following EXCEPT ______.

A. education regarding capabilities of older adults

B. adults mentoring younger employees

C. separation of older and younger adults into divided workspaces

D. training programs to maintain older adults’ competencies

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Ageism, Age Discrimination, and Older Workers’ Rights and Responsibilities

Difficulty Level: Hard

True/False

1. The responsibility of staying up-to-date on one’s skill set lies with both the employer and the individual.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Remaining Updated

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Long-term succession planning allows adults to remain in the workplace after retirement age.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Remaining Updated

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Vertical career transition results in an increase in the level of responsibility of the employee.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Career Trajectories and Transitions Affecting Aging

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Feeling productive at work is unrelated to older adults’ feelings of general life satisfaction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Career Trajectories and Transitions Affecting Aging

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. To keep older adults engaged in the workplace it is important to satisfy job preferences, organizational values, and understand their work needs.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Job Performance and Experience

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Younger and older workers may experience identity tensions over shared resources.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Work-Related Stressors and Adaptation Efforts

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. People respond differently to job loss based on their background characteristics.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Skill Updating to Avoid Obsolescence and Job Loss

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. As adults reenter the workforce, they typically have higher incomes.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Discouraged Older Worker Syndrome and Resilience

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Even though there was ADEA legislation, many older workers still face age discrimination.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Ageism, Age Discrimination, and Older Workers’ Rights and Responsibilities

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. As people age, they experience less job satisfaction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Situational, Cultural, and Cohort Factors Influencing Workforce Participation

Difficulty Level: Easy

Short Answer

1. What are two benefits of retaining an aging workforce past traditional retirement age?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. What is the difference between a vertical and horizontal career transition?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Career Trajectories and Transitions Affecting Aging

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. What is the sandwich generation?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Factors to Consider

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. What are two things that displaced older jobseekers might experience?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Discouraged Older Worker Syndrome and Resilience

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. What are some common reactions to job loss?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Skill Updating to Avoid Obsolescence and Job Loss

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. Compare and contrast white-collar and blue-collar workers and how this might impact the workplace and retirement.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Factors to Consider

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. What factors might a researcher examine when trying to determine the person-environment fit of older working adults?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Analyzing Work in Adulthood

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. What are some of the ageist stereotypes that exist? Describe the Age Discrimination in Employment Act and how it protects older adults.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Emotional Intelligence and Self-Control

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. How might someone remain active in the workforce if he or she wanted to delay retirement? What sorts of things could be done to plan to work past traditional age?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Remaining Updated

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Explain some of the intergenerational tensions in the workplace, as described by North and Fiske (2015).

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Work-Related Stressors and Adaptation Efforts

Difficulty Level: Medium