Full Test Bank Organization Of The Body Ch21

Student name:__________

1) In __________, substances move across a cell membrane with the help of carrier molecules.

2) Homologous chromosomes carry the same genes that code for a particular trait, but the genes may be of different forms, called ________.

3) In __________, small molecules combine to form larger ones.

4) The third stage of mitosis is called __________. During this stage, the replicated chromosomes are pulled toward the centrioles at opposite sides of the cell.

5) A frontal, or __________, plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.

6) The simplest units of all matter are __________, and many of these are essential to life.

7) Homologous chromosomes are also known as __________.

8) The study of matter and chemical reactions in the body is __________.

9) The conversion of glycogen to glucose molecules for energy is an example of one of the processes of metabolism, called __________.

10) The __________, or inferior, anatomical direction is below, or close, to the feet.

11) The smallest living units of the body are __________.

12) The __________ are two cylindrical organelles near the nucleus that are essential to cell division because they equally distribute chromosomes to the resultant "daughter" cells.

13) The study of what matter is made of and how it changes is __________.

14) The cell nucleus contains __________, which are thread-like structures made up of DNA.

15) Hair-like projections on the outside of the cell membrane called __________ assist with propelling matter throughout the body tracts.

16) The term used to describe inherited traits that are determined by multiple genes is __________ inheritance.

17) A(n) __________ is formed when two or more atoms of more than one element are combined.

18) The superior, or __________, anatomical direction is above, or close, to the head.

19) Cells reproduce by cell division, a process that involves splitting the nucleus through mitosis or meiosis, and __________, or splitting the cytoplasm.

20) The __________ of a cell is the "inside" of the cell and is mostly made of water, proteins, ions, and nutrients.

21) The most internal of the anatomical directions is __________.

22) The __________ is the muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.

23) The movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is __________.

24) The toes are inferior and __________ to the knees.

25) If a body structure is posterior, or __________, to another, it is toward the back of the body.

26) When put in water, __________ release ions.

27) A(n) __________ gland secretes its product directly into tissue, fluids, or blood.

28) The __________ forms networks or passageways to transport substances throughout the cytoplasm.

29) If a gland secretes its product into a duct, such as with a sweat or sebaceous gland, it is called a(n) __________ gland.

30) Brachial refers to the arm, and the term __________ refers to the thigh.

31) In __________, some type of pressure, such as gravity or blood pressure, forces substances across a membrane that acts like a filter.

32) A(n) __________ is the tail-like structure found on the human sperm cell that provides its "swimming" type of locomotion.

33) Medical professionals often use the following terms to describe how the body is divided into sections: sagittal, midsagittal, transverse, and __________ or coronal.

34) A segment of DNA that determines a body trait is a(n) __________.

35) A cell's __________ apparatus is known to synthesize carbohydrates and is thought to prepare and store secretions for discharge from the cell.

36) Small molecules that generally do not contain carbon and hydrogen make up __________ matter.

37) A cell that carries out its normal daily functions and is not dividing is said to be in __________.

38) In directional terms, the ears are posterior and __________ to the nose.

39) The organelles known as __________ perform the digestive function for the cell.

40) The matter that is between the cells of connective tissue is known as a(n) __________.

41) Anything that takes up space and has weight is __________.

42) The nose is __________ to the ears.

43) Reproductive cell division is called __________.

44) What is the overall chemical functioning of the body called?

45) The second stage of mitosis is __________. During this stage, the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell between the centrioles on spindle fibers.

46) The section or plane that runs lengthwise down the midline of the body and divides it into equal left and right halves is the __________ plane.

47) The organelles that provide energy for the cell and are the centers for cell respiration are the __________.

48) Following interphase, a cell may enter __________, which is a nonreproductive type of cell division.

49) Atoms that bond together make up __________.

50) Sometimes when DNA is duplicated, errors called __________ occur that will be passed on to the descendants (daughter cells) of that cell and may or may not affect the cells in harmful ways.

51) The nerve tissue cells that are smaller, more abundant, and act as support cells for the neurons, even though they do not transmit impulses, are called __________ cells.

52) The largest nerve tissue cells, which transmit impulses, are called __________.

53) The __________ is the part of a cell that contains DNA.

54) Two or more tissue types combine to form __________.

55) Matter that contains carbon and hydrogen is known as __________matter.

56) When organ systems combine they form a(n) __________.

57) Two or more tissue types combine to form organs, and organs combine to form __________.

58) The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane, such as a cell membrane, is called __________.

59) When a sperm cell and a(n) __________ unite, a cell called a zygote forms.

60) In the first stage of mitosis, or __________, the centrioles that have replicated just prior to the onset of mitosis move to opposite ends of the cell.

61) The elbow is __________ to the fingers.

62) In the cytoplasm of the cell, the __________ are responsible for protein synthesis.

63) A(n) __________ plane divides the body into left and right portions.

64) The first 22 pairs of chromosomes received from either the sperm cell or ovum are homologous chromosomes (autosomes), and the 23rd pair are __________ chromosomes.

65) Traits that are carried on the sex chromosomes are called __________ traits.

66) A structure that is closer to the surface of the body than a second structure is __________ to the second structure.

67) The final stage of mitosis is called __________. During this stage, the chromosomes reach the centrioles, cytokinesis takes place, and mitosis is complete.

68) When cells of the same type organize together, they form __________.

69) A(n) __________ plane divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions.

70) __________ contains the genetic information of cells and is found in the nucleus of the cell.

71) __________ is the organic matter that makes proteins and can move between the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cells.

72) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a quick, easy method for making millions of copies of any fragment of __________.

73) A person's __________ is the same for every cell, tissue, and organ.

74) DNA __________ is a reliable method for identifying and distinguishing among humans to establish paternity and identify suspects in criminal cases.

75) All medical terms have a(n) __________ that contains the base meaning of the term.

76) The scientific term for the study of body structure is __________.

77) The scientific term for the study of the function of the body's organs is __________.

78) The relative consistency of the body's internal environment is called __________.

79) When homeostasis is not maintained in the body, __________ develop.

80) The heart and blood vessels unite to form the __________ system.

81) The __________ cavity contains the lungs, heart, esophagus, and trachea.

82) The bladder and internal reproductive organs are located in the __________ cavity, which is the inferior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity.

83) The cardiovascular system is __________.

A) an organelle
B) an organ
C) the group of all organs involved in oxygenation of the body
D) two or more organs working toward the same goal
E) an organism

84) In order for anatomical terms to be universally understood, it is assumed that the body is in the anatomical position, which is __________.

A) standing upright and facing forward with the arms at the sides and the palms of the hands facing forward
B) standing upright and facing forward with the arms at the sides and the palms of the hands facing the rear
C) sitting upright and facing forward with the arms at the sides and the palms of the hands facing forward
D) prone and facing upward with the arms at the sides and the palms of the hands facing down
E) prone and facing upward with the arms at the sides and the palms of the hands facing up

85) In the anatomical position, the body is __________.

A) lying horizontally with the hands across the chest
B) lying horizontally with the hands raised over the head
C) standing with the arms and hands relaxed at the sides of the body
D) standing with the arms at the sides and palms facing forward
E) standing with the arms at the side and palms facing backward

86) Which anatomical position is the nose compared to the ears?

A) lateral
B) anterior
C) caudal
D) superior
E) posterior

87) The thoracic cavity is __________ to the abdominal cavity.

A) distal
B) lateral
C) superior
D) inferior
E) ventral

88) Which anatomical position are the fingers compared to the elbow?

A) distal
B) lateral
C) superior
D) inferior
E) ventral

89) Most of the organs of digestion are found in the __________ cavity.

A) pelvic
B) abdominal
C) thoracic
D) dorsal
E) spinal

90) The pelvic cavity contains the __________.

A) gallbladder
B) stomach
C) reproductive organs
D) liver
E) small intestine

91) Molecules are composed of __________.

A) at least two cells bonded together
B) at least two atoms bonded together
C) two or more compounds
D) water and one other atom
E) at least two organelles

92) At what pH is a solution neither an acid nor a base?

A) 1
B) 5
C) 7
D) 8
E) 10

93) During mitosis, the nucleus __________.

A) makes a complete copy of each pair of chromosomes
B) splits and retains one-half of each pair of chromosomes
C) does not make any changes
D) undergoes cytokinesis
E) undergoes two divisions

94) What is the term for the segment of DNA that determines a body trait?

A) cytokine
B) nucleolus
C) polymerase
D) gene
E) chromosome

95) The directional position above or close to the head is which of the following terms?

A) superior
B) deep
C) lateral
D) inferior
E) caudal

96) What is the term for a directional position that is farther away from the midline of the body?

A) cranial
B) deep
C) lateral
D) inferior
E) superior

97) Bones are directionally positioned __________ to the skin.

A) superior
B) inferior
C) caudal
D) lateral
E) deep

98) The knees are positioned __________ to the hips.

A) superior
B) deep
C) caudal
D) cranial
E) lateral

99) The position toward the front of the body is __________.

A) superficial
B) posterior
C) anterior
D) medial
E) dorsal

100) The brain is __________ to the nose.

A) superficial
B) dorsal
C) ventral
D) anterior
E) medial

101) The position closest to the midline of the body is __________.

A) superficial
B) posterior
C) anterior
D) dorsal
E) medial

102) In what directional position is the skin relative to the muscles?

A) superficial
B) posterior
C) ventral
D) medial
E) dorsal

103) Which of the following describes a position close to the point of attachment or to the trunk of the body?

A) anterior
B) medial
C) ventral
D) distal
E) proximal

104) The elbow is __________ to the wrist.

A) anterior
B) medial
C) distal
D) proximal
E) ventral

105) Which plane divides the body into inferior and superior portions?

A) sagittal
B) transverse
C) frontal
D) midsagittal
E) coronal

106) Which plane divides the body into right and left portions?

A) sagittal
B) transverse
C) coronal
D) ventral
E) frontal

107) Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions?

A) sagittal
B) transverse
C) frontal
D) midsagittal
E) ventral

108) The __________ plane divides the body equally into right and left halves.

A) sagittal
B) transverse
C) frontal
D) midsagittal
E) coronal

109) __________ release hydroxyl ions in water.

A) Lipids
B) Cells
C) Bases
D) Atoms
E) Acids

110) When positively or negatively charged particles are released by electrolytes, they are called __________.

A) ions
B) lipids
C) bases
D) atoms
E) acids

111) When put in water, __________ release positively or negatively charged ions.

A) carbohydrates
B) lipids
C) electrolytes
D) nucleic acids
E) genes

112) Which of the following releases hydrogen ions in water?

A) acids
B) lipids
C) bases
D) nucleic acids
E) genes

113) What is the term for the overall chemical functioning of the body?

A) mitosis
B) metabolism
C) cytokinesis
D) physiology
E) meiosis

114) Which of the following is primarily used to make energy?

A) carbohydrates
B) lipids
C) nucleic acids
D) proteins
E) oxygen

115) Triglycerides that are used to store energy for cells are one form of __________.

A) carbohydrate
B) lipid
C) nucleic acid
D) protein
E) amino acid

116) Which substances are the structural materials for building solid body parts?

A) carbohydrates
B) phospholipids
C) triglycerides
D) nucleic acids
E) proteins

117) The genetic information for the body is located in __________.

A) carbohydrates
B) phospholipids
C) DNA
D) triglycerides
E) RNA

118) Which of the following is usually found near the center of the cell and contains the chromosomes?

A) cell membrane
B) cytoplasm
C) nucleus
D) ribosome
E) mitochondrion

119) Which of the following is made up of phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates and is very thin and selectively permeable?

A) cytoplasm
B) cell membrane
C) nucleus
D) nucleolus
E) ribosome

120) The __________ of a cell is mostly water, ions, and nutrients and contains organelles that perform many functions.

A) cell membrane
B) cytoplasm
C) nucleus
D) nucleolus
E) ribosome

121) Carrier molecules help move substances from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration by __________.

A) diffusion
B) osmosis
C) filtration
D) active transport
E) passive mechanisms

122) When some type of pressure forces substances across a membrane, it is called __________.

A) diffusion
B) osmosis
C) filtration
D) active transport
E) metabolism

123) The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane is __________.

A) diffusion
B) drainage
C) osmosis
D) filtration
E) active transport

124) Substances "spread out" by __________.

A) diffusion
B) drainage
C) osmosis
D) filtration
E) active transport

125) Water moves toward a higher concentration of solutes by __________.

A) diffusion
B) drainage
C) osmosis
D) filtration
E) active transport

126) The movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across a semipermeable membrane is __________.

A) diffusion
B) drainage
C) osmosis
D) filtration
E) active transport

127) Which of these genetic disorders, in which clotting factors are missing, primarily affects males?

A) albinism
B) cystic fibrosis
C) hemophilia
D) phenylketonuria (PKU)
E) thalassemia

128) Which of the following is a life-threatening disease that mainly affects the lungs and pancreas?

A) albinism
B) cystic fibrosis
C) hemophilia
D) phenylketonuria (PKU)
E) thalassemia

129) The inability to synthesize the enzyme needed to produce tyrosine results in __________ which, if not detected early, can cause irreversible organ and brain damage.

A) albinism
B) cystic fibrosis
C) hemophilia
D) phenylketonuria (PKU)
E) thalassemia

130) The disorder in which a person is born without pigmentation in the skin, eyes, and hair is __________.

A) albinism
B) cystic fibrosis
C) hemophilia
D) phenylketonuria (PKU)
E) thalassemia

131) Which type of tissue covers the body and most organs?

A) epithelial
B) connective
C) muscle
D) skeletal
E) nervous

132) In which type of tissue are cells separated by a matrix?

A) epithelial
B) connective
C) muscle
D) skeletal
E) nervous

133) What type of tissue specializes in sending electrical messages?

A) epithelial
B) connective
C) muscle
D) skeletal
E) nervous

134) Glandular tissue is classified as a type of __________ tissue.

A) epithelial
B) connective
C) muscle
D) skeletal
E) nervous

135) Which type of tissue is able to contract and relax?

A) epithelial
B) connective
C) muscle
D) glandular
E) nervous

136) Cartilage is which type of tissue that gives shape to structures such as the ears and nose.

A) epithelial
B) connective
C) muscle
D) glandular
E) nervous

137) Which of these tissues can be voluntary or involuntary in its action?

A) epithelial
B) connective
C) muscle
D) glandular
E) nervous

138) Which tissue is located in the brain and the spinal cord?

A) epithelial
B) connective
C) muscle
D) cardiac
E) nervous

139) In medical terminology, the word part at the end of the word, which alters the meaning of the word root, is the __________.

A) prefix
B) gerund
C) suffix
D) combining vowel
E) preposition

140) What word part is added to the beginning of a medical term that alters the meaning of the word root.

A) prefix
B) gerund
C) suffix
D) combining vowel
E) preposition

141) Which of the following terms means to surgically remove the colon?

A) colostomy
B) colectomy
C) cholecystectomy
D) coliology
E) cholecystitis

142) Which term means rapid breathing?

A) tachycardia
B) tachologist
C) tachysystole
D) tachypnea
E) tachyphylaxis

143) Mrs. Frantello brings her 3-year-old son David to the office because he seems a little behind other children his age. David has a rather long face with large ears. The provider orders tests for David to rule out Fragile X syndrome. While she is in the office, she informs the provider that she is pregnant again. What test would you expect the provider to consider for Mrs. Frantello?

A) prothrombin time (clotting factor)
B) amniocentesis
C) phenylalanine concentration
D) complete blood count (CBC)
E) thyroid levels (T3 and T4)

144) Vince is a 24-year-old diabetic patient who has come to the office complaining of infertility. You check his vital signs and discover that his blood pressure, temperature, and respirations are normal. He is 6 feet 4 inches tall and weighs 235 pounds. Which of the following disorders might Vince have?

A) muscular dystrophy
B) Fragile X syndrome
C) Down syndrome
D) hemophilia
E) Klinefelter's syndrome

145) George is a 10-year-old new patient who was brought to the office by his father because George's teacher noted that George may have a hearing impairment. While taking George's history, you note that he has a rather flat face with slanting eyes, and his tongue protrudes slightly. He appears to have poor muscle tone, and when you ask him a question, his father answers for him. Although his father has not indicated that George suffers from any particular disorder, from your observations you may suspect that George has ____.

A) cystic fibrosis
B) Fragile X syndrome
C) Down syndrome
D) hemophilia
E) Klinefelter's syndrome