Stress, Coping, And Health 4ce Test bank Exam Questions - Test Bank | Psychology Around Us 4e by Nancy Ogden. DOCX document preview.
CHAPTER 14
STRESS, COPING, AND HEALTH
CHAPTER LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
- Stress is a state brought on by any situation that threatens or appears to threaten a person’s sense of well-being, thus challenging the person’s ability to cope. A situation that triggers the stress response is a stressor. A stressor may be acute (short term) or chronic (long term).
- People may experience stress as frustration, pressure, conflict, or danger.
- Kinds of stressors include daily hassles, life changes (which can be measured by use of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale), traumatic events, chronic negative situations, and special socio-cultural conditions.
2. Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
- There are two main physiological pathways of stress: the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Both lead to activation of the fight-or-flight response, which is an immediate response to a stressor.
- Hans Selye first described the effects of chronic stress, which he called the general adaptation syndrome (GAS). The syndrome has three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.
- Emotional responses to stress generally involve negative emotions. The more stress a person experiences, the more negative the emotions.
- Cognitive appraisal is an important element in responses to stress. Richard Lazarus identified two steps in this process: primary appraisal, in which people assess the severity of the stressor, and secondary appraisal, in which they evaluate how well they can cope with it.
- Individuals vary greatly in their responses to stress. Areas of difference include autonomic activity, explanatory style, personality, and availability of social support.
3. Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
- Coping describes efforts to manage, reduce, or tolerate stress.
- Dealing with stress by lashing out at others, using defence mechanisms such as repression, and engaging in self-indulgent behaviours such as smoking or drinking alcohol, can be destructive when used in excess.
- More constructive coping strategies include directly confronting a stressor in hopes of changing the situation (problem-focused coping) and changing how you feel or think about the stressor to reduce its impact (emotion-focused coping).
4. Explain how stress can cause physical illness and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
- Stress can increase risk for a number of health problems. People with Type A personalities are prone to stress and appear to be at greater risk for coronary heart disease than the more relaxed Type B personalities. Using the Social Readjustment Rating Scale, researchers have found that stress-producing life changes also increase the risk of illness.
- Psychoimmunology is an area of study that examines the links between stress, the immune system, and health.
- Severe stress may interfere with the activity of lymphocytes, a component of the immune system that helps the body to overcome invaders, such as bacteria and viruses.
- Stress-related biochemical changes in the body, such as changes in the activity of norepinephrine and cortisol, can eventually slow the functioning of the immune system.
- Behaviour, personality, and social support are additional factors affecting how much the immune system is slowed down by stress.
- Unlike distress, or negative stress, eustress offers benefits. Optimal levels of stress can promote the development of resilience and facilitate performance, especially for easy or moderately difficult tasks.
5. Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
- Posttraumatic stress disorder is characterized by persistent, frightening thoughts or memories of a traumatic event, along with anxiety, depression, and other symptoms.
- Combat, natural disasters, and abuse and victimization are among the events most likely to cause posttraumatic stress disorder.
- Not everyone affected by unusual trauma develops posttraumatic stress disorder. Factors that affect the likelihood of developing the disorder include biological factors, personality factors, childhood experiences, and the availability of social support.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. Long term is to ______________ as short term is to ______________.
a) acute stressor; chronic stressor
b) chronic stressor; acute stressor
c) unhealthy stress; healthy stress
d) eustress; distress
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
2. Margo is expecting a baby. How might the “appears to threaten” part of the definition of stress refer to Margo’s situation?
a) Margo may see this event as stressful, but she would be wrong.
b) Margo may not view the pregnancy as changing her life.
c) Margo may not be good at handling stress.
d) Margo’s appraisal of stress of pregnancy is subjective.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
3. Prolonged poor working conditions or a bad marriage are classified as ___________.
a) cataclysmic events
b) hassles
c) sources of chronic stress
d) sources of acute stress
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
4. Which of the following is NOT discussed in your book as a potential chronic stressor?
a) traffic jams
b) poverty
c) illness
d) noise
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
5. Which of the following is not a major source of stress?
a) conflict
b) surprises
c) life changes
d) hassles
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
6. Nate was one of a hundred applicants for a job he really wants. He applied knowing it was a long shot. However, he was accepted into a pool of ten applicants who were asked to complete a series of questionnaires etc. He is now one of the final four applicants to be interviewed. The interview is tomorrow. Nate really wants this job. The job interview is a(n) _____. ___.
a) stress
b) acute stressor
c) chronic stressor
d) distress
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
7. You are involved in a minor car crash after which you experience sweaty palms, rapid breathing, and a racing heart. In this situation, ___________ is the stressor, and ___________ is the stress.
a) your racing heart; the crash
b) the crash; your physical reaction
c) your sweaty palms; your rapid breathing
d) your physical reaction; the crash
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
8. You are studying for an exam with the other two members of your group. One member, Luci, is very nervous about the exam, and the other member, Craig, thinks it is “no big deal”. Your group members’ differing attitudes toward the exam is most consistent with the suggestion that
a) some people have better coping techniques to reduce stress.
b) if someone has repeatedly been exposed to a situation, it is no longer stressful.
c) people’s appraisal of stressful events is highly objective.
d) people’s appraisal of stressful events is highly subjective.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
9. Psychologists have identified several different types of stress experiences. Which of the following is one of those types of stress experiences?
a) sensitization
b) frustration
c) happiness
d) automatic
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
10. Ellie is waiting in line to get into an outdoor concert at the Calgary Stampede. It is hot, and she has been waiting for two hours already. As she is nearing the front of the line, suddenly, the organizers shut down her line and tell everyone to find a different line. What kind of stress experience would Ellie feel in this example?
a) frustration
b) pressure
c) conflict
d) danger
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress
11. You recently started a new job but have not yet received your first paycheck. Although your boss promised you would receive it today, it was not deposited into your bank account and your rent is due. Most likely you would be experiencing the type of stress called
a) dissonance.
b) frustration.
c) conflict.
d) pressure.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
12. Tanner wants to make his mother's favourite dish but has no cardamom spice. He tries, unsuccessfully, to borrow some from three of his neighbours. He drives to several stores and none of them have it. The negative emotion Tanner begins to experience is called ________________.
a) conflict
b) pressure
c) frustration
d) stress-induced anger
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
13. An expectation or demand that someone act in a certain way is known as _____.
a) conformity
b) frustration
c) conflict
d) pressure
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
14. Claudette has invited several friends to dinner tonight. As she is preparing the meal, she is worried about what her friends will think if everything is not perfect. Claudette is experiencing ___.
a) pressure imposed by her friends
b) self-imposed pressure
c) frustration that her friends might expect perfection
d) frustration, because she doubts she can achieve perfection
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
15. You have an interview tomorrow for a job you really want. As you are picking out what you will wear to the interview, you think about how you really want to make a good impression on the interviewer. In this example, you would most likely be experiencing the type of stress called
a) conformity.
b) frustration.
c) conflict
d) pressure.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
16. Declan is playing in the national basketball championship game. The score is 72 to 71 in favour of the opposing team and there are only four seconds left in the game. Declan has been fouled against so has the chance to take two foul shots. As he steps up to the foul like to take his shots, he knows that winning the championship rests on his making the shots. Declan is most likely experiencing the type of stress called
a) anxiety.
b) conflict.
c) pressure.
d) frustration.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
17. Which of the following is NOT a form of stress discussed in your text?
a) frustration
b) pressure
c) conflict
d) urgency
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
18. Emina and her family had to evacuate their Gatineau home because of a tornado. Emina and her family would have experienced the type of stress called
a) change.
b) danger.
c) devastation.
d) frustration.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
19. Moya really wants to study tonight so she is well prepared for her psychology exam tomorrow, but she also wants to go out with her new boyfriend. This is an example of ______________ conflict.
a) an approach-approach
b) an avoidance-avoidance
c) an approach-avoidance
d) a positive-positive
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
20. Kelly applied to six colleges. She was admitted the top two schools she wanted to go to, as well as two of her backups. Her two top schools have offered her similar scholarships, and both have the major she wants. Kelly is NOT sure what to do. Which type of conflict does this exemplify?
a) an approach-approach conflict
b) an approach-avoidance conflict
c) an avoidance-avoidance conflict
d) an avoidance-approach conflict
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
21. Nika has interviewed for two jobs, and both positions sound equally desirable. A few days later she is offered both jobs. What kind of stress experience would this cause in Nika?
a) daily hassles
b) change
c) approach-approach conflict
d) social pressure
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
22. Which of the following is an approach-approach conflict?
a) Choice A 🡪 positive result; Choice B 🡪 positive result
b) Choice A 🡪 positive result; Choice B 🡪 negative result
c) Choice A 🡪 negative result; Choice B 🡪 negative result
d) Choice A or B🡪 positive and negative result
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
23. Wanting to eat a large piece of chocolate cake, but not wanting to gain weight is an example of what type of conflict?
a) an approach-approach
b) an avoidance-avoidance
c) an approach-avoidance
d) positive-positive
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
24. Which of the following is an approach-avoidance conflict?
a) Choice A 🡪 positive result; Choice B 🡪 positive result
b) Choice A 🡪 positive result; Choice B 🡪 negative result
c) Choice A 🡪 negative result; Choice B 🡪 negative result
d) Choice A or B🡪 positive and negative result
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
25. Mario has decided to buy a new car. He set a budget for the new car based on how large a car payment he wants to make each month. When he went to look at cars, he found one he really likes and wants, but it would mean increasing the size of his car payment substantially. Mario finds he is faced with a ___________________ conflict.
a) an approach-approach
b) an avoidance-avoidance
c) an approach-avoidance
d) negative-negative
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
26. Jonas was accepted at McMaster University and he really wanted to go because he was aware of their stellar reputation. However, leaving Winnipeg, Manitoba and moving to Hamilton, Ontario would mean leaving his romantic partner and childhood friends, all of whom he counted on for moral and social support. Jonas is experiencing a(n) ________ conflict.
a) approach-approach
b) avoidance-avoidance
c) approach-avoidance
d) interpersonal
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
27. Louis needs to move out of his house as soon as possible. He has found two apartments that he could rent, but neither of them is perfect. One is very far from town, and the other is old and unappealing. However, he needs to choose one within the next week. Which type of conflict does this exemplify?
a) an avoidance-avoidance conflict
b) an approach-approach conflict
c) an approach-avoidance conflict
d) an avoidance-approach conflict
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
28. The most difficult conflict to resolve is usually the _________________ conflict.
a) avoidance-avoidance
b) approach-approach
c) approach-avoidance
d) avoidance-frustration
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
29. What is the difference between an approach-approach conflict and an avoidance-avoidance conflict?
a) An approach-approach conflict is choosing one option that has multiple positive options, whereas an avoidance-avoidance conflict is choosing one option that has multiple negative outcomes.
b) An approach-approach conflict is choosing between two equally desirable options, whereas an avoidance-avoidance conflict is choosing one option that has multiple negative outcomes.
c) An approach-approach conflict is choosing one desirable option after another, whereas an avoidance-avoidance conflict is choosing one undesirable option after another.
d) An approach-approach conflict is choosing between two equally desirable options, whereas an avoidance-avoidance conflict is choosing between two equally undesirable options.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
30. Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the Yerkes-Dodson law?
a) If there is no arousal performance will suffer.
b) If there is moderate arousal performance will suffer.
c) Optimal performance occurs only in the presence of a moderate level of arousal.
d) Optimal performance is facilitated for complex tasks with high levels of arousal.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
31. Which of the following is FALSE about the effects of stress on performance?
a) High levels of stress benefit easy tasks.
b) Moderate levels of stress benefit moderately difficult tasks.
c) Low stress benefits complex tasks.
d) High stress is never beneficial to a task.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
32. According to your text, many researchers believe that _______ contribute(s) more to people's stress levels than ____________.
a) major life events; hassles
b) hassles; major life events.
c) a minor violation of law; divorce
d) vacation; financial problems
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
33. All the following are examples of daily hassles EXCEPT ___.
a) minor violations of the law
b) work stress
c) childcare responsibilities
d) losing one’s keys
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
34. Some researchers have shown that ______________ can be as significant as ________________ in creating stress.
a) frustrations; daily hassles
b) daily hassles; major life events
c) minor violations of the law; divorce
d) going on vacation; financial problems
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
35. Which of the following events receives the highest rating on the Social Readjustment Ratings Scale (SRRS)?
a) divorce
b) jail term
c) death of a spouse
d) personal injury or illness
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
36. Scales that question university and college students about their daily hassles and major life events report that students’ feelings of stress are the highest _____.
a) around work related and financial issues
b) regarding interpersonal relationships
c) before and after exams
d) around time management issues
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
37. The event on the SRRS that is associated with the greatest number of life change units is ______________________.
a) divorce
b) death of a spouse/partner
c) jail term
d) death of a close family member
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
38. Which of the following is a true statement about SRRS scores?
a) High scores cause an increase in illness.
b) They are positively correlated with increased risk of illness.
c) They are negatively correlated with increased risk of illness.
d) They are positively correlated with a decreased risk of illness.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
39. The SRRS is ___.
a) part of the HPA pathway
b) part of the ANS pathway
c) composed of LCUs
d) another term for a coronary-prone personality
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
40. All the following are examples of stressors measured by the SRRS except ________________.
a) child leaving home
b) retirement
c) getting a mortgage
d) getting a new pet
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
41. Which of the following is NOT true of the SRRS?
a) People generally respond to life’s challenges in the same way.
b) The SRRS identifies correlations and cannot make causal claims.
c) Cross-cultural studies suggest people rank the magnitude of stress in similar ways.
d) It is an easy and well-used tool to measure stress caused by life change.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
42. Which of the following is a noted problem with the SRRS?
a) It doesn’t measure stress well in the 21st century.
b) It only measures acute stressors.
c) It assumes all people rank life’s challenges in similar ways.
d) It is biased towards men.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
43. Which is NOT a leading stressor for school-aged children?
a) excessive homework
b) feeling left out
c) fighting with family members
d) watching a friend be embarrassed
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
44. The death of a family member or friend is a common stressor to all age groups. Excluding that event, which of the following is NOT accurate about the top stressors for different age groups?
a) university students – having to take multiple tests
b) children age 5 to 12 – physical illness
c) adolescents – fighting with friends
d) pre-adolescents – incidences of injustice in the media
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
45. Which of the following persons is most likely to experience chronic stress?
a) Zachary whose father died of a heart attack three weeks ago.
b) Junco who has been in labor for 10 hours so far.
c) Wen-Ho who is stuck on a Los Angeles freeway at rush hour.
d) Taylor who is shy and attending a new high school in an unfamiliar city.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
46. _____ is one of the most significant sources of stress.
a) Change
b) Interpersonal relationships
c) Time management
d) Coping
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
47. Navigating through dominant culture for immigrants, refugees, and persons in minority groups is very stressful. Which of the following is NOT a research finding from your text that supports this statement?
a) Achieving success in dominant culture is associated with rejecting the minority group.
b) Stereotype threat is often invisible to those in the majority group.
c) Prejudice is a source of threat.
d) Balancing the demands of two cultures is challenging.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Define stress and describe the ways in which people experience stress and the kinds of situations that typically cause stress.
Section Reference: What Is Stress?
48. After a minor car accident, you experience sweaty palms, rapid breathing, and a racing heart. In this situation, _____ is the stressor, and _____ is the stress.
a) your racing heart; the accident
b) the accident; your physical reaction
c) your sweaty palms; your rapid breathing
d) the accident; the accident
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
49. The release of cortisol during the fight-or-flight response occurs at the end of the ________________ response pathway.
a) GAS
b) SNS
c) HPA
d) PNS
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
50. When we are under stress, the pituitary secretes ___.
a) adrenaline
b) norepinephrine
c) cortisol
d) ACTH
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
51. What part of the brain initially activates the SNS system and the HPA axis?
a) hippocampus
b) pituitary gland
c) hypothalamus
d) amygdala
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
52. The result of the SNS and HPA systems is ultimately to ______________.
a) increase energy output
b) sharpen the brain to respond to the stressor
c) heighten the reaction by the organism in response to the stressor
d) calm the organism to facilitate clear thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
53. Which of the following is a key element of the HPA axis, and plays a critical role in the long-term effects of stress?
a) epinephrine
b) norepinephrine
c) insulin
d) cortisol
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
54. Which of the following is NOT part of the ANS axis?
a) pituitary
b) sympathetic nervous system
c) norepinephrine
d) adrenal medulla
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
55. Nate’s friend Tanner was attacked by an angry patron when Tanner reached over the man’s shoulder to get his drink. Entirely unprovoked the man dragged Tanner to the floor and beat and kicked him. Nate and other patrons jumped in and pulled Tanner to his feet and pushed the man from the bar. An hour later, even though Tanner is unharmed, Nate continues to feel stressed. Which stress response system is most likely in action?
a) Pathway 1 (SNS)
b) Pathway 2 (HPA Axis)
c) Both will equally effective.
d) Neither of these. Her motor nervous system will be most useful.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
56. On her way to class Robyne is walking through the neighbourhood where she parks her car. She has walked this route dozens of times. Suddenly a dog rushes from a house snarling and barking. Which stress response system will be most effective in the first few minutes?
a) Pathway 1 (SNS)
b) Pathway 2 (HPA Axis)
c) Both will equally effective.
d) Neither of these. Her peripheral nervous system will be most useful.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
57. The fight-or-flight response is
a) a behavioral reaction to threat involving the somatic nervous system.
b) an emotional reaction to threat involving the central nervous system.
c) a physiological reaction to threat involving the autonomic nervous system.
d) a behavioral reaction to threat involving the central nervous system.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
58. Adrenal medulla is to _______________ as adrenal cortex is to __________.
a) Sympathetic nervous system; parasympathetic nervous system
b) Parasympathetic nervous system; sympathetic nervous system
c) SNS pathway; HPA Axis pathway
d) HPA Axis pathway; SNS pathway
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
59. Adrenal medulla is to the release of_______________ as adrenal cortex is to the release of __________.
a) norepinephrine; cortisol
b) cortisol; norepinephrine
c) cortisol; adrenaline
d) adrenaline; norepinephrine
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
60. The adrenal medulla releases _______ whereas the adrenal cortex releases
a) cortisol; epinephrine/norepinephrine.
b) epinephrine/norepinephrine; cortisol.
c) ACTH; cortisol.
d) epinephrine/norepinephrine; ACTH.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
61. Pathway 1 is to the release of ______________ as Pathway 2 is to the release of _____________.
a) norepinephrine; cortisol
b) cortisol; norepinephrine
c) cortisol; adrenaline
d) adrenaline; norepinephrine
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
62. Perla’s ten-year-old daughter was on a school trip and was reported as missing. The police issued an Amber Alert. Perla therefore feels panicked when her iPhone rings, indicating the police are trying to reach her. The officer she speaks to tells her that her daughter has been found and is unharmed, safe, and on her way home. Nevertheless, for at least an hour after the call Perla continues to feel very stressed. Which stress response system is still in effect?
a) Pathway 1 (SNS)
b) Pathway 2 (HPA Axis)
c) Both will equally effective.
d) Neither of these. Her motor nervous system will be most useful.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
63. Milo is surfing in Byron Bay, New South Wales. He has just swum out to catch a wave when he hears people screaming and calling out and looks to his right and where he sees a shark in the water nearby. Which stress response system will be most effective for Milo in the first few minutes of this event?
a) Pathway 1 (SNS)
b) Pathway 2 (HPA Axis)
c) Both will equally effective.
d) Parasympathetic response system
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
64. All the following are the result of the release of cortisol EXCEPT ___.
a) elevate body sugar
b) increase heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration
c) protect the body from inflammation
d) supply the body with energy
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
65. After caring for, and eventually burying a terminally ill spouse, Osamu has been pushing to get a project completed at work. He is feeling exhausted, anxious, and depressed and his blood pressure is going up. These symptoms are the result of prolonged ___ activity.
a) norepinephrine
b) ACTH
c) cortisol
d) epinephrine
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
66. Anton has experienced several setbacks and disappointments this last year. He is struggling with some health issues but what might also be true of Anton?
a) Anton will primarily be feeling hopeless and dejected.
b) Anton is at the “end of his rope” and will be unable to handle another stressful event physically or emotionally.
c) Anton is experiencing anxiety, fear, apprehension, dejection, anger, guilt, and shame.
d) Anton is experiencing negative emotions; however, the type or extent of these emotions will depend on his personal style and the type of stressful situations he is facing.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
67. Cortisol is released from the _____ and causes affected body organs to _____.
a) adrenal medulla; decrease blood sugar and increase inflammation
b) adrenal medulla; decrease energy and inflammation
c) adrenal cortex; increase energy and reduce inflammation
d) decrease sweating; increase energy and inflammation
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
68. When stressors are perceived, which part of the endocrine system is responsible for activating the adrenal cortex, which in turn releases cortisol?
a) the hypothalamus
b) the thyroid glands
c) the parathyroid glands
d) the pituitary gland
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
69. The release of cortisol during the fight-or-flight response occurs at the end of the _____ pathway.
a) pituitary, hypothalamus, adrenal cortex
b) pituitary, adrenal cortex, hypothalamus
c) hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal cortex
d) adrenal cortex, hypothalamus, pituitary
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
70. In Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome, the initial response of the autonomic nervous system to the stressor occurs in the ______________ phase.
a) resistance
b) primary
c) activation
d) alarm
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
71. Which of the following reflects the correct order of the stages of the general adaptation syndrome?
a) alarm, resistance, exhaustion
b) resistance, alarm, exhaustion
c) alarm, exhaustion, resistance
d) resistance, exhaustion, alarm
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
72. Denis has been under prolonged stress and although his physiological arousal has stabilized at a level higher than normal, he has begun to use coping efforts. Denis is at the ____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.
a) resistance
b) recovery
c) exhaustion
d) alarm reaction
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
73. In the past year, Thatcher was laid off from his job after 12 years. Before he could find another job, his wife was diagnosed with cancer, and he has been taking care of her ever since. Although he is feeling very tired, he feels his wife’s care is his priority. His doctor is becoming increasingly concerned because Thatcher’s blood pressure is dangerously high. According to Selye, which stage of GAS is Thatcher presently in?
a) alarm
b) resistance
c) exhaustion
d) coping
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
74. Nestor was laid off yesterday. It will not take long for his bills to start piling up. His wife is pregnant and off work and he knows it will be difficult for him find a new job. He slept terribly last night and is unable to eat due to his worry and anxiety. Which phase of the general adaptation syndrome is Nestor most likely experiencing?
a) resistance
b) alarm
c) exhaustion
d) burnout
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
75. Jarek has attempted to deal with the stressor of his divorce for two years now, but still feels tired and drained most of the time. What stage of GAS is Jarek in?
a) alarm
b) resistance
c) self-defense
d) exhaustion
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
76. Which disease of adaptation can occur during the exhaustion phase of the GAS?
a) heart disease
b) stroke
c) addiction
d) eating disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
77. All the following have been described as diseases of adaptation except _____________.
a) addiction
b) colds
c) influenza
d) high blood pressure
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
78. The degree to which we experience stress is affected by ______.
a) neither our emotional response nor our physical response
b) our emotional response, but not our physical response
c) our physical response, but not our emotional response
d) both our emotional response and our physical response
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
79. Meredith has two young sons who have both been diagnosed with autism. The boys’ father left the home a year ago and does not help or contribute financially. Meredith’s mother was helping Meredith with the boys but has now been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s. Meredith cannot afford to quit her job. Which of the following is likely to be true of Meredith?
a) Meredith will primarily feel anxious and depressed.
b) If Meredith experiences another stressor, she will experience negative emotions.
c) Meredith will likely experience anxiety, fear, apprehension, dejection, anger, guilt, and shame.
d) Meredith is probably experiencing negative emotions, however, the type or extent of this will depend on her personal style and the stressful situations she is facing.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
80. Olivia decides that the stressor she is confronting, a difficult math test, is a threatening event that is beyond her control. Olivia has just engaged in __________________________.
a) secondary appraisal
b) primary appraisal
c) rationalization
d) withdrawal
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
81. Charlie has been diagnosed with breast cancer. Since the diagnosis, Charlie has researched the disease, has discussed the treatment options with her doctor, and has included her partner in the decisions that must be made. Based on Charlie’s behaviour, one could predict
a) she is trying too hard to control all aspects of her disease so she will encounter high levels of stress.
b) she has appraised her disease as a challenge, taken control, and will be able to manage her stress.
c) she is delaying her stress response which will accumulate and make her sicker.
d) she is using a defense mechanism which, eventually will cause her to experience extremely high levels of stress.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
82. Felix is responding to a stressor. His hypothalamus is stimulating his pituitary gland, which is releasing stress hormones into his bloodstream. How is this system different from the fight-or-flight response?
a) It is slower to influence the body.
b) It increases muscle tension and respiration.
c) It stimulates the heart and other body organs.
d) It alleviates anxiety and depression.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
83. Richard Lazarus’ cognitive-mediational theory of emotions identified _____________ and __________ as the two steps in how we experience stress.
a) alarm; resistance
b) appraisal; action
c) primary appraisal; action
d) primary appraisal; secondary appraisal
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
84. Which of the following is the best example of primary appraisal?
a) Marj feels the house shaking and wonders whether it is an earthquake or a big truck going by.
b) Odette was forced to evacuate her house when a tanker derailed; she is phoning friends to find a place to stay until she can return.
c) Yegor just failed his first term test. He tells himself “I’d better start working harder.”
d) Hakesh missed the closing time for the bank and is going home to pay his bills that are due today on the internet.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
85. Ricardo decided that the best way to deal with his stressor of a math test is to study several hours and receive extra help from his professor; he has just engaged in _________.
a) secondary appraisal
b) primary appraisal
c) rationalization
d) withdrawal
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
86. In the text, results from a nursing home study investigating stress and control revealed what relationship?
a) Residents given more control experienced less stress.
b) Residents with more control were twice as likely to be alive after the study.
c) Residents who believed they could exert control over specific stressors reported less stress.
d) all the above
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
87. Mia had surgery on a broken finger, and she is an editor who needs to type; the idea of not recovering full use of her finger was stressful. She diligently attended physical therapy to strengthen her finger. Which of the following best describes Mia’s approach to dealing with this stressor?
a) belief that external factors would determine the outcome
b) belief that she controlled her own fate
c) mindfulness stress reduction
d) social support from friends and family
Difficulty: Medium
Bloom's: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
88. An experiment assessing levels of stress in dogs involved two sets of dogs all of whom were exposed to electric shock. Dogs were yoked together in pairs (One from Group A and one from Group B making up each pair.) Dogs were tested in yoked pairs. Dogs in Group A learned that when warned by a sound they could terminate the shock before it began by pressing a lever. The dogs in Group B were exposed to the same sounds and same intensity of shock as their partners but could not take any action to terminate the shock. Therefore, for the Group B dogs the termination of the shock seemed random. Next the dogs were put individually into a chamber that had a low wall separating the space into two compartments. When the shock came on the dogs could leap from the shock side over the barrier to the non-shock side. The dogs in Group A all learned this task immediately. The dogs in Group B did not. Why not?
a) The dogs in Group A developed eustress because of the control they experienced in the first experiment.
b) The dogs in Group B experienced developed helplessness because in the first experiment they had no control over the shock.
c) The dogs in Group B developed a dependency on the Group A dogs and could not respond without observational learning.
d) There is no way to predict the outcome of this study.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
89. Oumou and Lindsay have been roommates since the first day of university. They go everywhere together and have made a lot of friends in the first semester. Monika, on the other hand, has a private room in the dormitory. She seldom goes out and has not made any real friends yet. When it is time for final exams, which of the following are you most likely to find?
a) Oumou and Lindsay will find it harder to study as they will distract each other.
b) Oumou and Lindsay will find it more stressful as sharing the apartment will cause considerable stress.
c) Oumou and Lindsay will experience less stress than Monika because they can offer each other social support.
d) Monika will experience less stress because she will not have the negative influence of a roommate.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
90. The degree to which the sympathetic nervous system becomes aroused in response to stress is known as _____.
a) autonomic reactivity
b) the HPA threshold
c) SNS sensitivity
d) somatic excitation
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
91. Yuko and Camden had to give a group presentation together. Camden was calm but Yuko told him she was not certain she would be able to do the presentation as her heart was pounding and her mouth was dry, and she was having trouble breathing. Yuko has
a) lower levels of autonomic reactivity than Thomas,
b) higher levels of autonomic reactivity than Thomas.
c) an optimistic brand of pessimism.
d) a Type A personality.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
92. Nine-year-old’s Elliott and Jackson were in line with their dads for a scary ride at an amusement park. Elliott was giggling nervously and asking his dad how many times he had been on the ride already. Jackson kept pulling at his dad’s hand and begging him to get out of line and to let them just get ice cream while Elliott and his dad went on the ride. Jackson probably has ______ than Elliott.
a) has a more secure attachment.
b) has a more insecure attachment.
c) a lower level of autonomic reactivity.
d) a higher level of autonomic reactivity.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
93. Which of the following is true about autonomic reactivity to stress?
a) The physiological symptoms of a response to stress are the same for everyone.
b) Regardless of the specific physiological symptoms, everyone perceives stress the same way.
c) People who have lower physiological responses to stressors are simply better at managing the stress they experience than those with higher physiological responses.
d) Different people have different levels of reactivity from the ANS.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
94. Two economists are arguing about how long they expect a recession will last. One expects the recovery to be rapid, and the other expects recovery to take several years. These two people differ in their ___.
a) social support
b) explanatory style
c) personality style
d) autonomic reactivity
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
95. Leland has had a particularly bad day at work. His boss was very angry with him for missing a deadline, and he sent a confidential e-mail to the wrong person. When Leland is telling his roommate about his day, his roommate says, “Well that proves that, if something can go wrong, it will”. Leland replies with “It was just one day and it’s over. Tomorrow is a new day.” Leland is exhibiting a(n) ____________ explanatory style and his roommate is exhibiting a(n) ____________ explanatory style.
a) defensive optimism; defensive pessimism
b) optimistic brand of pessimism; pessimism
c) optimistic; pessimistic
d) optimistic brand of pessimism; defensive pessimism
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
96. People who believe in “Murphy’s Law” – if something can go wrong, it usually will – most probably have
a) an optimistic explanatory style.
b) a pessimistic explanatory style.
c) a guardedly optimistic explanatory style.
d) an optimistic brand of pessimism explanatory style.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
97. Sawyer desperately wants to get his driver’s license, counting the days until his sixteenth birthday. He has never failed a test in his life. Yet, when he must write the written test to get his driver’s license, a test he has diligently studied for, he is certain he will fail. Sawyer probably has _____.
a) an optimistic explanatory style
b) an optimistic brand of pessimism
c) defensive pessimism
d) a pessimistic explanatory style
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
98. After exposure to a severe and prolonged stressor, illness and death may occur in the _____ phase of the general adaptation syndrome.
a) resistance
b) stagnation
c) alarm
d) exhaustion
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
99. Bentley would be described as stress-resistant or hardy. Knowing this, what could we say is true of Bentley?
a) Bentley is high in commitment.
b) Bentley has an external locus of control in his life.
c) Bentley welcomes challenges.
d) Bentley believes that he has control in his life.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
100. People who interpret stress as challenging and not as a threat to their wellbeing are exhibiting ____________________.
a) controlled personality
b) resilient personality
c) hardy personality
d) emotion-focuses coping
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
101. Malak is easygoing and relaxed. At work, she always gets thing done on time but doesn’t tend to rush through her work. She’s very even-tempered and is patient and slow to anger. Which of the following best describes Malak?
a) hardy personality
b) Type A personality
c) Type B personality
d) Type C personality
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
102. Research has demonstrated individuals with Type A personality are _____________ whereas individuals with Type C personality are _________________.
a) at increased risk for heart disease; at increased risk of cancer
b) at increased risk for cancer; at increased risk of heart disease
c) at decreased risk for heart disease; decreased risk of cancer
d) at increased risk for heart disease; decreased risk of cancer
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
103) What is a significant yet often overlooked factor that contributes to successful stress management?
a) a good social support network
b) access to good medical care
c) a consistent exercise routine
d) access to the outdoors
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
104. Enola prides herself on how well she handles stress. No matter what goes on in her life, she continues to smile and “gets through it”. She does not feel the need to share her problems with other people and, in fact, doesn’t even acknowledge negative feelings such as anger, frustration, or sadness, at all. Which of the following would be true of Enola?
a) Enola has Type B personality and is at low risk of becoming ill.
b) Enola is using constructive coping.
c) Enola has Type C personality and is particularly vulnerable to some types of cancer.
d) Enola has Type A repressive personality.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
105. Kavita just told her boyfriend, “You’re a stupid, inconsiderate jerk, and I wish I’d never met you.” Now, she is sitting in her room playing a video game and chatting online, but when her mother asks her if she wants to talk about it, Kavita refuses to discuss the issue. Which of the following is Kavita’s style?
a) stress-resistant personality
b) Type A
c) Type B
d) Type C
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
106. Which of the following individuals is most likely to experience stress?
a) Raziel, who is close to his parents and siblings
b) Aarav, who has a Type C personality
c) Mahdi, who has low autonomic nervous system reactivity
d) Alexander, who has developed an optimistic brand of pessimism
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
107. Which of following is true about social relationships and stress?
a) Social support always reduces stress.
b) Social support seldom reduces stress in a noticeable manner.
c) Social support can reduce minor stress but does not help with more intense stressors.
d) Social support can be a source of stress as well as help to prevent or reduce stress.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress, and explain how individual responses to stress differ.
Section Reference: Responding to Stress
108. In simple terms coping can be described as _____.
a) avoiding stress
b) attenuating stress
c) managing stress in an effective way
d) solving problems
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
109. Coping is defined as ___.
a) an adaptive response to stress
b) our attempt to manage, reduce or tolerate stress
c) any mechanism that reduces the level of stress
d) the utilization of available resources
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
110. A person who seems to be better at departing from their preferred coping style to meet the demands at hand would be called a(n) _____________ individual.
a) variable-coping
b) coping-flexible
c) hardy-coping
d) stress-resistant
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
111. Asher has encountered a number of personal problems in the past year. He has found that different types of coping strategies worked better in different situations. Asher would be described as a(n) ____________ individual.
a) variable-coping
b) coping-flexible
c) hardy-coping
d) stress-resistant
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
112. Which of the following statements regarding the laughter/humour-health link is NOT supported in your text?
a) There is a causative link between laughter and health.
b) The link between humour and health is less clear than first thought.
c) Humour results in greater social support, leading to better health.
d) Laughter may increase blood flow.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
113. Meditation has been found to lower stress by
a) creating an altered state of consciousness.
b) releasing voluntary control of mental processes.
c) creating a sleeplike type of relaxation in experienced meditators.
d) ignoring feeling, thoughts, and sensations.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
114. When people react to a series of stressors by using angry words or behaviours against another person, it is referred to as ________________.
a) self-defense
b) self-indulgence
c) lashing out
d) emotion-focused
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
115. Sanzhar had an argument with his boss today and as a result his boss threatened to fire him. When he came home, he discovered his roommate had not cleaned the kitchen as he had promised. Although this was not really that serious, Sanzhar lost his temper, called his roommate a name and stormed out of the apartment, slamming the door. Sanzhar is using the ______________ method of coping with his bad day at work.
a) self-defence
b) reaction formation
c) lashing out
d) repression
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
116. Joshua is a salesperson who works on commission. He has recently lost a huge client and thus a great deal of revenue. If Joshua employs problem-focused coping strategies, what would you expect of Joshua?
a) Joshua might evaluate all of the data on the lost client to pinpoint the reason for leaving and try to woo the client back.
b) Joshua might leave the state of his commissions to the fates as there is no way to predict the future.
c) Joshua might revisit the incident and realize the client was extremely high maintenance and his schedule is less hectic without them.
d) Joshua might realize that this commission is just one of many and believe another one will come around in due time.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
117. A police officer gives you a speeding ticket on your way to work. When you get to the office, you take out your frustration and anger on your co-worker. What is the term for this type of coping?
a) lashing out
b) diverted frustration
c) diverted anger
d) self-indulgence
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
118. Which of the following is NOT true about the lashing out style of coping?
a) It is typically not a constructive coping style in certain situations.
b) Everyone can lash out at others in the face of stress.
c) Continuous expressions of anger usually cause more anger.
d) Expressing anger through lashing out is cathartic.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
119. Alex has suffered a financial set back and is unable to pay his rent this month. Despite this, he just bought a new video game, and is planning to go away for the weekend with friends. Alex seems to have put his financial woes completely out of his mind. Alex seems to be using a(n) ______________ coping style which, in this case _________ a constructive way of dealing with his problems.
a) dismissive; is
b) dismissive; is not
c) repressive; is
d) repressive; is not
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
120. A repressive coping style is to ____________ as a constructive coping style is to __________.
a) truly reducing stress; truly reducing stress
b) truly reducing stress; masking stress
c) masking stress; masking stress
d) masking stress; truly reducing stress
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
121.Everyone loves Maciek. He is articulate and the life of every party. He seems to be a loving husband and father. So, people were shocked when his apparently happy relationship ended abruptly, and Maciek abandoned his family. Maciek’s partner said that Maciek was very hard to live with; he rarely addressed issues, would never admit to being worried or stressed, and denied having negative feelings, even when it was clear he was angry or distressed. What is Maciek’s long-term prognosis likely to be?
a) Maciek is using a problem-focused coping style which causes increased autonomic arousal.
b) Maciek is using lashing out as a coping style and his outbursts will increasing his blood pressure.
c) Maciek is using a repressive coping style and although this masks his stress, it will cause increased autonomic arousal.
d) Maciek is using an emotion-focused coping strategy which will cause increased autonomic arousal.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
121. According to research, people with repressive coping styles ___.
a) report less stress and have lower autonomic responses
b) report less stress but have higher autonomic responses
c) report more stress and have higher autonomic responses
d) report more stress but have lower autonomic responses
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
122. Which of the following coping styles is correctly matched with an example?
a) lashing out – Sierra has a paper due in two days but instead of working on it has been binge watching the latest episodes of her favourite program on Netflix.
b) repressive coping style – Uma has a sore tooth, but she is ignoring it, telling herself she is grinding her teeth because of her upcoming exam and that after the exam the tooth will stop hurting.
c) self-indulgence – Ludovic tells himself that his younger brother died because he was “too good for this world.”
d) cognitive reappraisal – Jack is frustrated that his roommate drank most of the milk … again, leaving only a few drops at the bottom. Jack confronted him and threw the carton at his roommate.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
123. Coping techniques that involve self-deception to distort reality in order to make a situation appear less threatening are referred to as
a) maladaptive coping.
b) adaptive coping.
c) self-defence.
d) constructive coping.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
124. After a stressful week at work, during which she also had to balance visiting her mother in the hospital, and volunteering at her children’s school, Lena decided to treat herself. She stopped by the mall and purchased a new suit, shoes, and a handbag. Lena's coping response to stress can be best described as
a) self-defence.
b) self-indulgence.
c) lashing out.
d) emotion-focused.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
125. Overeating, smoking, and consuming drugs and alcohol are all examples of the coping strategy known as _______________.
a) lashing out
b) self-abuse
c) bingeing
d) self-indulgence
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
126. Which of the following is NOT true of the self-indulgence coping style?
a) Long-term self-indulgent responses are often associated with poor adjustment.
b) Self-indulgence can be effective in calming down a stressed person in minor, short-term situations.
c) Self-indulgence can increase stress levels.
d) As self-indulgence is seldom used habitually, there are typically no long-term health effects.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
127. Problem-focused coping involves all the following EXCEPT
a) dealing directly with the stressor.
b) changing the stressor itself.
c) using cognitive reappraisal to interpret the stressor differently.
d) Problem-focused coping involves all of these.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
128. When diagnosed with high blood pressure, Eve searched the Internet for information about the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for this disorder. Eve is exhibiting
a) denial.
b) emotion-focused coping.
c) problem-focused coping.
d) external-focused coping.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
129. Which of the following people is using problem-focused coping?
a) a bystander sees a house on fire and calls the fire department
b) a recently laid-off worker is enjoying sleeping in each morning
c) a driver in a traffic jam rants at the other drivers for not moving
d) a mother prays for her son who is serving in the army
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
130. Positive beliefs are considered a resource for coping. Such beliefs are most closely related to the concept of ___________________.
a) self-actualization
b) emotion-focused coping
c) optimistic coping
d) stressor adaptation
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
131. Which of the following individuals is most likely using a self-defence coping strategy to deal with the stressor of losing a job?
a) Naoki, who meditated for an hour
b) Jace, who said he really didn’t care, he had never liked the job anyway
c) Peyton, who drank a stiff rye and coke
d) Zachary, who decides this was the push he needed to apply for a job at the competitor’s company
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
132. Which of the following persons is effectively using emotion-focused coping?
a) Roscoe rationalized that he got a poor grade on the math test because his teacher was boring.
b) Logan rationalized that not making the basketball team would give him more time to focus on his studies and finish college sooner.
c) Yasmine decided that all men were jerks after being dumped by five guys in five years.
d) Valeria decided to ignore the lump in her breast, telling herself that it was probably no big deal.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloom's: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
133. Which of the following people is the best example of someone using cognitive reappraisal?
a) Harper, who is shopping to forget about her boyfriend’s cheating
b) Tomoyuki, who has taken up jogging to handle the stress of looking after his sick father
c) Navjit, who has had a significant argument with his roommate and is sitting in his room playing video games
d) Trinity, who was asked to leave the university due to low grades and decided this would give her a chance to work on her art
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
134. Which of the following people is the best example of someone using cognitive reappraisal?
a) Abdul, was finding the cost of driving to work unaffordable so looked for an apartment within walking distance
b) Kenza, who has taken up yoga since taking on the care of her father with dementia
c) Axel, who was in a traumatic car accident is looking to self-disclose with a therapist
d) Una, who had to move high schools and is sorry to leave her good friends but is also glad to be rid of the mean girls
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
135. Finding a way to reinterpret the negative aspects of a situation so that they are less upsetting is called ______________ and is part of _______________ coping.
a) self-defence; problem-focused
b) self-defence; emotion-focused
c) cognitive reappraisal; problem-focused
d) cognitive reappraisal; emotion-focused
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
136. Which of the following statements regarding the connection between social support and stress is MOST accurate?
a) Social support is only effective in times of high stress.
b) Social support typically has negative effects in the absence of stress.
c) Social support is a buffer only for people with stress-related illnesses.
d) Social support helps to protect us from the effects of stress.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Discuss and evaluate several ways in which people cope with stress.
Section Reference: Coping with Stress
137. In the 1930’s and 1940’s, what did the term “psychosomatic disease” refer to?
a) unconscious faking of physical illness
b) conscious faking of physical illness
c) misinterpretation of minor bodily changes as symptoms of serious illness
d) genuine physical illness caused at least partly by psychological factors
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
138. Which of the following is NOT one of the classic psychosomatic illnesses?
a) migraine headaches
b) ulcers
c) diabetes
d) hypertension
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
139. Physical ailments that were caused in part by psychological factors were first labelled as ____________ diseases.
a) neuroses
b) hysteria
c) hypochondriacal
d) psychosomatic
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
140. Which of the following is a disease that is psychosomatic in nature?
a) arthritis
b) diabetes
c) depression
d) hypertension
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
141. ___________________is the term used to describe the condition when the blood vessels surrounding the heart become blocked, preventing the flow of blood and oxygen to the heart muscle.
a) Collateral circulation
b) Coronary heart disease
c) Angina
d) Hardening of the arteries
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
142. Rodrigo an impatient, highly competitive individual who is easily provoked into angry confrontations. According to Friedman and Rosenman, Rodrigo is most likely a ______________ personality and is at high risk of developing ______________.
a) hardy; depression
b) Type B; anxiety disorders
c) Type C; cancer
d) Type A; coronary heart disease
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
143. After talking to her psychiatrist, Hazel is told that she could be at an increased risk for high blood pressure, and even heart disease. Hazel assumed you could only get those from poor diet and exercise. Which of the following best explains the behaviors that led Hazel’s psychiatrist to tell her this?
a) Hazel was likely aggressive and contrary about her work or home life, and also expressed an excess of stress.
b) Hazel was likely too laid back about her current problems, refusing to acknowledge that she had any stress in her life at all.
c) Hazel probably discussed how stressful her job had been lately, asking for advice about how to work though the stress.
d) Hazel probably discussed her feelings of displeasure with her environment, and her feelings that she needs a change in her life.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
144. Which of the following statements is true?
a) Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in men and women after 35 years of age.
b) People with Type D personalities are also considered coronary-prone personalities.
c) Coronary heart disease is caused by almost exclusively by poor eating habits and lack of exercise.
d) Extreme competitiveness and time pressure are the primary factors associated with elevated coronary risk in Type A personalities.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
145. Based on the most recent research, which of the following is the MOST accurate conclusion one can draw about Type A behaviour and the risk of coronary heart disease?
a) The Type A person is five times more likely to suffer from coronary heart disease than the Type B person.
b) There is actually very little connection between stress and coronary heart disease.
c) The Type A person is more resistant to coronary heart disease than the Type B person.
d) The relationship between the two seems more modest than originally thought, with Type A behaviour increasing coronary risk only for some.
Difficulty: Hard
Bloomcode: Evaluation
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
146. A person with Type A personality is at greater risk of having a coronary heart disease episode if they are also high on the characteristic of ____________.
a) competitiveness
b) hostility
c) impatience
d) neuroticism
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
147. Type A personality has also been referred to as ____________.
a) neurotic personality
b) hostility-prone personality
c) coronary-prone personality
d) heart-attack-prone personality
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
148. Which of the following is NOT accurate about the relationship between Type A personality and coronary heart disease?
a) Men with Type A personality are more prone to coronary heart disease.
b) Women with Type A personality are no more prone to coronary heart disease than women with Type B personality.
c) The key personality characteristic associated with Type A personality and coronary heart disease is hostility.
d) People with Type A personality engage in stress-producing behaviours which makes them more prone to coronary heart disease.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
149. Psychoneuroimmunology is a field that studies the interaction among all the following except the ______________.
a) mind
b) nervous system
c) environment
d) immune system
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
150. Lymphocytes are
a) a category of molecules that control inflammation.
b) red blood cells that circulate in the blood stream carrying oxygen to the body.
c) stress hormones that control blood sugar, regulate metabolism, and reduce inflammation.
d) white blood cells that circulate through the lymphatic system and blood stream.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
151. Rani is run down. She is at the end of her third term of university and has been writing papers and studying for finals for weeks now. She has gone to Health Services for a checkup and was sent for blood tests. What might the tests show?
a) high levels of lymphocytes
b) low levels of lymphocytes
c) low levels of norepinephrine.
d) low cortisol levels
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
152. Lymphocyte(s)
a) levels are increased by stress.
b) carry hormones such as cortisol to various parts of the body.
c) are a specific type of hemoglobin.
d) levels in bereaved people are lower than in the nonbereaved.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
153. For the past year, Julieta has been taking care of her mother who has advanced Alzheimer’s disease. Which of the following could you predict about Julieta?
a) She would be more resistant to bacterial and viral infections because of stress inoculation.
b) She would shower higher levels of lymphocyte activity, making her more resistant to infections.
c) She would show higher levels of lymphocyte activity, making her more vulnerable to infections.
d) She would show lower levels of lymphocyte activity, making her more vulnerable to infections.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
154. Which of the following is NOT a biochemical that increases immune functioning at low stress levels and decreases immune functioning at high stress levels?
a) cortisol
b) cytokines
c) dopamine
d) norepinephrine
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
155. Which of the following is accurate about the effect of norepinephrine on the immune system?
a) At low stress levels, norepinephrine decreases activity of the immune system. At high levels of stress, it increases activity of the immune system.
b) At low stress levels, norepinephrine decreases the activity of the immune system. At high levels of stress, it decreases the activity of the immune system even more.
c) At low stress levels, norepinephrine increases the activity of the immune system. At high levels of stress, it decreases the activity of the immune system.
d) At low stress levels, norepinephrine increases the activity of the immune system. At high levels of stress, it decreases the activity of the immune system.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
156. At low stress levels, norepinephrine ___________ activity of the immune system. At high levels of stress, norepinephrine ______________ activity of the immune system.
a) increases; increases
b) decreases; increases
c) increases; decreases
d) decreases; decreases
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
157. Increased levels of cortisol have been directly linked to __________________________.
a) bipolar disorder
b) adrenal gland failure
c) eating disorders
d) impaired immune system functioning
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
158. Like many of his classmates, Emersyn has become ill with flu-like symptoms at the end of term. This phenomenon is common across university campuses. All the following explain why this increase in illness may occur after a period of prolonged stress EXCEPT for which statement.
a) Ongoing stress lowers levels of lymphocytes.
b) Norepinephrine is inhibiting lymphocytes.
c) Cortisol is suppressing the production of cytokines.
d) Cortisol levels are high and inhibiting the immune system.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
159. Proteins that bind to receptors throughout the body and play a key role in the immune system are _____________.
a) neuropeptides
b) leptin
c) cytokines
d) lymphocytes
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
160. Cortisol stimulates an increase in the production of cytokines which help fight infection. However, the ongoing production of cytokines can lead to _____.
a) irritation
b) coagulation
c) hemorrhage
d) inflammation
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
161. Which of the following behaviours is NOT associated with decreased immune functioning?
a) smoking
b) acknowledging negative emotion
c) poor nutrition
d) lack of exercise
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
162. Which of the following accurately summarizes the research on personality and vulnerability to cancer?
a) People with Type A personality are at higher risk for developing certain types of cancers.
b) People with Type A personality tend to have less successful recovery from cancer.
c) Although some studies suggest that Type C personality are more vulnerable to developing cancer, others have found no relationship between the variables.
d) People with Type C personality are at greater risk of developing cancer but seem to have more successful recovery outcomes.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
163. Several factors predict poor or good health. Which of the following is correctly matched?
a) poor outcome - regular attendance at a place of worship
b) good outcome - having a Type D personality
c) good outcome – having a strong social support group
d) poor outcome - constructive coping
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
164. Pleasant, beneficial or curative stress is called __________________.
a) eustress
b) beneficial stressors
c) negative stress
d) happiness
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
165. Today, Darrin is getting married to the person he truly loves. He is somewhat nervous and very excited, but is also feeling stressed about the wedding itself as it has taken a lot of planning. According to Selye, Darrin is experiencing
a) distress.
b) optimal stress.
c) repressed stress.
d) eustress.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
166. After her daughter died from cancer, Imane started to raise money for cancer research and campaigned to raise awareness about the type of cancer her daughter had. Imane has demonstrated the ability to confront the challenge of her daughter’s death and has built up strength and resilience in a manner referred to as ___________.
a) posttraumatic growth
b) stress inoculation
c) eustress
d) optimal stress
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
167. In the past six months, Catalina has moved to a new city, started a new job, and bought a condominium. Although it was a very stressful time, Catalina feels that she was able to adapt very well to all the changes she made over a short period of time. She is now more confident than before that, should she encounter future stressors, she will be able to cope effectively with them. Catalina has experienced
a) stress inoculation.
b) eustress.
c) posttraumatic growth.
d) optimal stress.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
168. Adam coaches a university basketball team that is advancing to the national playoffs. To prepare the team for the stress of the playoffs, Adam sets up a number of games with competitive teams simply for the purpose of exposing the players to smaller levels of stress. Adam is using _____________ to prepare his team for the playoffs.
a) stress inoculation
b) post-traumatic growth
c) constructive stress testing
d) optimal stress levels
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
169. Which of the following is true about the optimal level of stress for task performance?
a) It is about the same from one task to another.
b) It increases as the tasks become more complex.
c) It decreases as the tasks become more complex.
d) It relates more to personality type than to the task.
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
170. Saba works as a tax accountant and must complete complex worksheets for each of her clients. Archie works in a factory where he performs a simple visual inspection of the finished product. Assuming both Saba and Archie experience a high level of stress after hearing some upsetting news, which of the following should you expect?
a) Saba’s performance will be impaired more than Archie’s performance.
b) Archie’s performance will be impaired more than Saba’s performance.
c) Both Saba and Archie will show significant impairment in the performance of their respective jobs.
d) Neither Saba nor Archie will show any impairment in the performance of their respective jobs.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
171. Tobin is a key player for his team in a championship hockey tournament. Tobin would most benefit from a _______ level of arousal because playing hockey would be a task of __________ complexity.
a) low; low
b) low; high
c) high; low
d) low; high
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Explain how stress can cause physical illness, and discuss situations in which stress may be beneficial.
Section Reference: Stress and Health
172. The essential feature of PTSD is ____________________________.
a) emotional numbing
b) nightmares
c) flashbacks
d) severe anxiety
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
173. Which of the following people are most likely to experience PTSD?
a) a parent who witnessed the unexpected death of her child
b) a student who failed a psychology exam
c) a tourist who broke his leg while skiing
d) a shopper who lost her wallet at the store
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
174. Which of the following is NOT one of the primary symptoms of PTSD?
a) feeling emotionally numb
b) drug and alcohol abuse
c) hallucinatory experiences
d) having difficulty falling or staying asleep
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
175. PTSD is caused by ___________________.
a) exposure to extraordinary stress
b) poor coping skills
c) poor family support
d) personality variables that prevent an individual from effective coping
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
176. Which of the following is NOT a factor that increases the likelihood of developing PTSD in response to a traumatic event?
a) growing up in poverty
b) being the youngest child in the family
c) having a father who suffered from depression
d) experiencing childhood abuse
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
177. Which of the following is NOT a possible biological factor involved in PTSD?
a) an exaggerated response of the HPA axis
b) a smaller than normal hippocampus
c) abnormal activity of norepinephrine
d) exaggerated sympathetic nervous system response
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
178. Kacy was sexually assaulted. Which of the following is least likely to influence whether she develops PTSD?
a) Kacy will have low levels of cortisol in her blood.
b) Kacy will have norepinephrine in her urine.
c) Kacy’s father suffered from depression.
d) Kacy has just moved to the city where she was assaulted and has not yet made friends.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
179. Which of the following symptoms is a person with PTSD NOT likely to experience?
a) nightmares and sleep disturbances
b) withdrawal from personal relationships
c) mania
d) increasing dependence on drugs and/or alcohol
Difficulty: Easy
Bloomcode: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
180. Which of the following people are most likely to experience PTSD?
a) Reem, who witnessed her child killed in an accident.
b) Eric, who failed a psychology exam and now does not qualify for the PhD program.
c) Mateo, is an Olympic skier and who broke his leg so badly he won’t ski competitively again.
d) Yvette, who was a victim of identity theft and has no money left in her bank account.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
181. Which of the following statements about posttraumatic stress disorder is true?
a) Men are twice as likely as women to develop PTSD.
b) Persons who watch traumatic events through the media cannot in fact develop PTSD and are lying if they claim otherwise.
c) Persons who view negative life events as being within their control are less likely to develop PTSD.
d) Children cannot develop PTSD.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
182. Which of the following statements about posttraumatic stress disorder is FALSE?
a) Although intense at the outset, it does not typically produce lasting psychological effects.
b) It tends to have the greatest effect on those who are already psychologically vulnerable to begin with.
c) It affects about 10% of the Canadian population at some point in their lives.
d) Women are twice as likely to develop the disorder as men.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Analysis
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
183. Eneko is suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder. Based on what you know about the most common causes of PTSD, which of the following is LEAST likely the cause of his disorder?
a) He was in a natural disaster.
b) He was in combat.
c) He was in a car accident.
d) He was the victim of a crime.
Difficulty: Medium
Bloomcode: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms and causes of posttraumatic stress disorder, and discuss some risk factors for developing it.
Section Reference: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
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