Test Bank Answers Information Processing Ch.8 Santrock

Student name:__________

1) Maria scored relatively low on IQ tests in middle school, but she applied herself in high school and college with hard work and interactions with great professors, resulting in higher IQ scores in her early twenties. Which of the following theories of intelligence would best explain this trajectory?

A) an entity theory of intelligence
B) an incremental theory of intelligence
C) the triarchic theory of intelligence
D) the concept of emotional intelligence

2) The ability to solve problems and to adapt and learn from new experiences is referred to as

A) information.
B) intelligence.
C) internalization.
D) itemization.

3) Which of the following questions has generated controversies about intelligence?

A) Is intelligence more strongly influenced by heredity or by environment?
B) Is there cultural bias in intelligence testing?
C) Are intelligence tests misused?
D) All answer choices are correct.

4) Intelligence can only be evaluated indirectly, by

A) studying the intelligence acts that people perform.
B) comparing the intelligence acts that people perform.
C) both studying and comparing the intelligence acts that people perform.
D) None of the answer choices are correct.

5) The stable and consistent ways that people are different from one another describes

A) Gardner’s theory.
B) individual differences.
C) Binet’s testing.
D) cognitive challenges.

6) ________ are the stable, consistent ways in which people are different from each other.

A) Verbal abilities
B) Spatial abilities
C) Individual differences
D) Problem-solving abilities

7) Which is NOT part of the text’s definition of intelligence?

A) learning from experiences
B) adaptability
C) problem-solving skills
D) spatial representation

8) Which represents one of the major reasons that intelligence is a difficult concept to define?

A) It is too concrete.
B) It does not appear to have any real importance.
C) It can only be measured by indirect means.
D) There is uncertainty over whether it is inherited or learned.

9) The first intelligence test was developed by

A) Therman.
B) Stanford.
C) Wechsler.
D) Simon and Binet.

10) What was Binet and Simon’s 1905 intelligence scale originally designed to identify?

A) a person’s intelligence quotient
B) whether thinking skills are inherited or learned
C) potential careers for graduating high-school seniors
D) children who might have problems in school

11) As conceptualized by Binet, an individual’s level of mental development relative to others is called the

A) mental age.
B) chronological age.
C) developmental level.
D) intelligence quotient.

12) What is the formula for the intelligence quotient?

A) IQ = MA/CA× 100
B) IQ = CA/MA × 100
C) IQ = MA/CA÷ 100
D) IQ = CA/MA ÷ 100

13) What is the IQ of an 8-year-old with a mental age of 10?

A) 9
B) 80
C) 100
D) 125

14) Bill is 6 years old and has a mental age of 8. What is his IQ?

A) 6
B) 80
C) 100
D) 133

15) What did William Stern devise?

A) 1912 scale
B) developmental quotient
C) intelligence quotient
D) infant intelligence test

16) If Jaedyn’s mental age and her chronological age are the same, what is her IQ?

A) 50
B) 75
C) 100
D) 120

17) Who originally devised the concept of intelligence quotient?

A) Alfred Binet
B) Sir Francis Galton
C) David Wechsler
D) William Stern

18) Seven-year-old Cody is found to have a mental age of 14. What is his IQ?

A) 70
B) 100
C) 140
D) 200

19) If 6-year-old Mary correctly answers all the questions on a standardized intelligence test that a typical 8-year-old could answer, she would have a(n) ________ of 8.

A) IQ
B) mental age
C) chronological age
D) normal distribution

20) If 11-year-old William’s mental age is also 11, then

A) his IQ would be 100.
B) he would be considered bright.
C) his IQ would be 121.
D) he would be considered dull.

21) When applied to a large number of people with different ages and backgrounds, intelligence measured by the Stanford-Binet test approximates a ________ distribution.

A) mental
B) chronological
C) normal
D) skewed

22) Anthony has an IQ of 89 and Joseph has an IQ of 112. If these scores are from the Stanford-Binet test, then

A) Joseph is older than Anthony.
B) Joseph is considered gifted and Anthony is considered dull.
C) Anthony and Joseph both fall in the middle range.
D) Joseph is considered 23 percent more intelligent than Anthony.

23) The current Stanford-Binet is given to individuals in what age range?

A) 3 through adolescence
B) 6 through adolescence
C) 2 through adulthood
D) 6 through adulthood

24) If you were informed that the most appropriate test assessing Kim’s intelligence was the WAIS-IV, you would most accurately conclude that Kim was a(n)

A) preschooler.
B) second-grader.
C) eighth-grader.
D) adult.

25) What do the subtest and composite scores of the Wechsler scales allow the examiner to do?

A) determine the achievement level of the individual
B) determine the IQ score of the individual
C) determine the areas in which the individual is strong or weak
D) determine the happiness of the individual

26) The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence is used to test children in what age range?

A) 2 years to 6 years 5 months
B) 3 years 6 months to 5 years 6 months
C) 1 year to 6 years 6 months
D) 2 years 6 months to 7 years 3 months

27) The Wechsler scales consist of

A) verbal subtests only.
B) nonverbal subtests only.
C) a total IQ score only.
D) both verbal and nonverbal subtests, as well as an overall IQ score.

28) As a school psychologist, you are asked to assess the intellectual abilities of 4-year-old Edad. Which exam would be the most appropriate for him?

A) WAIS-IV
B) WPPSI-IV
C) WISC-V
D) APGAR

29) Despite the links between IQ and academic achievement and occupational success, it is important to keep in mind that many other factors contribute to success in school and work. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in your text as a factor that contributes to success in school and work?

A) motivation to succeed
B) physical and mental health
C) number of people in one’s family
D) social skills

30) In order for intelligence tests to be effective, they should

A) be used as the sole evaluation tool.
B) never be relied upon for results.
C) always be administered individually.
D) be used in conjunction with other information about the individual.

31) According to Robert Sternberg, intelligence comes in what form?

A) analytical
B) practical
C) creative
D) All answer choices are correct.

32) Who developed the triarchic theory of intelligence?

A) Alfred Binet
B) Robert Sternberg
C) Charles Spearman
D) Howard Gardner

33) All of the following are components of Sternberg’s definition of intelligence, EXCEPT

A) analytical.
B) creative.
C) experimental.
D) practical.

34) According to Sternberg, students with high analytic ability

A) do well in classes in which the teacher lectures and gives objective tests.
B) typically get good grades.
C) do well on traditional IQ tests.
D) All answer choices are correct.

35) Austin has just finished taking a Stanford-Binet intelligence test. According to Sternberg, this test will only provide Austin’s ________ intelligence.

A) specific
B) practical
C) creative
D) analytical

36) Nine-year-old Amir has developed study skills that help him succeed in school. Sternberg would argue that these skills are best identified with ________ intelligence.

A) general
B) practical
C) creative
D) analytical

37) Emily is a renowned poet who can be in a seemingly ordinary situation and later compose a highly creative poem that seems full of insight into that situation. According to Sternberg, Emily has exceptional ________ intelligence.

A) general
B) practical
C) creative
D) analytical

38) Gannon scores high in the creative area of Sternberg’s theory. This indicates that he is likely to

A) relate poorly to school demands.
B) not be in the top rung of his class.
C) give unique answers that might not conform to his teacher’s expectation.
D) All answer choices are correct.

39) Howard Gardner is associated with

A) two-factor intelligence.
B) the Wechsler scales.
C) the eight frames of mind.
D) the triarchic theory of intelligence.

40) Which of the following does NOT belong with the others?

A) Howard Gardner
B) frames of mind
C) naturalist skills
D) two-factor theory

41) Which of the following is one of Gardner’s eight frames of mind?

A) verbal skills
B) bodily-kinesthetic skills
C) intrapersonal skills
D) All answer choices are correct.

42) Of the types of intelligence identified by Gardner, certain types are regarded as strengths in certain occupations. Which of the following is the best such pairing?

A) interpersonal skills: engineers
B) spatial skills: architects
C) verbal skills: landscapers
D) bodily-kinesthetic skills: theologians

43) ________ is most associated with emotional intelligence.

A) Gardner
B) Sternberg
C) Goleman
D) Therman

44) ________ is conceptualized by Salovey and Mayer as the ability to perceive and express emotion accurately and adaptively, to understand emotion and emotional knowledge, to use feelings to facilitate thought, and to manage emotions in oneself and others.

A) The multiple-intelligences approach
B) Emotional intelligence
C) Incremental intelligence
D) The emotion quotient

45) Recent studies of brain functioning have shown higher intelligence is linked to

A) a distributed neural network in the frontal and parietal lobes.
B) greater processing speed.
C) certain patterns of brain connectivity.
D) All answer choices are correct.

46) Which of the following was NOT identified as one of the major controversial issues concerning intelligence?

A) nature versus nurture determinants of intelligence
B) use and misuse of intelligence tests
C) IQ versus DQ scoring systems
D) gender and ethnic differences in intelligence

47) Which of the following best characterizes the emphasis of modern efforts to improve the intellectual environments of impoverished children?

A) programs that educate parents to be sensitive caregivers and better teachers, along with support services
B) educational remediation
C) providing money to families
D) encouraging families to use day care

48) Interventions in cases of impoverished environments

A) are connected to low-income family situations.
B) work to improve the quality of life for parents and children.
C) provide children with an enriched environment.
D) All answer choices are correct.

49) The Abecedarian Project at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is an example of

A) early intervention for gifted children.
B) home intervention for prenatal babies.
C) early intervention producing improvements in children’s IQ through intellectual stimulation.
D) early intervention for wealthy children.

50) Which of the following is a cultural bias seen in early intelligence tests?

A) favoring urban rather than rural children
B) favoring children of middle socioeconomic status rather than lower socioeconomic status
C) favoring one ethnic group over another
D) All answer choices are correct.

51) ________ intelligence testing aims to avoid cultural bias.

A) Culture-fair
B) Culture-bias
C) Bias-resistant
D) Socioeconomic improvement

52) A test designed to include some socially based items but eliminate those items more familiar to members of a particular cultural or ethnic group is referred to as

A) content-free.
B) culture-fair.
C) culture-bound.
D) context-fair.

53) ________ is the anxiety that one’s behavior might confirm a negative stereotype about one’s group. For example, when African Americans take an intelligence test, they may experience anxiety about confirming the old stereotype that they are “intellectually inferior.”

A) Stereotype advantage
B) Stereotype threat
C) Anxiety setback
D) Full anticipation

54) If Dr. Proctor tells you that she is about to administer a developmental scale, you would conclude that she is working with a(n)

A) infant.
B) intellectual disability student.
C) gifted student.
D) adult.

55) In an assessment class, Sophia is asked to review both an intelligence test and a developmental scale. What would Sophia likely conclude following her review?

A) Intelligence tests require more types of stimuli.
B) Developmental scales are more effective in predicting high-school academic performance.
C) Intelligence tests are harder to administer.
D) Developmental scales place more emphasis on perceptual motor skill development.

56) An overall developmental score that combines subscores in the motor, language, adaptive, and personal-social domains in the Gesell assessment of infants is called the

A) intelligence quotient.
B) developmental quotient.
C) infant profile.
D) neonatal assessment score.

57) IQ is to the Stanford-Binet as ________ is to the Gesell test.

A) normal distribution
B) developmental quotient
C) validity rating
D) Apgar score

58) Which of the following is NOT a scale on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development?

A) motor scale
B) mathematical scale
C) mental scale
D) behavior scale

59) Your pediatrician has just examined your 6-month-old son. In his report the doctor writes, “Motor skills are adequate, language is developmentally appropriate, adaptive and personal-social characteristics are developmentally on time.” Given this information, your son was likely assessed using the

A) Gesell scale.
B) WPPSI-III.
C) Bayley Scales of Infant Development.
D) Stanford-Binet intelligence test.

60) Tests for ________ contain more items related to perceptual-motor development and measures of social interaction, and they contain fewer verbal measures.

A) infants
B) primary-grade children
C) intermediate-grade children
D) adolescent children

61) Faye just received a high score on her Bayley Scales of Infant Development test. Given this information, what can you predict?

A) Faye will receive an extremely high IQ score on intelligence tests in high school.
B) Faye is highly verbal.
C) Faye is likely in preschool.
D) Faye is likely to display relatively high intelligence in early childhood.

62) At age 8, Anna takes an intelligence test and is found to have an IQ of 100. Two years later, Anna again takes the same test. If Anna is typical, you would predict that her IQ score on the second test would be about

A) 80.
B) 100.
C) 120.
D) 140.

63) What can be concluded about stability and change in childhood intelligence?

A) Intelligence test scores can fluctuate dramatically across the childhood years.
B) Intelligence is not as stable as the original intelligence theorists envisioned.
C) Children have the capacity for intellectual change, but they do not become entirely new intelligent beings.
D) All answer choices are correct.

64) Which of the following is described as a condition of limited mental ability in which the individual has a low IQ, usually below 70, has difficulty adapting to everyday life, and displays these characteristics by age 18?

A) learning disability
B) intellectual disability
C) deficit in adaptive behavior
D) giftedness

65) Paula is concerned about the intellectual development of her 4-year-old daughter Connie, so she has Connie tested by her pediatrician. When summarizing his findings, the doctor uses phrases such as “genetic problems,” “brain damage,” and “IQ of 40.” Based on this information, you would expect that Connie

A) is mildly intellectually disabled.
B) is profoundly intellectually disabled.
C) has a cultural-familial intellectual disability.
D) has a condition that is likely due to organic factors.

66) ________ and ________ are two extremes of intelligence and creativity.

A) Intellectual disability; giftedness
B) Triarchic theory; frames of the mind
C) Intellectual disability; frames of the mind
D) Frames of mind; giftedness

67) Who among the following would typically be considered “gifted” in most school systems?

A) Lauren, who has an IQ of 115 and no superior talents
B) Fran, who has an IQ of 100 but is an outstanding writer
C) Ollie, who has an IQ of 121 and is an outstanding artist
D) None of these individuals would be considered gifted.

68) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of gifted children?

A) precocity
B) passion to master
C) ability to conform
D) marching to their own drummer

69) Deliberate practice is

A) something most gifted individuals do not have to engage in.
B) becomes less essential the higher the gifted individual’s IQ.
C) is an important part of a gifted individual becoming expert in a domain.
D) All answer choices are correct.

70) African American, Latino, and Native American students tend to have fewer students in gifted programs compared to non-Latino White and Asian American children. This underrepresentation may be due to

A) less opportunity for vocabulary skill building.
B) decreased language comprehension opportunities.
C) testing bias for this population.
D) All answer choices are correct.

71) ________ is the ability to think about something in novel and unusual ways and come up with unique solutions to problems.

A) Creativity
B) Functional fixedness
C) General intelligence
D) Convergent thinking

72) How are intelligence and creativity related?

A) Most intelligent people are creative.
B) Most creative people are intelligent.
C) There is an inverse relationship between creativity and intelligence.
D) Intelligence and creativity are unrelated.

73) If in a test, you are asked a question and told, “There is only one correct answer,” you might logically conclude that the test item requires

A) creativity.
B) divergent thinking.
C) general intelligence.
D) convergent thinking.

74) Recent research has indicated a decline in creative thinking among U.S. schoolchildren. One reason cited for this decrease is

A) increased TV viewing.
B) decreased emphasis on creative thinking.
C) increased video gaming.
D) All answer choices are correct.

75) ________ is a technique in which children are encouraged to come up with creative ideas in a group, play off each other’s ideas, and say practically whatever comes to mind.

A) Redressing
B) Rehearsal
C) Brainstorming
D) Concept elimination

76) For a teacher working with a group of primary-grade children, which of the following is NOT a strategy for accomplishing the goal of helping children become more creative?

A) having children engage in brainstorming and come up with as many ideas as possible
B) providing children with stark environments so they can create their own environments
C) being careful not to overcontrol
D) encouraging internal motivation

77) Gardner and Sternberg are among the contemporary theorists related to intelligence. Compare and contrast their views about intelligence.

78) Describe three factors in increased intelligence explored by neuroscientists.

79) Many early intelligence tests were culturally biased, favoring people who were from urban rather than rural environments, middle socioeconomic status rather than lower socioeconomic status, and White rather than African American. Explain this concept and how it applies to the modern testing movement.

80) Why is testing an infant a difficult task? Explain how infants are tested using the Gesell and Bayley instruments.

81) List the four categories of behavior tested in the theory of Arnold Gesell.

82) Compare and contrast intellectual disability and giftedness in IQ and functioning.

83) Describe and give an example of both divergent and convergent thinking.

84) Identify four methods of guiding a child’s creativity.